Professional Documents
Culture Documents
TECHNOLOGY
DIGEST
STANDARD 8
1. THE UNIVERSE
Q. 21. Answer the following questions in only one word or figure (number) :
(1) What is the faint whitish band of light seen in the sky known as ?
(2) What is the colour of Vega ?
(3) How many star in the sky are having magnitude ~ 1 ?
(4) Which is the brightest star seeen at night ?
(5) Stars of which colour have the highest surface temperature ?
(6) By how many minutes does a star rise earlier everyday ?
(7) How many zodiacal sign are there ?
(8) How many Nakshatra are there ?
(9) How long does the sun stay in one Zodiacal sign ?
(10) What is the period of rotation of the earth ?
(11) How much later does the moon rise on successive days ?
(12) How does the moon stay in one Nakshatra ?
(13) What is the period of revolution or Mercury ?
(14) Which is the planet on which the difference in temperature at day time and
night
time is very great ?
(15) Which planet is nearest to the earth ?
(16) Which planet of the solar system is known to have life on it ?
(17) On which planets would you find the sun rising in the west ?
(18) How many times larger is the Jupiter than the earth?
(19) Which spacecraft discovered a thin ring, made up of dust particles around
Jupiter ?
(20) Which planet had a large reddish spot ?
(21) What a re the larger dark areas on the moon called ?
(22) How many times is the gravitational force of the moon than that of the
earth ?
2. SOIL
Q. 1. Prepare a table indicting the names and sizes of constituent particles of soil.
Q. 2. How many types of soil are there from constitution point of view ? Which are they ?
Q. 3. Give information about :
(1) Sandy soil (2) Clayey soil (3) Loamy soil
Q. 4. How is the soil formed ?
Q. 5. Explain the final stage of soil formation.
Q. 6. Explain stratification of soil with a diagram.
Q. 7. State the main horizons of soil and give information about horizon A.
Q. 8. Give information about horizon B, C and D of the soil.
Q. 9. Which are the constituents of soil?
Q. 10. Give general information about the constituents of soil.
Q. 11. Explain interrelationship between soil and soil organisms.
Q. 12. What are ‘natural resources’ ?
Q. 13. Describe examples of renewable resources.
Q. 14. Write a short notes on : Non-renewable resources.
Q. 15. How is soil polluted ?
Q. 16. Write short note on: Control of (soil) pollution.
OR
Explain the importance of control of soil pollution and measures to control it.
Q. 17. What is erosion ?
Q. 18. Explain the process of soil erosion.
OR
State the effects by factors responsible for soil erosion.
Q. 19. How can soil erosion be stopped ?
Q. 20. Write short notes on :
(1) Parental material
(2) Organic matter
(3) Soil solution
(4) Soil gases
(5) Soil organisms
(6) Factors responsible for erosion
Q. 20. Answer the following questions in short :
(1) What is soil ?
(2) State the constitution of lithosphere.
(3) State type of soil.
(4) What is ‘parental material’ ?
(5) Which are the factors forming soil ?
(6) What is the meaning of living resources of soil ?
(7) What is ‘non-living resources of soil’ ? What can be include in it ?
(8) What are ‘horizons’ ? Name their sublayers.
(9) What is ;renewable resource’ ?
(10) What is pollution ?
(11) The soil of Pashakaka’s field is polluted. State any four remedies to control
its pollution.
(12) What kind of plants should be cultivated to stop erosion of soil ?
Q. 22. Give scientific explanation :
(1) Sandy soil is unfertile.
(2) Clayey soil holds a larger amount of water.
(3) Plant root system develops better in a loamy soil.
(4) Soil is a natural resource obtained through processes taking place over millions
of years.
(5) There is an inverse relationship between soil water and soil air.
(6) Earthworms are useful for agriculture.
(7) Forests are our invaluable natural treasure.
(8) Forests should not be destroyed indiscriminately
OR
It is in our interest to protect forests.
(9) It is possible to control soil pollution.
(10) The process of soil erosion is harmful.
