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ECUACIONES DIFERENCIALES
Integrantes:
2016-A
EXAMEN PARCIAL
Solución:
V = 150cm3
′
𝑚𝑔 1𝑐𝑚3 𝑥(𝑡) 1𝑐𝑚3
𝑥(𝑡) = 0,3 3 . ( )− ( )
𝑐𝑚 𝑚𝑖𝑛 180𝑐𝑚3 𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑑𝑥(𝑡) 𝑚𝑔 𝑥(𝑡)
= 0,3 −
𝑑𝑡 𝑚𝑖𝑛 180𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑑𝑥 54 − 𝑥
=
𝑑𝑡 180
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑡
=
54 − 𝑥 180
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑡
∫ =∫
54 − 𝑥 180
𝑡
−𝐿𝑛(54 − 𝑥) = +𝑐
180
54 − 𝑥 = 𝑐𝑒 −𝑡/180
𝑡
𝑥(𝑡) = 54 − 𝑐𝑒 −180 … (𝛼)
x(0) = 54 − ce−0/180
𝑐 = 54
Reemplazando el dato obtenido en la ecuación (α)
t
x(t) = 54 − 54e−180 … (𝛽)
𝑥(𝑡)
0.05 =
180
𝑥(𝑡) = 9
9 = 54 − 54𝐞−𝐭/𝟏𝟖𝟎
45 = 54𝐞−𝐭/𝟏𝟖𝟎
45
𝐿𝑛 ( ) = 𝐿𝑛(𝒆−𝒕/𝟏𝟖𝟎 )
54
𝑡
−0,1823 = −
180
𝑡 = 32,82𝑚𝑖𝑛
2. Resuelva la EDO:
𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝒅𝒚
𝟐
+𝟐 + 𝒚 = 𝒆−𝒙 𝒍𝒏𝒙 + 𝒙𝒆−𝒙 + 𝒔𝒆𝒏𝟒𝒙
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙
Solución:
Sustituyendo: 𝑒 𝜆𝑥 = 𝑦
𝑑2 𝑑
(𝑒 𝜆𝑥 ) = 𝜆2 𝑒 𝜆𝑥 (𝑒 𝜆𝑥 ) = 𝜆𝑒 𝜆𝑥
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
𝜆2 𝑒 𝜆𝑥 + 2 𝜆𝑒 𝜆𝑥 + 𝜆𝑒 𝜆𝑥 = 0
Al factorizar:
(𝜆2 + 2 𝜆 + 𝜆) = 0
(𝜆 + 1)2 = 0
Pero: 𝜆 = −1 𝑜 𝜆 = 1
y1 (x) + y2 (x)
𝑦1 (𝑥) = 𝑐1 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑦2 (𝑥) = 𝑐2 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑥
𝑐1 𝑐2 𝑥
𝑦(𝑥) = 𝑦1 (𝑥) + 𝑦2 (𝑥) = +
𝑒𝑥 𝑒𝑥
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
+ 2 + 𝑦 = 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑙𝑛𝑥 + 𝑥𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛4𝑥
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑦𝑐 (𝑥):
𝑥
𝑦𝑏1 (𝑥) = 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑦𝑏2 (𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥
𝑥
𝑒 −𝑥
𝑒𝑥
𝑊(𝑥) = | 𝑑 𝑑 𝑥 |
(𝑒 −𝑥 ) ( )
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑒 𝑥
𝑥
𝑒 −𝑥
𝑊(𝑥) = | 𝑒𝑥 −2𝑥
𝑥|=𝑒
−𝑒 −𝑥 𝑒 −𝑥 − 𝑥
𝑒
𝑓(𝑥)𝑦𝑏2 (𝑥)
𝑉1 (𝑥) = − ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑊(𝑥)
𝑓(𝑥)𝑦𝑏1 (𝑥)
𝑉2 (𝑥) = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑊(𝑥)
Determinando V1(x):
(𝑒 −𝑥 𝑙𝑛𝑥 + 𝑥𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛4𝑥) 𝑥
𝑉1 (𝑥) = − ∫ ∗ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑒 −2𝑥 𝑒
𝑙𝑛𝑥 𝑥
𝑉1 (𝑥) = − ∫( + + 𝑠𝑒𝑛4𝑥) 𝑥𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑒𝑥 𝑒𝑥
1 2 𝑥2 𝑥3 1 𝑥
𝑉1 (𝑥) = − 𝑥 ln(𝑥) + − − 𝑒 [(17𝑥 + 15)𝑠𝑒𝑛4𝑥 + (8 − 68𝑥)𝐶𝑜𝑠4𝑥]
2 4 3 289
Determinando V2(x):
(𝑒 −𝑥 𝑙𝑛𝑥 + 𝑥𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛4𝑥) −𝑥
𝑉2 (𝑥) = ∫ ∗ 𝑒 𝑑𝑥
𝑒 −2𝑥
𝑙𝑛𝑥 𝑥
𝑉2 (𝑥) = ∫ ( + + 𝑠𝑒𝑛4𝑥) ∗ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑒𝑥 𝑒𝑥
𝑥2 1
𝑉2 (𝑥) = 𝑥𝑙𝑛(𝑥) − 𝑥 + − 𝑒 𝑥 [4𝐶𝑜𝑠(4𝑥) − 𝑆𝑒𝑛(4𝑥)]
2 17
1 𝑥2 𝑥3
𝑦𝑝 (𝑥) = {− 𝑥 2 ln(𝑥) + −
2 4 3
1 𝑥
− 𝑒 [(17𝑥 + 15)𝑠𝑒𝑛4𝑥 + (8 − 68𝑥)𝐶𝑜𝑠4𝑥]} 𝑒 −𝑥
289
𝑥2 1 𝑥 𝑥
+ {𝑥𝑙𝑛(𝑥) − 𝑥 + − 𝑒 [4𝐶𝑜𝑠(4𝑥) − 𝑆𝑒𝑛(4𝑥)]} 𝑥
2 17 𝑒
3. Suponga la estructura representada por el siguiente modelo:
K=2600N/m C=20Ns/m
Fig1.
