BS 6349 in Action

Designing a Blockwork Quay Wall

Designing a Blockwork Quay Wall

BS 6349 in Action
Stuart Richley

Stuart Richley
Project Engineer
CH2M

BS 6349: “Maritime Works”

13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 1
Presentation overview
• Blockwork quay wall overview

Designing a Blockwork Quay Wall

• Examples of blockwork quay
walls

BS 6349 in Action

Stuart Richley
• How to design a blockwork
quay wall
– Actions
– Design methods
– Design situations
– Failure mechanisms

BS 6349: “Maritime Works”

13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 2
Blockwork quay wall overview
• What is a blockwork quay wall?

Designing a Blockwork Quay Wall

• Why use blockwork quay walls?
• Design guidance provided in BS 6349-2:2010

BS 6349 in Action

Stuart Richley
• Forms of blockwork walls

BS 6349: “Maritime Works”

13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 3
Bonded blockwork quay wall example

Designing a Blockwork Quay Wall

BS 6349 in Action

Stuart Richley
BS 6349: “Maritime Works”
13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 4
Bonded blockwork quay wall example

Designing a Blockwork Quay Wall

BS 6349 in Action

Stuart Richley
BS 6349: “Maritime Works”
13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 5
Column blockwork quay wall example

Designing a Blockwork Quay Wall

BS 6349 in Action

Stuart Richley
BS 6349: “Maritime Works”
13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 6
Column blockwork quay wall example

Designing a Blockwork Quay Wall

BS 6349 in Action

Stuart Richley
BS 6349: “Maritime Works”
13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 7
Actions on quay wall
• Backfill

Designing a Blockwork Quay Wall

• Water lever differences
(e.g. tidal lag)

BS 6349 in Action
•

Stuart Richley
Waves
• Port equipment
• Cargo
• Ship berthing
• Ship mooring
• Seismic

BS 6349: “Maritime Works”

13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 8
Actions on quay wall - Backfill
• Determined using lateral earth theory (BS 6349-2:2010)

Designing a Blockwork Quay Wall

• Seismic effects (BS EN 1998-5:2004)
• Virtual back

BS 6349 in Action
•

Stuart Richley
Relieving effect of overhanging blocks
• Multiple backfill layers

BS 6349: “Maritime Works”

13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 9
Actions on quay wall - Backfill

Designing a Blockwork Quay Wall

BS 6349 in Action

Stuart Richley
BS 6349: “Maritime Works”
13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 10
Actions on quay wall - Backfill
• Determined using lateral earth theory (BS 6349-2:2010)

Designing a Blockwork Quay Wall

• Seismic effects (BS EN 1998-5:2004)
• Virtual back

BS 6349 in Action
•

Stuart Richley
Relieving effect of overhanging blocks
• Multiple backfill layers

BS 6349: “Maritime Works”

13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 11
Actions on quay wall - Hydrostatic actions

• Design situations

Designing a Blockwork Quay Wall

• Tidal lag
• Convert to hydrostatic load

BS 6349 in Action

Stuart Richley
• Partial factors (BS 6349-1-2:2016 Cl. 6.1.4):
– Permanent and variable
– Single source (BS EN 1997-1:2004, Cl. 2.4.29)

BS 6349: “Maritime Works”

13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 12
Actions on quay wall - Wave loading
• Covered in BS 6349-1-2:2016 Cl. 25.6.2

Designing a Blockwork Quay Wall

• Incident waves
• Reflecting waves (negative pressures)

BS 6349 in Action
•

Stuart Richley
Secondary wave (surf beat) (BS 6349-1-2:2016 Cl. 13)

BS 6349: “Maritime Works”

13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 13
Actions on quay wall - Port equipment
• BS 6349-1-2:2016 Cl. 32

Designing a Blockwork Quay Wall

• Obtain equipment loading
• Assess equipment state and location

BS 6349 in Action

Stuart Richley
• Determine worst
case loading
• Co-existent
loadings
(combinations)

BS 6349: “Maritime Works”

13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 14
Actions on quay wall - Cargo
• BS 6349-1-2:2016 Cl. 31

Designing a Blockwork Quay Wall

• Obtain ground loading
• Assess possible cargo

BS 6349 in Action
locations and loading

Stuart Richley
• Co-existent loadings
(combinations)

BS 6349: “Maritime Works”

13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 15
Actions on quay wall - Ship mooring
• Design methods in BS 6349-4:2014 Cl. 9

Designing a Blockwork Quay Wall

• Consider the range of mooring line angles
• Partial factors provided separately in BS 6349-1-2:2016 (Table 8)

BS 6349 in Action

Stuart Richley
BS 6349: “Maritime Works”
13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 16
Actions on quay wall - Ship berthing

• BS 6349-4:2014

Designing a Blockwork Quay Wall

• Characteristic force
• Design force

BS 6349 in Action

Stuart Richley
• Predominant load in the
shoreward direction
• Vertical loads due to
vessel movement

BS 6349: “Maritime Works”

13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 17
Design situations

• Defined in BS 6349-1-2:2016

Designing a Blockwork Quay Wall

– Persistent
– Transient

BS 6349 in Action

Stuart Richley
– Accidental
– Serviceability

• Determine the partial factors on actions and

combination factors (provided in BS 6349-1-2:2016)

BS 6349: “Maritime Works”

13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 18
Failure mechanisms

• Covered in

Designing a Blockwork Quay Wall

BS 6349-2:2010
• Sliding

BS 6349 in Action

Stuart Richley
• Overturning
• Foundation failure
• Deep slip

BS 6349: “Maritime Works”

13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 19
Failure mechanisms

• Serviceability limits

Designing a Blockwork Quay Wall

• Structural failure of blocks
• Eccentricity of resultant

BS 6349 in Action

Stuart Richley
vertical load (BS EN 1997)

BS 6349: “Maritime Works”

13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 20
Any further questions?

Designing a Blockwork Quay Wall

BS 6349 in Action

Stuart Richley
BS 6349: “Maritime Works”
13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 21