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PROJECT: FOOT BRIDGE 44.

5 MTR LONG ON PAVITTER BAINAE

CALCULATION FOR LOADS :-

1. DECK SLAB

Thickness = 0.1 m
Weight = 2.50 kN/sqm
C/C span of X-Girder = 3 m
Load on Int. X- Girder 7.5 kN/m
Load on End . X- Girder 3.75 kN/m

2. WEARING

Thickness = 0.05 m
Weight = 1.25 kN/sqm
C/C span of X-Girder = 3 m
Load on Int. X- Girder 3.8 kN/m
Load on End . X- Girder 1.9 kN/m

3. LL
Weight = 5.00 kN/sqm
C/C span of X-Girder = 3 m
Load on Int. X- Girder 15 kN/m
Load on End . X- Girder 7.5 kN/m

WIND FORCES (Hw) [As per IRC:6-2017]


~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Basic Wind Speed for this Bridge = 47 m/sec
>
36 m/sec
LL Participation = NO

Pz for 33 m/sec velocity = 0.463 kN/sqm

Wind pr. (Pz) for 47 m/sec 0.939 kN/m^2

Annexture -C IRC-6-2017

Height of web member at center = 5.7 mtr


Height of web member at end = 0
Average Height of web member = 2.85

Top Member 2- ISMC -225 face to face


Prejected width of flange of top members = 0.15 m
Length of bottom member = 3.15 m

Bottom member 2-ISMC -200 face to face


Prejected width of flange of top members = 0.15 m
Length of bottom member = 3.15 m

Vertical Member 2-ISMC-100


Projected width of web member = 0.1 m

Height of web member at center = 5.7 mtr


Height of web member at end = 0
Average Height of web member = 2.85

Projected Area of Top Member = H= m 0.15 0.4725 sqm


B= m 3.15

Projected Area of Bottom Member = H= m 0.15 0.4725 sqm


B= m 3.15

Projected Area of Vertical Member = H= m 0.1 0.285 sqm


h av. =m 2.85

Projected Area of Deck = H= m 0.2 0.63 sqm


B= m 3.15

Total Projected Area of Members = 1.86 sqm

Total Area L= 8.9775 sqm

Solidity Ratio = 0.207

C1= 1.8

Spacing Betweem Trusses = 3.2


Av. Height of windward Truss = 2.85
Truss spacing Ratio = 1.123
ƞ= (Table-C2) 0.9

