CLEXANE

Contents
Enoxaparin Na
Indications
Prophylaxis of VTE disease, in particular those which may be associated w/ orthopedic or
general surgery. Prophylaxis of VTE in medical patients bedridden due to acute illnesses
including cardiac insufficiency, resp failure, severe infections, rheumatic diseases. Treatment of
deep vein thrombosis w/ or w/o pulmonary embolism; prevention of thrombus formation in
extracorporeal circulation during hemodialysis; treatment of unstable angina & non-Q wave MI,
administered concurrently w/ aspirin.
Dosage
Prophylaxis of venous thrombosis In surgical patients, give 1st inj 2 hr before surgical
procedure. In orthopedic surgery, give initial dose 12 hr pre-op. Patient w/ moderate risk of
thromboembolism 20 mg SC once daily. Patient w/ high risk of thromboembolism 40 mg SC
once daily. Ave duration: 7-10 days. May continue therapy at 40 mg once daily for 3 wk esp in
orthopedic surgery. Prophylaxis of VTE in medical patients 40 mg once daily by SC inj for a
min of 6 days & continued until return to full ambulation. Max: 14 days. Treatment of DVT w/
or w/o pulmonary embolism By SC inj 1.5 mg/kg once daily or 1 mg/kg bid. Complicated
thromboembolic disorders 1 mg/kg bid. Ave duration: 10 days. Prevention of extracorporeal
thrombus during hemodialysis 1 mg/kg introduced into the arterial line of the circuit prior to
hemodialysis, sufficient for a 4-hr session. For longer sessions, additional dose of 0.5-1 mg/kg
may be given. For patients w/ high risk of hemorrhage, dose reduced to 0.5 mg/kg for double
vascular access or 0.75 mg/kg for single vascular access. Treatment of unstable angina & non-
Q-wave MI 1 mg/kg 12 hrly by SC inj w/ aspirin (100-325 mg orally) for min of 2 days &
continue until clinically stabilized (usual duration of treatment is 2-8 days).
Overdosage
View Clexane overdosage for action to be taken in the event of an overdose.
Contraindications
Conditions w/ a high risk of uncontrolled hemorrhage including major bleeding disorders.
Hypersensitivity to enoxaparin Na, heparin or its derivatives including other low MW heparins.
Warnings
For additional cautionary notes to warn of the potential risk of using the medicine... click to view
Special Precautions
History of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia w/ or w/o thrombosis. Do not administer by IM
route. Renal or hepatic insufficiency, history of hepatic ulcer, arterial HTN, diabetic retinopathy,
shortly after neuro or ophth surgery. Monitor platelet count (discontinue if there is decrease of
30-50% of the initial value).
Adverse Drug Reactions
Hemorrhage. Thrombocytopenia. Local reactions (exceptionally small local hematoma).
Exceptional cases of skin necrosis (discontinue treatment). Rarely, cutaneous or systemic allergic
reactions. Increase in liver enzymes, platelet counts. Hypersensitivity cutaneous vasculitis.
View ADR Monitoring Website
Drug Interactions
Agents which may enhance the risk of hemorrhage (anticoagulants, platelet inhibitors including
acetylsalicylic acid, salicylates, NSAIDs including ketorolac tromethamine, dipyridamole,
sulfinpyrazone) should be discontinued prior to initiation of therapy. If co-administration is
essential, close clinical & laboratory monitoring should be conducted.
View more drug interactions with Clexane
ZEPIM

Contents
Cefepime HCl
Indications
Treatment of infections due to susceptible organisms eg UTI, resp tract & skin infections.
Dosage
By deep IM or IV infusion over at least 30 min. Adult Moderate to severe pneumonia 1-2 g 12
hrly for 10 days. Empiric therapy for febrile neutropenia 2 g 8 hrly for 7 days. Mild to
moderate uncomplicated or complicated UTI 0.5-1 g 12 hrly for 7-10 days. Severe
uncomplicated or complicated UTI &/or moderate to severe uncomplicated skin & skin
structure infections 2 g 12 hrly for 10 days. Complicated intra-abdominal infections (used in
combination w/ metronidazole) 2 g 12 hrly for 7-10 days. Childn >2 mth up to 40 kg wt 50
mg/kg bid. Febrile neutropenia 50 mg/kg tid.
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to cephalosporins, penicillins or other β-lactam antibiotics.
Special Precautions
History of GI disease esp colitis, renal or hepatic impairment. Pregnancy & lactation.
Adverse Drug Reactions
Rash, local reactions, diarrhea, nausea, phlebitis, pain inflammation, pruritus, fever, headache,
+ve Coombs' test.
View ADR Monitoring Website
Drug Interactions
Diuretics eg furosemide.
View more drug interactions with Zepim
Pregnancy Category (US FDA)

