PAINTS & COATINGS

Paint is typically a mixture of a liquid and one or more colorants (pigments). The liquid is called
a vehicle or binder (adhesive) and may include a solvent or thinner along with the coating agent.
The fundamental purpose for painting is decorating, whereas the purpose for coating is for
protection.

CONSTITUENTS OF PAINT
1. Pigment
 also called colorants or colored powders which are used for the paint's color and opacity
e.g. TiO2 - has high refractive index producing white coloration
Finely divided CaCO3 - low refractive index, when mixed with TiO2 produces matt
paints

2. Extenders/Fillers – larger pigment particles added to improve adhesion, strengthen films

and save binder (e.g. talc, china clay, gypsum, silica, barite, glass flakes, asbestos, anhydride)

3. Binder (Resin) – critical to performance of coatings which holds the pigments in place

3 Most Important Binders in Paints:

a. Acrylic Polymers (resins)
 used in water-borne emulsion paints

b. Alkyd Polymers (resins)

 used in decorative gloss paints

c. Epoxy Polymers (resins)

 used in industrial coatings

4. Vehicles – the liquid portion composed of natural/modified natural oils, resins and water

5. Diluent Or Thinner
 gives the paint its required viscosity
 increase fluidity, making paint more smooth, help penetration into porous surfaces

6. Additives
 used to modify the properties of the liquid paint or dry film

Additives may include:

 Dispersants: to separate and stabilize pigment particles
  Silicones: to improve weather resistance
 Thixotropic agents: to give paint a jelly-like consistency that breaks down to a
liquid when stirred or when a brush is dipped into it
 Driers: to accelerate drying time
 Anti-settling agents: to prevent pigment settling

TYPES OF PAINTS AND COATINGS

1. Oil- Based Coatings

 Oil-based paints (oil paints) are among the oldest organic coating materials
 Oil paints consist of natural drying oils which undergo autoxidative polymerization in
the presence of catalytic driers and atmospheric oxygen.
 Oil paints are relatively environmentally friendly as long as harzardous solvent and
toxic pigments are not used.
 Coatings derived from oil paints are tough but not excessively hard, and exhibit
limited weather resistance

2. Cellulose-Based Coatings

3. Chlorinated Rubber Coating

MANUFACTURING PROCESS

1. Pre-Assembly And Premix

 In this step, the liquid raw materials (e.g. resins, solvents, oil, alcohol, and/or water) are
“assembled” and mixed in containers to form a viscous material to which pigments are
added.
 At this stage, the particles are rather large (250 pm) and not consistenly mixed

2. Dispersion
 deagglomeration or grinding of aggregates of individual particles
 wetting of particles with solvent
 uniformly distributing particles in liquid phase

3. “Let-Down”/Thinning
 Material letdown, or thinning, is the process by which a completed mill base
dispersion is let down or reduced with solvent and binder to give a coating which is
designed to provide a durable and serviceable film that is easily apllied to the surface.
  The volume of the paint may increase significantly at this point depending on the final
product specifications

4. Tinting/Shading
 Adding color to white bases or adjusting the color of solid color bases that have been
formulated as complete products
 Various combinations of pigments, solvents, resins and pastes are added to the
material to meet the color requirements.

5. Filtering And Filling Operations

 After the desired paint quality is achieved, the paint is strained or filtered to remove
foreign materials.
 Fabric or metal screen filters, vibrating or variable-speed centrifugal clarifiers,
vibrating screens, and cartridge filters can be used.

6. Quality Control
REFERENCES:

Manufacture of Paint and Allied Coating Products. (1984, September). Retrieved May

08, 2018, from https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/84-115/84-115.pdf

C. (2017, April 03). Retrieved May 08, 2018, from

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i59_jEKtw5w

IMPORTANT PAINT MANUFACTURING PROCESSES. (n.d.). Retrieved May 08, 2018,

from https://www.scribd.com/doc/6842234/IMPORTANT-PAINT-MANUFACTURING-

PROCESSES

Nagar, V. (2017, January 16). Production & Operations of Paint. Retrieved May 08,

2018, from https://www.slideshare.net/VickyNagar1/production-operations-of-paint

PAINTS AND COATINGS

Submitted by:

Andrada, Allen M.
Claveria, Camille S.
Cruz, Marianne V.
Sacanle, Kristine Angelica A.

9:00-10:30 TTh