(11) Desert spread by winds.
Q. 23. Distinguish between :
(1) Sandy soil and Clayey soil
(2) Sandy soil and Loamy soil
(3) Clayey soil and Loamy soil
Q. 20. Write the correct alternative from those given for each question:
(1) Which is the main elements in the soil transformed from lithosphere ?
(A) Oxygen (B) Hydrogen (c) Sodium (D) Potassium
(2) What is the diameter of the particles of silt ?
(A) More than 2.00 mm (B) 0.002 mm to 0.02 mm
(C) Less than 0.002 mm (D) 0.02 mm to 0.20 mm
(3) Which of the particles forming the soil have the least diameter ?
(A) Gravel (B) Coarse sand (C) Silt (D) Clay
(4) Which of the particles forming the soil have the maximum diameter ?
(A) Gravel (B) Coarse sand (C) Silt (D) Clay
(5) Which soil cannot be included in the types of soil formed according to the kind of
particles and their proportion ?
(A) Sandy soil (B) Clayey soil (C) Loamy soil (D) Rocky soil
(6) Which sublayer of horizon A is know as duff layer ?
(A) Aoo (B) Ao (C) A1 (D) A2
(7) Which Sublayer of horizon A is more developed in forest areas ?
(A) Aoo (B) Ao (C) A2 (D) A3
(8) Which horizon of soil is known as established layer ?
(A) D (B) C (D) B (D) A
(9) What per cent of soil gases is essential for development of plants ?
(A) 10 (B) 20 (C) 25 (D) 30
3. AIR
Q. 1. What is atmosphere ? Write the names of the main constituents present in the
atmosphere and also give their proportion.
Q. 2. Explain clearly the atmosphere.
Q. 3. State the main division of atmosphere and explain each of them.
Q. 4. Give information about pressure of atmosphere.
Q. 5. Write a note on oxygen.
Q. 6. Describe methods to prepare oxygen. [Figure is not necessary].
Q. 7. Give the properties of oxygen gas.
Q. 8. Write the uses of oxygen gas.
Q. 9. How is oxygen useful for welding or cutting of metal ?
Q. 10. How is nitrogen obtained commercially from air ?
Q. 11. Explain briefly, with the help of diagram, nitrogen cycle.
Q. 12. Draw a labeled diagram of nitrogen cycle.
Q. 13. State the properties of nitrogen.
Q. 14. State the uses of nitrogen gas.
Q. 15. When do nitrogen and oxygen combine in atmosphere and which produce do they
give ?
Q. 16. What is pollution ? Write different types of pollutions.
Q. 17. Write notes on air pollution.
Q. 18. Explain the effects of air pollution on living organisms.
Q. 19. Write the methods of prevention of air pollution.
Q. 20. How is the adverse imbalance created in atmosphere ?
Q. 21. What is greenhouse effect ? What happens if the temperature of the earth rises ?
Q. 22. Write notes on the dry form of acid rain.
Q. 23. Explain, in short, wet form of acid rain.
Q. 24. Write a note on the factors responsible for acid rain.
Q. 25. What damage is caused due to acid rain ?
Q. 26. Write the remedies (measures) to prevent acid rain.
Q. 27. Write short notes on acid rain.
Q. 28. Answer the following questions in short :
(1) What is the reason for increase of amount of carbon dioxide in atmosphere ?
How
much is this increase ?
(2) Why does the atmospheric pressure decrease as one goes higher from the
ground level?
(3) What is the effect of air pollution on human beings ?
(4) What is the effect of air pollution on animals ?
(5) What is the effect of air pollution on plants ?
(6) What harm does acid rain cause to soil ?
Q. 29. Give scientific explanation :
(1) Air exerts pressure on us from all sides. Even then we are not crushed.
(2) Mountaineers wear special types of dress.
(3) A few drops of a concentrated acid are added to water before it electrolysis.
(4) Divers and mountaineers carry oxygen cylinders with them.
(5) More trees should be planted and they should be nurtured with care.