Cd for windward side = (Table-C1) 1.8


Cd for leward side = 1.62

SUMMARY WIND PRESSURE = 0.939 kN/sqm


Cd WIND WARD SIDE = 1.8
Cd LEE WARD SIDE = 1.62
NAME OF WORK ; FOOT BRIDGE 44.5 MTR LONG ON PAVITTER BAINAE

OUTPUT

1. STAAD SPACE
INPUT FILE: Structure1SANDEEP.STD
2. START JOB INFORMATION
3. ENGINEER DATE 15-APR-19
4. END JOB INFORMATION
5. INPUT WIDTH 79
6. UNIT METER KN
7. JOINT COORDINATES
8. 1 0 0 0; 3 22.2 0 0; 4 22.2 5.7 0; 33 0 0 3; 35 22.2 0 3; 36 22.2 5.7 3
9. 51 19.05 0 0; 53 19.05 0 3; 59 15.9 0 3; 60 15.9 0 0; 61 12.75 0 0
10. 63 12.75 0 3; 65 9.6 0 0; 67 9.6 0 3; 69 6.45 0 0; 71 6.45 0 3; 73 3.3 0 0
11. 75 3.3 0 3; 77 19.05 5.585 0; 78 15.9 5.2516 0; 79 12.75 4.7086 0
12. 80 9.6 3.92 0; 81 6.45 2.9 0; 82 3.3 1.598 0; 83 19.05 5.585 3
13. 84 15.9 5.2516 3; 85 12.75 4.7086 3; 86 9.6 3.92 3; 87 6.45 2.9 3
14. 88 3.3 1.598 3; 89 44.4 0 0; 90 44.4 0 3; 91 25.35 0 0; 92 25.35 0 3
15. 93 28.5 0 3; 94 28.5 0 0; 95 31.65 0 0; 96 31.65 0 3; 97 34.8 0 0; 98 34.8 0 3
16. 99 37.95 0 0; 100 37.95 0 3; 101 41.1 0 0; 102 41.1 0 3; 103 25.35 5.585 0
17. 104 28.5 5.2516 0; 105 31.65 4.7086 0; 106 34.8 3.92 0; 107 37.95 2.9 0
18. 108 41.1 1.598 0; 109 25.35 5.585 3; 110 28.5 5.2516 3; 111 31.65 4.7086 3
19. 112 34.8 3.92 3; 113 37.95 2.9 3; 114 41.1 1.598 3
20. MEMBER INCIDENCES
21. 1 1 73; 3 3 4; 4 3 51; 5 51 60; 6 60 61; 7 61 65; 8 65 69; 9 69 73; 11 51 77
22. 12 60 78; 13 61 79; 14 4 77; 17 65 80; 18 69 81; 19 73 82; 22 82 81; 24 80 81
23. 25 79 80; 48 1 33; 50 3 35; 51 4 36; 52 51 53; 53 60 59; 54 61 63; 55 65 67
24. 56 69 71; 57 73 75; 80 33 75; 82 35 36; 83 35 53; 84 53 59; 85 59 63; 86 63 67
25. 87 67 71; 88 71 75; 90 53 83; 91 59 84; 92 63 85; 93 36 83; 96 67 86; 97 71 87
26. 98 75 88; 101 88 87; 103 86 87; 104 85 86; 129 83 84; 130 77 78; 131 84 85
27. 132 78 79; 133 88 33; 134 82 1; 135 77 83; 136 78 84; 137 79 85; 138 80 86
28. 139 81 87; 141 81 86; 142 87 80; 143 80 85; 144 86 79; 145 79 84; 146 85 78
29. 147 78 83; 148 84 77; 149 77 36; 150 83 4; 151 51 35; 152 53 3; 153 60 53
30. 154 59 51; 155 61 59; 156 63 60; 157 65 63; 158 67 61; 159 69 67; 160 71 65
31. 161 73 71; 162 75 69; 163 1 75; 164 33 73; 165 89 101; 166 3 91; 167 91 94
32. 168 94 95; 169 95 97; 170 97 99; 171 99 101; 172 91 103; 173 94 104
33. 174 95 105; 175 4 103; 176 97 106; 177 99 107; 178 101 108; 179 108 107
34. 180 106 107; 181 105 106; 182 89 90; 183 91 92; 184 94 93; 185 95 96
35. 186 97 98; 187 99 100; 188 101 102; 189 90 102; 190 35 92; 191 92 93
36. 192 93 96; 193 96 98; 194 98 100; 195 100 102; 196 92 109; 197 93 110
37. 198 96 111; 199 36 109; 200 98 112; 201 100 113; 202 102 114; 203 114 113
38. 204 112 113; 205 111 112; 206 109 110; 207 103 104; 208 110 111; 209 104 105
39. 210 114 90; 211 108 89; 212 103 109; 213 104 110; 214 105 111; 215 106 112
40. 216 107 113; 217 108 114; 218 107 112; 219 113 106; 220 106 111; 221 112 105
41. 222 105 110; 223 111 104; 224 104 109; 225 110 103; 226 103 36; 227 109 4
42. 228 91 35; 229 92 3; 230 94 92; 231 93 91; 232 95 93; 233 96 94; 234 97 96
43. 235 98 95; 236 99 98; 237 100 97; 238 101 100; 239 102 99; 240 89 102
44. 241 90 101
45. DEFINE MATERIAL START
46. ISOTROPIC STEEL
47. E 2.05E+008
48. POISSON 0.3
49. DENSITY 76.8195
50. ALPHA 1.2E-005
51. DAMP 0.03
52. TYPE STEEL
53. STRENGTH FY 253200 FU 407800 RY 1.5 RT 1.2
54. END DEFINE MATERIAL
55. MEMBER PROPERTY INDIAN
56. 1 4 TO 9 14 24 25 80 83 TO 88 93 103 104 129 TO 132 165 TO 171 175 180 181 -
57. 189 TO 195 199 204 TO 209 TABLE FR ISMC200 SP 0.09
58. 51 135 TO 139 212 TO 217 TABLE ST ISMC125
59. 48 50 52 TO 57 182 TO 188 TABLE ST ISMB225
60. 3 11 TO 13 17 TO 19 82 90 TO 92 96 TO 98 172 TO 174 176 TO 178 196 TO 198 -
61. 200 TO 202 TABLE FR ISMC100 SP 0.095
62. 22 101 133 134 179 203 210 211 TABLE FR ISMC250 SP 0.09
63. 141 TO 164 218 TO 241 TABLE ST ISLC75
64. CONSTANTS
65. MATERIAL STEEL ALL
66. SUPPORTS
67. 1 33 89 90 ENFORCED BUT FX
68. MEMBER RELEASE
69. 1 80 165 189 START MX MY MZ
70. 133 134 210 211 END MX MY MZ
71. MEMBER TENSION
72. 141 TO 150 218 TO 227
73. DEFINE WIND LOAD
74. TYPE 1 WIND 1
75. INT 0.9 HEIG 10
76. EXP 1 JOINT 3 4 35 36
77. LOAD 1 LOADTYPE NONE TITLE DEAD LOAD
78. MEMBER LOAD
79. 50 52 TO 57 183 TO 188 UNI GY -7.5
80. 48 182 UNI GY -4
81. SELFWEIGHT Y -1
82. LOAD 2 LOADTYPE NONE TITLE LIVE LOAD
83. MEMBER LOAD
84. 50 52 TO 57 183 TO 188 UNI GY -15
85. 48 182 UNI GY -7.5
86. LOAD 3 LOADTYPE NONE TITLE WEARING COAT
87. MEMBER LOAD
88. 50 52 TO 57 183 TO 188 UNI GY -3.8
89. 48 182 UNI GY -1.9
90. ****WIND LOAD*****
91. LOAD 4 LOADTYPE NONE TITLE LOAD CASE 4 WIND LOAD
92. WIND LOAD Z 1.8 TYPE 1 ZR -0.5 0.5 OPEN
93. WIND LOAD -Z 1.62 TYPE 1 ZR 2.5 3.5 OPEN
94. LOAD COMB 5 COMBINATION LOAD CASE 5
95. 1 1.0 2 1.0 3 1.0
96. LOAD COMB 6 COMBINATION LOAD CASE 6
97. 1 0.75 2 0.75 3 0.75 4 0.75
98. PERFORM ANALYSIS
99. LOAD LIST 5 6
100. PARAMETER 1
101. CODE INDIAN
102. LY 7 MEMB 22 101 133 134 179 203 210 211
103. NSF 0.92 ALL
104. PARAMETER 2
105. CODE INDIAN
106. CHECK CODE MEMB 1 3 TO 9 11 TO 14 17 TO 19 22 24 25 48 50 TO 57 80 82 TO 88 -
107. 90 TO 93 96 TO 98 101 103 104 129 TO 139 141 TO 164

MEMBER TABLE RESULT/ CRITICAL COND/ RATIO/ LOADING/


FX MY MZ LOCATION

1 FR ISMC200 (INDIAN SECTIONS)


PASS IS-7.1.2 0.763 5
562.03 T -0.14 -2.80 3.30
3 FR ISMC100 (INDIAN SECTIONS)
PASS IS-7.1.2 0.328 5
41.41 T -5.84 -0.02 0.00
4 FR ISMC200 (INDIAN SECTIONS)
PASS IS-7.1.2 0.847 5
580.02 T 0.00 -6.59 1.31
5 FR ISMC200 (INDIAN SECTIONS)
PASS IS-7.1.2 0.865 5
579.40 T 0.00 -7.75 0.00
6 FR ISMC200 (INDIAN SECTIONS)
PASS IS-7.1.2 0.858 5
577.99 T 0.00 -7.40 0.00
7 FR ISMC200 (INDIAN SECTIONS)
PASS IS-7.1.2 0.836 5
575.88 T 0.01 6.26 3.15
8 FR ISMC200 (INDIAN SECTIONS)
PASS IS-7.1.2 0.876 5
573.22 T -0.03 8.87 3.15
9 FR ISMC200 (INDIAN SECTIONS)
PASS IS-7.1.2 0.802 5
570.38 T -0.03 4.58 0.00
11 FR ISMC100 (INDIAN SECTIONS)
PASS IS-7.1.2 0.469 5
40.26 T -5.91 -1.82 0.00

