Davao Doctors College

Senior High School Department

_________________________

The Efficacy of Jackfruit Sap as an

Alternative Ingredient for Glue

_________________________

A Research Paper Presented to

the Senior High School Department
of the Davao Doctors College, Inc.
General Malvar Street, Davao City

_________________________

Grade 12 – NEWTON

Inato, Portillo, Saracanlao, Solis, Vega, Villa

March 2019
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The researchers expresses their sincere appreciation to the following people for

their generous and outstanding support, inspiration and professional direction.

Sir Palle Gumarao, the researchers’ research adviser, for his precious time,

knowledge and professional assistance extended.

Sir Albert Griar for his suggestion and recommendations for the finalization of this

work and his expertise in statistics.

Sincere appreciation is extended to the friends and classmates of the researchers

who extended their utmost support and help in completing the study.

To the researchers’ family who caters them during long nights of studying and

conducting of the experiments and never failed to show them their utmost love and

support, morally and financially.

Above all, to the Almighty God, for giving the researchers the strength, wisdom

and sustaining grace.

 ABSTRACT

The research was conducted at Davao Doctors College, Inc. located at Gen.

Malvar St., Davao City. The aim of this study is to produce an alternative glue using

organic materials. The researchers used Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) as an

alternative component for glue. This study employed an experimental type of research

design. Due to the lack of time and financial resources, instead of going to a laboratory,

the researchers conducted a survey to 30 respondents to know the difference between

the glue made of Jackfruit and the commercial glue. T-test analysis shows that there is a

significant difference between the two in terms of color, odor and stickiness. Also, when

the product is applied to different surfaces of paper, it dries quicker on thinner ones.

Nevertheless, the glue made out of Jackfruit is an effective alternative glue. Future studies

must modify the processes in making the product in this research—that would also

include having different ratios and proportions of the ingredients used in order to make a

more effective paste. It is also recommendable to utilize the different parts of the fruits

used.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

Title Page i

Acknowledgement ii

Certification of English Editing iii

Abstract iv

Table of Contents v

Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM

Introduction

Conceptual Framework

Statement of the Problem

Hypothesis

Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Related Literature and Studies

Chapter 3

METHODOLOGY

Research Questions

Research Design

Research Instruments

Date Gathering Procedure

 Data Analysis

Chapter 4

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Findings of the study

Chapter 5

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary

Conclusion

Recommendations

REFERENCES

APPENDICES
 LIST OF TABLES

Table Page

1 Significant difference between the Jackfruit sap glue and the 25

commercial glue

2 Drying duration on different surfaces of paper 25

 Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM OF THE STUDY

Introduction

Glue is one of the oldest and most versatile adhesives. From the white glue used

in household crafts to the commercial-grade glues utilized in furniture and even

automobile manufacturing, glue is basically part of the everyday life. Glue came into being

when ancient tribes discovered that the bones, hides, skin, sinew, and other connective

tissues from animals could be processed to remove collagen, the protein in these tissues

(Mazur, 2013). The collagen was sticky and was useful for holding things together.

However, nowadays, many products marketed as glue are in fact synthetic

adhesives made with polyvinyl acetate (PVA) emulsions. According to Encyclopedia

Brittanica, PVA is a synthetic resin prepared by the polymerization of vinyl acetate. It is a

type of thermoplastic – a polymer that melts when heated and hardens when cooled.

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry stated that exposure to high levels

(around 1,000 ppm) of vinyl acetate in air for a couple of weeks caused irritation of the

eyes, nose, throat, and lungs of laboratory animals. Vinyl acetate at levels around 200

ppm caused irritation to the respiratory tract and nose when it was breathed by rats and

mice for up to 2 years. In this same study, damage to the lungs (congestion and increased

lung weight) was seen in rats at 200 and 600 ppm and in mice at 600 ppm vinyl acetate.

Studies with animals also suggest that breathing vinyl acetate may affect the immune

system and nervous system. The extent and way in which vinyl acetate affects these

systems is not well understood. Vinyl acetate caused tumors in the noses of rats that
breathed 600 ppm for 2 years. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)

in 2014 has determined that vinyl acetate is possibly carcinogenic to humans.

According to Karen Gill (2018), sniffing glue is a life-threatening act. Even if the

result is not fatal, it can cause damage to the nervous and respiratory organs most

especially the lungs and the brain. In the Philippines, toluene – an aromatic hydrocarbon

which is a component in glue - has been abused by high school kids as stated by A.J.

