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2. In using the design equation for heat transfer, 𝑞 = 𝑈𝐴∆𝑇𝑙𝑚 the U and A may either be
based on inside or outside area of the pipe. For a system where air is flowing inside a
pipe while being heated by condensing steam outside the pipe, the proper U and A to be
used is
A. Based on the inside area
B. Based on outside area
C. It does not matter
D. Based on the overall U
3. This factor depends on operating temperature, fluid velocity and length of service of heat
exchanger
A. U
B. h
C. Rf
D. Xw
4. Heat exchanger type most suitable for the construction and heat transfer in condensers
and cooling towers.
A. Direct contact HE
B. Transfer type HE
C. Regenerators
D. None of these
6. If the viscosity of fluid will increase, the heat transfer coefficient in a turbulent flow
system will
A. Increase
B. Decrease
C. Remain the same
D. Dramatically increase
11. Also known as surface condensers due to its extensive use in heating, cooling,
condensation evaporation processes.
A. Tubular HE
B. Shell and tube HE
C. Finned type HE
D. Compact HE
13. It is a method of developing the design for a heat exchanger wherein the engineer
assures the existence of an exchanger and makes calculations to determine if the
exchanger would handle the process requirements under reasonable conditions.
A. Heat exchanger modeling
B. Rating of heat transfer
C. Heat exchanger calculation
D. Heat transfer performance evaluation
15. Penetration theory relates average mass transfer coefficient (K) with diffusivity(D) as
A. 𝐾 ∝ 𝐷
B. 𝐾 ∝ 𝐷 0.5
C. 𝐾 ∝ 𝐷1.5
D. 𝐾 ∝ 𝐷 2
16. The method of solute transfer which involve rapid movement of large chunks of fluid in
turbulent motion.
A. Molecular diffusion
B. Kinetic transport
C. Thermal diffusion
D. Eddy diffusion
17. The measure of the relative effectiveness of momentum and energy transport by
diffusion in the velocity and thermal boundary layers is given by
A. Nusselt number
B. Prandtl number
C. Biot number
D. Reynolds number
18. The other term for long tube vertical rising film (LTVRF) evaporator is
A. Rillieux
B. Fairhurst
C. Ballou
D. Kestner
22. A dimensionless parameter that is expressed as heat capacity rate of exchanger per
heat capacity rate of fluid.
A. NTU
B. U
C. LMTD
D. e
28. Mass transfer coefficient (K) and diffusivity (D) are related according to film theory
A. 𝐾 ∝ 𝐷
B. 𝐾 ∝ 𝐷 0.5
C. 𝐾 ∝ 𝐷1.5
D. 𝐾 ∝ 𝐷 2
1
(8201.4419)(1000)
𝑈= = 1.6073 ≈ 𝟏. 𝟔𝟏𝟐𝒌𝑾/𝒎𝟐 . 𝑲
𝜋(0.025)(2.5)(25.9872)
𝜋
𝑚 = (997.245𝑘𝑔/𝑚3 )(3)( )(0.025)2 = 1.4686𝑘𝑔/𝑠
4
33. Water passes at a velocity of 1.2 m/s through a series of 25 mm diameter tubes 5 m long
maintained at 320 K. If the inlet temperature is 290 K, at what temperature will it leave?
A. 299K
B. 306K
C. 309K
D. 315K
34. Heat is transferred from one fluid steam to a second fluid across a heat transfer surface.
If the film coefficients for the two fluids are, respectively, 1.0 and 1.5 kW/m2.K.
A. 0.223 kW/m2.K
B. 0.318 kW/m2.K
C. 0.445 kW/m2.K
D. 0.565 kW/m2.K
Solution:
𝑄 1
= = 0.6 ≈ 𝟎. 𝟓𝟔𝟓𝒌𝑾/𝒎𝟐 . 𝑲
∆𝑇𝐴 1 1
1.0 + 1.5
114.4𝑘𝑊
𝐴= = 0.6769 ≈ 𝟎. 𝟔𝟔𝟕𝒎𝟐
3.4𝑘𝑊/𝑚2 . 𝐾(49.7068𝐾)
𝐶𝑀𝐵: 0.2(500) = 𝑥𝑝 𝑚𝑝
𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝐵𝑎𝑙: 𝑚𝑠 𝜆𝑠 = 𝑚𝑓 𝐻𝑓 + 𝑚𝑝 𝐻𝑝 + 𝑚𝑣 𝐻𝑣
43. An evaporator operating at 80°C is used to concentrate a juice from a solids content of
5% to a solids content of 25% using steam (75% quality) at 120.82 kPa (which leaves as
condensate at 80°C). The initial temperature and flow rate of the feed juice are 15°C and
5 kg/s. The overall heat transfer coefficient is 3500 W/m2.K and the area available for
heat transfer is 25 m2. Determine the steam economy available for the evaporator if the
specific heats of the feed and concentrated product are 3500 J/kg.K and 4000 J/kg.K
respectively.