MEMBER TABLE RESULT/ CRITICAL COND/ RATIO/ LOADING/


FX MY MZ LOCATION

12 FR ISMC100 (INDIAN SECTIONS)


PASS IS-7.1.2 0.635 5
39.39 T -6.16 -3.84 0.00
13 FR ISMC100 (INDIAN SECTIONS)
PASS IS-7.1.2 0.763 5
42.47 T -6.63 -5.15 0.00
14 FR ISMC200 (INDIAN SECTIONS)
PASS IS-7.1.1(A) 0.890 5
605.54 C 0.31 -6.47 1.31
17 FR ISMC100 (INDIAN SECTIONS)
PASS IS-7.1.2 0.809 5
41.51 T -7.47 -5.40 0.00
18 FR ISMC100 (INDIAN SECTIONS)
PASS IS-7.1.2 0.780 5
45.10 T -8.74 -4.33 0.00
19 FR ISMC100 (INDIAN SECTIONS)
PASS IS-7.1.2 0.765 5
39.54 T -8.61 -4.41 0.00
22 FR ISMC250 (INDIAN SECTIONS)
PASS IS-7.1.1(A) 0.786 5
643.09 C 4.43 6.21 3.41
24 FR ISMC200 (INDIAN SECTIONS)
PASS IS-7.1.1(B) 0.968 5
629.88 C -4.31 10.30 3.31
25 FR ISMC200 (INDIAN SECTIONS)
PASS IS-7.1.1(A) 0.853 5
620.12 C 1.32 5.80 3.25

MEMBER TABLE RESULT/ CRITICAL COND/ RATIO/ LOADING/


FX MY MZ LOCATION

48 ST ISMB225 (INDIAN SECTIONS)


PASS IS-7.1.1(A) 0.365 6
0.00 T 0.97 7.71 0.00
50 ST ISMB225 (INDIAN SECTIONS)
PASS IS-7.1.1(A) 0.881 5
46.67 C 0.00 -23.95 1.50
51 ST ISMC125 (INDIAN SECTIONS)
PASS IS-7.1.1(A) 0.122 6
1.90 C 0.00 0.71 0.00
52 ST ISMB225 (INDIAN SECTIONS)
PASS IS-7.1.1(A) 0.878 5
46.61 C 0.00 -23.87 1.50
53 ST ISMB225 (INDIAN SECTIONS)
PASS IS-7.1.1(A) 0.871 5
46.42 C 0.00 -23.64 1.50
54 ST ISMB225 (INDIAN SECTIONS)
PASS IS-7.1.1(A) 0.858 5
46.06 C 0.00 -23.25 1.50
55 ST ISMB225 (INDIAN SECTIONS)
PASS IS-7.1.1(A) 0.833 5
45.36 C 0.00 -22.46 1.50
56 ST ISMB225 (INDIAN SECTIONS)
PASS IS-7.1.1(A) 0.794 5
44.29 C 0.00 -21.26 1.50
57 ST ISMB225 (INDIAN SECTIONS)
PASS IS-7.1.1(A) 0.785 5
43.03 C 0.00 -21.14 1.50

MEMBER TABLE RESULT/ CRITICAL COND/ RATIO/ LOADING/


FX MY MZ LOCATION

80 FR ISMC200 (INDIAN SECTIONS)


PASS IS-7.1.2 0.763 5
562.03 T 0.14 -2.80 3.30
82 FR ISMC100 (INDIAN SECTIONS)
PASS IS-7.1.2 0.328 5
41.41 T 5.84 -0.02 0.00
83 FR ISMC200 (INDIAN SECTIONS)
PASS IS-7.1.2 0.847 5
580.02 T 0.00 -6.59 1.31
84 FR ISMC200 (INDIAN SECTIONS)
PASS IS-7.1.2 0.865 5
579.40 T 0.00 -7.75 0.00
85 FR ISMC200 (INDIAN SECTIONS)
PASS IS-7.1.2 0.858 5
577.99 T 0.00 -7.40 0.00
86 FR ISMC200 (INDIAN SECTIONS)
PASS IS-7.1.2 0.836 5
575.88 T -0.01 6.26 3.15
87 FR ISMC200 (INDIAN SECTIONS)
PASS IS-7.1.2 0.876 5
573.22 T 0.03 8.87 3.15
88 FR ISMC200 (INDIAN SECTIONS)
PASS IS-7.1.2 0.802 5
570.38 T 0.03 4.58 0.00
90 FR ISMC100 (INDIAN SECTIONS)
PASS IS-7.1.2 0.469 5
40.26 T 5.91 -1.82 0.00

MEMBER TABLE RESULT/ CRITICAL COND/ RATIO/ LOADING/


FX MY MZ LOCATION

91 FR ISMC100 (INDIAN SECTIONS)


PASS IS-7.1.2 0.635 5
39.39 T 6.16 -3.84 0.00
92 FR ISMC100 (INDIAN SECTIONS)
PASS IS-7.1.2 0.763 5
42.47 T 6.63 -5.15 0.00
93 FR ISMC200 (INDIAN SECTIONS)
PASS IS-7.1.1(A) 0.890 5
605.54 C -0.31 -6.47 1.31
96 FR ISMC100 (INDIAN SECTIONS)
PASS IS-7.1.2 0.809 5
41.51 T 7.47 -5.40 0.00
97 FR ISMC100 (INDIAN SECTIONS)
PASS IS-7.1.2 0.780 5
45.10 T 8.74 -4.33 0.00
98 FR ISMC100 (INDIAN SECTIONS)
PASS IS-7.1.2 0.842 6
34.26 T 14.64 -2.92 0.00
101 FR ISMC250 (INDIAN SECTIONS)
PASS IS-7.1.1(A) 0.786 5
643.09 C -4.43 6.21 3.41
103 FR ISMC200 (INDIAN SECTIONS)
PASS IS-7.1.1(B) 0.968 5
629.88 C 4.31 10.30 3.31
104 FR ISMC200 (INDIAN SECTIONS)
PASS IS-7.1.1(A) 0.853 5
620.12 C -1.32 5.80 3.25

