And Analysis of Pedal Power Water Pumping System 1 2 PDF

AIJREAS VOLUME 2, ISSUE 5 (2017, MAY) (ISSN-2455-6300)ONLINE
Anveshana’s International Journal of Research in Engineering and Applied Sciences
A SCHEMATIC DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF PEDAL POWER

WATER PUMPING SYSTEM
Sai Kumar Amda
ME Cad Cam
Asst. Prof.
AHTC
ABSTRACT system comprises a bicycle, rim, impeller,

pulley and inlet and delivery pipes. A
In this paper, design and construct pedal
operated water pump which used in small
wheel is connected to another pulley with
irrigation and garden irrigation. The pedal a smaller diameter the final supporting
operated pump can be construct using local shaft is connected with an impeller
material and skill. A water system includes a through this process of paddling is used to
Centrifugal pump operated by pedal power. The lift water from a pipe into the form for
pump stand includes a housing in which a foot
pedal and a drive shaft rotate. It works on the
cultivation.
principle of compression and sudden release of a
tube by creating negative pressure in the tube and
this vacuum created draws water from the sump.
This bicycle pedal operated pumps water

at 2-3 gallons per minute from wells and boreholes
up to 23 in feet depth. Provides irrigation and
drinking water where electricity is not available.
They can be built using locally available materials
and can be easily adapted to suit the needs of local
people. They free the user from rising energy costs,
can be used anywhere, produce no pollution and
provide healthy exercise. Energy is the primary
and most universal measure of all kind of work by
human Being and nature. Everything what happen
in the world in the expression of flow of energy is Fig 1.1 Pedal Power Water Pump
one of its form. Most people use the world energy Machine
for input to their bodies or to the machines and
thus about fuels and power.
Energy is an important input in all

sectors of counters economy. Keywords:- Pedal,
Centrifugal Pump, Pulley, Shaft, Impeller etc.
CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION
The mechanism consists of single
centrifugal pump which is fixed with the
rear wheel bicycle. Paddling for just a Fig.1. 2 Motor driven PEDAL machine
minute for just a minute or two is enough
to pump 30-40 liters of water to a height of 1850s, steam-driven commercial
100 feet. Our project could prove helpful laundry machinery was on sale in the US
for rural areas. Which are facing load and UK. The rotary washing machinewas
shedding problem? It can be used mainly patented by Hamilton Smith in
for irrigation and water drawing water 1858.Because water often had to be hand
from wells and other water bodies.[1] This carried, heated on a fire for washing, then
is a centrifugal water pump which is run poured into the tub, the warmsoapy water
by rotating the pedal of a cycle. The was precious and would be reused, first to
EMAILID:anveshanaindia@gmail.com,WEBSITE:www.anveshanaindia.com
126
wash the least soiled clothing, then to

wash progressively dirtier laundry.
1.4. General Design
Specifications
The most important aspect in the
design of the machine is its ability to
perform as a device that eases the task
ofwashing clothes. In order to be a viable
solution in rural areas, the machine should
be able to deliver the samequality of
washing without adding excessive
overheads (in terms of water use, clothing Fig: 1.3 Driven Pully
wear, effort required tooperate, etc.). Thus
Additionally, while washing
the design and operation of the machine
machine clothes by hand, women spend
should be firmly grounded in the physics
hours learning over a concrete basin.
of clotheswashing, with a special emphasis
Clothes are washing by laboriously
on the mechanical aspects (since water
scrubbing each section of clothes over a
temperature and detergent compositionare
cement washboard with their hands
likely to vary).We also identified a number
immersed in detergents that are harmful to
of secondary goals with varying degrees of
the skin.
importance that couldhelp make the
machine more useful and thus more The pulley works like the wheel on
successful. The ability to spin-dry clothes the bike. The belt attaches it to the
would increasewater economy by generator. This allows the work done on
requiring fewer wash cycles, and could the bike to be translated to the generator.
relieve the strenuous task of manually The belt and the pulley are each one of six
wringing theclothes before they are hung simple machines, commonly used for all
to dry. If the layout of the machine sorts of mechanical projects.
allowed the user to perform manual work
(handcraft, food preparation, etc.) while CHAPTER-2
pedalling, we could further reduce the
amount of time consumed by washing. A LITARATURE REVIEW
number of safety features should also to be The surveys of the literature
included in order to mitigate the inherent regarding the Pedal driven machines are
safety issues involved ina chain-driven listed: ChaudharyPravin ,SolankiChirag
machine. If the machine was to be used in ,VaghelaJaydeep ,RabariMehul ,Detroja
a home, insuring its portability of would Pratik in their design and fabrication,
allow it to be shared among families, Pedal operated hacksaw machine which
transported close to a water source for can be used for industrial applications and
operation, or used in households where Household needs in which no specific
space is limited. input energy or power is needed. This
project consists of a crank and slider
mechanism. In the mechanism pedal is
directly connected to the hacksaw through
crank and slider mechanism for the
processing of cutting the wooden blocks,
metal bars, pvc materials. The objective of
the modal is using the conventional