Dela Torre (2009) in an article. According to him, the kids have been addicted to the

toluene that they constantly sniff it and use it as an inhalant. In the local setting,

specifically in San Pedro Ave., authorities have caught a lot of teenagers in a euphoric

state due to huffing and inhaling the toluene found in glue (Tabaco, 2017). The effect of

one glue-sniffing attempt could be more or less severe than earlier or subsequent

experiences. Due to this, the researchers conducted a study that would come up with an

alternative ingredient for glue which is more organic and safe.

Jackfruit sap can be an alternative ingredient in producing glue. Jackfruit

(Artocarpus heterophyllus) is one of the most significant trees in tropical home gardens

and perhaps the most widespread and useful tree in the important genus Artocarpus. It

is one of the most considered fruits by the farmers and can grow well in equatorial to

subtropical maritime climates. In 2013, Statista reported that the production of Jackfruit

in the Philippines amounted to about 46, 080 metric tons. Jackfruit (Artocarpus

heterophyllus) contains latex, that is used for trapping birdlime and insects, could be an

essential ingredient in making adhesives (Elevitch and Manner, 2010). The latex found in

jackfruits contains bacteriolytic value comparable to that of papaya latex.

 This study seeks to know if the sap extracted from Jackfruit (Artocarpus

heterophyllus) can be used as an alternative ingredient in making and producing glue.

The main goal of this study is to create an alternative glue that is organic and safe. Also,

due to the rising price of commercial glue in the market, the researchers have come up

with an idea of a homemade glue using the materials that can just be accumulated easily.

Significance of the Study

This study will be beneficial to the following:

Students. The product of this study would be helpful for them especially in doing

school projects that needs binding materials. It would also be of safer use to them since

the materials used are organic.

Parents. It will be of great benefit to them since they won’t have to worry about

having their kids, especially the smaller ones, sniff and inhale the glue because it is

organic and does not have any toxic materials in its components.

Businessmen. It would be a great venture for them to discover a new invention

with a much cheaper material that can be expanded into large quantities.

Future Researchers. The results of this research will serve as a baseline data for

them to conduct the same study, with different materials, to validate findings.
Scope and Limitations

The focus of this study is to prove the efficacy of Jackfruit (Artocarpus

heterophyllus) as an adhesive by producing glue out of Jackfruit (Artocarpus

heterophyllus) sap. This research is to be conducted on the second semester of the SY

2018-2019. The pursuit for the materials that will be used for the study will be bounded

only in Mindanao, specifically, in the province of Davao del Sur.

The product may take less than two days to make due to the collection of Jackfruit

(Artocarpus heterophyllus) as well as performing the process involved. The study is

limited only to the usage of the sap of Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus). Other parts of

the fruit will not be involved in the experiment.

Conceptual Framework

Extracted
Jackfruit
then Glue
sap
thickened

Fig. 1. IPO Model – Efficacy of Jackfruit as an Alternative Glue

Figure 1 describes the conceptual framework of the study wherein the Jackfruit

sap is the independent variable in this study and the glue is the dependent variable. The

input in this paradigm is the Jackfruit sap which is the independent variable. The

thickening process will be done to produce the desired output, which is the glue, using
the Jackfruit sap with the aid of extenders such as flour and water. The researcher aims

to know the efficacy of Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) sap as an alternative glue.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to know the efficacy of Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) as

glue. The study seeks to answer the following questions:

1. Is there any significant difference between the glue made out of Jackfruit

(Artocarpus heterophyllus) and the commercial glue in terms of:

a. Odor

b. Appearance

c. Stickiness

2. How long does it take to dry in different surfaces of paper?

3. Is the Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) sap an effective alternative ingredient in

producing glue?

Hypotheses

This study aims to know the efficacy of Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) as an

alternative ingredient for glue. The study aims to test the following hypotheses:

Ho: There is no significant difference between the glue made out of Jackfruit (Artocarpus

heterophyllus) and the commercial glue.

Ha: There is a significant difference between the glue made out of Jackfruit (Artocarpus

heterophyllus) and the commercial glue.

 Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus)

Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) is one of the most significant trees in home

gardens and perhaps the most widespread and useful tree in the genus Artocarpus. It is

a medium-sized amaranthine tree mostly reaching 8-25 meters in height that is easily

identified through its fruit, the largest among cultivated plants. Its luscious, fragrant and

delicious fruit is eaten or preserved in different ways (Elevitch and Manner, 2010).

