Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2014
Devender Sharma
Independent Researcher
In Guidance of Mr. Devendra Sharma
Psychoanalysis of Prince Hamlet
Since this theory, „closet scene‟ in which Hamlet confronts his mother in her
private quarters has been portrayed in a sexual light in several performances Hamlet is
played as scolding his mother for having sex with Claudius while simultaneously lover
and hates about his mother. Ophellia‟s madness after her father‟s death may be read
through the Freudian lens as a reaction to the death of her hoped for lover, her father.
Her unrequited love for him suddenly slain is too much for her and she drifts into
insanity.
Later in the same book, having used psychoanalysis to explain Hamlet, Freud
uses Hamlet to explain the nature of dreams: in disguising himself as a madman and
adopting the license of the fool, Hamlet “was behaving Justas dreams do in reality {:}
concealing the true circumstances under a cloak of wit and unintelligibility”. When we
sleep, each of us adopts an „antic disposition‟.
Hamlet is even more disgusted due to the fact that Claudius is his Father‟s
brother and to Hamlet this seems to be incestuous, indeed the ghost of Hamlet‟s Father
calls Claudius that incestuous, that adulterate beast. This remarks seems to add a
spark of jealousy to Hamlet‟s anger which is manifested in the sniping remarks that he
makes to Claudius.
In the opening scenes of Hamlet the family unit has been altered to include
Claudius as the father which places Hamlet in the rather difficult position of having in
choose between the two father figures. In order to assume a masculine identity Hamlet
must take on the characteristic of his father and, due to the fact that he is confronted by
two father figures, Hamlet must kill the false father (a situation that Shakespeare had
previously used to effect in Henry IV). Hamlet has clearly idolized his father for years
(comparing him to Hyperion, the Sun-king) a fact borne out by the impassioned speech
which he delivers to his mother when he compares to his father to Claudius.
Therefore, when Hamlet‟s father is murdered and Gertrude remarries rather too
swiftly for Hamlet‟s liking, He feels that he must avenge his father‟s death in his role as
a dutiful son. In doing so Hamlet can gain the respect of his father and act out the role
of main authority figure which his father has done. That is to say that Hamlet could take
on the characteristic of the father he had idolized whereby mentally fulfilling the wishes
of the Odipus Complex. Wish fulfillment is the desire unconsciously motivated, to attain
those thing that provide us with pleasure. This pleasure may or may not be the best
thing for our psyche but this does not stop the id from desiring it and ego from trying to
keep the id happy.
In her work suffocating Mothers‟ Janet Adelman states that Hamlet is a play that
centres on the crisis of the masculine subject and its “radical confrontation with the
sexualized maternal body”, foregrounds male anxiety about mothers, female sexualities
and hence, sexuality itself. Hamlet‟s relationship with his mother is obviously the most
important aspect of this play but while this is the case, we know very little about
Gertrude herself. She is not a powerful character and the play shows very little of her
true persona. She is not a wicketed woman and she is not a bad mother to Hamlet,
vowing to help him and using her last breath to address her son rather than her
husband Gertrude is a woman who knows exactly what is going and never says
anything. She knows how her husband killed and by who but realizes that it is good idea
to remain silent on this matter.
According to Freud, whatever route is taken into the unconscious what you find
there almost always about sex. The contents of the unconscious consists primarily of
sexual desire which have been repressed. Freud states that sexual desires are
instinctual, and that they appear in the most fundamental acts in the process of
nurturing, like in a mother nursing an infant. The instincts for food, warmth, and comfort,
which have survival value for an infant, also produce pleasure which Freud defines
specifically as sexual pleasure. He says our first experiences of our bodies are
organized through how we experience sexual pleasure. He divides the infant‟s
experience of its body into certain erotogenic zones, the first of which is the mouth, as
the baby feels sexual pleasure in his mouth while nursing because the act of sucking is
pleasurable, the baby forms a bond with the mother that goes beyond satisfying the
baby‟s hunger.
Hamlet contains many elements that would later show up in Gothic Literature.
From the growing madness of prince Hamlet, to the violent ending to the constant
reminders of the death, to, even, more subtly, the notions of humankind and its structure
and the viewpoints on women, Hamlet evokes many things that would recur in what is
widely regarded as the first piece of Gothic literature, Horce Walpol‟s „The Castle of
Otranto‟, and in other Gothic works. Hamlet formulate a compelling theory of the play
that places the prince at the centre of the Renaissance conflict between Ancient and
Christian notions of Heroism. Cantor says that the Renaissance signified, “rebirth of
classical antiquity within a Christian culture”. But such a rebirth brought with it a deep
contradiction: Christ‟s teachings of humility and meekness are in direct conflict in the
ancient ethos that is best represented by Achilles‟ violent action in the „Iliad‟.
For Cantor, the character of Hamlet exists exactly where two worlds collide. He is
in one sense drawn towards the active side of heroism by his father‟s legacy and the
need for revenge. Simultaneously though, he is pulled to words a religious existence
and in some sense sees his father‟s return as a ghost as justification for just such a
belief. The conflict is perhaps most evidence in Act-III, scene III when Hamlet has the
opportunity to kill the praying Claudius. He restrains himself though, justifying his further
hesitation with the following lines.
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Bibliography
Adelman, J. Suffocating Mothers (Fantasies of Maternal Origin in Shakespeare‟s Plays.