1.

0 INTRODUCTION

The traditional methods of conducting laboratory activities will not be able to provide the
avenue for students to enhance independent learning activities and inculcate creativity and
innovation. Level 0 is fully prescriptive where problem, ways & means and answers are
provided to the students. However it is still necessary especially to first and second year
students. In these laboratory activities, students are required to record the noise generated
by traffic by determining the L10which the noise level are exceeded by 10% of the
specified time. Students are encouraged to develop their critical analysis skills by
analysing and presenting the experimental results appropriately.

2.0 OBJECTIVE

 To determine the traffic noise level at L10

3.0 APPARATUS

Sound level meter

4.0 PROCEDURE

The procedures of the experiment are as follows:

 The recorder was positioned and set according to their manuals specifications as steps
in 2) to 4) for the purpose of measuring road traffic noise.
 Power the meter and Frequency Weighting (A) was selected. Then, desired Time
Response (Fast) was selected. If the sound source consists of short bursts or the
application calls for capturing only sound speak, set response to FAST. To measure
average sound level, use the SLOW setting. Select A- weighting for averaged, flat-
response sound level readings or C- weighting for human ear response simulation
where the tests are conducted for personnel safety analysis.
 The desired range was manually selected.
 The instrument was hold comfortably in hand or position on tripod. The microphone
was pointed towards the noise source, the sound pressure level will be displayed on
the meters LCD display.
 When MAX (maximum hold) mode is selected by pressing the MAX key. The
instrument captures and holds the maximum noise level reading on the display. The
MAX key was press again to clear the MAX reading.
 The samples were taken for 30 minutes and later analyse to determine the estimated
𝐿10 value.
 Turn OFF the instrument and battery was removed when not in use.
 The measurement required was all recorded for the traffic noise prediction, such as
distances of point source to receive and traffic volumes. With these information
together with the manual, ‘Calculations of Road Noise, 1975 HMSO’, the predicted
value of 𝐿10 can be calculated.
5.0 LOCATION OF STUDY

main road /busy road /

Small road / non-busy

road / minor road

UiTM Shah Alam

6.0 RESULT AND ANALYSIS

RESULT FOR HIGHWAY TRAFFIC NOISE MEASUREMENT

1st Location : Jalan ilmu 1/1(minor road) Day : Wednesday

Time : 8:40 – 9:10 am. Date : 6/3/2019

Weather : Sunny

30 minutes duration for every 30 seconds

No Date Time Value A/C Range Over/Under Noise Source

1. 6/3/2019 8:40:30 58.7 C 30 – 130 - -

2. 6/3/2019 8:41:00 65.9 C 30 – 130 - -

3. 6/3/2019 8:41:30 71.6 C 30 – 130 - Sound from motorcycle’s

engine

4. 6/3/2019 8:42:00 56.2 C 30 – 130 - -

5. 6/3/2019 8:42:30 58.3 C 30 – 130 - -

6. 6/3/2019 8:43:00 61.2 C 30 – 130 - -

7. 6/3/2019 8:43:30 60.5 C 30 – 130 - -

8. 6/3/2019 8:44:00 68.1 C 30 – 130 - Sound from motorcycle’s

engine

9. 6/3/2019 8:44:30 52.5 C 30 – 130 - -

10. 6/3/2019 8:45:00 69.4 C 30 – 130 - Sound from motorcycle’s

engine

11. 6/3/2019 8:45:30 60.9 C 30 – 130 - -

12. 6/3/2019 8:46:00 78.7 C 30 – 130 - Sound from car and

motorcycle’s engine
13. 6/3/2019 8:46:30 64.3 C 30 – 130 - -

14. 6/3/2019 8:47:00 67.9 C 30 – 130 - Sound from motorcycle’s

engine

15. 6/3/2019 8:47:30 61.5 C 30 – 130 - -

16. 6/3/2019 8:48:00 56.4 C 30 – 130 - -

17. 6/3/2019 8:48:30 72.3 C 30 – 130 - Sound from bus’s engine when
it is started to move

18. 6/3/2019 8:49:00 60.0 C 30 – 130 - -

19. 6/3/2019 8:49:30 64.6 C 30 – 130 - Sound from motorcycle’s

engine

20. 6/3/2019 8:50:00 57.9 C 30 – 130 - -

21. 6/3/2019 8:50:30 58.8 C 30 – 130 - -

22. 6/3/2019 8:51:00 55.1 C 30 – 130 - -

23. 6/3/2019 8:51:30 56.1 C 30 – 130 - -

24. 6/3/2019 8:52:00 60.9 C 30 – 130 - -

25. 6/3/2019 8:52:30 57.6 C 30 – 130 - -

26. 6/3/2019 8:53:00 68.7 C 30 – 130 - Sound from motorcycle’s

engine

27. 6/3/2019 8:53:30 63.0 C 30 – 130 - -

28. 6/3/2019 8:54:00 57.5 C 30 – 130 - -

29. 6/3/2019 8:54:30 80.0 C 30 – 130 - Sound from car’s engine when
it is started to move