In the Philippines, agriculture is one of the primary sources of income. Different

kinds of crops, fruits and vegetables are planted by farmers in rural areas to supply the

food production in the urban area and in exchange, they would get a profit in it. Jackfruit

is one of the considered backyard crop by the farmers to plant since it is harvested all-

year round with peak period during April or May (Espino & Espino, n.d). In 2013, Statista

reported that the production of Jackfruit in the Philippines amounted to about 46, 080

metric tons. From the year 2008, a minimal increase in the annual growth rate of 0.15%

had been observed. On the regional level, the main growing areas are Western Visayas

(1, 813 ha), Zamboanga Peninsula (1, 769 ha), Bicol Region (1, 668 ha), Northern

Mindanao (1, 559 ha) and CALABARZON (1, 557 ha). In the Davao region, 903 ha has

been recorded as of the year 2013. In lieu with these results, Jackfruit production in the

country has been constantly growing over the years.

Uses of Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus)

Jackfruit has many uses. It can also be utilized in different environmental services.

It cannot be easily blown by the wind so it is mostly used in making a fence or hurdle. In

the meadow, its fallen fruit can be used as food for the animals. It can also offer its shade

to coffee, pepper, betel nut, and cardamom plants. In gardens, its thick branches

shouldering the dense canopy leaves can provide a visual screen. Gamboa (2013)

aforementioned in a descriptive study that the Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) tree is

easy to grow and is more adaptable than some of the other common Artocarpus species.

It is also not considered an intrusive species.

Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) has also served different functions for

humans. Its seeds has been reported to contain high levels of protein, starch, calcium,

and thiamine (Burkill, 2014). Humans have relished its seeds by cooking it boiled, roasted

or preserved in a syrup like chestnuts. Its fruits are most likely eaten fresh or is processed

into numerous delicacies including jam, jelly, and chutney. The tree has also been

considered to acquire medicinal properties. In 2012, Morton reported that the Chinese

considered the fruit’s pulp and seeds as a stimulant. She also stated that they also found

the fruit to be useful in overcoming the influence of alcohol in the system. Jack leaf’s

poultices can be applied hot on bruises, blows, or wounds to reduce inflammation and

help healing (Jackfruit properties, n.d.). The ash of jackfruit leaves, burned with corn and

coconut shells, is used alone or mixed with coconut oil to heal ulcers. The dried latex

yields artostenone, convertible to artosterone, a compound with marked androgenic

action (having male hormone activity). Mixed with vinegar, the latex promotes healing of

abscesses, snakebite and glandular swellings (Swami et. al., 2012).

 Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) has also been utilize for industrial purposes.

Its branches and trunk are burned for fuel wood. In the province of Cebu, Philippines, the

wood is highly prized for making guitars, ukuleles, and other musical instruments

(Everything Cebu, 2010). The heated latex can be used as glue for mending chinaware

and pottery and as caulking for boats and buckets. The latex contains resins that may

have use in varnishes. The latex also has bacteriolytic value comparable to that of papaya

latex (Gamboa, 2013). Additionally, the sticky latex is used for trapping birds (birdlime)

and for insect traps. The bark contains 3.3 % tannin (Prakash et. al., 2009). Tannin is a

dye, which is used to give the famous orange-red color to the robes of Buddhist priests.

Glue

Glue is a common adhesive used in schools, houses, offices and even in

construction. Cambridge Dictionary defines glue as a “sticky substance that is used for

joining things together permanently, produced from animal bones and skins or by

a chemical process”.

Glue came into being when ancient tribes discovered that the bones, hides, skin,

sinew, and other connective tissues from animals could be processed to remove collagen,

the protein in these tissues (Mazur, 2013). The collagen was sticky and was useful for

holding things together. Milk solids, known as casein, and blood albumin can also be used

as a basis for glue. Dried serum from cows' blood yields albumin that coagulates (clumps

together) when it is heated and becomes insoluble in water.

 Also, in a study conducted by Forrest Wickman (2012), he found out that horses

are very efficient in making glue. This is due to the abundant collagen found in their bones.

Collagen is one of the key ingredient in most animal glues, as it can be made into a gelatin

that’s sticky when wet but hardens when it dries. The word collagen actually derives from

the Greek kolla, meaning glue, and the suffix -gen, meaning producer. As large, muscled

animals, horses contain lots of this glue producer. But most of the glue companies uses

pigs and cattle as the main component of their product.

Due to the high price of commercial glue in the market and also to conserve the

lives of the animals that were slaughtered to make glue, many researchers sought for

alternative materials to produce glue.

Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) as alternative Glue

In the University of Sto. Tomas in 2013, a study was made about having Okra

(Abelmoschus esculentus) as alternative Glue. The study made use of the Okra pods

because it contains mucilage which gives it slimy characteristic and is a good potential as

an alternative glue. The researcher conducted its experimentation by extracting the

mucilage of the okra. After extracting, the researcher mixed its mucilage with water and

flour. After the experiment, the product came out as effective though it did not actually

outdo the commercial glue.

Milk as an alternative glue

Tecson (2014) conducted an experimental study on the feasibility of milk as an

alternative glue. She put the skimmed milk, vinegar and water in a heated pan and let it

boil. As a result, the glue made out of milk was deemed effective.
Star apple (Chrysophyllum cainito) sap as an alternative glue

In 2016 (N.A.), a study about star apple sap as an alternative glue was conducted.

The researcher extracted the sap from the fruit and put it in a closed container. After a

day, the researcher tested the product in different kinds of paper and it was proven that

the star apple (Chrysophyllum cainito) sap is a feasible alternative component for glue.

The feasibility of Banana (Musa acuminata) and Jackfruit (Artocarpus

heterophyllus) as alternative glue

Fulgencio et. al. (2014) tested the feasibility of Banana (Musa acuminata) and

Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) as alternative glue. The researcher pounded and

blended together the minced banana and jackfruit. To test its efficacy, they bonded

different kinds of paper. The result had omitted a positive result.

 Chapter 3
METHODOLOGY

Research Design

This study employs an experimental design in testing the efficacy of Jackfruit

(Artocarpus heterophyllus) sap as an alternative main ingredient for glue. Adi Bhat (2018)

defined experimental research design as “any research conducted with a scientific

approach, where a set of variables are kept constant while the other set of variables are

being measured as the subject of experiment”.

In this study, the independent variable will be the Jackfruit (Artocarpus

heterophyllus) sap. The dependent variable or the criterion will be the glue. Extraneous

variables that will serve as extenders, since the sap, alone, cannot stand as an applicable

adhesive, will be present.

Research Instruments

The instrument that will be employed in this study is the survey questionnaire for

the student respondents. The questionnaire will comprise of questions that would seek to

know the difference of the commercial glue and the glue made out of Jackfruit sap. The

survey questionnaire would be divided into two parts: the first part would seek to know if

the commercial glue is better than the glue made out of Jackfruit sap. The second part is

to know if the glue made out of Jackfruit sap is better than the commercial glue. Each part

would be composed of 9-items the answers to which follow a four-point Likert-type scale.

4 would be interpreted as “Strongly Agree”, 3 as “Agree”, 2 as “Disagree” and 1 as

“Strongly Disagree”. Refer to the appendices for the survey questionnaire.

Data Gathering Procedure

The Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) would be acquired by the researchers by

going to a plantation that supplies the fruit that would be used for the study. The Jackfruit

plantation is located in Los Amigos, Calinan, Davao City. After buying the amount of fruit

that would be sufficient for the study, an experiment will be conducted in the Science

Laboratory of Davao Doctors College.

Due to the limited time and lack of financial resources, the product would not

undergo a laboratory test to know the difference between the commercial glue and the

glue made out of Jackfruit sap instead a survey will be administered by the researchers

to the Grade 12-STEM students of Davao Doctors College. The researchers chose the

Grade 12-STEM students since it is more convenient and the researchers belonged to

the same population and would have no difficulty in approaching the subjects. The

questionnaires will be retrieved right away after the respondents have answered them all.

Data Analysis

To answer the statement of the problem and analyze the data gathered, statistical

methods will be employed. The following statistical methods will be used:

1. Weighted mean. To look into the average of some elements with different
weights on the result than other elements in the set.

Σ𝑓𝑥
Formula: 𝑊𝑀 = 𝑁

Where: WM – weighted mean

Σfx - sum of the products of the frequency with weights
N – Sample size
 2. T-test. To determine if there is a significant difference between the means of two
groups which may be related in certain features.