127
mechanical process which plays a vital The team evaluated a number of

role. mechanisms that could serve as the basis
for the washing machine. Initialconcepts
using readily available parts. were developed starting from the
Innovation is its simple design using mechanical requirements of laundry
bicycle components, which is easy to washing, with inspiration drawnfrom
operate and without using electricity. existing and historical washing machines.
Methodolgy involved here using 2.2 Vertical-Axis Agitator
pedal operated and vibrating mechanism
cleaned variety of grain is collected The usual washing machine found
leaving chaffs, lighter impurities and in American homes consists of two
stones present in the grains. Ikechukwu verticalaxisconcentric tubs. The inner tub,
Celestine Ugwuoke, Olawale James which holds the clothes, has densely-
Okegbile, Ibukun Blessing Ikechukwu, spaced perforations which allow theto run
Robert Temitope John in their design and in and out easily. Soap and water are kept
development of a manually operated inside the outer tub during the wash cycle.
roasted groundnut seeds peeling machine. A centralagitator alternating directions
The machine comprises a specially induces friction between the clothes to
designed peeling chamber which greatly mechanically remove dirt and stains.
reduces the amount of breakages during Forthe spin cycle, water is emptied from
peeling and a transmission mechanism the outer drum and the inner drum is spun
which greatly reduces the required effort to centrifugally extract waterfrom the
to drive the system. It has a peeling clothes.
efficiency of about 85% which is an
improvement over previously fabricated
designs. The machine is easy to operate
and has a capacity of 5.4kg/hr of roasted
groundnut seeds. With such capacity, the
machine can be used both in medium scale
industries and also for domestic needs of
peeled roasted groundnut seeds. S.B. Patil,
A.D. Chendake, M.A. Patil, S.G. Pawar,
R.V. Salunkhe And S.S. Burkul[6] in their
design, A pedal operated maize Sheller
was designed, developed and built by
using locally available material with
overall dimensions of 1270×760×1150 Fig. 2.1 vertical axis agitator
mm. The machine could be operated
continuously for a comparatively long time 2.3 Horizontal-Axis Tumbler:
with high shelling rate without causing Commonly used in European homes, this
damage to kernels. Four shelling units washer also uses two concentrictubs;
were provided for shelling of maize cobs however their revolution axis is horizontal.
and operated with the chain and sprocket
arrangement. The results revealed that the
machine was easy to operate with an
average kernel shelling rate of 110 kg/hr
when operated by two persons
2.1 Probable Design Alternatives

128
clothes.use this mechanism.

Manufacturing of the helical fin proved to
be problematic, and the other
constructionbenefits we were hoping for in
the tilted axis design did not end up
materializing themselves. No
conclusivecleaning experiments were
performed using this design
Fig.2.2 Horizontal axis tumbler

Instead of using an agitator, the
horizontal washer utilizes fins along the
inner barrel that lift the clothes on theside
of the drum, and let them fall back in the
water on top of other clothes. Cycling the
clothes through the water in this fashion
eliminates the need for rapid changes in
the direction of rotation of the agitator, Fig. 2.4 Pedal powered
which results in lower energy water pumping machine
requirements. Since the drum is only filled 2.5 Three dimensional design in CATIA
up to one third with water, the machine
realizes a sizeable water economy.
2.4 Tilted-axis Tumbler:
A tub spinningat a inclined axis
using a helical fin would perform the same
kind of action, in a fashion similar to a
cement mixer
Fig.2.5 showing power transmission