MEMBER TABLE RESULT/ CRITICAL COND/ RATIO/ LOADING/


FX MY MZ LOCATION

129 FR ISMC200 (INDIAN SECTIONS)


PASS IS-7.1.1(A) 0.886 5
607.94 C -0.30 -7.62 0.00
130 FR ISMC200 (INDIAN SECTIONS)
PASS IS-7.1.1(A) 0.886 5
607.94 C 0.30 -7.62 0.00
131 FR ISMC200 (INDIAN SECTIONS)
PASS IS-7.1.1(B) 0.846 5
612.41 C -0.33 -7.34 0.00
132 FR ISMC200 (INDIAN SECTIONS)
PASS IS-7.1.1(B) 0.846 5
612.41 C 0.33 -7.34 0.00
133 FR ISMC250 (INDIAN SECTIONS)
PASS IS-7.1.1(A) 0.810 5
655.13 C -7.86 -2.95 0.00
134 FR ISMC250 (INDIAN SECTIONS)
PASS IS-7.1.1(A) 0.810 5
655.13 C 7.86 -2.95 0.00
135 ST ISMC125 (INDIAN SECTIONS)
PASS IS-7.1.1(A) 0.134 6
2.86 C -0.02 0.68 0.00
136 ST ISMC125 (INDIAN SECTIONS)
PASS IS-7.1.1(A) 0.155 6
4.88 C -0.03 0.59 0.00
137 ST ISMC125 (INDIAN SECTIONS)
PASS IS-7.1.1(A) 0.191 6
6.84 C 0.02 0.62 3.00

MEMBER TABLE RESULT/ CRITICAL COND/ RATIO/ LOADING/


FX MY MZ LOCATION

138 ST ISMC125 (INDIAN SECTIONS)


PASS IS-7.1.1(A) 0.251 6
10.14 C -0.03 0.74 3.00
139 ST ISMC125 (INDIAN SECTIONS)
PASS IS-7.1.1(B) 0.481 6
13.81 C 0.21 2.51 3.00
141 ST ISLC75 (INDIAN SECTIONS)
PASS TENSION 0.220 6
22.06 T 0.00 0.00 0.00
142 ST ISLC75 (INDIAN SECTIONS)
PASS IS-7.1.1(A) 0.000 5
0.00 T 0.00 0.00 0.00
143 ST ISLC75 (INDIAN SECTIONS)
PASS TENSION 0.081 6
8.08 T 0.00 0.00 0.00
144 ST ISLC75 (INDIAN SECTIONS)
PASS IS-7.1.1(A) 0.000 5
0.00 T 0.00 0.00 0.00
145 ST ISLC75 (INDIAN SECTIONS)
PASS TENSION 0.073 6
7.26 T 0.00 0.00 0.00
146 ST ISLC75 (INDIAN SECTIONS)
PASS IS-7.1.1(A) 0.000 5
0.00 T 0.00 0.00 0.00
147 ST ISLC75 (INDIAN SECTIONS)
PASS TENSION 0.042 6
4.17 T 0.00 0.00 0.00

MEMBER TABLE RESULT/ CRITICAL COND/ RATIO/ LOADING/


FX MY MZ LOCATION

148 ST ISLC75 (INDIAN SECTIONS)


PASS IS-7.1.1(A) 0.000 5
0.00 T 0.00 0.00 0.00
149 ST ISLC75 (INDIAN SECTIONS)
PASS TENSION 0.013 6
1.31 T 0.00 0.00 0.00
150 ST ISLC75 (INDIAN SECTIONS)
PASS IS-7.1.1(A) 0.000 5
0.00 T 0.00 0.00 0.00
151 ST ISLC75 (INDIAN SECTIONS)
PASS IS-7.1.2 0.427 5
34.68 T 0.00 -0.23 2.54
152 ST ISLC75 (INDIAN SECTIONS)
PASS IS-7.1.2 0.426 5
34.68 T 0.00 -0.23 1.81
153 ST ISLC75 (INDIAN SECTIONS)
PASS IS-7.1.2 0.426 5
34.65 T 0.00 -0.23 2.54
154 ST ISLC75 (INDIAN SECTIONS)
PASS IS-7.1.2 0.426 5
34.65 T 0.00 -0.23 2.54
155 ST ISLC75 (INDIAN SECTIONS)
PASS IS-7.1.2 0.415 5
34.58 T 0.00 -0.19 2.90
156 ST ISLC75 (INDIAN SECTIONS)
PASS IS-7.1.2 0.415 5
34.58 T 0.00 -0.19 2.90

MEMBER TABLE RESULT/ CRITICAL COND/ RATIO/ LOADING/


FX MY MZ LOCATION

157 ST ISLC75 (INDIAN SECTIONS)


PASS IS-7.1.2 0.398 5
34.49 T 0.00 -0.14 2.90
158 ST ISLC75 (INDIAN SECTIONS)
PASS IS-7.1.2 0.397 5
34.49 T 0.00 -0.14 2.90
159 ST ISLC75 (INDIAN SECTIONS)
PASS IS-7.1.2 0.386 5
34.39 T 0.00 -0.11 2.90
160 ST ISLC75 (INDIAN SECTIONS)
PASS IS-7.1.2 0.385 5
34.39 T 0.00 -0.11 2.90
161 ST ISLC75 (INDIAN SECTIONS)
PASS IS-7.1.2 0.399 6
36.82 T 0.01 0.07 4.35
162 ST ISLC75 (INDIAN SECTIONS)
PASS IS-7.1.2 0.386 5
34.30 T 0.00 -0.12 1.81
163 ST ISLC75 (INDIAN SECTIONS)
PASS IS-7.1.2 0.618 6
47.96 T 0.02 0.34 0.00
164 ST ISLC75 (INDIAN SECTIONS)
PASS IS-7.1.2 0.544 5
37.41 T 0.01 0.47 0.00
80 82 TO 88 -
PROJECT: FOOT BRIDGE 44.5 MTR LONG ON PAVITTER BAINAE

Bolt Specifications :- Tensile Capacity of bolt :-

High Tensile Bolts Grade Bolt Grade = 10 9


fub = Ultimate tensile stress of bolt 900 n/sqmm
fyb= yield stress of bolt 900 n/sqmm
Tb= Factored Tensie force of bolt < Tdb Υmb= 1.25
Tnb= nominal tensile capacity of bolt Υmo= 1.1

