CHAPTER I

PREFACE

A. Background
One of the factors causing damage to the environment that until now still remains a
great homework for the Indonesian nation is the factor of waste plastic waste disposal.

More than 75.000 synthetic chemicals have been produced by humans in the last few
decades. Many of them are colorless, tasteless and smelly, but pottentially pose a health
hazard. Most of the impact it has a long-term impact, such as cancer, nerve damage,
reproductive disorders and others.

Increase in population will cause an increase in the amount of waste, because every
human must generate trash every day. Regardless of age.
The garbage is even easy to unravel and not, and some even take up to 100 years to
destroy. That whats causes the garbage continues to accumulate which of courses can be
detrimental to us. Therefore it needs some effort to handle it, of course you do not want
you area affected by flooding due to this one garbage problem ?

B. Aim
1. Knowing the dangers of toxic toxins from waste.
2. Knowing how to use waste.
3. In order for mankind to throw garbage carelessly can realize that his actions will be
harmful to him later.
4. Its expected that all parties can manage the waste properly, so that the amount of
waste can be reduce and the the environment becomes beautiful, clean and
sustainable.

C. Formulation of the problem

1. What is the meaning of garbage ?
2. What kind/classify of the garbage ?
3. What are the facts about garbage ?
4. What causes the occurrence of garbage ?
5. What are the impacts of garbage ?
6. How to manage/ sollution garbage for human life ?

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 CHAPTER II

DISCUSSION

A. Definition of garbage
Garbage is unwanted material after the end of a process. Garbage is defined by human
based on the degrees of the use. In natural processes actually, there is no concept of
garbage, there are only products produced after and during the process was held.
Garbage pollution means littering civic waste particularly household waste into places
not desaignated to dispose it off. Its mainly caused by mismanagement of solid waste
when garbage is not liffted from streets and areas to carry it to landfill sites for its final
disposal. It all happens owing to poor system of either garbage collection or its disposal.

B. Classify of the garbage

1. By the type :
 Organic waste
Waste that is easy to decompose beacause the ingredients are derived from
plants and animals without any chemical prosess. Ex : waste food, waste such
as meat, fruit, vegetables and so on.
 Inorganic waste
This waste is the opposite of organic waste, the waste that in not easily
deciphered so applied a special way to speed up the process of
decomposition. Ex : synthetic materials such as plastic, metal, glass, ceramic
and so on.

2. Based on sources :
 Natural waste
Waste produced in wildlife is integrated through natural recycling processes,
such as dried leaves in decomposed forest to soil.
 Human waste
The results of human digestion, such as faces and urine.
 Household waste
Garbage from household activities, the waste generated by most household is
paper and plastic.

3. Based on the form

 Solid waste

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 Any waste material other than human waste, urine and liquid waste.
 Liquid waste
Fluid material that has been used and then not needed back and disposed of in
landfills.
 Waste consumption
Human-generated waste from the process of using good such as food skins
and food scraps.
 Office waste
Garbage originating from offices and shopping malls such as organic waste,
paper, textiles, plastics and metals.
 Industrial waste
Garbage originating from industrial areas consisting of general waste and
hazardous liquid or solid waste.
 Nuclear waste
Waste generated from fusion and nuclear fission generating uranium and
thorium which are very harmful to the environment as well as humans.

C. Facts about garbage

1. Indonesia, the second biggest plastic waste disposal
According Jambeck (2015) Indonesia ranks second in the world’s largest plastic
waste producer country in the world. Plastic waste that Indonesia dumped into the
sea reached the amount of 187.2 million tons. This amount is only lost to China’s
waste that reaches 265 million tons. No doubt, some places like Bandung really
suppress the amount of plastic waste and styrofoam in the city.

2. Bottle water is the “Grandfather of wasteful industries.”

According to Edward Humes, author of “Garbology: Our Dirty Love Affair with
Trash,” in United Stated, 60 million plastics bottles are wasted everyday. This
amount is equal to 700 plastic bottles discarded each minute, or nearly 15 bottles
each second.

3. Styrofoam very difficult in degradation

Its take about 1 million years for bacteria and microorganisms to decompose a piece
of styrofoam garbage. Well, if calculated, one million years is equal to the age range
of 25.000 generations. So if yesterday you throw away styrofoam carelessly, then
the garbage just decompose when the grandchildren of and his grandson knows who
else was born.

4. Trash cans most useful

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 If there is a question what is the most useful garbage ? the answer is garbage cans.
For example like America. A lot of garbage cans are reused as alaumunium for
various things.

5. Best waste processing in Indonesia

There are two places that have the best waste processing place in Indonesia.
Namely Benowo Landfill and TPA Manggar Balikpapan, both alter the statement
that the final landfill can still be processed into a better thing.

6. Numbering of Bacteria Abundant

There are 400 million more bacteria in each one square inch of garbage piles.
Imagine how many bacteria that must be faced by those who struggle daily with
piles of garbage in the final dumps ?