Q. 30. State your observations in the following :
(1) On introducing a burning candle….
(2) On introducing a smoking straw….
(3) On introducing a heated iron wire….
in a gas jar filled with oxygen.
Q. 31. Complete the following chemical equations and balance them :
(1) 4CrO3 Heat
4. CELLULAR ORGANISATION
5. TRANSFORMATION OF MATTER
Q. 1. What is a physical change ? How does the physical change take place in matter ?
Q. 2. Explain the physical properties of matter.
Q. 3. ‘An engine does not run by water but runs by the steam of water.” Explain the
statement.
Q. 4. Explain exothermic reaction giving examples.
Q. 5. Explain endothermic reaction giving examples.
Q. 6. Explain the colour-change that takes place during chemical reaction.
Q. 7. Explain the reaction of metal with acid giving examples.
Q. 8. Give the usefulness of crystallization.
Q. 9. How will you obtain crystals of pure alum from alum powder ? [Figure is not
necessary.]
Q. 10. What is distillation ? Give its importance.
Q. 11. Explain distillation process with the help of neat diagram.
Q. 12. What is decomposition ? Explain decomposition reaction with the help of an
experiment.
Q. 13. Explain the decomposition reaction with an example.
Q. 14. Explain substitution reaction with the help of an experiment.
Q. 15. Explain substitution reaction with example.
Q. 16. What is precipitation ? Explain precipitation giving example.
Q. 17. Explain neutralization giving examples.
Q. 18. Explain oxidation-reduction reaction giving examples.
Q. 19. Answer the following questions in short :
(1) Give illustration of a photochemical reaction.
(2) Give an illustration of colour change in a biochemical process.
(3) What is fractional crystallization ? What is its principle ?
(4) What device is made to purity a liquid boiling at a temperature less than 100
o
c by the method of distillation ?
(5) What is rearrangememnt reaction ? Explain rearrangement reaction giving
an example.
Q. 20. Sate your observations in the following reactions giving chemical equations :
(1) Placing (i) a piece of magnesium metal (ii) a piece of zinc metal (iii) an iron
nail … in copper sulphate solution ….
(2) Adding silver nitrate solution to copper sulphate solution ….
(3) Adding sodium hydroxide solution to solution of magnesium chloride ….
(4) Heating a crystal of ferrous suphate …
Q. 21. Complete and balance the following equations :
Q. 1. Give characteristics of metals and non-metals available from nature and mention
their sources.
Q. 2. Give physical properties of metals.
Q. 3. Give physical properties of non-metals.
Q. 4. Compare the properties of metals and non-metals. OR
Give three points of difference between metals and non-metals.
Q. 5. Give chemical properties of metals with examples.
Q. 6. Give chemical properties of non-metals with examples.
Q. 7. Write short note one uses of metals.
Q. 8. Write short note on uses of non-metals.
Q. 9. Write short note on reactivity series of metals.
Q. 10. Give the uses of noble metals.
Q. 11. Write a short note on purity of gold in carat unit.
Q. 12. Give the names of the alloys, constituent elements and uses of following metals
(1) Iron (2) Copper (3) Aluminium
Q. 13. What is an alloy ? Give their uses.
Q. 14. Give properties of alloys.
Q. 15. Write short notes on corrosion.
Q. 16. How can metallic corrosion be prevented ? OR
State the measures to prevent corrosion.
Q. 17. Answer the following question in short :
(1) In which forms are metals found in nature ?
(2) What is mineral ? How is ore obtained from mineral ?
(3) Which metals are obtained from iron mineral ores and non-iron mineral
ores ?
(4) Give the names of useful ores which are industrially used.
(5) Give the main physical properties of metals.
(6) Give the main physical properties of non-metals.
(7) On which condition do the physical and chemical properties of metal and
non-metal depend ?
(8) Write the chemical reactions of a metal with oxygen.
(9) Write the chemical reaction of non-metal with oxygen, chlorine, hydrogen
and acid.
