Relation between determinants and matrices, Rank of matrices and Solution of the

equations

1. If A is a square matrix of order 3, then the true statement is (where I is unit matrix)
[MP PET 1992]
(a) det (−𝐴) = − 𝑑𝑒𝑡 𝐴(b) det 𝐴 = 0
(c) det (𝐴 + 𝐼) = 1 + 𝑑𝑒𝑡 𝐴 (d) det 2𝐴 = 2 𝑑𝑒𝑡 𝐴
2 5 0 3
2. If 𝐴 = [ ]and 𝐵 = [ ], then
3 7 4 1
(a) |𝐴𝐵| = |𝐴||𝐵| (b) |𝐴𝐵| = |𝐴|
(c) |𝐴𝐵| = |𝐵| (d) |𝐴𝐵| = −|𝐴||𝐵|
1 2 3 𝑥 4 −2
2
3. If [3 1 2] [𝑦] = [ 0 −6] [ ], then (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) =
1
2 3 1 𝑧 −1 2
(a) (−4,2,2) (b) (4, −2, −2)
(c) (4,2,2) (d) (−4, −2, −2)
1 0 1 𝑥 1
4. The solution of the equation [−1 1 0] [𝑦] = [1] is (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = [MP
0 −1 1 𝑧 2
PET 1991]
(a) (1,1,1) (b) (0, −12)
(c) (−1,2,2) (d) (–1, 0, 2)
5. Let A be a skew- symmetric matrix of odd order, then |A| is equal to
(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) – 1 (d) None of these
6. The equation
𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 1, 2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 2, 5𝑥 + 5𝑦 + 9𝑧 = 4 have
[EMACET 1987]
(a) Unique solution (b) Infinitely many solutions
(c) Inconsistent (d) None of these
 2 0 0 1 2 3
7. If A=[0 2 0]and 𝐵 = [0 1 3], then |𝐴𝐵|is equal to
0 0 2 0 0 2
[RPET 1995]
(a) 4 (b) 8
(c) 16 (d) 32
8. If A and B are square matrices of order 3 such that |𝐴| = −1, |𝐵| = 3, then |3𝐴𝐵|= [IIT
1988; MP PET 1995, 99]
(a) – 9 (b) – 81
(c) – 27 (d) 81
9. Equations 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 2,2𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 3will have [UPSEAT 1999]
(a) Only one solution (b)Many finite solutions
(c) No solution (d) None of these
1 2 3
10. If 𝐴 = [1 4 9 ], then the value of |𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴|is
1 8 27
[RPET 1999]
(a) 36 (b) 72
(c) 144 (d) None of these
11. If A be square matrix of order n and if |𝐴| = 𝐷 and |𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴| = 𝐷′ , then
[RPET 2000]
(a) 𝐷𝐷′ = 𝐷2 (b) 𝐷𝐷′ = 𝐷𝑛−1
(c) 𝐷𝐷′ = 𝐷𝑛 (d) None of these
12. The number of solution of the following equations 𝑥2 − 𝑥3 = 1, −𝑥1 + 2𝑥3 = −2, 𝑥1 −
2𝑥2 = 3 is
[MP PET 2000]
(a) Zero (b) One
(c) Two (d) Infinite
1 0 1
13. If 𝐴 = [2 1 0], then 𝑑𝑒𝑡 𝐴= [EAMCET 2002]
3 2 1
 (a) 2 (b) 3
(c) 4 (d) 5
2 3 1 4
14. The rank of the matrix, 𝐴 = [0 1 2 −1] is
0 −2 −4 2
[Kurukshetra CEE 2002]
(a) 2 (b) 3
(c) 1 (d) Indeterminate
15. The number of solutions of the system of equations 2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 𝑧 = 7, 𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 1, ⥂⥂
⥂⥂⥂ 𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 3𝑧 = 5is
[EAMCET 2003]
(a) 3 (b) 2
(c) 1 (d) 0
2 4 5
16. If 𝐴 = [ 4 8 10 ]. Then rank of A is equal to
−6 −12 −15
[UPSEAT 2004]
(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) 2 (d) 3
𝛼 2
17. If 𝐴 = [ ]and |𝐴3 |=125, then 𝛼 =
2 𝛼
[IIT Screening 2004]
(a) ± 3 (b) ± 2
(c) ± 5 (d) 0
1 1 1 𝑥 0 𝑥
18. If [1 −2 −2] [𝑦] = [3], then [𝑦]is equal to
1 3 1 𝑧 4 𝑧
[MP PET 2004]
1 1
(a) [1] (b) [−2]
1 3
1 1
(c) [−2] (d) [2 ]
1 −3
19. If 𝐴 ≠ 𝑂 and 𝐵 ≠ 𝑂 are n × n matrix such that 𝐴𝐵 = 𝑂, then [Orissa
JEE 2002]
(a) 𝐷𝑒𝑡(𝐴) = 0or 𝐷𝑒𝑡(𝐵) = 0
(b) 𝐷𝑒𝑡(𝐴) = 0and 𝐷𝑒𝑡(𝐵) = 0
(c) 𝐷𝑒𝑡(𝐴) = 𝐷𝑒𝑡(𝐵) ≠ 0
(d) 𝐴−1 = 𝐵−1
20. Let 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐be positive real numbers. The following system of equations in x, y and z
𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑧2 𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑧2 𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑧2
2
+ 2
− = 1, − + = 1, − + + =1
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐2 𝑎 2 𝑏 2 𝑐2 𝑎 2 𝑏 2 𝑐2

