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INTRODUCTION
PHASES OF DESIGN
CONCEPTUAL DESIGN PROCESS
INITIAL SIZING
TAKE-OFF WEIGHT BUILD UP (Ref: Raymer)
Crew and payload weight will be defined by the customer and it will be the design requirement
Fuel weight and empty weight of the Aircraft should be found by iterative process.
To simplify the calculation fuel weight and empty is expressed as the fractions of total take-off
weight
Therefore W0 can be determined if fuel weight fraction and empty weight fraction can
be estimated.
EMPTY WEIGHT ESTIMATION
FUEL FRACTION ESTIMATION
Cruise segment mission weight fractions can be found using the Breguet range equation
Loiter segment mission weight fractions can be found using the Endurance equation
Historical SFC trends
Typically, 6% of fuel will be allocated as reserve and trapped fuel
TAKE-OFF WEIGHT CALCULATION
Thrust to weight ratio and wing
loading
Aircraft with higher T/W accelerates quickly, climb rapidly, fly at
higher speed and sustain higher turn rate.
Higher T/W leads to more consumption of the fuel for the mission
in turn which will increase the gross take-off weight
T/W varies as fuel is burnt
Thrust varies with respect to altitude
T/W of Aircraft stand for zero velocity
Irrespective of the Aircraft, T/W of the Aircraft will be close to 0.05
Power loading:
Typically it refers to propeller powered Aircraft
Higher the power loading, smaller the engine
Acrobatic aircraft will have power loading of 6