(10) Write the chemical reaction of a non-metal with an acid.
(11) State some metallic compounds which are useful in our family life.
Write oneuse of each.
(12) Explain briefly how the reactivity series of metals is formed.
(13) Explain the meaning of 22 carat gold.
(14) W2hat is a noble metal ?
(15) What is an alloy ? Give the name of known alloys.
(16) How can metallic corrosion be determined ?
Q. 18. Give scientific explanation :
(1) Copper is used to prepare conducting wire.
(2) Non-metallic elements are nonconductors of electricity.
(3) Non-metallic elements differ form metallic elements.
(4) Normally a metal reacts with an acid and liberates hydrogen.
(5) If a non-metal reacts with an acid, it cannot liberate hydrogen from it.
(6) Stainless steel is used to prepare household utensils.
(7) At the time of preparing gold or silver ornaments, some copper is added to
it.
(8) Iron is galvanized with zinc.
(9) It is not advisable to prepare ornaments of 24 carat gold.
(10) Corrosion of iron cannot be prevented by copper.
Q. 19. Define or explain :
(1) Raw ore.
(2) Polyatomic molecule
(3) Reactivity series
(4) Corrosion
Q. 20. Write the correct alternative from those given for each question :
(1) Which of the following elements has iron type ore ?
(A) Lead (B) Zinc (C) Manganese (D) Aluminium
(2) Which of the following elements has non-iron type ore ?
(A) Iron (B) Zind (C) Manganese (D) Tungsten
(3) Which metal exists in liquid form at normal temperature ?
(A) Mercury (B) Zinc (C) Sodium (D) Potassium
(4) Which non-metallic element exists in liquid form at normal temperature ?
(A) Fluorine (B) Chloride (C) Iodine (D) Bromine
(5) Which of the following properties is not possessed by metallic elements ?
(A) Produce ringing sound on stiking
(B) Low melting points
(C) Good conductors of electricity
(D) Drawn into thin wires
(6) Which of the following properties is not possessed by metallic elements ?
(A) Light in weight
(B) Non-conductor of electricity
(C) Hard but brittle
(D) Form positive ions by losing electrons
(7) What is the total number of non-metallic elements ?
(A) 10 (B) 11 (C) 22 (D) Infinite
(8) How many non-metallic elements are found in gaseous state at normal temperature ?
(A) 22 (B) 11 (C) 10 (D) 1
(9) How many atoms does a molecule of phosphorus contain ?
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 4 (D) 8
(10) How many atoms does a molecule of suphur contain ?
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 4 (D) 8
(11) Which are the constituent elements in alloy alnico ?
(A) Al, Ni, Co, Fe (B) Al, Co, Fe, Zn
(C) Al, Mn, Co, Fe (D) Al, Mn, Zn Fe
(12) Which are the constituents of alloy bronze ?
(A) Cu, Zn (B) Cu, Ni (C) Cu, Sn (D) Cu, Zn, Ni
Q. 21. Answer each of the following questions in one sentence :
(1) How was special type of iron (which does not rust) prepared in India in
ancient times ?
(2) Which metal is available in free state in nature ?
(3) Which metals are available in free state in nature ?
(4) Which metals are available in compound state in nature ?
(5) In which type of compounds are raw ores available ?
(6) Name the elements of raw ores of iron mineral type.
(7) Mention non-iron mineral ore.
(8) Which is the raw ore of aluminium ?
(9) Which is the ore of lead ?
(10) Name three precious minerals.
(11) Name four non-metal minerals.
(12) Give the types of classification of elements.
(13) In which forms are metals and non-metals available ?
(14) Which are the semimetallic elements ?
(15) Name five metallic elements.
(16) Name four metals which are comparatively lighter.
(17) Which two metals can be hammered into thin foils ?
(18) How many non-metallic elements are found in solid form at room
temperature ?
(19) How many non-metallic elements are found in liquid state at room
temperature ?
(20) Which non-metal is a good conductor of electricity ?
(21) Name four polyatomic molecules.
