IoT Based Weather Station

For Farmers in Villages

An innovation by Sanchit Jain

Overview:
• This innovation aims at providing meteorological assistance to farmers. This innovation
is particularly useful in villages and towns where people require Real Time Clock
Weather Assistance (RTCWA).
• This project is a multi-utility tool that can be used to track traces of pollution as well as
measure wind systems.
• The innovation calibrates the values of all the required sensors and then does the
required action.

Problem statement:
• Inability of farmers to predict weather.
• Lack of assistance to farmers for specific weather conditions.
• Inability of farmers to defend their crops against specific weather conditions.
• Lack of financial stability to farmers to get RTCWA.
 Helpless Farmers

AccuWeather Forecast

Farmers in drought
Present System

The existing system in the towns and villages is stated as follows:

• Presently, farmers do not have a well trusted source to aware them about any upcoming
changing weather patterns.

• If the farmers are well enough to afford an internet connection, they take information from
online sites like Accuweather etc.

• These sites have data from satellites. The issue which arises is that the geographical area
covered by a satellite is very large, whereas a farmer needs information only about his area.

• Weather changes from place to place and from time to time. Therefore at times such data from
satellites may not be useful enough for farmers.

Changes in Weather and

Pressure System

Changes in Weather happen from

place to place & from time to time.
Proposed System

 Our proposed system is multi-functional tool. It has the

potential to know the real time clock status of Pollution
level, Wind Speed, Wind Force, Cloud Cover, Humidity,
Temperature, Altitude, Pressure & Dust Density.
 Our system is connected to a free cloud-based service
called BLYNK. This is an app provided by CLARA IO that
provides platform to young innovators to create wonderful
projects based on IoT & Wireless Communication. I am
using Wi-Fi Modules that let me connect my project with a
wireless network.
 Electronic Components
Used

The electronic components used in my project are:

1. WeMos D1 R2:

 WeMos D1 R2 is a Wi-Fi module that is manufactured by a Chinese Company called

WeMos. This module allows the microcontroller to be connected to a Wi-Fi network. This
 microcontroller has been used as it has a familiar Arduino UNO like structure which makes
it quite easier to program it.

 It is based on the ESP8266 Wi-Fi chip. It has 11

Digital I/O pins while 1 Analog Input Pin (Max.
Input: 3.2V). It has an input voltage of 9-24V. It is
compatible with both NodeMCU and Arduino. It
has 4 I2C pins. It can be connected via USB Cable.

2. NodeMCU:

 NodeMCU is also an open-source developable

Wi-Fi module that is manufactured by a
Company called Lolin. This module resembles a bit-like Arduino
NANO.

 It has 10 Digital I/O pins while 1 Analog Input Pin (Max. Input:
3.2V). It has an output voltage of 3.3 V on all of its pins. All of its
digital pins can function as PWM pins and I2C pins.

3. I2C LCD Display:

 I2C LCD Display is a display used with all Wi-Fi Based Boards. It
is just a normal LCD but has an additional attachment of an I2C
module that allows to reduce down the number of LCD pins from 16 to just 4.

 We had to use I2C Module as NodeMCU

does not have enough pins for a proper LCD
module. It has been used to display any kind
of ALERT TEXT to farmer. I have used I2C
LiquidCrystal library to work with this
module.

4. 128*64 I2C OLED Display:

 I have used an OLED display in order to give emphasis on the

ALERTS provided by microcontrollers. Farmer has a choice to
opt either for a simple LCD display or a monochrome OLED
display.

 This display supports I2C Communication (Communication with

2 Wires: SCL & SDA). We can display any sort of colourful text
with this display.
5. Dust Sensor: Dust Sensor gives a good indication of the air quality in an environment by
measuring the dust concentration. The Particulate Matter level (PM level) in the air is
measured by counting the Low Pulse Occupancy time (LPO time) in given time unit. LPO time
is proportional to PM concentration. This sensor can provide reliable data for air purifier
systems; it is responsive to PM of diameter 1μm. The sensor has an Infrared Emitting Diode
and a Light Dependent Resistor connected in a diagonal way. It has a digital output as well as
an analog output.

6. Solar Radiation Sensor:

 I am using a very sensitive 3.3V solar panel in order to measure the amount of solar
rays falling on it and then figuring out the approximate cloud cover. It outputs a
voltage to an analog pin.