 The Figure shown is the meshed
model of rigid flange coupling in the
Fig.2.3 Tilted axis tumbler ANSYS analysis for the static
structural process. To analyse, the
The tilted design (fig.2.3) would FEM triangular type of mesh is used
allow for easier addition of water and

129
for the rigid flange coupling in the energy of a prime mover (a electric motor
ANSYS environment. or turbine) first into velocity or kinetic
energy and then into pressure energy of a
 The number of elements used in this fluid that is being pumped. The energy
meshing is 71441and the number of changes occur by virtue of two main parts
nodes is 122228.In this process of the pump, the impeller and the volute or
regular type of meshing is done to diffuser. The impeller is the rotating part
analyse the process. that converts driver energy into the kinetic
energy. The volute or diffuser is the
 Using the working condition of the
stationary part that converts the kinetic
coupling a relative rotational
energy into pressure energy.
movement between the shafts comes
into picture consequently. Note: All of the forms of energy involved
in a liquid flow system are expressed in
The determination of the shear stress along
terms of feet of liquid i.e. head.
the contact region is essential. So, the
model is meshed and then analyzed to get 2.9 Generation of Rotational Force
the detail and authentic result of the
stresses of the contact region. The process liquid enters the
suction nozzle and then into eye (center) of
2.6 Gearing a revolving device known as an impeller.
When the impeller rotates, it spins the
The machine uses a regular mountain
liquid sitting in the cavities between the
bicycle transmission which can provide
vanes outward and provides centrifugal
different gear ratios. The user isexpected
acceleration.
to turn the pedals of the machine at about
60 rpm for the wash cycle, and a higher As liquid leaves the eye of the
110 rpm during impeller a low-pressure area is created
causing more liquid to flow toward the
2.7 PROBLEM FORMULATION
inlet. Because the impeller blades are
Rotary Pumps
curved, the fluid is pushed in a tangential
Rotary: "Moving or directed away
and radial direction by the centrifugal
from the center
force. This force acting inside the pump is
Liquid flow path inside a pump
the same one that keeps water inside a
A pumps is one of the most
bucket that is rotating at the end of a
simplest types of pumps that uses
string. Figure A.01 below depicts a side
centrifugal force to move at a pipe. The
cross-section of a centrifugal pump
basic purpose purpose of the pump is to
indicating the movement of the liquid.
convert the energy of an electric motor or
engine into velocity or kinetic energy and 2.10 Conversion of Kinetic Energy to
then into pressure of a fluid that is being Pressure Energy
pumped. Centrifugal pumps are most The key idea is that the energy
commenly used pump and their operating created by the centrifugal force is kinetic
cost is low compared to other pumps. They energy. The amount of energy given to the
are reputed for high reliability and ensure liquid is proportional to the velocity at the
smooth operation. edge or vane tip of the impeller. The faster
the impeller revolves or the bigger the
2.8 Working mechanism of a Rotary impeller is, then the higher will be the
Pump velocity of the liquid at the vane tip and
A centrifugal pump is one of the the greater the energy imparted to the
simplest pieces of equipment in any liquid.This kinetic energy of a liquid
process plant. Its purpose is to convert
130
coming out of an impeller is harnessed by Hand-rotary pump for transfering oil,

