SABDA MANJARI

Enlarged Edition with a most interesting

Chapter on Samasa, Foot-Notes and

Glossary
 Sinskrit Study Made Easy Series

A Reformed Series of Four Illustrated Sanskr t Readers.

With Grammatical Conversational Exercises,
Glossary etc ,

For a Pleasant & Quick Study of San krit.

Mo wd !y used throughout I .dia ar.d Foreign Couutriei

Viz Ceyion. Siam Bangkok, Germany, Italy Australia,
California, San Fra' cisco etc.

And Selected By The E' bassy of India

and T. e Ministry of Education and Scientific
Reteari i uj Govt, of India fo Prese ; a: ion to

Foreign Students of San k it

 FOREWORD
SSP?: PM: §^l>:
HldSW R?T*fiM<
Such is the Greatness of the which is also
vn^T
1
known as the qurt the language of the Gods. The
script (fofa) in which Sanskrit words are written is called
^rrmcV
The system of Sanskrit Grammar is the centre of an
important and interesting subject for the study of the
Ancient Vedic and Modern Sanskrit literatures. It is also
the standard of Accuracy and the basis to produce sweet
and precious expressions and win prizes as qfar-
JTjjTCTst offered to his Court Pandits.

This book grepmft will be a very simple and

valuable Text for the proper study of the gaRT portion
including 3T^, tfmtfSWW etc. The portion, verb
system, is likewise separately dealt with in a very
analytical form in the vngCTTOft book.

The Special Features of this Edition are (1) the

Simplified arrangement of the 3OTWSTOWI, (2) the addi-
tion of apt illustrations in Slokas for examples of various
voices, (3) the inclusion of a very interesting chapter on
UfasTOOT giving apt illustration in charming Slokas and
also in for all the 5 ?fas and (4) the adding of the
method of - Aoalysis of Sloka and sentence.

It is earnestly hoped that the production of such

Simple and interesting Text Boeks will be a good service
for the most easy and pleasant study of Sanskrit and as
quickly as any other languages of the World.
Kalpathi, Palghat-3.
L. Anantha Rama Sastri,
17 — —61 3 Vyakarana Siromani
 — —

fiwn^Knl«I«BT (CONTENTS)

Foreword 3

§«rt <

1
— Introduction $

\ g^-st^Pn: or Cases c

\
^Srm^T bt^ 5^3?
:
— Sanskrit Alphabet
V 5pj^n ••• ••• V
sn$ror; <*&(& ^ •••

% €TWT 5T®? f^TPT: H*

(^) 3HRT R^oiq;... 1H
(^) 3T5RT sroron —
f
}) qjgsfel SRWl .... V*
(Vy 5^*tT jfejf ...

(^) 5^1 5PR°t^ ... *\

($) 5^^ ... ''.I

v. •
gfaw Pronouns *\< — «*
C qyp srepp( —Numerals ... v »\—
(<!) 3T©^T: ... .
.*. **

(^) 5T*^T:

(*) sf^n-sf^r 5T^t:.

< 5T*? ^TPTt .... ...

(t) 3f^T S$W{. ...

(\) ST5RT Sftfo* 5T^TH •••

(^) Sf^Rf •TJTOfeS ... %*

 Wh
?!

•%sr: SP«f*n
(v' §v^ gfei? n^ojn *••

(’*.) 5^<T sftras jR^orq;

strafe* ssvm ^oV»

{%) • ••

io^ s^raTP;—Conjugation of verbs W— «,»!