30. 6/3/2019 8:55:00 64.0 C 30 – 130 - -

31. 6/3/2019 8:55:30 57.7 C 30 – 130 - -

32. 6/3/2019 8:56:00 60.0 C 30 – 130 - -

33. 6/3/2019 8:56:30 63.2 C 30 – 130 - -

34. 6/3/2019 8:57:00 58.3 C 30 – 130 - -

35. 6/3/2019 8:57:30 60.4 C 30 – 130 - -

36. 6/3/2019 8:58:00 55.3 C 30 – 130 - -

37. 6/3/2019 8:58:30 58.9 C 30 – 130 - -

38. 6/3/2019 8:59:00 71.8 C 30 – 130 - Sound from car and

motorcycle’s engine

39. 6/3/2019 8:59:30 72.6 C 30 – 130 - Sound from car and

motorcycle’s engine

40. 6/3/2019 9:00:00 59.6 C 30 – 130 - -

41. 6/3/2019 9:00:30 57.5 C 30 – 130 - -

42. 6/3/2019 9:01:00 56.8 C 30 – 130 - -

43. 6/3/2019 9:01:30 59.2 C 30 – 130 - -

44. 6/3/2019 9:02:00 62.4 C 30 – 130 - -

45. 6/3/2019 9:02:30 70.2 C 30 – 130 - -

46. 6/3/2019 9:03:00 59.6 C 30 – 130 - -

47. 6/3/2019 9:03:30 61.2 C 30 – 130 - -

48. 6/3/2019 9:04:00 60.4 C 30 – 130 - -

49. 6/3/2019 9:04:30 59.1 C 30 – 130 - -

50. 6/3/2019 9:05:00 70.6 C 30 – 130 - Sound from car and

motorcycle’s engine
51. 6/3/2019 9:05:30 57.9 C 30 – 130 - -

52. 6/3/2019 9:06:00 64.4 C 30 – 130 - -

53. 6/3/2019 9:06:30 62.6 C 30 – 130 - -

54. 6/3/2019 9:07:00 59.5 C 30 – 130 - -

55. 6/3/2019 9:07:30 71.2 C 30 – 130 - Sound from car’s engine

56. 6/3/2019 9:08:00 59.6 C 30 – 130 - -

57. 6/3/2019 9:08:30 74.1 C 30 – 130 - Sound from car and

motorcycle’s engine

58. 6/3/2019 9:09:00 72.2 C 30 – 130 - -

59. 6/3/2019 9:09:30 58.5 C 30 – 130 - -

60. 6/3/2019 9:10:00 62.8 C 30 – 130 - Sound from motorcycle’s

engine
2nd Location : Jalan ilmu 1/1 (Major road) Day : Wednesday

Time : 9:15 – 9:45 am. Date : 6/3/2019

Weather : Sunny

No Date Time Value A/C Range Over/Under Noise Source

1. 6/3/2019 9:15:30 67.5 C 30 – 130 - -

2. 6/3/2019 9:16:00 69.7 C 30 – 130 - -

3. 6/3/2019 9:16:30 75.9 C 30 – 130 - Sound from car’s engine

4. 6/3/2019 9:17:00 63.8 C 30 – 130 - -

5. 6/3/2019 9:17:30 56.4 C 30 – 130 - -

6. 6/3/2019 9:18:00 73.3 C 30 – 130 - Sound from car’s engine

7. 6/3/2019 9:18:30 71.2 C 30 – 130 - -

8. 6/3/2019 9:19:00 78.8 C 30 – 130 - Sound from bus’s engine

9. 6/3/2019 9:19:30 65.7 C 30 – 130 - -

10. 6/3/2019 9:20:00 61.3 C 30 – 130 - -

11. 6/3/2019 9:20:30 61.4 C 30 – 130 - -

12. 6/3/2019 9:21:00 67.1 C 30 – 130 - -

13. 6/3/2019 9:21:30 67.9 C 30 – 130 - -

14. 6/3/2019 9:22:00 65.4 C 30 – 130 - -

15. 6/3/2019 9:22:30 68.4 C 30 – 130 - -

16. 6/3/2019 9:23:00 62.4 C 30 – 130 - -

17. 6/3/2019 9:23:30 60.9 C 30 – 130 - -

18. 6/3/2019 9:24:00 74.6 C 30 – 130 - Sound from motorcylce’s
engine

19. 6/3/2019 9:24:30 71.5 C 30 – 130 - -

20. 6/3/2019 9:25:00 64.4 C 30 – 130 - -

21. 6/3/2019 9:25:30 66.7 C 30 – 130 - -

22. 6/3/2019 9:26:00 67.1 C 30 – 130 - -

23. 6/3/2019 9:26:30 70.2 C 30 – 130 - Sound from car’s engine

24. 6/3/2019 9:27:00 69.0 C 30 – 130 - -

25. 6/3/2019 9:27:30 69.0 C 30 – 130 - -

26. 6/3/2019 9:28:00 63.0 C 30 – 130 - -

27. 6/3/2019 9:28:30 78.0 C 30 – 130 - Sound from humans talking and
bus’s engine