creating a resistance to the flow. The first water,alchole,diesel fuel,gasoline,
resistance is created by the pump volute
(casing) that catches the liquid and slows it 2.12 Cut-away of a pump showing
down. In the discharge nozzle, the liquid volute casing
further decelerates and its velocity is One of the main purposes of a
converted to pressure according to volute casing is to help balance the
Bernoulli’s principle. hydraulic pressure on the shaft of the
pump. However, this occurs best at the
Therefore, the head (pressure in terms of manufacturer's recommended capacity.
height of liquid) developed is Running volute-style pumps at a lower
approximately equal to the velocity energy capacity than the manufacturer
at the periphery of the impeller expressed recommends can put lateral stress on the
by the following well-known formula: shaft of the pump, increasing wear-and-
tear on the seals and bearings, and on the
H = vxv/2g
shaft itself. Double- volute casings are
Where, H = total head developed in feet used when the radial thrusts become
significant at reduced capacities.
v = velocity at periphery of
impeller in ft/sec Wear rings: Wear ring provides an easily
and economically renewable leakage joint
g = acceleration due to gravity – between the impeller and the casing.
32.2 feet/sec2 clearance becomes too large the pump
efficiency will be lowered causing heat
A HANDY formula for peripheral velocity and vibration problems. Most
is: v = N x D / 229 manufacturers require that you
where, disassemble the pump to check the wear
ring clearance and replace the rings when
v = velocity at periphery of impeller in this clearance doubles.
ft / sec
The basic purpose of a centrifugal
N = the impeller rpm (revolution per pump shaft is to transmit the torques
minute) encountered when starting and during
operation while supporting the impeller
D = impeller diameter in inches and other rotating parts. It must do this job
with a deflection less than the minimum
This head can also be calculated from the
clearance between the rotating and
readings on the pressure gauges attached
stationary parts.
to the suction and discharge lines.
1 Shaft Sleeve: Pump shafts are usually
Pump curves relate flow rate and
protected from erosion, corrosion, and
pressure (head) developed by the pump at
wear at the seal chambers, leakage joints,
different impeller sizes and rotational
internal bearings, and in the waterways by
speeds. The centrifugal pump operation
renewable sleeves. Unless otherwise
should conform to the pump curves
specified, a shaft sleeve of wear, corrosion,
supplied by the manufacturer. In order to
and erosion resistant material shall be
read and understand the pump curves, it is
provided to protect the shaft. The sleeve
very important to develop a clear
shall be sealed at one end. The shaft sleeve
understanding of the terms used in the
assembly shall extend beyond the outer
curves. This topic will be covered later
face of the seal gland plate. (Leakage
2.11 SPECIFICATION between the shaft and the sleeve should
131
not be confused with leakage through the to the bit-holding system of a continuous
mechanical seal). coal-mining machine.
Pump Capacity ANSYS design optimization enables
Capacity is the flow rate in gallons per the engineers to reduce the number of
minute (GPM) at which liquid is moved or costly prototypes, tailor rigidity and
pushed by the pump. flexibility to meet objectives and find the
Capacity depends on the pressure, proper balancing geometric modifications.
temperature, and viscosity of the liquid
being pumped, the size of the pump and Competitive companies look for ways
the shape of the cavities between the to produce the highest quality product at
vanes, and on the size and speed of the the lowest cost. ANSYS (FEA) can help
impeller. significantly by reducing the design and
Note: Pressure output of pumps is manufacturing costs and by giving
measured as "feet of head" rather than engineers added confidence in the products
"pounds per square inch" they design. FEA is most effective when
Since liquids are essentially used at the conceptual design stage. It is
incompressible, capacity is directly related also useful when used later in
with the velocity of flow in the suction manufacturing process to verify the final
pipe. This relationship is as follows: design before prototyping.
Q = 449 x V x A
OBTAIN THE SOLUTION:
Q = Capacity in
gallons per minute In this step we define the analysis type
V = Velocity in flow and options, apply loads and initiate the
in feet per second finite element solution.
A = Area of pipe in
square ft. This involves three phases:
Chapter 3  Pre – processor phase

3.1 Introduction to ANSYS:  Solution phase
3.1.1 REDUCING THE DESIGN AND  Post-processor phase
MANUFACTURING COSTS USING THE FOLLOWING TABLE SHOWS THE
ANSYS (FEA): BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF STEPS FOLLOWED
IN EACH PHASE:
The ANSYS program allows engineers
to construct computer models or transfer PREPROCES SOLUTION POST-
SOR PHASE PROCESS
CAD models of structures, products, OR
components, or systems, apply loads or
other design performance conditions and PHASE PHASE
study physical responses such as stress
GEOMETRY ELEMENTMATRI POST
levels, temperature distribution or the DEFINITION X SOLUTIO
impact of lector magnetic fields.In some S FORMULATION N
environments, prototype testing is OPERATI
undesirable or impossible. The ANSYS ONS
program has been used in several cases of
MESH OVERALL POST
this type including biomechanical GENERATIO MATRIX DATA
applications such as high replacement N TRIANGULARIZ PRINT
intraocular lenses. Other representative ATION OUTS(FO
applications range from heavy equipment R
REPORTS
components, to an integrated circuit chip,
)