(’<) R^T^TT—
ott
Introduction

*r^r— v^rf?;
• * • W
(^.} • ••

(?) fg^fcf noi; — ar^j^; •«• <5=10

(>•*) 3^T -lot: — rTn:%; • • •

°ii 5w) ,T{?r§q'Jiti —Voices ••vt l^V-

?TW: —TO • # • — 1W
(0 • ••

(=.) afe5#l: • • • *»v»

(\) fWRRW^:--^lfiwT • •• V**

(v) • • •

(V/ ororift: • • •

srWT^t — Analysis
=)* — Inaeciiaab’es • • •
1*V-
srarasn —introduction • • •

('*) 3TS4#m, (\) Bpni^or,

(0 S^<T, (*) f^f, (’0 cirScTRT. ... -m
5^T, ^ WS
f
( .) (*) g^TflT STSi^nft u»
(c) =sf sr, («,) ^Tc^^szr^, ... iv«
(l«) STKTTfjr ... r*\
’SH STS^BTST: — Glossary ... <^y
 —

INTRODUCTION
— : o :

The words of Sankrit Language are classified-

under two main groups.

2.
1: ‘ ’ or i- C. baviDg the ‘
§<{/ or

Termination - Declinables.

e. g. fl*:, WI, CE* etc.

‘ ’
or having the or gW3SR
Terminations of verbs e. g. vr^fa, etc.

Those words which cannot be declined or conju-

gated are termed as Indeclinables or 3T®JPTS

e. g. 3T?I etc.

Adverbs, Prepositions or Prefixes and Conjunctions

are grouped under a^w^r.

* ’ Sabdas are grouped under the following

four classes.

1. fitted 5RT: Adjectives ngr-., g$:, gfif: ^zr:-

2. .fitter ^T: Nouns TUT:, trg

3. T&TW 5T^I: Pronouns ar^ „

4. qpri gstjiif Cardinals
((Numerals)
W, l» ^ .*
 Introduction vs

The above groups are dec’ined to show Gender

)

or (2) Number or and (3) Case or fspji*!,

There are three Genders Masni me

(1) gfcr)
(2) Feminine (tffe*) and Neuter
)

There are Three Numbers or

1. Singular Showing Onj

2. Dual Showing 1 wo

3. Plural srg^FT Showing mor-.- thsii Two.

There are Eight cases or frjrgw:. /idv- cparate
Table with sj^pjts and Meanings on Page 8. C;.;e? show
the relation ot the 5^7 to the governing words.

There are 13 vowels - or wt : The words ond.ng

in 3T?: are called 9?srt: :

Thcie are 33 consonants 53; or ejprst.i.T The words

ending in are called 53^11:.

The dec endon of Sabdas are dealt h re ir. the

above order. Where there is an omission of words
ending in some letters it is to be noted that no fcabda
exists in that <*of.

Verbs are formed out of Roots (*r.g) and are

conjugated to show Number, Person and Tense or m ods
Details are given on Page 108.
 .< ' .

c •
u
>
^4
^ O
G w c
•

c •
o 5# cO
t/3
u.
-G c/> • *“• •
J=Z
D o r-«

H
o £~
uj
u C3
L.
p- «4-T
C5 <1ic/
Cj
cT « o -
>• a C
00
»A
o s
C
<-«
a
Cm #»

g'g*
i

*o
k • —*
of uT
O
5 e o
•->S'
-O
CO O o
o
Ci * U- a < ^
o O
u.
>
• •“*»
g « o . «
- .rj c w«
i

o CO •

Sr* X

!T’ K'
£‘
Cm
RT cp
^ ** & fcr
>* H
fcr
55 »
•>«

|T.S
ft'

.8
6*8
€ « «$ *
fcr a-
5 + 1?. f I
tS>3
- "
fcr Uf * ;=* .?
&
pr
iff

;>
<D O o
• 3
•w
> > k.
c
w •j o >
C«
• ^*4
*-*
a; O u ©
O > >
c«
G G CA C/D rt G • «»«4
> — *
• •*• (A a * 1

*->

a
o>
k
a “O 3
o u
«—
! 2 • «»4

a
ca

o o "O
CO
G « *u
c?
o
2 z
.

Q < o
!

co <c >—

k. 00

II*
-*
W5
£
C
d?
*tr
4
dS'
B
f? Jy
‘to
lr
g
&
 w ii

The Sanskrit Alphabet Consists of 46 Letter?