28. 6/3/2019 9:29:00 66.1 C 30 – 130 - -

29. 6/3/2019 9:29:30 70.4 C 30 – 130 - Sound from bus’s engine

30. 6/3/2019 9:30:00 67.8 C 30 – 130 - Sound from humans talking and
bus’s engine

31. 6/3/2019 9:30:30 69.2 C 30 – 130 - -

32. 6/3/2019 9:31:00 69.1 C 30 – 130 - Sound from bus’s engine

33. 6/3/2019 9:31:30 66.9 C 30 – 130 - -

34. 6/3/2019 9:32:00 77.8 C 30 – 130 - Sound from car and

motorcycle’s engine

35. 6/3/2019 9:32:30 69.4 C 30 – 130 - -

36. 6/3/2019 9:33:00 69.3 C 30 – 130 - -

37. 6/3/2019 9:33:30 65.5 C 30 – 130 - -

38. 6/3/2019 9:34:00 72.2 C 30 – 130 - Sound from motorcycle’s

engine

39. 6/3/2019 9:34:30 69.5 C 30 – 130 - -

40. 6/3/2019 9:35:00 66.7 C 30 – 130 - -

41. 6/3/2019 9:35:30 69.6 C 30 – 130 - -

42. 6/3/2019 9:36:00 64.9 C 30 – 130 - -

43. 6/3/2019 9:36:30 73.4 C 30 – 130 - -

44. 6/3/2019 9:37:00 74.7 C 30 – 130 - Sound from car and

motorcycle’s engine

45. 6/3/2019 9:37:30 73.7 C 30 – 130 - -

46. 6/3/2019 9:38:00 63.4 C 30 – 130 - -

47. 6/3/2019 9:38:30 70.4 C 30 – 130 - -

48. 6/3/2019 9:39:00 64.6 C 30 – 130 - -

49. 6/3/2019 9:39:30 82.6 C 30 – 130 - Sound from bus’s engine when
it is started to move

50. 6/3/2019 9:40:00 69.8 C 30 – 130 - -

51. 6/3/2019 9:40:30 71.0 C 30 – 130 - Sound from bus’s engine

52. 6/3/2019 9:41:00 66.9 C 30 – 130 - -

53. 6/3/2019 9:41:30 71.0 C 30 – 130 - -

54. 6/3/2019 9:42:00 78.4 C 30 – 130 - Sound from human talking and
bus’s engine

55. 6/3/2019 9:42:30 70.2 C 30 – 130 - -

 56. 6/3/2019 9:43:00 79.2 C 30 – 130 - Sound from bus’s engine

57. 6/3/2019 9:43:30 67.3 C 30 – 130 - -

58. 6/3/2019 9:44:00 64.0 C 30 – 130 - -

59. 6/3/2019 9:44:30 72.6 C 30 – 130 - Sound from car’s engine

60. 6/3/2019 9:45:00 71.6 C 30 – 130 - Sound from humans talking and
car’s engine

DATA ANALYSIS

1st Location : Jalan ilmu 1/1(minor road)

Noise Number of Cumulative Number of Observation Mean Noise Level (v)

Level Observation
Group
( dBA)
50-54.9 1 1 52.45
55-59.9 24 25 57.45
60-64.9 19 44 62.45
65-69.9 5 49 67.45
70-74.9 9 58 72.45
75-79.9 1 59 77.45
80-84.9 1 60 82.45
∑𝑓 = 60
 NOISE LEVEL PATTERN
85

80 80

75
NOISE LEVEL (dB)

70

65

60

55
52.5
50

45

40
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
time (s)

Frequency Histogram for Traffic Noise Study

30

25 24

20 19
Frequency

15

10 9

5
5
1 1 1
0
50-54.9 55-59.9 60-64.9 65-69.9 70-74.9 75-79.9 80-84.9
Noise Level (dB(C))

L10=max noise level-{(max noise level-min noise level)/100x10%)}

=80-{(80-52.5)/100x10%}

=77.25
2nd Location : Jalan ilmu 1/1 (Major road)

Noise Number of Cumulative Number of Mean Noise Level (v)