(22) Of which type are non-metallic elements ? (Electrically and
Thermally)
(23) Why do non-metals have a tendency to form negative ions ?
(24) Mention the reaction of sodium with hydrogen ?
(25) Which product is formed by the reaction of metal with oxygen ?
(26) Which property do metallic oxides possess ?
(27) Which property do non-metallic oxides possess ?
(28) Give two uses of silicon dioxide (sand).
(29) What is the use of silicon in a transistor ?
(30) Which compound of phosphorous is used to kill rats ?
(31) Which compound of phosphorus is used to preserve food grains ?
(32) Which compound of phosphorus is used as a strong hygroscopic
substance in chemical reactions ?
(33) Which non-metal is used in vulcanization of rubber ?
(34) Arrange Zn, Cu, Fe and Al in decreasing order of reactivity.
(35) Arrange Sn, Mg, Pb and Al in the increasing order of reactivity.
(36) In which unit is purity of gold measured ?
(37) On what basis is the price of gold determined ?
(38) How many carate is pure gold ?
(39) What is alloy ?
(40) Give properties of alloys.
(41) On what factors does metallic corrosion depend ?
(42) Which compounds are obtained from iron due to metallic corrosion ?
(43) What is the compound formed due to corrosion of iron called ?
(44) Which metal layer is applied to prevent corrosion of iron ?
(45) What is galvanized iron ?
7. CARBON
8. STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM
1μ 2 = μ
obtain the formula 2 for the refractive index of medium 2 with respect of
μ
1
medium.
Q. 8. Explain the following Phenomena by figure :
(1) Why does a pencil dipped in water appears bent ?
(2) Place a coin in a metal vessel. The coin is seen when seen from the top. Move
your head away from the vessel till the coin in the vessel is not seen. Now ask
your friend to pour water in the vessel. The coin will be seen again.
Q. 9. Explain the structure of a prism with the help of a figure.
Q. 10. Discuss an experiment of refraction of light through a prism.
Q. 11. What is a spectrum ? Write the name of the colours observed to dispersion of
white light.
Q. 12. Draw the figure of dispersion of white light by a prism and name the colour
obtained.
Q. 13. What is dispersion of light ? What is the reason for that ?
Q. 14. Write a short note on rainbow.
Q. 15. What is the difference between the refraction of light in a glass slab and in a glass
prism ? What is the reason for this ?
Q. 16. Make clear with a figure how the dispersion of light made by one prism can be
cancelled by another prism.
Q. 17. Explain the concept of a convex lens.
Q. 18. Explain the concept of a concave lens.
Q. 19. Explain the meaning of the following words with reference to a vonvex lens :
(1) Centre of curvature (2) Radius of curvature (3) Principal axis (4) Focus (5)
Focal length
Q. 20. What is optical center ? Explain.
Q. 21. Explain how a carbon paper of cotton wool can be burnt with the help of a convex
lens ?
Q. 22. Discuss an experiment to determine the focal length of a convex lens.
Q. 23. Explain the focus of a concave lens with a figure.
Q. 24. Explain, with a figure, which two rays are used to obtain an image by a convex
lens.
Q. 25. Explain, with figure, on what does the focal length of a convex lens depend ?
Q. 26. By drawing necessary figure mention the position and type of an image when an
object is placed in front of a convex lens in the following positions :
(i) away from 2F (ii) on 2F (iii) between F and 2F (iv) between F and lens
Q. 27. Explain, by drawing a figure, the formation of image by a concave lens.
Q. 28. Give the principle of a simple microscope and explain its working. Write its use.
Q. 29. Draw a neat diagram of a compound microscope and write its principle. Explain its
construction and working.
Q. 30. Draw a labeled diagram of a compound microscope.
Q. 31. Write short note on a camera.
Q. 32. Draw a labeled diagram of a simple telescope and write its principle. Explain its
construction and working.