7. I2C Analog Multiplexer:

 As the Wemos D1R2 and the NodeMCU supports only one Analog input pin, therefore
there was a need to use
an analog Multiplexer
that could increase the
number of analog inputs
for a single
microcontroller.

 The name of the module

used is ADS 1115. It is 16 a channel Analog multiplexer that has I2C pins for
communication. It has 4 additional analog pins: A0, A1, A2 & A3. 8.

8. Wind Sensor: We are using a 2V toy DC motor. When wind

moves the propeller attached to DC motor moves. It generates
a certain voltage that gets converted to an analog signal which
is attached to A0 of Wemos. the signal is then converted to
Wind Speed and then into Wind Force.

9. Adafruit BME280 Barometric Pressure Sensor: We are using a

Barometric Pressure Sensor that has an accuracy of 95%. It has
the potential to measure altitude, pressure and temperature. We use the value of this sensor
over the temperature values of DHT11 as this
one's temperature values are more accurate than
DHT.

10. MQ-2 Pollution Gas Sensor: As our

project is multi-purpose one, therefore we are
using a gas sensor that can detect poisonous
gases like Sulphur dioxide, Carbon monoxide,
LPG, PNG, Methane etc. With this sensor we can
measure traces of pollution.
11. DHT11 Sensor: DHT 11 is a type of temperature humidity sensor. Unlike DHT22, this is not
waterproof. In future, DHT 22 would be used. This sensor can measure both temperature &
humidity. It has a digital output pin. It uses DHT library for working.

12. 12. Indicative LEDs: These are LEDs enclosed inside a

plastic case. These are an additional utility embedded in order
to provide visual ALERTS to the farmer.

13. 13. Accelerometer

(ADXL3XX) : A triple-axis
accelerometer is used to gather
data regarding earthquakes. This module has the potential to judge any minute vibration/
disturbance. This sensor is enough to create an earthquake warning.

1 - 16 channel 10 bit Analog Multiplexer

2 - Wind Sensor

3 - Adafruit BME280

4 - MQ-2 Pollution Gas Sensor

5 - DHT11 Digital Humidity Temperature Sensor

6 - Indicative LEDs
A Cloud Based Utility Tool

We are using the cloud service provided by BLYNK. The Blynk app has made the coding of the project
extremely easily. It has a Blynk library. There are several widgets in this app. Sensors can push their
data on these widgets and the user can see it. Along with this, to alert the farmer, there are
notifications and emails. Using Blynk, the farmer can easily view the status of weather directly from
his phone.

7 - Blynk App Widgets

8 - Blynk data Screen

 Future Prospect

What we are thinking of as future is:

1. We will have an app that can be provided to each farmer. The farmer needs to connect his phone and
the setup to the network (Wi-Fi OR Phone). We need funds to publish app.

2. For further assistance to poor farmers, we are thinking to add GSM Module so that farmer can have
alerts even without a Wi-FI connection.

3. We are going to add pH sensor to measure the nature of soil, in order to inform farmers regarding
intensity of fertilizers currently added in soil.

4. We are going to add Gyroscope + Accelerometer module to measure wind direction.

5. In future we are going to use the Python Script, in order to get the data from MONEY CONTROL SITE.
Then it will predict the demand of fruits & vegetables to ensure the farmer which crop would yield
him more money. links for info:
Costing of Innovation

Innovation Cost without Future Prospect:

1. Structure: 150 Rs.

2. BME 280: 200 Rs.

3. Wemos : 300 Rs.

4. NodeMCU: 180 Rs.

5. DC Motor: 20 Rs.

6. Dust Sensor: 150 Rs.

7. Analog Multiplexer: 200 Rs.

8. I2C LCD: 250 Rs.

9. Solar Panels: 150 Rs. (total cost of 3)

10. OLED (optional) : 300 Rs.

11. LEDS: 50 Rs.

12. MQ-2 : 40 Rs.

13. Soil Moisture Sensor: 65 Rs.

Total: 1990 Rs.

With Future Prospect:

GSM Module: 800 Accelerometer + Gyroscope: 120 App Funding: 1500 (per Month)

Total: Near about 3500 Rs.

Thank You