Conclusion

CHAPTER 6

CONCLUSION
1. The addition of fly ash leads to higher porosity at short curing time, while nano-
SiO2 acting as an accelerating additive, leads to more compact structures, even at
short curing time.

2. Water demand of nanoSiO2 is more than that of Portland cement. When nanoSiO2
is used in cement or concrete, high active water reducing admixture should be
added

3. Initial setting time and final setting time is decreased with increase in nanoSiO2 and
decrease with decrease in degree of fineness.

4. The result shows that when amount of nanoSiO2 is below 6% of weight of cement,
the strength of test piece at any age is higher than that of the fiducially piece. When
the amount of nanoSiO2 reaches 6% the strength begins to decrease, which shows
that amount threshold of nanoSiO2 is 6%.

5. The addition of polypropylene fibers at low values actually increases the 28 days
compressive strength but when the volumes get higher than the compressive
strength decreases from original by 3 to 5%.

6. The shear capacity of concrete increases when fibers are added. There is a
remarkable increase in load carrying capacity upto first crack appears.

7. Based on result and analysis it is concluded that addition of fly ash to concrete gives
the concrete a high degree of workability

8. Addition of 0.25% Polypropylene micro fibres increases the workability of the

resultant concrete even further

9. Addition of Nano particles decreases the workability of the concrete leading to a

stiffer concrete mix

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 Conclusion

10. Although addition of fly ash to concrete helps in increase in workability, it leads
to decrease in strength up to 8.5%

11. Addition of microfibers to concrete leads to increase in strengths of the concrete

12. Addition of Nano Particles to concrete leads to greater increase in strengths of

resultant concrete

13. Any shortfall in the strength due to use of fly ash is made up by using fibre which
also provides the necessary durability to concrete hence enhances economic criteria
addition of Nano particles also gives back the strength advantage, but its use is not
as economical as fibres

14. Synergistic reinforce effects of low modulus polypropylene fibres and Highly
reactive Nano particle in improving the flexural toughness and fracture properties
of concrete

15. Fly ash was useful in economising the construction since its replacement directly
reduces consumption of cement which is highly costly product to use as compared
with fly ash

16. Compressive strength test, it is expected that nano-scale SiO2 behaves not only as
filler to improve mortar cement microstructure, but also as a promoter of pozzolanic
reaction.

17. It is effective to add nano-SiO2 particles to cement mixtures for introducing high-
performance to concrete.

18. The nano-SiO2 can improve the microstructure and water permeability resistant
capacity of concrete.

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 Conclusion

Future Scope

1. Design concrete mix that is resistance to freeze–thaw, corrosion, sulphate, ASR,

and other environmental attacks.
2. Develop speciality products such as products with blast resistance and conductive
properties as well as temperature-, moisture-, and stress-sensing abilities
3. There is scope for work on how to increase the workability along with the
compressive strength of concrete.
4. Design of concrete mix that is Fire Resistant to the extent that excessive spalling
and cracking during a fire is avoided.
5. Here it was observed that optimum quantity of nano particles added was in the
range of 1-2%. This quantity can be enhanced to 3-4%, as not only quantity but also
economics of adding the nano particle can be revised. That is nano particles may
be available at a cheaper cost thanks to innovative manufacturing practises and
newer methods of manufacturing the same in future

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