Tnb= .9 fub An = 810 < fyb Asb (Υmb / Υmo) 1022.73 n/sqmm

Tnb = 810.00 n/sqmm

Tdb= Tnb/Υmb 648 n/sqmm

Shear Strength of Bolt :-

Vdsb = Vnsb / γmb

Vnsb = Nominal Shear Capacity of Bolt = fub / √3 (nn Anb + ns Asb)

nn = No of shear planes with threads intercepting the shear plane = 0


Asb = X-Sectional Area of Bolt at the Shank = Asb
Anb = Net Shear Area of Bolt at root diameter of thread 0.8Asb
ns =No of Shear Planes without Threads = 1
Anb =0 .8 Asb

Vncb = 519.61524 Asb

Vdsb = 415.69219 Asb (For 1 Shear Plane)


831.38439 (For 2 Shear Plane)

Bearing capacity of bolt:-

Vdpb = Vnpb / γmb IS 800:2007 clause 10.3.4 , 11.6.2.2


Vnpb = Nominal bearing strength of Bolt = 2.5 kb d t fu

kb= min of e/3d0 ,p/3d0-0.25 ,fub/fu ,1 ;

e,p=edge and pitch distance of bolts along bearing direction


d0=dia of hole
fub,fu=ultimate design strenth of bolt and plate
d=nominal dia of bolt
t=summation of the thickness of the connected plates experiences bearing stress

dia dia units


d= 16 12 mm
d0= 18 13 mm
egde distance(e)= 27.2 20.4 mm
picth distance(p)= 40 30 mm
fub= 900 900 N/sqmm
fu= 350 350 N/sqmm
e/3d0= 0.50 0.52
p/3d0-0.25= 0.49 0.52
fub/fu= 2.571 2.57
kb= 0.49 0.52
Vnpb= 429.40 454.33 N/sqmm
Vdpb= 343.52 363.46 N/sqmm xdt

TOP CHORD MEMBER

MEMB FY/ DIST LD MZ/ DIST LD


FZ DIST LD MY DIST LD FX DIST LD

93 MAX 0.63 0.00 5 -4.32 3.15 6


0.34 0.00 6 0.05 1.58 6 605.57 C 3.15 5
MIN -0.75 3.15 5 -6.47 1.31 5
-0.35 3.15 6 -0.33 0.00 5 456.99 C 0.00 6

101 MAX -0.46 0.00 5 6.21 3.41 5


-3.55 0.00 5 7.93 0.00 6 643.87 C 0.00 5
MIN -2.53 3.41 6 -3.09 0.00 6
-6.67 0.00 6 -13.23 3.41 6 518.52 C 3.41 6

103 MAX -0.95 0.00 6 10.30 3.31 5


5.05 0.00 6 12.63 3.31 6 629.88 C 3.31 5
MIN -3.66 3.31 5 0.45 0.00 5
1.72 3.31 5 -2.89 0.00 6 506.61 C 0.00 6

104 MAX -0.81 0.00 6 5.80 3.25 5


-0.37 0.00 5 0.13 0.00 6 620.12 C 3.25 5
MIN -2.88 3.25 5 -1.32 0.00 5
-1.26 3.25 6 -2.81 3.25 6 482.46 C 0.00 6

129 MAX -0.45 0.00 6 -2.51 3.17 6


0.30 0.00 6 -0.01 1.32 6 608.08 C 3.17 5
MIN -1.98 3.17 5 -7.62 0.00 5
-0.39 3.17 6 -0.36 3.17 6 461.88 C 0.00 6

131 MAX -2.03 0.00 6 3.78 3.20 5


0.49 0.00 6 0.20 2.13 6 612.65 C 3.20 5
MIN -4.17 3.20 5 -7.34 0.00 5
-0.21 3.20 6 -0.35 0.00 6 470.67 C 0.00 6

133 MAX 0.18 0.00 5 0.00 3.67 5


2.72 0.00 6 0.00 3.67 5 656.09 C 3.67 5
MIN -2.36 3.67 6 -5.95 0.00 6
1.72 3.67 6 -8.14 0.00 6 529.91 C 0.00 6

93
129
131
104

103
90 82
91
101 92
96
97
133 98

80 88 87 86 85 84 83

MEMBER NO. 133 Units


dia of bolt= 16
bolt Area = 201.0
No. of shear Plane = 1
Thickness of member plate (t)= mm 14.1
Thickness of gusset plate (T)= mm 10
Vu = N 984135.00
Vdsr= 415.69
bolt area reqiured= mm^2 2367.46
No. of bolts required= 11.78
Provide No. of bolts= 18.00
Force per bolt = N 54674.2
Bearing pressure = N/sqmm 341.7
Permissible bearing pressure= N/sqmm 343.5
Remarks Safe

MEMBER NO. 101 Units

Top Chord Member


Sectional area ISMC 250 = 0.003867 m^2
Area ofWeb = 0.00175 m
Area of single flange= 0.0010585 m
Total comp Force in single channel = 482.9025 KN
Comp Force in each flange= 132 KN
Comp Force in Web= 262 KN

FLANGE WEB
dia of bolt= 16 16
bolt Area = 201.0 201.0
No. of shear Plane = 1 1
Thickness of member plate (t)= mm 14.1 7.1
Thickness of gusset plate (T)= mm 10 10
Vu = N 198274.75 393365.11
Vdsr= 415.69 415.69
bolt area reqiured= mm^2 476.97 946.29
No. of bolts required= 2.37 4.71
Provide No. of bolts= 4.00 12.00
Force per bolt = N 49568.7 32780.4
Bearing pressure = N/sqmm 309.8 288.6
Permissible bearing pressure= N/sqmm 343.5 343.5
Remarks Safe Safe

MEMBER NO. 93 Units

dia of bolt= 16
bolt Area = 201.0
No. of shear Plane = 1
Thickness of member plate (t)= mm 11.4
Thickness of gusset plate (T)= mm 10
Vu = N 908355.00
Vdsr= 415.69
bolt area reqiured= mm^2 2185.16
No. of bolts required= 10.87
Provide No. of bolts= 18.00
Force per bolt = N 50464.2
Bearing pressure = N/sqmm 315.4
Permissible bearing pressure= N/sqmm 343.5
Remarks Safe
BOTTOM CHORD MEMBER