D. CAUSES OF OCCURANCES OF GARBAGE

Pollution of garbage increases in cities and towns where there is no proper system of
garbage collection. Household have to simply collect the entire garbage of their houses and
place it to outside home in dustbin or bag.
Its collection is the task of civic agency of the area. If garbage collection agency or
contractor does’nt play its role properly and doesn’nt collect the garbages regullarly then the
problem of this kind of pollution would obviosly arise.
Improper disposal mechanism is another cause of this type of pollution. If garbage
collection agency simply collects the entire garbage of its area of responsibility but doesn’t
dispose it off in proper landfill site then it would litter around here and there and most of it
would pile up in streets and other areas. It would eventually cause several diseases due to
mushrooming growth of harmful.
The location of waste management which is inadequate and uncontrolled is a
suitable place for some organism and attractive to various animals like flies and dogs which
can cause disease.
People also tend to throw garbage on the road. This case causes the roads is needed
often cleaning and repairing.

E. THE IMPACT OF THE GARBAGE

Waste gives several environmental impacts for humans and environment. The impact for
human is the decline in the level of health. Besides that, waste can also reduce aesthetic,
smell bad. Waste can also affect environment, both of the ecosystem of water and terrestiral
ecosystem.
First, the impact on ecosystem water, garbage thrown from varios sources can be
distinguished to be organic and inorganic waste. On one side, organic waste can be food for

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 fish and other living creatures, but on the other side waste can also reduce levels of oxygen in
the water. Inorganic waste can reduce sunlight into the water environment. As a result, the
essential process of photosynthesis in the ecosystem can be distrubed.
Organic and inorganic waste also make the water turbid. This condition will reduce a
micro organism that can live in that condition. As a result, the poppulation of animals or
plants are diminished. Seepage waste that goes into the drainage or river will pollute water.
Various micro organism icluding various fish can die so that some species will disappear.
This has resulted in the change of water ecosystem biologically.

The potential danger of health that can inflict by garbage are as follows : cholera, and
typhus that spread rapidly because of the virus that derived from improper waste management
can be mingled with drinking water, a disease of dengue fever that can also increase rapidly
in regions with less adequate management of garbage, a fungus desease, a disease that can
spread through the food chain.

Waste management, that is detrimental, can form an uncomfortable environment for

the people, unpleasent and bad smell because the garbage scattered everywhere. It gives
negative impact on tourism. Inadequate waste management cause low level of public health.
The important thing here is increasing indirect fund to treat people in the hospital.

F. SOLLUTION FOR HUMAN LIFE

The key sollution for garbage pollution there are four slogans to adress this issue ;
reduce, reuse, recycle, and replace. In this way garbage pollution issue could be solved with
simply community efforts.
Here reduce means to generate garbage less means fully use the thing and then treat it as
garbage like write on every inch of paper and then through it as useless.
Similarly reuse means if possible use again and again an item instead of throwing it away;
for example if you buy oil in a bottle so after consumsing that oil use the bottle to keep any
other liquid item in it like liquid soap or dish washer liqiud etc.
Recycle means instead of disposing of garbage in landfill site sort out from it the things
which can be made reusable after slight treatment to it like cans, tins, bottles,etc.
Replace, namely replacing items that are not durable and can produce a lot of waste with
durable material and produce only a little waste. For examples glass cups. To reduce the
waste and goods become durable, glass can we replacing with plastic cups that are not easily
broken.

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 CHAPTER III
CLOSING

A. Conclusions
Garbage is a waste of goods that have expired. In general can be divided two,
there is organic waste and inorganic waste. Some peope also do not care about the
waste disposal procedure, some of them throw it into the river, ditch, into the garden,
and there is also throw away at the curb.
They are many impact of waste for us and our environment. This is also our
responsibility to help the goverment to solve the problem of waste and reduce the
impacts. We can change the waste became material which has economical values or
we can process the waste to be the material that was not harmful to environment.
Stand up and keep our environment clean.
B. Suggestion
 For the goverment
1. Should the goverment provide a compost bin in every village, especially
near the river.
2. The goverment should give a decisive action to someone who throw
garbage carelessly.
3. The goverment needs to clean up the environment with local villagers to
keep their place clean of scattered waste on certain days.
 For the readers
1. Dicipline yourself to throw away the garbage in suit place.
2. Solve the use of plastics in your life.
3. Always remember, if we continue to pollute the earth then there will be
disaster coming to us which is very harmful.

SOURCES

http://www.pollutionpollution.com/2012/07/about-garbage-pollution.html

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http://www.belajarbahasainggrisku.com/2015/03/contoh-hortatory-exposition-tentang-
sampah-dan-artinya.html

http://mily.wordpress.com/2009/01/04/makalah-bahaya-sampah.html

http://agungpsandi27.blogspot.co.id/2014/09/contoh-makalah-tentang-sampah.html?m=1