(13 Vowels and 33 Consonants.)
(FHT) = VoweSs 13.

-*7,
f, i a, WH <?, 1. ^
Out of the above the 5 vowels and % are
gj,

S'*!:
(Shore vowels) and the S vowels VT, 7, 3?, ^ 1, ?/,

3Tf and vft are ^vrf: (Long vowels) |!

- Consonants 33, in Eight Groups,

i*
^
v;
*

•v 7 3 — Gutturals g*rO
5..
X oT5?StI7; — Palatals

— Lin&uals
%

f-
f * X Ji^KTT: (z sr*V
’4. V\
\ % X V=rtf.‘: — Denials 5$:)
•
X X ’sfown — Labels («r 5 T:)
»"* Palatal 3TRj:«ciT:
• «
Lingual or
V Dental Bind-Vowels
/? Denial and Labial
#

Palatal SOTTO:
Vfr. Lingual or
Denial S5l»f!anir»

• •••
•
Aspirate

The last three letters of each of the first five groans

or qvrf: together with the semi vowels and the aspirate
are called Soft Consonants The rest are called Hard
‘Consonants,

Besides the above 46 letters there arc two more

sounds known as srg^tt: (-) fWr (s) il
 rwffctf mtm—The usage of cases.

The following Slokas show the usage of all cases ir

it, tBcoj and 3^ Sabdas in

Wf 5F?:-
—
SR*TT —sfaW:
fitftar —i\A PRT *TR:

<c<ftaT —*m
— ^pt rw
irorc . I

raft
# —*PK*T # srf

3H*ft ~~RR

vm f
— *rc! S^PPB II

R.
c
ww

fffimv. fi'NfFT I

^•m^T 3[P5ts^Ti

^ ^tuf ?PT‘||

\* *& ^~
S#f *Tf^* Jj^r 5^ l

R TO 3^:, nRuRd 5ft *nr, qrftgfr lit

 II ii

I)
£p vro: sro li

& JW: Wl 3^: '

spfaT-Prayer

^IWfN ^rhl ^TWTH'T^ I

f^m ^ Tr^fm^^fr n l

W^rcraFrq; 3itw*t I

37trF <nfa^ sra: il

*

^t mi f^ti 5FT3fRm: l

<tohto TO ^ 'nforo sw: ll 3

^ ttpto w n «

^I'H'+.lt *R«fa TTFT^TC I

^it ^ wtsfor 5pmq; n ^

’T: ftr*t ^TTrpRTO *TI twH#<£( I

^prt: Jht wr ^THf^

t ll
•
5
V OT«raRfqf^=* The right understanding of the words
and their meanings ;
sp^=(i) salute,

^fspn^having obtained ; fcR=entire.

*. ftrc::»words ; <r*T:=darkness ; f5^r=removed.
v. 8TfinT=lgnorance ;
^rar=brush; 3^tftfecT=opened*

H- gft^W^stnfaR and Md^fe.

sfo:-always ; 5PT=Victory; tTjfc&»auspicious,
 Study of is essentia! and

is very interesting too

It g&sgre ^ ii ? ii

73 ft ?H'4h mft T3 p -^frohj v

i

-;^r: si ^ to? to?, 'W\

• •
W&i m
M tow 4 ^ ^ gnroiu n
sh s—
§si s^r^nt £irf^ 1 s&tftc «to«^ ii

S^ISM I ^fcS? 71 SnSflfafl* !*

3 ^— sm^rtqq^^ H!

*.. ?rs^r:§f Grammar •,

^.to tie; 5frft=E!eph3at •

^5Ktt^cr;g=Lotus stern fibre,

v. cf5?lft=even then ;
cr5=study ;
?qnR:=relatives ;

q5PT:=dogs; s*fcentire; 5r-555=bit;

gf>3=once ; 3Tf?i=ordure.