Q. 33. Draw a labeled diagram of a telescope.
Q. 34. Draw a labeled diagram of human eye.
Q. 35. Answer the following questions in short :
(1) In which medium is the velocity of light more ? In a rarer or a denser medium ?
(2) Does refractive index have a unit ? Why ?
(3) Explain the meaning of airμwater.
(4) “A ray of light entering a rarer medium from a denser medium beds toward the
normal.” True of false ?
(5) What is the nature of the measures of the angles of incidence and refraction
when an oblique ray of light enters a glass slab from air ?
(6) What is the product of the refractive index of medium 2 relative to medium 1
and the refractive index of medium 1 relative to medium 2 ? Why ?
(7) Would a ray (Of light) entering glass from water bend towards the normal or
away from the normal ?
(8) Which colour, red or violet has less refractive index ?
(9) What arrangement will Kirtan make to show a spectrum to his friends in the
laboratory ?
(10) Is it necessary the both the radii of curvature of a lens are the same ?
(11) Which lens would you use to get a magnified image of an object ? A lens
with large focal length of the one with small focal length ?
(12) Discuss the image of the object at infinite distance from the convex lens.
(13) Give the change in the image when an object before the lens is brought
nearer and nearer to a convex lens.
(14) What is dose to obtain a distinct image in a camera ?
(15) How will you make a temporary simple microscope ?
Q. 36. Give scientific explanation :
(1) It is not advisable to take a bath in an unknown pond (reservoir of water).
(2) An object appears coloured when seen through a prism.
(3) A rainbow is seen mostly in monsson.
(4) A convex lens is a converting lens and a concave lens is a diverging lens.
(5) Watch repairers use a convex lens.
Q. 37Write the difference between :
(1) A convex lens and A concave lens
(2) A compound microscope and A telescope
(3) Simple microscope and Compound microscope
Q. 38 Solve the following examples :
(1) The absolute refractive indices or water and glass are 4/3 and 1.6 respectively.
Find the refractive index of glass with respect to water.
(2) The refractive index of diamond w.r.t. glass is 1.61. if the absolute refractive
index of glass is 1.5, find the absolute refractive index of diamond.
(3) The velocity of light in glass is 2 x 108 m/s and that in air is 3 x 108 m/s. find the
velocity of light in ice.
Q. 39 Write the correct alternative from those given for each questions :
(1) What is the phenomenon of changing the direction of a ray of light passing from
one transparent medium to the other know as ?
(A) Reflection (B) Refraction (C) Dispersion (D) Internal reflection
(2) What is the relation between the angel of refraction ® and the angle of
incidence (i), when a ray of light passes from a rarer medium to a denser
medium ?
(A) r=1 (B) r > i (C) r < i (D) No definite relation
(3) What happens when a ray of light passes from glass to air ?
(A) It deviate towards normal
(B) It deviates away from normal
(C) It does not get refracted
(D) It undergoes internal reflection
(4) For which angle of incidence of an incidence ray on a glass slab will the ray not
refract ?
(A) 0o (B) 30o (C) 45o (D) 60o
(5) How many times is the velocity of light n vacuum as compared to that in
water ?
(A) 2 (B) 1/2 (C) 4/3 (D) 3/4
(6) What is the value of airμwater.
(A) 2/3 (B) 3/2 (C) 4/5 (D) 5/4
(7) What is the absolute refractive index of water ?
(A) 4/3 (B) 3/4 (C) 1.5 (D) 1
(8) How many faces does a prism have ?
(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 6
(9) What is the angle formed between the incidence ray and the emergent ray in a
prism know as ?
(A) Angel of incidence (B) Angel of emergence
(C) Angel of refraction (D) angel of deviation
(10) Which colour is exactly in the middle in the spectrum obtained by a prism ?
(A) Violet (B) Green (C) Blue (D) Red
(11) Which colour is deviated minimum when a ray of white light passes through
the prism ?
(A) Violet (B) Green (C) Blue (D) Red
(12) How will you make a concave lens from two prisms ?