132
MATERIAL (WAVE FRONT) POST 4.2 THE FIG SHOW THE PEDAL
DATA DESIGN IN CATIA
DEFINITION SCANNIN
S G POST
DATA
DISPLAY
S
CONSTRAIN DISPLACEMENT.
T
DEFINITION STRESS,ETC
S 4.3 THE FIG SHOWS THE CATIA
MODEL OF WASH MECHANISAM
LOAD CALCULATION
DEFINITION CHAPTER 5
MODEL ANALYSIS RESULTS
DISPLAYS
TABLE 3.1 MODEL ANSYS

CHAPTR-4
DESIGN USING CATIA
5.1 THE fig shows the pedal pumping

in ANYSIS
4.1 THE FIG SHOWES THE PEDAL

WATERPUMING SYSTEM IN CATIA
5.2 THE FIG SHOW S THE MESHING

OF THE PEDAL IN ANYSIS

133
FIG 6.1 Experimental Setup of Pedal

Operated Water Pump)
CHAPTER-7
CONCLUSIONS
The whole study over the topic that the
wheel deal bicycle powered water pump is
a very advantageous especially for rural
areas The problem of energy crises is very
big in India and many rural powered water
pump by use of this project we save
electricity and get a particular water head
5.3 Sketch showing the functioning of and we supply the water in irrigation. We
Diffusers in Centrifugal pumps will operate a water pump by using bicycle
mechanism in the project and we can fill
the water tank of housing power and get
construction work. when we drive a
bicycle the wheel of bicycle are rotate so
we can provide a pulley over the wheel the
pulley is mounted on the shaft impeller of
impeller of the pump the impeller is rotate
due to rotating of wheel with rotation of
pulley. So we operate the pump and
deliver the water at a particular head this
project is installed any of the place where
water. Create a simple and efficient way of
pumping water utilizing a human powered
bicycle for communities where electricity
5.4 Figure shows the Centrifugal pump is unavailable or impractical. Isolated
which is used to pump the water community with or without electricity in
need of efficient water pumping. Pumps
CHAPTER 6 can be adapted to fit individual community
needs. It can also be placed in garden, both
FINAL SETUP gardening & cycling can do
Pump was able to pump at maximum of 23 simultaneously. Operate pump near best
feet. At desired height of 18 feet pump efficiency point. Replace old pumps by
pumped at rate of 2.5 gallons/min. energy efficient pumps. Reduce system
resistance by pressure drop assessment and
pipe size optimization. Provide booster
pump for few areas of higher head.
SCOPE FOR FURTHER
IMPROVEMENT
Use of chair in place of cycle frame:
For making washing of clothes more
comfortable, the cycle frame can
bereplaced with a chair. Use of chair will
be more convenient for women.
134
• Use of Back Wheel of Bike: weldseveral structures with proper