§^*=Good voice ;
= clear
3Rn(:o«r^fi letters;

2on =qualiScations,
:

3?g?rm Instruction.

*t?i<n^=^'*ra?c. <Tcrafaf<T JT?i»rsjra i

•^FStM^eioqaent in Grammar, vrq=may become*

FOR NOTES
FOR NOTES
 II sfkm 3T^ II

* f^RpTT *

II 5K*rad II

TOR0 ! ^ f^TFT:

3F5RI JJBf

a^RFcl: 3%: ‘TO’ ^ (Kama)

%=H'R,

vm to:
v
TO
* i
TO:
t jwn ^TO % TO \r to:
fbftar toj; TO TOF*
V

<[#n *T%0T* toto TO:

i\w*n TO^:
toto
TOTT:

TO*ft TTTOt: TOTS

W §3, 5$K for, CT 51p:

* In ggfal and qgt a|^T the letter ^ will
he generally, changed to ^ when it comes after \oi %
c.f.j^T, 35'^ >
etc ”

ee Panini’s °T; II
?*
jf^f: rl5^: (Vishnu)

ST. 6: 6*
S. ST.
a
T£.

3- OTT
*T. I#
6* #R?t
<T. 6°n^
S. 6 6i: 5^3
<33 3R, ftft, «forfa

3. f^RRT: 3^: *-
‘*TfcT (Master, Husband)

IT. mi 6V *mt
& ST. 16 1 6V
ft q6V
3* 'T^IT <ri¥*T:

6V
and are irregular bases in | The
words however is declined like ^ when it stands at
tbe end of a compound,
viz
 3T3RT STSTRor 5I3^T:

q. q^: qftprf qft*q:

q. q^: q^qt: qqtqp^
q. q?q? q^qt: qfqq

3 %: ‘
qi<B ’
5T®?: (Friend)

q. q^T qq<qr q^q:

q. q. ?q% 1 qqiqt f wmi
ft. q*qrqr mvg
3. q^qi qfq*qT #fq:
q. mi qfa*qf qftqq:
q. mg: qftnqf qftf*q:

q. mgi qqqt: qqfcri^

q. qqqt: qftrs

'A. d+KR; (Teacher)

q. 3* :
3^ 3^J
q. q. t3^ l?F l3^i
ft. 3S 3^
3. 3^n 3**tf 3^ft J
q. 3^ 3^T 3^q*
 1

7.

7. 37'i: gpruj
3. m.
^ 3*3, ^3, *ng, 33 W:
V 5R75RR: : 51°?: (Giver)

7. ^131 zjm ^ItTR!

£ 7. | 5RR 1 tort I TOR

rs •

rc. ?I3KT TO*

3. 3771 TO*tf TOW
TO*7T TO*7:
7 .
TO 3FF7 aoro
7. TO 4. 1
^ 11
^
s. ?T3R TO3
77 7|<J, 77$ I ||

* Nouns derived from roots with the affix

3 such
as vritj.
$$ etc. are to be declined like They form
sffij |

their feminines by the addition of ’

‘
§
etc.
 sFFfl

'3. W: 2%: ‘fa[

ft*
?
5K: (Father)
3. mi vm faro

^ 5f. 1 far: $ mn | fan:

rv «k

ft farm; mn •
fq^j;

mi farm farm:
m
<s **

fa[m farm
7. m: Tq^rm
rx *\
mm
7. 1% I'm: fq^qf

*3. farfr rnt: fan

qt 9T<2, M, ^ 5F®?I: I 51^

mTR: jftjf: * ‘
T » 5T^: (Wealth)

51. Ti: Tnfr tft:-

s ^
# 51. Iti: ^ nqi 1 tft:

ft TFT^ TFTI TFT:

3. TFTT Tim Tim:

m Tim Tim
i q. TFT: Tim Tim
»

>1 * ‘t* ^q-. ‘*n’ qr-;^ ^tfassfa t ^Tifir

g^JS5T6^ ii
 TFTT:
«T.