has [IIT 1995]

(a) No solution (b) Unique solution
(c) Infinitely many solutions (d) Finitely many solutions
3 5 1 17
21. If 𝐴 = [ ] and 𝐵 = [ ] then |𝐴𝐵| is equal to
2 0 0 −10
[Karnataka CET 2005]
(a) 80 (b) 100
(c) –110 (d) 92
22. Let the determinant of a 3 × 3 matrix A be 6 then B is a matrix defined by 𝐵 = 5𝐴2 . Then
det of B is
[Orissa JEE2005]
(a) 180 (b) 100
(c) 80 (d) None of these
𝑖
23. If 𝐴𝑖 = [𝑎𝑖 𝑏 𝑖 ]and if |𝑎| < 1, |𝑏| < 1, then ∑∞ 𝑑𝑒𝑡( 𝐴 )is equal to
𝑖=1 𝑖
𝑏 𝑎𝑖
[Kerala (Engg.)2005]
𝑎2 𝑏2
(a) 2
−
(1−𝑎) (1−𝑏)2

𝑎2 −𝑏2
(b)
(1−𝑎2 )(1−𝑏2 )

𝑎2 𝑏2
(c) 2
+
(1−𝑎) (1−𝑏)2
 𝑎2 𝑏2
(d) 2
−
(1+𝑎) (1+𝑏)2

𝑎 𝑏
(e) −
1+𝑎 1+𝑏

4 1 0 0
24. Rank of matrix [3 0 1 0]is [AMU 2005]
6 0 2 0
(a) 4 (b) 3
(c) 2 (d) 1
1 0 1 0
25. If 𝐴 = [ ] and 𝐼 = [ ], then which one of the following holds for all 𝑛 ≥ 1, (by the
1 1 0 1
principal of mathematical induction) [AIEEE 2005]
(a) 𝐴𝑛 = 𝑛𝐴 + (𝑛 − 1)𝐼
(b) 𝐴𝑛 = 2𝑛−1 𝐴 + (𝑛 − 1)𝐼
(c) 𝐴𝑛 = 𝑛𝐴 − (𝑛 − 1)𝐼
(d) 𝐴𝑛 = 2𝑛−1 𝐴 − (𝑛 − 1)𝐼
Relation between determinants and matrices, Rank of matrices and Solution of the
equations

1 a 2 a 3 a 4 d 5 a
6 a 7 c 8 b 9 c 10 c
11 c 12 a 13 a 14 a 15 d
16 b 17 a 18 d 19 a 2 b
0
21 b 22 a 23 b 24 c 25 c
Relation between determinants and matrices, Rank of matrices and Solution of the
equations

1. (a) Since det (−𝐴) = (−1)3 𝑑𝑒𝑡 𝐴 = − 𝑑𝑒𝑡 𝐴.