Category B: Either animal-reproduction studies have not demonstrated a foetal risk but there are
no controlled studies in pregnant women or animal-reproduction studies have shown an adverse
effect (other than a decrease in fertility) that was not confirmed in controlled studies in women in
the 1st trimester (and there is no evidence of a risk in later trimesters).
MIMS Class
Cephalosporins
LACTULOSE

Contents
Lactulose
Indications
Constipation associated w/ ped problems, post-op; pregnancy & postnatal period; bedridden &
geriatric patients; surgical procedures; painful rectal & anal conditions; laxative dependence;
barium x-ray investigations; drug-induced constipation.
Dosage
Starting dose: Adult 15-45 mL/day. Childn 7-14 yr 15 mL/day, 1-6 yr 5-10 mL/day. Infant 5
mL/day. Maintenance: Adult 10-25 mL/day. Childn 7-14 yr 10 mL/day, 1-6 yr 5-10 mL/day.
Infant 5 mL/day.
Overdosage
View Duphalac overdosage for action to be taken in the event of an overdose.
Administration
May be taken with or without food (May be taken w/ meals to reduce GI discomfort. For
constipation & the production of soft stools: preferably taken in one time during breakfast.).
Contraindications
Galactosemia, bowel obstruction, hypersensitivity.
Special Precautions
Lactose intolerance.
Adverse Drug Reactions
Flatulence, diarrhea.
View ADR Monitoring Website
Drug Interactions
Drugs that have a colon pH-dependent release may be inactivated.
View more drug interactions with Duphalac
Pregnancy Category (US FDA)

Category B: Either animal-reproduction studies have not demonstrated a foetal risk but there are
no controlled studies in pregnant women or animal-reproduction studies have shown an adverse
effect (other than a decrease in fertility) that was not confirmed in controlled studies in women in
the 1st trimester (and there is no evidence of a risk in later trimesters).
Storage
View Duphalac storage conditions for details to ensure optimal shelf-life.
Description
View Duphalac description for details of the chemical structure and excipients (inactive
components).
Mechanism of Action
View Duphalac mechanism of action for pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics details.
MIMS Class
Laxatives, Purgatives
ATC Classification
A06AD11 - Lactulose ; Belongs to the class of osmotically acting laxatives.
Poison Schedule
Rx
Kalium® [durule]
AstraZeneca [ Zuellig ]
MIMS Class : Electrolytes

See related Kalium durule information

Contents KCl (equiv to 9.8 mEq) 750 mg

Indications Hypokalemia. Prophylaxis during treatment w/ diuretics.
Dosage Adult & elderly Prophylaxis 2 durules daily. Hypokalemia Adjust dosage
according to serum K level. Suggested dose: 2 durules bid or more until
serum K is restored to normal, then prophylactic dosage.
Administration Should be taken with food (Swallow whole w/ 1/2 glass of liqd, do not
break/chew/crush. Do not administer to a patient in a supine position.).
Contraindications Renal insufficiency, hyperkalemia, untreated Addison's disease, constriction
of the esophagus &/or obstructive changes in the alimentary tract.
Special Obstructive changes in the alimentary tract, constriction of the esophagus.
Precautions Heart/kidney disease. Pregnancy & lactation.
Drug Interactions K salts & K-sparing diuretics, eg spironolactone. Amiloride, triamterene,
tacrolimus, ACE inhibitors.
View more drug interactions with Kalium
MIMS Class Electrolytes
ATC A12BA01 - Potassium chloride ; Belongs to the class of potassium-
Classification containing preparations. Used as dietary supplements.