Level Observation Observation
Group
( dBA)
50-54.9 0 0 52.45
55-59.9 1 1 57.45
60-64.9 11 12 62.45
65-69.9 25 37 67.45
70-74.9 16 53 72.45
75-79.9 6 59 77.45
80-84.9 1 60 82.45
60

NOISE LEVEL PATTERN

85
82.6
80

75
NOISE LEVEL (dB)

70

65

60

56.4
55

50
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
time (s)
 Frequency Histogram for Traffic Noise Study
30

25

20
Frequency

15

10

0
50-54.9 55-59.9 60-64.9 65-69.9 70-74.9 75-79.9 80-84.9
Noise Level, dB(C)

L10=max noise level-{(max noise level-min noise level)/100x10%)}

=82.6-{(82.6-56.4)/100x10%}

=79.98
7.0 DISCUSSION

From the experiment, we have conducted the noise level test at 2 different location due
to different condition which is minor road and major road. The first location is at Jalan Ilmu
1/1 which we stated as minor road. It is a small road which connected the college and café.
This road been used by the students for the movement from college to café or café to college.
The second location is at Jalan Ilmu 1/1, which is located between Faculty of Civil Engineering
and College Melati. This road been used by all types of vehicles since it is one of the main
roads at UiTM Shah Alam.

From the results, we can see that the maximum noise level at minor road is 80 dB and
minimum noise level is 52.5 dB. For major road, the maximum noise level is 82.6 and the
minimum noise level is 56.4 dB. The maximum noise level at minor road was come from car
engine while for the major road come from bus engine. Since the minor road is a pathway for
the students to cross from college to café, a zebra line was provided there. Thus, the vehicles
that travels there will drive at low speed, and produce a low noise level compared to the major
road which the mean noise level is 67.45. The mean noise level for minor road is 57.45. There
was a huge different between the mean noise level due to the road condition. We can say that
the minor road was used by cars and motorcycles which create a low noise level compared to
major road which is used by heavy vehicles like buses, vans, cars, and garbage trucks.

The pattern of noise is depends on location that we are selected because different place
will recorded the different pattern of noise. The busier the place, the higher the noise level
pattern. For example, market, school and main road. If we conduct this study at the place that
is less busy, so the noise reading will be lower compared to the busy area. From this activity,
we can know the existing noise on the roadway and potential future traffic noise levels. This
activity is important in order to know the suitability for any construction and others activity at
the site of the noise study being done and the surrounding area.

Based on the noise limits set by Department of Environment Malaysia, limiting sound
level from road traffic (for proposed new roads and/or redevelopment of existing roads) for
commercial area should be 70dBA for day time (7.00am-10.00pm) and 60dBA for night time
(10.00pm-7.00am). Comparing with the result that we obtain, we can see that the result has
exceed the allowable sound level. When there is no vehicle, the noise level on the road can be
reduced. It is propose to plant trees near the location which can act as sound barriers. The trees
can entrap and absorb sound vibrations.
Table below shows the limiting sound level from Department of Environment Malaysia
8.0 CONCLUSION

We have done to collect all the data to record the noise generated by traffic on two different
locations throughout in UiTM Shah Alam which are Jalan ilmu 1/1(minor road) and Jalan ilmu
1/1 (Major road). Based on the data we have recorded, noise level pattern at Jalan ilmu
1/1(minor road) achieves maximum rate at 80 dB(c) while at Jalan ilmu 1/1 (Major road)
achieve maximum rate at above 80 dB(c) which are more than minor road. As we can see at
the frequency histogram graph at minor road and major road, both recorded at different noise
level frequency. Minor road achieve high frequency which are 24 at rate 55-59.9 dB(c) while
major road record high frequency which are 25 at rate 65-69.9 dB(c). Based on this experiment,
determination of L10 can be used. L10 is the noise level exceeded for 10% of the time of the
measurement duration. This is often used to give an indication of the upper limit of fluctuating
noise, such as that from road traffic. From this experiment, the L10 for minor road is 77.25
while for major road is 79.98. We can conclude that major road generated greater traffic noise
compared to minor road. All in all, the objective of the traffic noise study to determine the
traffic noise level are achieved.
9.0 APPENDIX

Minor road Main road

Group members collecting data

10.0 Safety and Health

 Always wear safety vase during the experiment to alert the surrounding especially road
users about our existence to avoid any accident occur.
 Make sure the experimental location and surrounding was safe and suitable before
conduct the experiment as use a safety cone to alert the surrounding about the existence
of the experimental to avoid any negative incidents from occur.
 Always refer and report to technician or lecture in charge if any hazard involved
because they are more trainable to handle the situation.
 Always read the label or manual for the apparatus or mechanical used before handling
the experiment to avoid misuse of the apparatus and contributed to hazardness during
or after the experiment.