2. (a) We know that if A, B are n square matrices, then |𝐴𝐵| = |𝐴||𝐵|.
 1 2 3 𝑥 4 −2
2
3. (a) [3 1 2] [𝑦] = [ 0 −6] [ ] 𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 6
1
2 3 1 𝑧 −1 2
⇒ 3𝑥 + 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = −6
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 𝑧 = 0
On Simplification the above equation, we get the required result i.e., 𝑥 = −4, 𝑦 = 2, 𝑧 =
2.
1 −1
−1
1 0 1 2 2
1 1 −1
4. (d) Let 𝐴 = [−1 1 0] ⇒ 𝐴−1 2 2 2
0 −1 1 1 1 1
[2 2 2 ]
1 −1
−1
2 2 1 −1
−1 1 1 −1
∴ 𝐴𝑋 = 𝐵 ⇒ 𝑋 = 𝐴 𝐵 2 2 2
[1] = [ 0 ].
1 1 1 2 2
[2 2 2 ]
Alter :
1 0 1 𝑥 1
[−1 1 0] [𝑦] = [1]
0 −1 1 𝑧 2
𝑥 + 0𝑦 + 𝑧 1
⇒ [−𝑥 + 𝑦 + 0𝑧] = [1]
0𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑧 2
𝑥 + 𝑧 = 1 , −𝑥 + 𝑦 = 1, 𝑧 − 𝑦 = 2
⇒ (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = (−1,0,2).
5. (a) Let A be a skew-symmetric matrix of odd order, say (2𝑛 + 1).Since A is skew-symmetric,
therefore 𝐴𝑇 = −𝐴.
⇒ |𝐴𝑇 | = | − 𝐴| ⇒ |𝐴𝑇 | = (−1)2𝑛+1 |𝐴|
⇒ |𝐴𝑇 | = −|𝐴| ⇒ |𝐴| = −|𝐴|
⇒ 2|𝐴| = 0 ⇒ |𝐴| = 0.
6. (a) Here |𝐴| ≠ 0. Hence unique solution.
 2 0 0
7. (c) 𝐴 = [0 2 0] = 2𝐼
0 0 2
2 4 6
∴ 𝐴𝐵 = 2𝐼𝐵 = 2𝐵 = [0 2 6]
0 0 4
2 4 6
Therefore |𝐴𝐵| = |0 2 6| = 2(8) = 16
0 0 4
Alter : |𝐴| = 2 × 2 × 2 = 8, |𝐵| = 1 × 1 × 2 = 2
∴ |𝐴𝐵| = |𝐴||𝐵| = 2 × 8 = 16.
8. (b) |𝐴| = −1, |𝐵| = 3 ⇒ |𝐴𝐵| = −3
 |3𝐴𝐵| = (3)3 (−3) = −81.
1
9. (c) Form (ii) equation, 2(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 3 or 2.2 = 3 or = − (𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐)[(𝑎 − 𝑏)2 + (𝑏 −
2

𝑐)2 + (𝑐 − 𝑎)2 ]
Which is not feasible, so given equation has no solution.
1 2 3
10. (c) 𝐴 = [1 4 9 ]
1 8 27
2 3 1 4 2 3 1 4
Let 𝐴 = [0 1 2 −1] be co-factor of 𝐴 = [0 0 0 0] in A.
0 −2 −4 2 0 −2 −4 2
Then co-factor of elements of A are given by
4 9 2 3 2 3
C11   36 , C21   30 , 𝐶31 = | |=6
8 27 8 27 4 9
1 9 1 3 1 3
C12   18 , C 22   24 , 𝐶32 =| | = −6
1 27 1 27 1 9
1 2 2
1 4 1 2 1
𝐶13 = | | = 4, 𝐶23 = | | = −6, 𝐴 = | 2 1 −2|
1 8 1 8 3
−2 2 −1
2 𝜆 −4
 |𝐴| ⥂⥂= |−1 3 4|
1 −2 −3
1 𝜆+3 0
 | Adj(A)|  36(48  36)  30(36  24 ) |0 1 1|
0 −𝜆 − 5 −3
  1(−3 + 𝜆 + 5) ≠ 0 ⇒ 𝜆 + 2 ≠ 0 ⇒ 𝜆 ≠ −2..
11. (c) −𝑎(𝑏 − 𝑐) + 2𝑏(𝑏 − 𝑐) + (𝑎 − 𝑏)(𝑏 − 2𝑐) = 0for order n, 𝐷𝐷′ = 𝐷𝑛 .
𝟎 𝟏 −𝟏
12. (a) 𝑫 = |−𝟏 𝟎 𝟐 |=𝟎
𝟏 −𝟐 𝟎
1 1 −1
𝐷1 = |−2 0 2 | = 14 ⇒ 𝐷1 ≠ 0
3 −2 0
∵ 𝐷 = 0 and 𝐷1 ≠ 0,hence the system is inconsistent, so it has no solution.
1 0 1
13. (a) |𝐴| = |2 1 0| = 1(1 − 0) + 0 + 1(4 − 3) = 2.
3 2 1
2 3 1 4
14. (a) Given 𝐴 = [0 1 2 −1], (𝑅2 → 2𝑅2 + 𝑅3 )
0 −2 −4 2
2 3 1 4
𝐴 = [0 0 0 0]
0 −2 −4 2
2 3
Since every minor of order 3 in A is 0 and there exists a minor order 3 i.e. [ ] in A
0 −2
which is non-zero. Thus, rank = 2.
2 1 −1
15. (d) 𝛥 = |1 −3 2 |
1 4 −3
= 2(9 − 8) − 1(−3 − 2) − 1(4 + 3) = 7 − 7 = 0
Hence, number of solutions is zero.
2 4 5
16. (b) 𝐴 = [ 4 8 10 ]
−6 −12 −15 3×3
|𝐴| = 0, then rank cannot be 3.
2 4
Considering a 2 × 2 minor, [ ] its determinant is zero.
4 8
Similarly considering
4 5 4 8 8 10 2 5 4 10
[ ],[ ],[ ],[ ],[ ] their determinants are zero.
8 10 −6 −12 −12 15 4 10 −6 −15
Each rank can not be 2. Thus rank = 1.
17. (a) |𝐴3 | = 125; |𝐴|3 = 125 = 53
⇒ |𝐴| = 5  𝛼 2 − 4 = 5 ⇒ 𝛼 = ±3.
1 1 1 𝑥 0
18. (d) We have, [1 −2 −2] [𝑦] = [3]
1 3 1 𝑧 4
𝑥+𝑦+𝑧 =0 ......(i)
𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 2𝑧 = 3 ......(ii)
𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 𝑧 = 4 ....(iii)
1
On solving 𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 2, 𝑧 = −3 i.e., [ 2 ].
−3
19. (a) 𝐴 ≠ 𝑂 and 𝐵 ≠ 𝑂
∴ 𝐴𝐵 = 0
Hence, Det (𝐴) = 0 or Det (𝐵) = 0.
𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑧2
20. (b) Let = 𝑋, = 𝑌and = 𝑍, then the given system of equations is 𝑋 + 𝑌 − 𝑍 = 1,
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2