S.
(Bui!)
R,. afi'hKKl: 3^W : ‘iTt’

.
*ft: *Tlfl *TR:
5T.

m\ I ^T'T:

ft.
TTRT 5TI!

*T5T tfr^pqt *TtW

R. ilt ft*qf

7. ^Tt:

Jit: tt€Y:
7.

S. *TFT *Rt: %
\0. aftarcTR:

mi
*
3^: ^
*mt
(Moon) 5R?:
mi r
51.
v *>
*3R:
S 51. t *37: | ssrt it
fs
15. *31 '-W *?w *3Ht
*^fr-RT

R, *<5it *3rfari *3T*TJ

<r.
*Dr*r:

«T. *3H» *3Rm

H. *<$iR ^itt*
tojr h
 —

3F5RT 4

— .o:

\
1
3TT^RF^: tffejf:
l
mv (Lakshmi)

u. W mv
4 m |^n:
ft Tm:

3. mm ^TT^TT

mm ^TT^Tt tiot:

q. vm*. mrmr mVW

w*n: vmti mm^
H. im
cnj ifofT, $WT, 35ir q^q : I
‘W
<
3TSr> 513 ^1 :

*| 3F»P, ‘I 31$’, ‘I 3f5 ’ fft II

U- ^1<R:
2
:. ‘*TTrP ^ :
(Intelleot)

u. imt wt:
# sr. | im:
ft ITMT

1 . 5ftf% arara^: 5T= 3T: =T fWl 1

2. All abstract nouns (HTtSI^T:) ending in % i.6.,

Sfe, ?fcT, *r%, etc. are to be declined like rrfij li

* Px- *kj<3mK

TT^fT

-
TOT TO% * :1
Hid^rt nfiFrr
- 5$*>
<r. TOW jqftwit
-
<r. TOW
S. TOTT3; tot? TO^t:
•
03 gfe EP33«I:

5T^: (River)
f:
A
51.
TO:
V A
& s. $ *^IT
A
| to:
ft SWT TO*:

$ tot wrror TOlw

A
*r. TO TO^TT
t
T. TOT: TOf^:
3. TOi: TOt: TOHHT,

S. TOi^ tot: #3
^ =fITIft, wsft , ^T, ^ *P35R: 1 S$?ft

cPft, $
WJ, I

* Sftf&lf Words ending in * ’

5 i.e., *jfrT> ^
etc., have two forms in the Singular of ^rgsff, *F^fi

and
 3T3RT ^
{8. |$RR: $%: ‘^fr’ 51 s?: (Lakshmi)

5T, ?ft: ml fan

S. S. I ?ft: 1 mi | far:
ft. PTO fan fan
3. PHI sffarr srifa:

=3. fat - f*& tfpRt site:

<T. fan: - m:, sffatf *fte:

*?. f«nn: - f^pr:, fait: sffafy fam

*r. fan^ - fafa mi: to
^ &, $ 1. >ft W: li

f:
‘
5P^: (Woman)

ST. fft mi^,-s

fan
#. 5f. 4:fa t mi 4 m:
ft. mi fan, #:
3. mi fN #fa
*r.
•
m ffter:

Ste:
«T. fmi: stef
*? mi: #TO
*T. fm mi: to
 '

331RRI: <^> 51^: (Cow)

5T. H
3. 5T. 1 t TO:
rs
T5. H H :

tot ^cqt q#r:

* to-^t%, ^t:
^Ri: -
^t:
*T. ^Ri: - ^t:, ^SjTP^
TOt: ^33
33, 13, *33, ^3 W: "

’ 5 . 3^fTFrT: *
SIR: (Bride)
A
ST. to:
3. ST. t ^ .
i tot | to:
m. tot *t?

% TOJK
^*TT T^r:
% TO TfR:
7. tot: tjr:
* Note that the words ending in s i. e #> vfg.

