B.

DIAGRAM
Predisposing Factors:
Mycobacterium
Immune compromised status
Severely malnourished Age:
young and old Nationality:
Filipino
Etiology: Precipitating Factors
tuberculosis Occupation (health care workers)
Repeated close contact with infected
persons
Economically- disadvantaged or
homeless/ poor housing
Living in overcrowded areas
Alcohol abuse/ dependent
Poor hygiene
Lack of access to health care
Low socio-economic status

Etiology:
Mycobacterium
tuberculosis

Exposure or inhalation of infected

droplet nuclei

Tubercle bacilli invasion

To the alveoli

tubercle bacilli are ingested by

wandering macrophages

Many of the bacilli survived and

proliferates within macrophages
creating local infection

Regional lymph nodes

Inflammatory response occurs, TB

specific lymphocyte produces T-lytic
enzyme which lyses bacteria and
alveolar tissue
 Tissue focus (bacteria & macrophage)
become necrotic and caseous
GRANULOMA GHONFOCUS

Dissemination of bacilli to hilar

nodes causes Granulomatous
LYMHADENITIS
Partial occlusion which
interferes w/ the diffusion
- Drainage of necrotic materials into of O2 & CO2
productive cough the tracheobronchial tree
- phlegm
- crackles
Areas of the lungs are
PRIMARY INFECTION inadequately ventilated

Lesions heal over a period

of time by forming scars ↓oxygen dyspnea
and later being calcified carrying
capacity

Tubercle bacilli immunity develops

(2 to 6 weeks after infection) hypoxia
(maintains in the body as long as
With medical living bacilli remains in the body)
intervention:
- pallor
- Early detection/ - weakness
Inhibits further growth of the - fatigue
diagnosis of the disease bacilli and the development of
- Multi-antibacterial - tachycardia
active infection (bacteria - chest pain
therapy becomes dormant)
- Fixed- dose therapy - tachypnea
- TB DOTS (Direct -dizziness
Observed Therapy)
Reinfection

Good prognosis Reactivation of the tubercle

bacilli

SECONDARY INFECTION

↓ immune system

Bacteria becomes
resistant and survives
 Active infection develops

Release of Lytic enzymes Ulceration of the lesions

TNF Obstruction by in the lungs hemoptysis
IL-1 Lymphadenopathy
ATELECTASIS
Accumulation of
Severe occurrence of lesions pus in the chest
FEVER in the lungs leading to abscess cavity
(empyema)

INC Recurrent
BMR Lung consumption -
chest pain
Chills &
- fever and chills
Anorexia - excessive sweating
Sweating ↓ alveolar tissue
- loss of appetite
leading to ↓ oxygen - muscle wasting
- weight loss
cachexia Night Sweats
- body malaise
DEATH
Weight loss