3.

CALCULAR POR FLEXION

A. DE LA VIGA 1B CALCULAR LOS ESFUERZOS MAXIMOS

SOLUCION:
DIVIDIMOS EN DOS AREAS NUESTRA SECCION

HALLAMOS EL CENTRO DE GRAVEDAD DE LA SECCION

15 ⋅ 50
――― ⋅ 2 + 40 ⋅ 50 ⋅ 25 - 20 ⋅ 20 ⋅ 25
2
Yt ≔ ――――――――――― = 17.34
15 ⋅ 50
2 ⋅ ――― + 40 ⋅ 50 - 20 ⋅ 20
2

Yc ≔ 50 - Yt
Yc = 32.66 cm

Inercia del rectangulo:

bh 3
I ＝ ――
12
Se restaria el grande menos el pequeño

b1 h 1 3 b2 h 2 3
It ＝ ――- ――
12 12
 b1 h 1 3 b2 h 2 3
It ＝ ――- ――
12 12

40 ⋅ 50 3 20 ⋅ 20 3
It ≔ ――― - ――― = 4.033 ⋅ 10 5 cm 4
12 12

Inercia del triangulo

b ≔ 15 h ≔ 50

bh 3
I ＝ ――
36

Reemplazando
b ⋅ h3
――= 5.208 ⋅ 10 4 cm 4
36
Sumamos ambas inercias:

It ≔ 4.033 ⋅ 10 5 + ⎛⎝5.208 ⋅ 10 4 ⎞⎠ = 4.554 ⋅ 10 5

SABEMOS QUE :

Mmax ≔ 151.875 tn.m

Convertimos:
Mmax ≔ 151.875 ⋅ 10 5 kg.cm
Cyt ≔ 17.34
Cyc ≔ 32.66

I ≔ ⎛⎝4.554 ⋅ 10 5 ⎞⎠
Mmax ⋅ Cy
σt ＝ ――――
I

Mmax ⋅ Cy
σc ＝ ――――
I
Reemplazando
Mmax ⋅ Cyt kg
――――= 578.286 ――
I cm 2

Mmax ⋅ Cyc kg
――――= 1.089 ⋅ 10 3 ――
I cm 2
Graficamos
B.

HALLAMOS EL MOMENTO DE INERCIA

b ≔ 35 h ≔ 30

bh 3
I ＝ ――
36

Reemplazando
b ⋅ h3
――= 2.625 ⋅ 10 4 cm 4
36
CALCULO DEL CENTRO DE GRAVEDAD DE LA SECCION

H
Cy ＝ ―
3

30
― = 10
3

SABEMOS QUE :

Mmax ≔ 151.875 tn.m

Convertimos:
Mmax ≔ 151.875 ⋅ 10 5 kg.cm
Cyt ≔ 10
Cyc ≔ 20

I ≔ 2.625 ⋅ 10 4
Mmax ⋅ Cy
σt ＝ ――――
I
 Mmax ⋅ Cy
σt ＝ ――――
I

Mmax ⋅ Cy
σc ＝ ――――
I

Reemplazando
Mmax ⋅ Cyt kg
――――= 5.786 ⋅ 10 3 ――
I cm 2

Mmax ⋅ Cyc kg
――――= 1.157 ⋅ 10 4 ――
I cm 2
Graficamos
Calcular ''a'' sabiendo que σ ＝ 4 tn

Solucion
Hallamos reacciones :

Σ Mb=0
((-5 ((1.5)) + 3 ((3)) ⋅ 1.5 - 8 + 10 ⋅ 5))
Ra ≔ ―――――――――――
7

Ra = 6.857

Σ Fy=0

Ra + Rb ＝ 10 + 5 + 3 ⋅ 3 - Rb

Rb ≔ 10 + 5 + 3 ⋅ 3 - 6.857
Rb = 17.143

Analizamos por cortes para hallar el diagrama:

CORTE 1-1' 0<x<2

Σ Fy = 0
48
V ((x)) ≔ ― = 6.857
7
Σ Mo = 0
48
M ((x)) ≔ ― x
7
M ((0)) = 0 M ((2)) = 13.714

CORTE 2-2' 2<x<4

 Σ Fy = 0
48
V ((x)) ≔ ― - 10
7
V ((2)) = -3.143
V ((4)) = -3.143

Σ Mo = 0
48
M ((x)) ≔ ― x - 10 ((x - 2))
7
M ((2)) = 13.714
M ((4)) = 7.429

CORTE 3-3' 4<x<7

Σ Fy = 0
48
V ((x)) ≔ ― - 10 - 3 ((x - 4))
7
V ((4)) = -3.143
V ((7)) = -12.143

Σ Mo = 0
2
48 3 ((x - 4))
M ((x)) ≔ ― x - 10 ((x - 2)) + 8 - ――――
7 2
M ((4)) = 15.429

M ((7)) = -7.5

CORTE 4-4' 7 < x < 8.5

Σ Fy = 0
48 120
V ((x)) ≔ ― - 10 - 3 ((3)) + ――
7 7
V ((7)) = 5
V ((8.5)) = 5

Σ Mo = 0
48 120
M ((x)) ≔ ― x - 10 ((x - 2)) + 8 - 9 ((x - 5.5)) + ―― ((x - 7))
7 7
M ((7)) = -7.5