̅𝑥̅̅1̅−𝑥
̅̅̅2̅
Formula: 𝑡 =
𝑠 2
𝑠 2
√ 1+ 2
𝑛1 𝑛2

Where: t – t-test value

𝑥̅ – Sample Mean

S – Standard Deviation
N – Number of samples
Flowchart of Methodology

Materials:

 1 Jackfruit

 1/3 cup of flour

 ½ cup of water

 1/3 cup of vinegar

 1 Closed container
 a. Acquisition

Procedure Flow

1. Start.
Start
2. Ingredients used in the study are

bought from the public market. The

main ingredient, Jackfruit, will be Buying of

ingredients
acquired from a supplier which is

located in Los Amigos, Calinan,

Quality Check
Davao City.
Yes No
3. The quality of the materials will be

checked. If the materials cannot Weighing of Discard

Raw Materials
pass the quality check, it will be Materials

discarded and must be replaced

Purchasing of
End new
with another.
materials
4. The ingredients will be weighed

according to the measurements the

experiment will be needing.

5. End.

Fig. 2. Raw Material and Acquisition

 b. Processing the Raw Materials

Procedure Flow

1. Start.
Start

2. Preparation of raw materials

(Jackfruit sap, flour, water, vinegar) Preparation of

Raw Materials
3. Preparation of equipment (graduated
Preparation of
cylinder, stirring rod, and a container Equipment

with a cap).
Extraction of
4. Extraction of the Jackfruit sap. Jackfruit sap

5. Thickening of the mixture of all

Thickening of
Mixture
ingredients.

6. Storing the product. Storage of Product

7. Packaging the product for

Packaging of the
presentation.
product

8. Cleaning and restoration of the

Cleaning and
equipment used. restoration of the
equipment used
9. End.

End

Fig. 3. Production Process

Before starting the experiment, the ingredients must be prepared. The experiment

would be needing 1 teaspoon of the extracted Jackfruit sap, one-third (1/3) cup of flour,
a half (1/2) cup of water, and one-third (1/3) tablespoon of vinegar. After preparing the

ingredients, the equipment will be prepared next. A graduated cylinder, measuring cups,

container with a cap, pot, stove and a stirring rod will be needed. After preparing all the

materials and equipment, start with the experiment by heating the water in the pot. When

the water comes to a boil, put the Jackfruit sap in the boiling water and leave for about 1-

2 minutes. When the sap mix with the water, add the flour then stir. Stir thoroughly to

avoid getting clumps. Add the vinegar. Stir gradually until mixture thickens. Let it cool.

When the mixture cools, put the finished product in a closed container.
 Chapter 4

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Findings of the Study

This chapter presents the results consolidated from the adapted survey

questionnaire. Also, further interpretations of the study are being discussed. The results

include the following: significant difference of the glue made out of Jackfruit and the

commercial glue, the drying duration in different surfaces of paper and the efficacy of

Jackfruit sap glue which serve as answers to the problems pointed in Chapter 1.

Significant Difference of the Glue made out of Jackfruit and the Commercial Glue

Table 1. Significant difference between the Jackfruit sap glue and the commercial glue

Category t-calculated Critical value Decision

Color -9.07 2.00 Reject Ho

Odor -6.78 2.00 Reject Ho

Stickiness -12.38 2.00 Reject Ho

Table 1 shows the rejection of the null hypothesis. This further implies that there

is a significant difference between the glue made out of Jackfruit (Artocarpus

heterophyllus) and the commercial glue. In terms of the mean of the samples, the result

omitted a 0.54 difference in terms of color. In terms of odor, a result of 0.33 difference is

shown and in terms of stickiness, the result shows a 1.98 significant difference. This
implies that the glue made out of Jackfruit sap is different compared to the commercial

glue in terms of color, odor and stickiness.

Drying Duration on Different Surfaces of Paper

Table 2. Drying duration on different surfaces of paper

Types of Paper Drying Duration (minutes)

Bond paper 8.12

Oslo paper 9.21

Art paper 9.48

Glossy paper 10.57

Card paper 12.37

Table 2 shows the type of papers the researchers used to test the efficacy of the

glue made out of Jackfruit. It also showed how long it took for the glue to totally dry on

the surface. It is observed that the glue dried faster on the bond paper and slowest on the

card paper. As seen in the table, the glue tend to dry quicker on thinner papers rather

than the thick ones. This result is supported by an acquainted study by Fulgencio et al

(2014). In their experimental study, they used the mixture of Banana and Jackfruit extracts

to create an alternative glue. Their study concluded that the thicker papers dry slower

than the thinner papers.