MEMB FY/ DIST LD MZ/ DIST LD


FZ DIST LD MY DIST LD FX DIST LD

80 MAX 1.75 0.00 6 0.00 0.00 5


0.11 3.30 6 0.14 3.30 5 469.86 T 0.00 6
MIN 0.13 3.30 5 -3.99 3.30 6
-0.61 0.00 6 -0.84 2.75 6 562.03 T 3.30 5

83 MAX 0.63 0.00 5 -4.41 3.15 6


0.34 0.00 6 0.89 1.57 6 541.59 T 0.00 6
MIN -0.75 3.15 5 -6.59 1.31 5
-0.35 3.15 6 0.00 0.00 5 580.02 T 3.15 5

84 MAX -0.46 0.00 6 -2.57 3.15 6


0.33 0.00 6 0.87 1.57 6 538.77 T 0.00 6
MIN -2.01 3.15 5 -7.75 0.00 5
-0.36 3.15 6 0.00 3.15 5 579.40 T 3.15 5

85 MAX -2.01 0.00 6 3.46 3.15 5


0.32 0.00 6 0.84 1.57 6 533.09 T 0.00 6
MIN -4.14 3.15 5 -7.40 0.00 5
-0.37 3.15 6 0.00 0.00 5 577.99 T 3.15 5

86 MAX -0.98 0.00 6 6.26 3.15 5


0.31 0.00 6 0.80 1.31 6 524.67 T 0.00 6
MIN -3.20 3.15 5 -1.64 0.00 5
-0.38 3.15 6 -0.01 3.15 5 575.88 T 3.15 5

87 MAX -0.72 0.00 6 8.87 3.15 5


0.32 0.00 6 0.76 1.31 6 513.56 T 0.00 6
MIN -3.22 3.15 5 0.82 0.00 6
-0.37 3.15 6 -0.01 0.00 5 573.22 T 3.15 5

88 MAX 1.70 0.00 5 4.58 0.00 5


0.38 0.00 6 0.87 1.84 6 498.50 T 0.00 6
MIN 0.32 3.15 5 -1.06 3.15 6
-0.31 3.15 6 -0.13 3.15 5 570.38 T 3.15 5

93
129
131
104

103
90 82
91
101 92
96
97
133 98

80 88 87 86 85 84 83

MEMBER NO. 83 Units

dia of bolt= 16
bolt Area = 201.0
No. of shear Plane = 1
Thickness of member plate (t)= mm 12
Thickness of gusset plate (T)= mm 10
Vu = N 870030.00
Vdsr= 415.69
bolt area reqiured= mm^2 2092.97
No. of bolts required= 10.41
Provide No. of bolts= 16.00
Force per bolt = N 54376.9
Bearing pressure = N/sqmm 339.9
Permissible bearing pressure= N/sqmm 343.5
Remarks Safe

MEMBER NO. 80 Units

dia of bolt= 16
bolt Area = 201.0
No. of shear Plane = 1
Thickness of member plate (t)= mm 12
Thickness of gusset plate (T)= mm 10
Vu = N 843045.00
Vdsr= 415.69
bolt area reqiured= mm^2 2028.05
No. of bolts required= 10.09
Provide No. of bolts= 16.00
Force per bolt = N 52690.3
Bearing pressure = N/sqmm 329.3
Permissible bearing pressure= N/sqmm 343.5
Remarks Safe

VERTICAL MEMBER

MEMB FY/ DIST LD MZ/ DIST LD


FZ DIST LD MY DIST LD FX DIST LD

82 MAX 0.00 0.00 6 0.02 5.70 5


-0.60 5.70 6 5.84 0.00 5 31.29 T 0.00 6
MIN -0.01 5.70 5 -0.02 0.00 5
-1.22 0.00 6 -0.79 5.70 5 42.48 T 5.70 5

90 MAX -0.45 0.00 6 1.80 5.59 5


-0.64 5.59 6 5.91 0.00 5 30.46 T 0.00 6
MIN -0.65 5.59 5 -1.82 0.00 5
-1.25 0.00 6 -0.79 5.59 5 41.31 T 5.59 5

91 MAX -1.02 0.00 6 3.82 5.25 5


-0.79 5.25 6 6.16 0.00 5 29.90 T 0.00 6
MIN -1.46 5.25 5 -3.84 0.00 5
-1.36 0.00 6 -0.78 5.25 5 40.37 T 5.25 5

92 MAX -1.45 0.00 6 5.10 4.71 5


-1.02 4.71 6 6.63 0.00 5 32.49 T 0.00 6
MIN -2.18 4.71 5 -5.15 0.00 5
-1.57 4.71 5 -0.77 4.71 5 43.36 T 4.71 5

96 MAX -1.69 0.00 6 5.35 3.92 5


-1.64 3.92 6 7.47 0.00 5 31.89 T 0.00 6
MIN -2.74 3.92 5 -5.40 0.00 5
-2.12 3.92 5 -0.95 3.92 6 42.24 T 3.92 5

97 MAX -1.65 0.00 6 4.09 2.90 5


-3.14 0.00 5 9.94 0.00 6 35.71 T 0.00 6
MIN -2.90 2.90 5 -4.33 0.00 5
-4.06 0.00 6 -1.36 2.90 6 45.64 T 2.90 5
98 MAX -3.62 0.00 6 4.38 1.60 5
-5.69 0.00 5 14.64 0.00 6 34.26 T 0.00 6
MIN -5.50 1.60 5 -4.41 0.00 5
-9.57 0.00 6 -0.51 1.60 6 39.83 T 1.60 5

93
129
131
104

103
90 82
91
101 92
96
97
133 98

80 88 87 86 85 84 83

MEMBER NO. 97 Units

dia of bolt= 16
bolt Area = 201.0
No. of shear Plane = 1
Thickness of member plate (t)= mm 7.5
Thickness of gusset plate (T)= mm 10
Vu = N 68460.00
Vdsr= 415.69
bolt area reqiured= mm^2 164.69
No. of bolts required= 0.82
Provide No. of bolts= 2.00
Force per bolt = N 34230.0
Bearing pressure = N/sqmm 285.3
Y Permissible bearing pressure= N/sqmm 343.5
Z X Remarks Safe