alignment of components. The welded
The required rotation speeds during the structure will add to the weight of
wash cycle are not especially high. Theaim themachine, making it inherently less
is to agitate the fibers in the cloths and likely to vibrate. The steel structure may
work the water fully into and through the also be cemented into the ground toensure
fabric. This is done bytumbling the clothes stability and security of the machine from
within the drum and if the speed was too theft.
high the clothes would remain static
pressedagainst the side of the drum by Different Materials for Outer Barrel:
centrifugal forces. On the other hand, this
is exactly what’s needed during thespin We are considering using a steel oil drum
cycle in order to drive out the water. A so it can be welded directly tothe structure.
cyclist typically cranks the pedals at about Welded attachment points would not
50 to 100 RPM. Thehighest gearing ratio require any bolt holes that need to be
on a typical bike is about 3:1 (eg. 52 teeth sealed. The oil drummay also be shortened
to 14 teeth). If we want spin speeds of by cutting off the end, and welding on a
1,000 rpmthen we’ll require the final steel lid. Steel would also be more rigid
gearing ratio be closer to 20:1. We’ll than theplastic drum we used for the initial
achieve that by using the back wheel of the prototype, so it would be easier to align the
bikeas a massive pulley (26 or 27 inches in barrels and avoid collisionsduring rotation.
diameter). We’ll then use a large fan belt We are also considering using a cement
to drive a smaller pulley whichwill be basin that has the structure incorporated
connected to the drum via the two into it. Thiswould make the machine much
universal joints. If our final pulley is 3 easier to manufacture because most of the
inches in diameter then thewheel to pulley machine would be a single intactpiece.
ratio is about 9:1 and the total gearing
• Steering Column or Industrial Bearings:
about 27:1! A larger pulley would make
Since our washing machine does not
more sense,perhaps closer to 5" for a final
currently have a use for the steering
ration of about 15:1.
columns they receive, it would nice to
• Double Supported Inner Barrel: incorporate it into the washing machine
design so thecomponent would not go to
The inner barrel will be supported at waste. If we find that bicycle bearings are
both ends fixed to a rotating shaft. not suitable to support the load, wemay
Sincethe first prototype had one open end use industrial bearings with greater
to allow for side-loading, alternative tolerances and load capacities.
loading mechanisms must be designed.
• Extend Barrels Axially:
One option is to have a trap door in
both the inner and outer barrels. Another is We are assuming that extending
to make one of the supports forthe inner the barrel axially will not greatly increase
barrel movable so that the inner barrel can the effort that must be exerted to rotate the
still be opened and accessed from the side. barrel. Having longer barrels would
increase the capacity of the machine
• Welded steel structure: andthe amount of clothes that may be
washed at one time.
To reduce the assembly time and
prevent others from tampering with it in There are possibilities for dividing
public areas,the structure will be made out the outer barrel so that there are two
of welded angle iron. Welding fixtures compartments, which would allow for
may be designed to make it easier to washing to occur on one side and rising
135
occurring on the other with the same shaft

rotating two separate inner barrels.
CHAPTER 8
REFERENCE
1. S.M.Moghe&K.S.Zakiuddin (2013) “Design and
Development of Turmeric Polishing Machine
Energizedby Human Power Flywheel Motor.”-A
past review, Proceedings of the 1st International
and 16th NationalConference on Machines and
Mechanisms IIT Roorkee, India, Dec 18-20 2013
2. Bicilavadora: The Pedal-Powered Washing

Machine - IDEAS 2005 Proposal.
3. Bruzzone, M. &Wieler, A. (2010) “Reflecting on

an Intercultural Design-Build Project in the
KathmanduValley” Final Draft, February 5, 2010.
4. http://en.wikipedia.org/washing mc/pedal-
powered-washing-machine.htm
5. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washing machine.
6.
http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventions/wash
machine.htm
7. http://home.howstuffworks.com/washer1.htm
8.
http://www.apparelsearch.com/definitions/miscella
neous/washing_machine.htm

136

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AIJREAS VOLUME 2, ISSUE 5 (2017, MAY) (ISSN-2455-6300)ONLINE

Anveshana’s International Journal of Research in Engineering and Applied Sciences

A SCHEMATIC DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF PEDAL POWER

ABSTRACT system comprises a bicycle, rim, impeller,

This bicycle pedal operated pumps water

Energy is an important input in all

wash the least soiled clothing, then to

Anveshana’s International Journal of Research in Engineering and Applied Sciences

mechanical process which plays a vital The team evaluated a number of

2.1 Probable Design Alternatives

Anveshana’s International Journal of Research in Engineering and Applied Sciences

clothes.use this mechanism.

Fig.2.2 Horizontal axis tumbler

Fig.2.5 showing power transmission

Anveshana’s International Journal of Research in Engineering and Applied Sciences

coming out of an impeller is harnessed by Hand-rotary pump for transfering oil,

Chapter 3  Pre – processor phase

Anveshana’s International Journal of Research in Engineering and Applied Sciences

TABLE 3.1 MODEL ANSYS

5.1 THE fig shows the pedal pumping

4.1 THE FIG SHOWES THE PEDAL

5.2 THE FIG SHOW S THE MESHING

Anveshana’s International Journal of Research in Engineering and Applied Sciences

FIG 6.1 Experimental Setup of Pedal

• Use of Back Wheel of Bike: weldseveral structures with proper

occurring on the other with the same shaft

2. Bicilavadora: The Pedal-Powered Washing

3. Bruzzone, M. &Wieler, A. (2010) “Reflecting on

Anveshana’s International Journal of Research in Engineering and Applied Sciences

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