Solución:
ƩF = ma
𝑋𝑡 = 𝑋𝑐 + 𝑋𝑝
Hallando Xc:
−2 ± √22 − 4(1)(260)
𝑟1,2 =
2(1)
𝑟1 = −1 + 16.09𝑖
𝑟2 = −1 – 16.09𝑖
Para la ecuación:
−3340𝐵 − 120𝐴 = 0
𝐴 = −0.029 𝐵 = 0.001
Para la ecuación:
𝑋𝑝2 = −0.037
𝑋𝑝 = 𝑋𝑝1 + 𝑋𝑝2
Solución general:
𝑋(0) = 0
𝑋’(0) = 0
𝐶1 = 0.066
𝐶2 = −0.065
Fig2.
Solución:
𝑑𝑉1
= 𝐴 − 𝐵 ⇒ 𝑉1(𝑡) = (𝐴 − 𝐵)𝑡 + 𝑉1⁄0
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑉2
= 𝐵 − 𝐶 ⇒ 𝑉2 (𝑡) = (𝐵 − 𝐶)𝑡 + 𝑉2⁄0
𝑑𝑡
−2𝑡
𝑄2 (𝑡) = 600 − 60𝑒 75 (10𝑡 + 9)
Fig3.
Solución:
𝐼(𝑡) ∗ 𝑅 + 𝐼´(𝑡) ∗ 𝐿 = 𝐸
𝑡=0
𝐼´(0) ∗ 𝐿 = 𝐸
𝐸 24
𝐼´(0) = = = 24
𝐿 1
𝐼(0) = 0
𝑅 𝐸
𝐼´(𝑡) + 𝐼(𝑡) ∗ =
𝐿 𝐿
𝐼´(𝑡) + 12 ∗ 𝐼(𝑡) = 24
𝐼(𝑡) = 𝑒 − ∫ 12𝑑𝑡 [∫ 24𝑒 ∫ 12𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 + 𝐶]
𝐼(𝑡) = 2 + 𝑒 −12𝑡 ∗ 𝐶
𝑡=0
𝐼(0) = 0 = 2 + 𝑒 −12𝑡 ∗ 𝐶
𝐶 = −2
𝐼(𝑡) ∗ 𝑅 + 𝐼´(𝑡) ∗ 𝐿 = 𝐸
𝑅 𝐸
𝐼´(𝑡) + 𝐼(𝑡) ∗ =
𝐿 𝐿
𝐼´(𝑡) + 𝐼(𝑡) ∗ 12 = 12 ∗ cos(24𝑡)
𝑒 12𝑡
∫ cos(24𝑡) ∗ 𝑒 12𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = cos(24𝑡) ∗ + 2 ∫ 𝑒 12𝑡 ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑛(24𝑡)𝑑𝑡
12
12𝑡
12𝑡
𝑒
∫ 𝑒 ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑛(24𝑡)𝑑𝑡 = 𝑠𝑒𝑛(24𝑡) ∗ − 2 ∫ 𝑒 12𝑡 ∗ 𝑐𝑜𝑠(24𝑡)𝑑𝑡
12
𝐼 ∗ = ∫ cos(24𝑡) ∗ 𝑒 12𝑡 𝑑𝑡
{
∗
𝑒 12𝑡 𝑒 12𝑡
𝐼 = cos(24𝑡) ∗ + 2 (𝑠𝑒𝑛(24𝑡) ∗ − 2𝐼 ∗ )
12 12
∗
𝑒 12𝑡 𝑒 12𝑡
5𝐼 = cos(24𝑡) ∗ + 𝑠𝑒𝑛(24𝑡) ∗
12 6
∗
𝑒 12𝑡 𝑒 12𝑡
𝐼 = cos(24𝑡) ∗ + 𝑠𝑒𝑛(24𝑡) ∗
60 30
𝑒 12𝑡 𝑒 12𝑡
𝐼(𝑡) = 𝑒 −12𝑡 [12 (cos(24𝑡) ∗ + 𝑠𝑒𝑛(24𝑡) ∗ )]
60 30
cos(24𝑡) 2𝑠𝑒𝑛(24𝑡)
𝐼(𝑡) = + + 𝑒 −12𝑡 ∗ 𝐶
5 5
𝑡 = 𝑡𝐴𝐵
cos(24𝑡𝐴𝐵 ) 2𝑠𝑒𝑛(24𝑡𝐴𝐵 )
𝐼(𝑡𝐴𝐵 ) = + + 𝑒 −12𝑡𝐴𝐵 ∗ 𝐶 = 2
5 5
cos(24𝑡𝐴𝐵 ) 2𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑡𝐴𝐵 )
𝐶 =2− −
5 5
cos(24𝑡) 2𝑠𝑒𝑛(24𝑡) cos(24𝑡𝐴𝐵 ) 2𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑡𝐴𝐵 )
𝐼(𝑡) = + + 𝑒 −12𝑡 ∗ 2 − −
5 5 5 5