TOP BRACE MEMBER

MEMB FY/ DIST LD MZ/ DIST LD


FZ DIST LD MY DIST LD FX DIST LD

141 MAX 0.00 0.00 5 0.00 0.00 5


0.00 0.00 5 0.00 0.00 5 0.00 0.00 5
MIN 0.00 4.47 6 0.00 4.47 6
0.00 4.47 6 0.00 4.47 6 22.06 T 4.47 6

149 MAX 0.00 0.00 5 0.00 0.00 5


0.00 0.00 5 0.00 0.00 5 0.00 0.00 5
MIN 0.00 4.35 6 0.00 4.35 6
0.00 4.35 6 0.00 4.35 6 1.31 T 4.35 6

139 MAX 0.19 0.00 5 2.51 3.00 6


0.14 0.00 6 0.21 3.00 6 13.81 C 0.00 6
MIN -1.46 3.00 6 -1.44 0.00 6
0.00 3.00 5 -0.21 0.00 6 8.40 C 3.00 5

134 22 24 25 132 130 14

139 141
142 138 144
143 137 146
145 136 148
147 135 150
149 51

133 101 103 104 131 129 93


134 22 24 25 132 130 14

139 141
142 138 144
143 137 146
145 136 148
147 135 150
149 51

133 101 103 104 131 129 93

MEMBER NO. 141 Units

dia of bolt= 12
bolt Area = 113.0
No. of shear Plane = 1
Thickness of member plate (t)= mm 6
Thickness of gusset plate (T)= mm 10
Vu = N 33090.00
Vdsr= 415.69
bolt area reqiured= mm^2 79.60
No. of bolts required= 0.70
Provide No. of bolts= 2.00
Force per bolt = N 16545.0
Bearing pressure = N/sqmm 229.8
Permissible bearing pressure= N/sqmm 363.5
Remarks Safe

MEMBER NO. 139 Units

dia of bolt= 12
bolt Area = 113.0
Y X
No. of shear Plane = 1
Z
Thickness of member plate (t)= mm 8.1
Thickness of gusset plate (T)= mm 10
Vu = N 20715.00
Vdsr= 415.69
bolt area reqiured= mm^2 49.83
No. of bolts required= 0.44
Provide No. of bolts= 2.00
Force per bolt = N 10357.5
Bearing pressure = N/sqmm 106.6
Permissible bearing pressure= N/sqmm 363.5
Remarks Safe

BOTTOM BRACE MEMBER

MEMB FY/ DIST LD MZ/ DIST LD


FZ DIST LD MY DIST LD FX DIST LD

152 MAX 0.12 0.00 5 -0.07 0.00 6


0.00 0.00 6 0.01 0.00 5 25.16 T 0.00 6
MIN -0.12 4.35 5 -0.23 2.17 5
0.00 4.35 5 -0.01 4.35 5 34.68 T 4.35 5

1 9 8 7 6 5 4

48 164
163 57 162
161 56 159
160 55 157
158 54 155
156 53 154
153 52 151
152 50

80 88 87 86 85 84 83

MEMBER NO.152 Units

dia of bolt= 12
bolt Area = 113.0
No. of shear Plane = 1
Thickness of member plate (t)= mm 6
Thickness of gusset plate (T)= mm 10
Vu = N 52020.00
Vdsr= 415.69
bolt area reqiured= mm^2 125.14
No. of bolts required= 1.11
Provide No. of bolts= 2.00
Force per bolt = N 26010.0
Bearing pressure = N/sqmm 361.3
Permissible bearing pressure= N/sqmm 363.5
Remarks Safe

X- MEMBER

MEMB FY/ DIST LD MZ/ DIST LD


FZ DIST LD MY DIST LD FX DIST LD

48 MAX 20.56 0.00 5 10.28 0.00 5


0.00 0.00 5 0.97 0.00 6 0.00 0.00 5
MIN -20.56 3.00 5 -5.14 1.50 5
-0.65 3.00 6 -0.97 3.00 6 0.00 3.00 6

50 MAX 39.91 0.00 5 5.98 0.00 5


0.00 0.00 6 0.00 3.00 6 46.67 C 0.00 5
MIN -39.91 3.00 5 -23.95 1.50 5
0.00 3.00 5 0.00 0.00 6 35.05 C 3.00 6

52 MAX 39.91 0.00 5 6.06 0.00 5


0.01 0.00 6 0.02 3.00 6 46.61 C 0.00 5
MIN -39.91 3.00 5 -23.87 1.50 5
0.00 3.00 5 -0.02 0.00 6 35.01 C 3.00 6

53 MAX 39.91 0.00 5 6.29 0.00 5


0.02 0.00 6 0.04 3.00 6 46.42 C 0.00 5
MIN -39.91 3.00 5 -23.64 1.50 5
0.00 3.00 5 -0.04 0.00 6 34.86 C 3.00 6

54 MAX 39.91 0.00 5 6.68 0.00 5


0.04 0.00 6 0.06 3.00 6 46.06 C 0.00 5
MIN -39.91 3.00 5 -23.25 1.50 5
0.00 3.00 5 -0.06 0.00 6 34.60 C 3.00 6

55 MAX 39.91 0.00 5 7.47 0.00 5


0.05 0.00 6 0.07 3.00 6 45.36 C 0.00 5
MIN -39.91 3.00 5 -22.46 1.50 5
0.00 3.00 5 -0.07 0.00 6 34.07 C 3.00 6

56 MAX 39.91 0.00 5 9.85 3.00 6


0.07 0.00 6 0.10 3.00 6 44.29 C 0.00 5
MIN -39.91 3.00 5 -21.26 1.50 5
0.00 3.00 5 -0.10 0.00 6 33.27 C 3.00 6

57 MAX 39.91 0.00 5 14.69 3.00 6


0.12 0.00 6 0.18 3.00 6 43.03 C 0.00 5
MIN -39.91 3.00 5 -21.14 1.50 5
0.00 3.00 5 -0.18 0.00 6 32.35 C 3.00 6

1 9 8 7 6 5 4

48 164
163 57 161
162 56 160
159 55 158
157 54 156
155 53 153
154 52 151
152 50
1 9 8 7 6 5 4

48 164
163 57 161
162 56 160
159 55 158
157 54 156
155 53 153
154 52 151
152 50

80 88 87 86 85 84 83

MEMBER NO. 96 Units

Dia of Bolt = 16 mm
Shank area = 161 sqmm
Design Tensile Stress of Bolt = 648.0 n/sqmm
Design Shear Stress of Bolt = 415.7 n/sqmm
C/C Distance of bolts = 40 mm

Force DL+LL+SL Memb


Mu= kN-m 6 Plate Area A= 31850 sqmm
Vu= kN 40 Plate MOI I= 1.2E+08 mm^4
Pu= kN 47
P/A = 1.48 n/sqmm
Area of bolt in shear = 200.96 sqmm (M/I) y= 5.96 n/sqmm

