Professional Documents
Culture Documents
DE ORO
A Research Proposal
Submitted To
In Partial Fulfillment To
The Requirements In
Submitted By
BABAISON, DAPNE V.
JAVIER, JENNIFER D.
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
industry due to its unacceptable high rate injury (Cheng et al., 2012;
Choudhry and Fang, 2008). In order to resolve the glitch on risk and
have several negative impacts not only on the direct cost of treatment
and compensation but are also link to loss of productivity and low
lessen adverse health and safety incidents and have even become a
The reasons construction is risky and prone to health and safety risks
construction project itself. The alarming injury and fatality rates that are
construction works are working around mobile plant and live traffic,
ground (Hoonakker et al., 2005; Gittleman et al., 2010; Biggs et al., 2013).
to tidy sites and decent welfare, manual handling, and transport on site.
operations, ensure that they are trained and competent and know the
special risks of their trade and raise problems with their site supervisor or
by a person at work and which protects him against one or more risks to
and used that will reduce or eliminate risk to injury. However, where PPE
is the only effective means of controlling the risks of injury or ill health,
then employers must ensure that PPE is available. PPE should be worn at
wear a hard hat, coveralls, safety footwear, gloves, eye protection and
changed rapidly over the past years; companies are faced with more
risk and uncertainty than ever before. Clients expect more, most
importantly, they do not want surprises, and are more likely to engage
between these new risks and uncertainties and the success of the
project they are managing and forced them to ask “Does operational
4
projects?”.
It was found out that 25-40% of mortality in the world are attributable
concerned parties: the contractor, the owner, the designer, and the
experiences.
site, the common types of injuries, the adopted safety standards, the
construction?
1.4 OBJECTIVES
in Cagayan de Oro, and to assess where risks are most likely dominant
analysis.
vertical construction.
construction sites.
d)To find out how the adopted safety practices affect the
Health
Safety
physical injury. Health and safety are normally used together to show
worry for the mental and physical health of the individuals at work
Accident
event that injures people or damages their health. It also refers to any
Risk
lost depending on the type of risk taken by a person. Risk can also be
Hazard
Construction
Contractor
work environment.
11
CHAPTER II
Vertical Structures
role in developing the Philippine economy. These roles create jobs for
services that has: (1) an asset size (less land) of up to PhP100 million; and
(2) an employment size with less than 200 employees. Based on these
partnership or corporation).
respectively.
(Figure 1). MSMEs in real estate, renting and business activities represent
6.1 percent (47,569), and those involved in other community, social and
analysis generally shown that construction sites within the study area
have a common hazards that are not being well taken care of which
13
had a high exposure to the workers at sites such as: (1) Protective
hazard is very high which is 134 out of 140 sites, (2) Noise was also
ranked 2 with frequency 134 out of 140 sites, and (3) Fire and
emergency hazards was ranked 2 as well but with a frequency 118 out
project site workers within the scope of study had a low level of
Due to its nature, the industry provides opportunities for employment for
the risk and that it is only carried out only during construction phase. The
for risk assessment and that risks are evaluated based on individual
major losses not just financial but also human losses in the Jordanian
procedure
15
personnel.
the following:
that signifies the limitations of the existing regulations and the new ones
construction industry;
safety performance.
16
Cause of accidents
behind the cause of the said accident is still deficient. There was a time
in Britain where there were over 1500 people killed and 25,000-30,000
factor to accidents.
Accidents are not just a result of an injury but it also events like
damaging tools and materials. But most of the people only focuses on
the physical injuries instead the totality of the damage. Accidents were
merely caused by the lack of safety awareness from the higher ups,
(1) Using Defective Equipment, a very unsafe action that may lead to a
equipment, (3) Human factor, there are workers who are working in the
influence of alcohol or drugs that might affect their way of working and
thinking that might affect their own critical thinking and (4) Poor Site
Hui Liy et. al. (2016) resolved that from the investigations on the types of
fall accidents on sites, the most dangerous type are roof and
is a cause for this type of accident. The causes of the falls could be
carrying out activities such as: running weekly inspection and creation
and the supervision on site. Hence, the mentioned activities warrant the
Effects of Accidents
Bengt (2007) concluded that the construction has more accidents and
one of the least safe industries. These accidents are resulting in financial
19
loses, injuries, disabilities and deaths and that is most likely similar to the
2004 that killed 11 people and 26 were severely injured. Problems like
environment in the working place. These problems are either due to the
the reported data from the labour Offices and Accidents Registers
around the country of Uganda during the period of 2001-2005. from its
statistics it was found out that the annual averages were 54 cases on
building sites, 103 cases on the construction sites including building and
384 for all industries construction inclusive. The commonly accident that
human cost, Accidents can also cause delays in the construction and
will then be added to the employer like tangible cash for medical,
has a safer place for the employees compared to the smaller or limited
scope projects. Small and medium projects has a 79.5% of risk and is
the workers view the safety practices and performance in the field.