Jackfruit sap as an Effective Alternative Ingredient for Glue

The researchers tested the efficacy of the product by applying it in different types

of paper. After the glue dried, the researchers tried to separate the pieces of paper that

were put together. The papers were firmly adhered together and is hard to separate. An

implication to this finding is that the Jackfruit sap glue is as effective as the commercial

glue in terms of adhesion. This indicate that the Jackfruit sap is an effective alternative

ingredient for glue. This result is supported by the study of Belen et al (2013) that due to

the latex feature of the Jackruit, it can be an effective alternative ingredient for glue.
 Chapter 5

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary

This research aims to produce a glue out of Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus)

sap. There were three research questions in this study: First, “Is there any significant

difference between the glue made out of Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) and the

commercial glue in terms of odor, appearance and stickiness?” Second, “How long does

it take to dry in different surfaces of paper?” Lastly, “Is the Jackfruit (Artocarpus

heterophyllus) sap an effective alternative ingredient in producing glue?”

The product was made by extracting the sap from the fruit and mixing it with the

other ingredients that served as extender. After the mixing, the boiling and thickening of

the product comes after. The product was then ready for evaluation. To know its

difference from the commercial glue, a survey test was conducted. Laboratory test was

not conducted due to the limited time and lack of financial resources. To analyze the data,

T-test analysis was used. The analysis shows that there is a significant difference

between the two in terms of color, odor and stickiness. Also, when the product is applied

to different surfaces of paper, it dries quicker on thinner ones. Thus, the sap of Jackfruit

(Artocarpus heterophyllus) is an effective alternative for the main ingredient of glue.

Conclusions

Having the findings of the study, the following conclusions were drawn:

1. There is a significant difference between the commercial glue and the glue

made out of Jackfruit. In terms of color, the result omitted a 0.54 difference. In
 terms of odor, a result of 0.33 difference is shown and in terms of stickiness,

the result shows a 1.98 significant difference.

2. The glue made out of Jackfruit dried quicker on the bond paper with 8.12

minutes drying duration and slowest on the card paper with 12.37 minutes.

3. The glue made out of Jackfruit is an effective alternative component of glue.

This was proven when the glue was capable of bonding together the different

types of paper.

Recommendations

Students. For the students, they must utilize indigenous and organic materials

because it is beneficial for the environment and also economic friendly.

Parents. For the parents, encourage the young children to use indigenous

materials and organic products to ensure their health since the product is not toxic and

does not contain toxic and synthetic materials.

Businessmen. For businessmen, when they would venture to sell the product of

this study, they must sell it at a much cheaper price than the commercial one since the

ingredients used are organic and natural and can be easily accommodated at home.

Future Researchers. To the future researchers, modify the processes in making

the product in this research—that would also include having different ratios and

proportions of the ingredients used in order to make a more effective paste. It is also

recommendable to utilize the different parts of the fruits used. To know the difference of
the commercial glue and the product of this study, it is highly recommended to let it be

tested in a laboratory to secure scientific and more reliable results.

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Appendices

Survey Questionnaire

Questions Strongly Disagree Agree Strongly

Disagree Agree
A. Color 1 2 3 4

1. The color of the Jackfruit sap glue is

more appealing than the commercial glue.
2. The color of the Jackfruit sap Glue is fit
for sticking light colored papers.
3. The color of the Jackfruit sap glue does
not create any discoloration on the paper
when used.
B. Odor

1. The odor of the Jackfruit sap glue has a

strong smell compared to commercial
glue.
2. The odor of the Jackfruit sap glue does
not irritate the user.
3. The odor of the okra mucilage glue can
be liked by children.
C. Adhesion

1. The okra mucilage glue separates faster

than the commercial glue.
2. The okra mucilage glue bond lasts
longer than the commercial glue.
3. The stickiness of the okra mucilage glue
can be easily washed by soap and water.

B.

Questions Strongly Disagree Agree Strongly

Disagree Agree
A. Color 1 2 3 4

1. The color of the commercial glue is

more appealing than the Jackfruit sap
glue.
2. The color of the commercial glue is fit
for sticking light colored papers.
3. The color of the commercial glue does
not create any discoloration on the paper
when used.
B. Odor

1. The odor of the commercial glue has a

strong smell compared to Jackfruit sap
glue.
2. The odor of the commercial glue does
not irritate the user.
3. The odor of the commercial glue can be
liked by children.
C. Adhesion

1. The commercial glue separates faster

than the Jackfruit sap glue.
2. The commercial glue bond lasts longer
than the Jackfruit sap glue.
3. The stickiness of the commercial glue
can be easily washed by soap and water.
Documentation

Experiment period
Testing of the product on different surfaces of paper