M ((8.5)) = 0

Diagrama de Cortante y Momento

DFC
 FIGURA 1

Hallamos la coordenada del centro de gravedad

Dividimos en dos secciones

A1 ⋅ X1 + ⎛⎝A2 ⋅ X2⎞⎠ + A3 ⋅ X3
yt ＝ ――――――――
A1 + A2 + A3
Reemplazamos

⎛a⎞
((2 ⋅ a ⋅ a)) ⋅ 2 ⋅ a + ((((a)) ⋅ ((2.5 ⋅ a)))) ⋅ ⎜―⎟ + a ⋅ ((2.5 ⋅ a)) ⋅ ((3.5 ⋅ a))
⎝2⎠ 8.75 ⋅ a 3 + 4 ⋅ a 3 + 1.25 ⋅ a 3
yt ＝ ――――――――――――――――――― → yt ＝ ―――――――――
―
2 ⋅ a ⋅ a + 2.5 ⋅ a ⋅ a + 2.5 ⋅ a ⋅ a 2 ⋅ a 2 + 5.0 ⋅ a 2

14 ⋅ a 2
yt ＝ ――― ＝2 a
7⋅a
yc ＝ 4 ⋅ a - 2. a ＝ 2 a

Calculo de Momento de Inercia

I ＝ ⎛⎝I1 + A1 ⋅ X1 2 ⎞⎠ + ⎛⎝I2 + A2 ⋅ X2 2 ⎞⎠ + ⎛⎝I3 + A3 ⋅ X3 2 ⎞⎠

Inercia de un rectangulo:
 Inercia de un rectangulo:

bh 3
I ＝ ――
12

⎛ 3 2⎞
⎛ 2.5 ⋅ a ⋅ a 3 ⎛ 2⎞
a ⋅ ((2. a)) ⎛ a⎞ 2⎞ 2.5 ⋅ a ⋅ a 3 ⎛ a⎞
Ito ＝ ⎜―――― + a ⋅ 2 ⋅ a ⋅ ⎜2 a - ―⎟ ⎟ + ⎜―――― + 2.5 ⋅ a ⋅ a ⋅ ((2 ⋅ a - a)) ⎟ + ⎜―――― + 2.5 ⋅ a ⋅ a ⋅ ⎜2.5 ⋅ a - ―⎟ ⎟
⎜⎝ 12 ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎟⎠ ⎝ 12 ⎠ ⎜⎝ 12 ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎟⎠

9 ⋅ a4
Ito ＝ ――+ 2.5 ⋅ a 4 + 10.0 ⋅ a 4 + 0.67 ⋅ a 4 + 0.42 ⋅ a 4
2

Ito ＝ 18.09 ⋅ a 4

108
Mmax ≔ ―― T.m
7
Ymax ＝ 2 ⋅ a
Mmax ⋅ Ymax
σ ＝ ―――――
Ito

Reemplazamos

108
―― ⋅ ((2 ⋅ a))
7
4 ＝ ――――
18.09 ⋅ a 4

1.71
a 3 ＝ ――
4
a 3 ＝ 0.4275

3
a＝ ‾‾‾‾‾‾
0.4275

a ＝ 0.753 m
FIGURA 2

Hallamos la coordenada del centro de gravedad

Dividimos en dos secciones

A1 ⋅ X1 + ⎛⎝A2 ⋅ X2⎞⎠
yt ＝ ――――――
A1 + A2
Reemplazamos

⎛a⎞
4 a ⋅ a ⋅ ⎜―⎟ + a ⋅ ((3 ⋅ a)) ⋅ ((2.5 ⋅ a))
⎝2⎠ 2 ⋅ a 3 + 7.5 ⋅ a 3
yt1 ＝ ―――――――――― ― → yt1 ＝ ―――――
4⋅a⋅a+3⋅a⋅a 7 ⋅ a2

9.5 ⋅ a 2
yt1 ＝ ―――
7⋅a
yt1 ＝ 1.36 ⋅ a

yc1 ＝ 4 ⋅ a - 1.36 ⋅ a ＝ 2.64 ⋅ a

 yt1 ＝ 1.36 ⋅ a

yc1 ＝ 4 ⋅ a - 1.36 ⋅ a ＝ 2.64 ⋅ a

Calculo de Momento de Inercia

I ＝ ⎛⎝I1 + A1 ⋅ X1 2 ⎞⎠ + ⎛⎝I2 + A2 ⋅ X2 2 ⎞⎠

Inercia de un rectangulo:
bh 3
I ＝ ――
12

⎛ 2⎞ ⎛ 3 ⎞
a ⋅ 3 ⋅ a3 ⎛ a⎞ a ⋅ ((3 ⋅ a)) 2
It1 ＝ ⎜―――+ a ⋅ 3 ⋅ a ⋅ ⎜1.36 ⋅ a - ―⎟ ⎟ + ⎜―――― + 3 ⋅ a ⋅ a ⋅ ((2.64 ⋅ a - 1.5 ⋅ a)) ⎟
⎜⎝ 12 ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ 12 ⎟⎠

It1 ＝ 8.6176 ⋅ a 4

108
Mmax ≔ ―― T.m
7
Ymax ＝ 2.64 ⋅ a
Mmax ⋅ Ymax
σ ＝ ―――――
Ito

Reemplazamos

108
―― ⋅ ((2.64 ⋅ a))
7
4 ＝ ―――――
17.58 a 4

2.32
a 3 ＝ ――
4
a 3 ＝ 0.58
3
a＝ ‾‾‾‾
0.58

a ＝ 0.834 m