A. 0.52
B. 0.67
C. 0.76
D. 0.82
𝜆1 = 2379.0226𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
𝐶𝑝 = 4.1858𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔. 𝐾
𝑚𝐹 𝑥𝐹 = (𝑚𝐹 − 𝑤)𝑥𝑇
𝑚𝑠 = 17775.0924𝑘𝑔/ℎ𝑟 ≈ 𝟏𝟕𝟕𝟖𝟐𝒌𝒈/𝒉𝒓
𝑚𝑣 16444.44
𝐸𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑦 = = = 0.9248 ≈ 𝟎. 𝟗𝟐𝟓
𝑚𝑠 17782
𝑞 17782(2202.4768) 1000
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = = ∗ = 56.7445𝑚2 ≈ 𝟓𝟔. 𝟒𝒎𝟐
𝑈∆𝑇 2800(120.5 − 52.0289) 3600
47. An open pan 20 cm in diameter and 8 cm deep contains water at 25°C and is exposed to
dry atmospheric air. If the rate of diffusion of water vapour is 8.54x10^-4 kg/h, estimate
the diffusion coefficient of water in air.
A. 1.99x10-5 m2/s
B. 2.23x10-5 m2/s
C. 2.38x10-5 m2/s
D. 2.58x10-5 m2/s
Solution:
From Antoinne’s Equation: 𝑃𝐻2 𝑂@25℃ = 23.6864𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔
𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝑃𝑇 𝑃𝑇 − 𝑃𝐴2
𝑁𝐴 = 𝑙𝑛
∆𝑧 𝑅𝑇 𝑃𝑇 − 𝑃𝐴1
48. A pan of 40 mm deep, is filled with water to a level of 20 mm and is exposed to dry air at
30°C. Calculate the time required for all the water to evaporate. Take, mass diffusivity is
0.25x10^-4 m2/s.
A. 500x10^3 s
B. 517x10^3 s
C. 535x10^3 s
D. 557x10^3 s
Given:
Deep, (x 2 – x1 ) = 40 – 20 = 20 mm = 0.020 m Temperature, T = 300 C + 273 = 303 K Diffusion
co- efficient , Dab =0.25X10 -4 m 2/s.
At 30°C
pw1 = 0.04242 bar
pw1 = 0.4242x10^-5 N/m2
Solution: 𝜌𝐻2 𝑂@30℃ = 994.6721𝑘𝑔/𝑚3
From Antoinne’s Equation: 𝑃𝐻2 𝑂@30℃ = 31.7402𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔
20
994.6721(8.314)(303.15𝐾)(1000)2
𝑡𝐹 =
101.325 − 0
0.25 × 10−4 (18)(101.325)𝑙𝑛
101.325
101.325 − 31.7402 ∗ 760
49. Pure nitrogen is passed over the opening of a long narrow test tube which contains liquid
cyclohexane filled to 11 cm below the top. The temperature is 17°C and the pressure is
1 atm. After 20.2 hr, the liquid level drops 0.22 cm. Using this data, determine the
diffusivity of the binary gas system.
A. 7.67x10^-5 ft2/s
B. 8.11x10^-5 ft2/s
C. 8.67x10^-5 ft2/s
D. 9.02x10^-5 ft2/s
Solution:
𝜌𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑜ℎ𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑛𝑒 = 48.6𝑙𝑏/𝑓𝑡 3
𝑃𝐵1 = 0.082𝑎𝑡𝑚
48.6(0.7302)(1.8)(298)(0.9584)((0.368)2 − (0.3608)2 )
𝐷=
2(84.16)(20.2)(3600)(1)(0.082 − 0)
50. 4 gallons of gasoline (A) is poured on a surface area of 20 ft2. Detrmine the time
necessary for the gasoline to evaporate into still dry air (B). The diffusivity is 6.5 ft2/hr.
Evaporation occurs through a 6 in film at 65°F. The gasoline has a vapor pressure of 2
psia.
A. 6.7 hr
B. 8.4 hr
C. 10.5 hr
D. 12.3 hr
53. A solid sphere of naphthalene (A) with a radius of 2.5 mm is surrounded by still air (B) at
300 K and 1 atm. Take the surface temperature of the naphthalene as 300 K and its
vapor pressure at this temperature as 0.104 mmHg. The diffusivity of naphthalene in air
at 318 K is 6.92x10^-6 m2/s. Determine the rate at which naphthalene evaporates.