which not only ensure safe conditions for work but also instill safe
equipment safe for use, but also with changing the perception and
attitude of workers for whom these facilities have been provided for.
2001).
Safety Practices
Pollack and Chowdhury (2001) stated that over the years, the
they are:
express that safety of the workers are to be managed in the same way
the projects have a safe start and daily tasks are performed with safety
first place.
the desired goal which is zero accidents. What could also be a good
The research also found out that the mean recordable rates
techniques, a 1.58 drop difference was evident. While it was clear that
case rates, there were several techniques which were not that
Safety Policies
in Tripoly City. All the respondents (30) 100% stated that they did not
have a written policy in their firms or their construction projects. They are
regular health and safety inspections. The findings of this paper suggest
and competence level are three relatively weak facets of the industry’s
Safety Programs
later on concluded that larger firms strictly recognize such program and
that they also had the safest operations. Since workers are provided
with proper orientation about safety, lower injury rates were recorded.
et al. (2018) stated that hitches often approached in the safety and
in this paper. Also, Adeogun & Okafor (2013) noted that the workers in
25
study, about 79.5 % of the respondents could not identify the correct
knowledge as per OSH and its ineffective enforcement. This feature can
be verified from the outcome of their data gathering and analysis that
researcher identified twenty causes and the result revealed that lack of
education about safety and health in the place of work. There should
technique that was used in the interviews. The researcher adopted and
the UAE in the pursuit of developing the industry’s safety and health
have the tendency not to apply health and safety costs. This research
programs for their employees. It is reflected on the 18% who verified that
training program for all staff and employee. A safe and health
the organization to endow workers with the right tools, equipment and
statistics and scale ranking. It was revealed in the study that companies
Kumasi has serious insufficient facilities, gadgets and structures that the
reported having no safety officer while both companies who didn’t staff
site.
the construction industry, including: (1) Low priority given to safety; (2)
management
had 12 votes and the “time barrier” which had only 7 votes out of 52.In
enable safe construction are not readily available (Choi et al., 2012;
that the financial benefits of OHS investment is not obvious in the short
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
3.1 INTRODUCTION
that was used in commencing the study. The chapter also displays and
indicates the population sample size that was used to analyze the data.
produce the research questionnaire and design. A case study and the
in this study and the case study design is found viable that can be link to
access freely through the use of internet browsing. Though there are
2. Company Visit
researchers also aim to get a copy of the safety and risk guidelines
from each company that will also be helpful in determining the gap
enables the researcher to use her judgment to select cases that will
population for the study is small or very difficult to locate and recruit for
objectives.
encountered on site.
34
3.5.1 QUESTIONNAIRE
taken into account while developing the questionnaire for the purpose
the research aims and objectives, coupled with what has been
The questionnaire was divided into nine parts which are the
non-conforming behavior
supervision of subcontractors.
investigation strategies
safety guidelines together with the survey papers from the different
existing risk assessment approach in the chapter 2. The surveys and the
safety and risk guidelines will serve as the basis to firmly support the new
break down data and to clarify the nature of the component parts and
responses. This was used to generate tables, pie charts and other
relevant graphs.
more dominant in low, middle or high rise buildings. With the risk
construction)
construction)
1.4 Objectives…………………………………………………………………..6
3. METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction…………………………………..…………….…………….30
3.5.1 Questionnaire…………………………………………………..34
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BIBLIOGRAPHY
during 2001-2005
Champoux, D., & Brun, J.-P. (2003). Occupational Health and Safety
145-155.
DekiPelzomDukpa , PhuntshoDendup . Occupational Health and
Hamid, Abdul Rahim Abdul., Majid, Muhd Zaimi Abd., & Singh,
2016
Hinze, J. Improving Safety Performance on Large Construction Sites.
University of Florida
http://QUT.eblib.com.au/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=807375
Technology. 2012
Mining.