(A) By arranging the prism separately
(B) By arranging the prism on their bases
(C) By arranging the prism on their vertices
(D) By arranging the prism at some distance
(13) Which type of image is not obtained by a convex leans ?
(A) Real and diminished (B) Virtual and diminished
(C) Real and enlarge (D) Vertical and enlarge
(14) Which type of image is obtained by a concave leans ?
(A) Virtual, erect and diminished
(B) Real, inverted and diminished
(C) Virtual, erect and enlarge
(D) Real, inverted and enlarge
(15) Which part of the eye changes the focal length of the lens ?
(A) Pupil (B) Iris (C) Retina (D) Cilliary muscles
Q. 40. Answer each of the following question in one sentence :
(1) When doe slight bend ?
(2) How much is the velocity of light in vacuum ?
(3) What is a refractive index ?
(4) How much is the absolute refractive index of glass?
(5) What is the velocity of light in glass ?
(6) What is the velocity of light in water ?
(7) What is the symbol of refractive index ?
(8) What is meant by the angle of deviation ?
(9) What is the symbol of angle of deviation ?
(10) What is a spectrum ?
(11) Mention the order of colours (going upward) in a spectrum of white light,
obtained by a prism.
(12) Which colour suffers maximum refraction when white light is passed
through a prism ?
(13) What is dispersion of light ?
(14) In which direction is a rainbow observed during evening time ?
(15) Define the focal length of a lens.
(16) Which lens is a convergent lens?
(17) Which lens is a divergent lens ?
(18) For which position of an object is virtual image obtained in a convex lens ?
(19) In which lens is image obtained always virtual ?
(20) What type of image is always obtained in a concave lens ?
(21) Which instrument is used to analyse a blood sample ?
(22) Mention the use of a telescope.
(23) Which part of the human body works like a camera ?
(24) Which part of the ye work like a lens ?
(25) What is the function of the lens in the eye.
10. MAGNETISM
11. ELECTRICITY
Q. 1. Of which three fundamental particles is an atom made ? Mention the type of charge
on them.
Q. 2. ‘An atom is electrically neutral.’ Explain.
Q. 3. What is meant by ‘free electrons’ ?
Q. 4. Though free electrons are constantly in motion in a conducting wire, an electric
current does not flow in a conducting wire. Explain the statement.
Q. 5. What is meant by electric current ? Write its different units and the relations
between them.
Q. 6. What is ‘1 ampere electric current’ ? Name the instruments to measure an electric
current.
Q. 7. Calculate the number of electrons for a flow of 1 ampere electric in a conducting
wire.
Q. 8. What is meant by conventional current ? What is the direction of it ?
Q. 9. Explain the resistance.
Q. 10. What is electric potential ? Write the formula of electric potential and its unit.
Q. 11. Define electric potential and give its unit.
Q. 12. Explain potential difference, giving its definition. Give its unit and definition of
unit.
Q. 13. Write short note on Voltaic cell.
Q. 14. Draw a diagram of Voltaic cell and describe its constriction.
Q. 15. Define electromotive force and write its unit.
Q. 16. Write the principle of the dry cell and explain its construction and working.
Q. 17. Draw a labeled diagram of a dry cell.
Q. 18. Write short note on lead storage cell.
Q. 19. How is a storage cell superior to a dry cell ?
Q. 20. Draw a labeled diagram of a lead storage celll.
Q. 21. Of what substances are positive and negative electrodes of a lead storage cell
made?
Q. 22. How can a storage cell be recharged ?
Q. 23. Give brief information about a button cell.
Q. 24. Explain a simple electric circuit with the help of a drawing and show the direction
of current in it.
Q. 25. Examine whether the following substances are conductors or insulators :
Matchstick, pencil lead, strip of paper, piece of wood, paper clip, sugar solution, rubber,
strip of cloth, glass road.
Q. 26. Describe a simple experiment to show that magnetic field is associated with an
electric current.
Q. 27. Describe the experiment showing the magnetic lines of force produced on passing
an electric current through a long straight conductor.