A. 1.22x10^-8 kmol/m2.s
B. 1.41x10^-8 kmol/m2.s
C. 1.65x10^-8 kmol/m2.s
D. 1.89x10^-8 kmol/m2.s
Solution:
1 − 𝑦𝐴2
𝑛𝐴 = 4𝜋𝑟𝐷𝑣𝜌𝑚 𝑙𝑛
1 − 𝑦𝐴1
1 ∗ 1002 1−0
𝑛𝐴 = 4𝜋(0.0025𝑚)(6.92 × 10−6 𝑚2 /𝑠)( )𝑙𝑛
0.08205 ∗ 300 1 − 1.3684 × 10−4
56. Two large tanks, each containing a mixture of nitrogen (A) and oxygen (B), but at
different concentrations. Tank 1 has 85 mole percent nitrogen and 15 mole percent
oxygen, while tank 2 has 25 mole percent nitrogen and 75 mole percent oxygen. A tube
1.5 m long with an inside diameter of 0.150 m connects the two tanks. If the pressure is
1 atm and the temperature is 0°C, calculate the rate of diffusion of nitrogen between the
tanks assuming steady state transfer.
A. 5.31x10^-9 kmol/s
B. 5.71x10^-9 kmol/s
C. 5.92x10^-9 kmol/s
D. 6.12x10^-9 kmol/s
Solution:
𝐷𝐴𝐵
𝐽𝑁2 = − (𝑃 𝑃 )
𝑅𝑇𝐵𝑡 𝐴2− 𝐴1
0.181 𝜋 2
100 2 (0.25 − 0.85)(1)(4 ∗ 0.15 )
𝐽𝑁2 =− = 5.7086 × 10−9 ≈ 𝟓. 𝟕𝟏 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟗 𝒌𝒎𝒐𝒍/𝒔
0.08205(273.15)(1.5𝑚)
57. A carbon particle of diameter 0.12 in is burned in pure oxygen at 1440°F and 1 atm;
according to the reaction: 𝐶 + 𝑂2 → 𝐶𝑂2 . Assume that a layer of 𝐶𝑂2 forms around the
particle so that at the surface of the carbon particle 𝑃(𝐶𝑂)2 =1 atm and 𝑃(𝑂)2 =0. Far from
the particle, 𝑃(𝐶𝑂)2=0 and 𝑃(𝑂)2 =1 atm. Determine the rate of burning of the carbon.
A. 1.78x10^-3 lb/hr
B. 2.11x10^-3 lb/hr
C. 2.22x10^-3 lb/hr
D. 2.34x10^-3 lb/hr
Solution:
𝐷𝑣 = 4.3124𝑓𝑡 2 /ℎ𝑟
2 14.7𝑝𝑠𝑖
4𝜋𝐷𝑣 𝑃𝑇 4𝜋(4.3124𝑓𝑡 /ℎ𝑟)(1𝑎𝑡𝑚)( 1𝑎𝑡𝑚 )(
𝑁𝐴 = =
𝑅𝑇
58. It is desired to remove water from an air-water mixture which contains 35% water by
volume. The mixture diffuses into a section of still air 0.2 in in length, after which it is
completely removed from the mixture by absorption. At the absorption plane, the water
concentration is small enough to be neglected. The system operates at 1 atm and 59°C.
Determine the rate of water diffusing through the air layer.
A. 0.03 lb/mole/ft2.hr
B. 0.05 lb/mole/ft2.hr
C. 0.07 lb/mole/ft2.hr
D. 0.09 lb/mole/ft2.hr
59. A two-tube-pass heat exchanger (see fig.1) with water at 78°F and an average velocity
of 4.6 ft/s flowing in the tubes is used to cool steam at 2 psia. There are 126 tubes per
pass, and each tube is made of stainless steel with 𝑑0 = 0.625 𝑖𝑛, 𝑑𝑖 = 0.527 𝑖𝑛 and L=6
ft. The convective heat transfer coefficient of the outside surface of the tubes is 2050
Btu/hr.ft2.°F. calculate the amount of condensed steam in pounds.
A. 2311 lbm/hr
B. 2420 lbm/hr
C. 2490 lbm/hr
D. 2550 lbm/hr
60. What is the mole fraction of acetone in the gas phase which would be in equilibrium with
20 ppm acetone inthe aqueous phase?
A. 2.22x10^-8
B. 3.45x10^-6
C. 1.12x10^-4
D. 8.21x10^-3