𝑋 − 𝑌 + 𝑍 = 1, −𝑋 + 𝑌 + 𝑍 = 1.
1 1 −1
The coefficient matrix is 𝐴 = [ 1 −1 1]
−1 1 1
Clearly |𝐴| ≠ 0. So, the given system of equations has unique solution.
21. (b) Since A and B are square matrix
 |𝐴𝐵| = |𝐴||𝐵|; |𝐴| = −10; |𝐵| = −10
 |𝐴𝐵| = 100.
22. (a) Given |𝐴| = 6 and 𝐵 = 5𝐴2
 |𝐵| = 5|𝐴|2 = 5 × 36 = 180.
𝑖
23. (b) |𝐴𝑖 | = |𝑎𝑖 𝑏 𝑖 | = (𝑎𝑖 )2 − (𝑏 𝑖 )2 , |𝑎| < 1, |𝑏| < 1
𝑏 𝑎𝑖
∑∞ 2 2 4 4 6 6
𝑖=1 |𝐴𝑖 | = (𝑎 − 𝑏 ) + (𝑎 − 𝑏 ) + (𝑎 − 𝑏 )+. . . . . ..

= (𝑎2 + 𝑎4 + 𝑎6 +. . . . . . ) − (𝑏 2 + 𝑏 4 + 𝑏 6 +. . . . . . . )
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑎2 −𝑎2 𝑏2 −𝑏2 +𝑎2 𝑏2
= 2
− =
1−𝑎 1−𝑏2 (1−𝑎2 )(1−𝑏2 )
 𝑎2 −𝑏2
= .
(1−𝑎2 )(1−𝑏2 )

4 1 0 0
24. (c) [3 0 1 0], (By 𝑅3 → 𝑅3 − 2𝑅2 )
0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0
= [0 0 1 0] , (By𝐶1 → 𝐶1 − 4𝐶2 − 3𝐶3 )
0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0
= [0 1 0 0],
0 0 0 0
(Replace 𝐶1 by 𝐶2 and then Replace𝐶2 by 𝐶3 )
Hence rank of matrix is 2.
1 0 1 0 1 0
25. (c) 𝐴2 = [ ][ ]=[ ]
1 1 1 1 2 1
1 0 1 0 1 0
𝐴3 = [ ][ ]=[ ]
2 1 1 1 3 1
1 0
 𝐴𝑛 = [ ]
𝑛 1
𝑛 0 𝑛−1 0
𝑛𝐴 = [ ] , (𝑛 − 1)𝐼 = [ ]
𝑛 𝑛 0 𝑛−1
1 0
𝑛𝐴 − (𝑛 − 1)𝐼 = [ ] = 𝐴𝑛 .
𝑛 1