Y X
130 4.48
Z

0
10

12 32
122.5

80.5 194.1
225

245 153

6.95
10 50.9

110
7.43

M Distance of r no of bolts (yi)^2 Σ(yi)^2 Ti= MOR


Kn-m from rotation in row Myi/Σ(yi)^2 Provided
m kN kN-m
y1 6.0 0.19 0 0.00 0.06 19.7 0.00
y2 6.0 0.17 2 0.06 0.06 17.4 6.00
y3 6.0 0.12 0 0.00 0.06 12.4 0.00
y4 6.0 0.07 0 0.00 0.06 7.3 0.00
y5 6.0 0.02 0 0.00 0.06 2.2 0.00
y6 6.0 0 0 0.00 0.06 0.0 0.00
y7 6.0 0 0 0.00 0.06 0.0 0.00
y3 6.0 0 0 0.00 0.06 0.0 0.00
y4 6.0 0 0 0.00 0.06 0.0 0.00
y5 6.0 0 0 0.00 0.06 0.0 0.00
y6 6.0 0 0 0.00 0.06 0.0 0.00
y7 6.0 0 0 0.00 0.06 0.0 0.00
y8 6.0 0 0 0.00 0.06 0.0 0.00
y9 6.0 0 0 0.00 0.06 0.0 0.00
2
Total= 6.00
Σ(yi)^2= 0.06

No of Bolts 4 Nos
Max Tensile Force in bolt = 19.7 kN
Compressive Force = 11.8 kN
Net Tensile Force Tu = 7.9 kN

Vsb = 10
Tb = 7.9

Vdsb= 67 kN
Tdb= 104 kN
ratio r1 =( Vsb/Vdb)^2= 0.0224
ratio r2 =(Tb/Tdb)^2= 0.006
r1+r2= 0.028 Safe
PROJECT: FOOT BRIDGE 44.5 MTR LONG ON PAVITTER BAINAE

DL + SIDL REACTIONS L/C 1

Y = 112.577

LIVE LOAD REACTIONS L/C 2

Y = 112.577

Y = 157.500

BEARING REACTIONS
Sr No LOAD L/C Vertical
Y = 157.500 Fy kN
1 DEAD 1 112.577
2 LIVE 2 157.500
Y X TOTAL 270.077
Z
Design of Base Plate :-

Steel Properties :-
Y X
Yield Stress fy = 250 N/sqmm
Z
Permissible Bending Stress =.62fy = 155 N/sqmm
Permissible Shear Stress = .35fy = 87.5 N/sqmm

Bearing size = L = 450 mm


B= 450 mm
P= 270077 N
Upward Pressure = 1.334 n/sqmm
No of Stiffners = 3 Nos.
C/C distance of stiffners = 225 mm

BM/mm width of plate = 8440 n-mm

σbc= 155 n/sqmm

Bending moment to be taken by base plate M2= 8440 n-mm

tB= √ 6 (M2) /σbc = 18.08 mm


Thickness Provided by Flange = 0 mm
Provide Thickness of base plate = 19.00 mm
Size 450 x 450 x 20 mm

Design of Bearing Stiffners For Base Plate :-


Fy = 250 n/sqmm
Bearing Load DL+LL inc. Imp = 270077 n
No of Stiffners = 3 no
Bearing load /stiffner = 90026 n
Permissible Bearing Pressure =.8fy= 200 n/sqmm
Width of stiffner = 100 mm
t= 5 mm
Try thickness of stiffner = 8 mm
L= 500.00 mm
leff= .7L = 350
Check for compression :-
I= 666667 mm^4
A= 800 sqmm
r min= √ I/A 28.9 mm
l/r min = 12.12
fy = 250 n/sqm
γm 1.1
Rf= 0.85
fcd= 193 n/sqmm
P= 155 kN
Pu = 135.0385
safe
PROJECT: FOOT BRIDGE 44.5 MTR LONG ON PAVITTER BAINAE

DESIGN OF GUSSET PLATE


FINEL RESULT Pass Ratio= 0.703 Safe
Over Safe

DATA
Force in member 656.9 kN
LOADS Axial Force in plate P (Compression) = 328.45 kN
Factored Axial Force = 492.675 kN
KL/r = 68.83
Stress Reduction Factor = 0.798
maximum length Lx = 0.187
Length of member overall Ly = 0.15895
Section Dimensions

B= 0.008

No. of bolts= 2
dia of hole= 17.5

1
0.35

Section Properties
Element Area Izz m^4 Elem.CG (y) Ay Ay^2 IAA
sqm local Distance(m) 5=1x3^2 m^4
from A-A =1x3 (2+5)
1 2 3 4 5 6
1 0.003 0.000 0.004 0.000 0.000 0.000

Total= 0.003 0.000 0.000

Distance of CG of area from top ( y1) = ΣAy/ΣA = 0.0040 m

IAA = 0.0000 m^4

IZZ= ΣIAA-ΣA.y1^2= 1.49E-08 m^4

MOI about Y-Y

Element Area Iyy m^4 Elem. CG (y) Ay Ay^2 IYY


sqm local Distance(m) 5=1x3^2 m^4
from Y-Y =1x3 (2+5)
1 2 3 4 5 6
1 0.003 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Total= 0.003 0.000 0.000

IYY = 0.000 m^4

A= 0.00280 m^2
IZZ= 0.00000 m^4
IYY= 0.00003 m^4

Calculation for Safe Load


fy= yield stress of the material and 345
γmo =partial safty factor (5.4.1) 1.1 1.1
Memb

Pu 492.675

Length of member Effective KLz = 0.15895


Length of member Effective KLy = 0.1351075
Izz= 1.4933333E-08
Iyy 0.0000
A= 0.003
rz = √ Izz/A = 0.00
ry = √ Iyy/A = 0.10
KLz/rz =ratio of effective length to appropriate 68.83
KLy/ry =ratio of effective length to appropriate 1.34
Governing KL/r = 68.83
Buckling class 'b'
Stress reduction factor for compression χ = 0.798
for tension χ 1
Take χ 0.798
fcd= χ fy / γmo <= fy/ γmo = 250.28

Compression/ Tension members :-

Design compressive strenghth of a member =Pd

Pd = Ae fcd = 700.789090909
Where kN
Safe
Ae = effective sectional area
fcd = design compressive stress
fcd = χfy / γmo <= fy/ γmo r = √ I/A
KL/r = ratio of effective length to appropriate radius of gyration r

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