Q. 28. What is a solenoid ? Draw a diagram of magnetic field produced by a current
carrying solenoid. To which other magnetic field is it analogous to ?
Q. 29. What is electromagnetism ? What is being studied in it ?
Q. 30. Draw neat figure of an electric bell. Write its principle.
Describe the construction and working of an electric bell.
Q. 31. Write the principle of an electric bell and draw its labeled diagram.
Q. 32. What is electromagnetic induction ?
Q. 33. Explain electromagnetic induction with the help of a diagram.
Q. 34. Distinguish between :
(1) Voltaic cell and Dry cell
(2) Dry cell and Storage cell
Q. 35. Solve the following examples :
(1) Calculate the number of electrons passing through any cross section of a
conductor when 1 mA current passes through it.
(2) Calculate the emf of a cell which supplies 1.5 joule energy to 2 coulomb charge.
(3) If 1020 electrons pass through any cross section of a conductor in 10 seconds,
what will be the electric current passing through it ?
(4) What will be the number of electrons in a substance on which 5 coulomb
negative charge is present ?
(5) When we say that the emf of a storage cell is 12 volt, what does it mean ?
(6) If 25 coulomb electric charge is passing at a point in a conductor in 10 seconds,
how much electric current should be flowing in that conductor ?
(7) 0.5 ampere current is flowing through a conductor. Find the number of electrons
passing through its cross section in 10 seconds.
Examples for Consolidation
12. MICROORGANISM
QUESTION PAPER 2
FOR THE SECOND EXAMINATION
[Syllabus : Chapter 7, 8, 10, 11 13; chapters 1 to 6 and 9 ]
Time : 2 hours Total Marks : 50
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Write the correct alternative from those given for each question : [1 mark each]
1. What is the molecular formula of ethane ?
(A) CH4 (B) C2H4 (C) C2H6 (D) C3H6
2. What are the numbers of protons and neutrons in an atom of sodium having
atomic number 11 and atomic mass 23 ?
(A) 11, 23 (B) 11, 12 (C) 12, 23 (D) 12,11
3. Which instrument is used to measure electric current ?
(A) Voltmeter (B) Voltameter (C) Ammeter (D) Electric cell
4. Which disease does female anopheles mosquito spread ?
(A) Malaria (B) Dysentery (C) Polio (D) Typhoid
5. How many later does the moon rise on successive days ?
(A) 4 minutes (B) 13.5 minutes (C) 27.3 minutes (D) 50 minutes
6. In which region of the atmosphere is the ozone layer located ?
(A) Troposphere (B) Stratosphere (C) Hydrosphere (D) Lithosphere
Answer the following question in one sentence each : [1 mark each]
7. What is activated charcoal ?
8. What is magnetism of a magnet due to ?
9. What is one ampere electric current ?
10.Who invented the vaccine for smallpox ?
11.Name two organelles which are present in a plant cell but not in an animal cell.
12.Name any one alloy of copper and its constituents.
13.On which two planets would the sun appear rising in the west ?
Answer the following question in short : [2 marks each]
14.State your observation giving chemical equation, when carbon dioxide gas is
passed through clear lime water for a short time.
15.Define electromotive force and write its unit.
16.Draw diagrams of cholera and typhoid bacteria.
17.Explain precipitation reaction giving one example.
18.Give two points of difference between convex lens and concave lens.
Answer the following question in short : [3 marks each]
19.Explain : Lamp black and Carbon black
20.20. Explain the construction of Voltaic cell with the help of a neat, labeled
diagram.
21.Give two causes, two symptoms and two preventive measures of typhoid.
22.Explain greenhouse effect.
23.Explain oxidation-reduction reaction giving examples.
Answer the following question to the point : [4 marks each]
24.Write a note on atomic weight.
25.Explain, giving diagram, the preparation of methane gas in the laboratory.
26.Explain the construction and working of a magnetic compass.
OR
What is a solenoid ? Draw a diagram of magnetic field produced by a current
carrying solenoid. To which other magnetic field is it analogous to ?