^3? S3. etc., also have two forms in the Singular of

<W*ft. ^ and SHift like 11

 .

SFTR°r 5T^I:

Tfroj;

H. ptfc P3
P 11 ,
W ||

\C. 3^RRT:
^ 5i^ :
(Earth)

ST. H} PT p:
$ ST. 1 pi 1
! p:
iz. p^ PT p:
z. pi
^ p -ift, ^rt
T. pi: - pi, p^r:
T. PT: -
Ph PT:
FT. PT^- '#> pt:
P *T,
°S.
§H 5PJP:
°\
||

* 31^: (Sister)

ST. ^TFTTCT

S. 5f. I PFT: | SWKT | OTTT:

ft. ^rrc^ ^PTHT

* The words siitj, |f|<| and being them-

selves feminine do Dot takethe feminine termination f -
See foot-notes on page 18.
 ^5*qt
q. ^pqf
q. FT#: wpn^
h. ^TTS *q#J WJ
R°. RyfiRR: 5i^: (Mother)

51. *TFTT TTTSTCT *TRR:

#. 51. | mi ? HTSRT ^ RldS*

ft HI3M Vf%
3- vm wqt mftv
=3. m WRt m?v
myit
q. m?
q.

ST.
m
*n#
*n^T: mpwi

q4 WL, II

3^: (Wealth)

aitW: ST^: 5
**fc 5P ?: (Cow)
^ ^.K'R
^ k1
J
SP5?: (Sky)
sfrsRF^: #%•: ^ (Boat)

^«VN<V
3f3Rf <jJlRs^ R^jp^
 3T3FtT

: o

R*. ^KRI: <

’^5 >
?r^: (Fruit)

3.

ft. 'CT; txSIW

^ ^ !!

1
|3>RRI: fcRjftf :
?
51®?: (Water)*

sr. ^TTH fifaft

tf. ir. *1 mft t^rrM I

r\
ft.

3. mm\ m*n sifw

=3. ^Tfwt
<?. mmi sifoar:

nftw snftTt: 'uAnl'H.

S. . ?lf^Tf: fife

* The neuter words ending in % 3 and *5 hav

two forms in the TOT 11
 5K: (Curd)

IT.

1 ?ftft I sftft
4 *t.

ft. eft
rv rs
?ft*TT 3[rqm:

% eft*ft ?tw:
<T. ^ 1: eft*?i eftro:

% 3[W ?SIR
-
H. eft

^ 3rf&, arf^t 5 R3J:

p>RR: < J
515?: (Pure)

5?. m sfMt
4 sr. \ ^r-l ift,

ft. m #rra:
3.
=?. I5RWTT

* The adjectives (neuter) ending in 5, s and ^ have

two forms in the Singular of ggsff, q^ft 5 qgt and gHift and

^0t, UH«ft f ff R? ;
one form being the masculine form of
nouns ending in the respective letters (cf. 5$, gtjt, etc.)
 3T5RI 5Io^T: RR

3 . #R! " #**> #*3T #*3:

3. #s: - #:> ^wiq;
s. ^llW- #rat:-^3t:> #13
awiR, §tf*T 3^:

R<^ . 3^KRf: ^3#$: ‘Hf*

(Honey)

3. *3 33^ 33ft

S 3. % 3#^ 1
; 3gtf |
a. n 33ft

3. 33*3f 33m:
=3. s# 33*3f 33*3:
3. *3* 33# • 33*3!

3. *3* 3#: 3331^

ff. 333t: 333
R33, 3*§, 3R? 3^: 1

R*
,. 333S3: 3p3#f : ^ 5P*S: (Heavy)

XI. m 3#r
S3. 1 # -
1 3^> 1 3^ 1 ssfa

ft 3* 3*°ft

3- 3^n 3$*3t gsft*

=3. 3# - 3^> 35*11
«?• 3^:, -
W>, W* T 3W
*?. 3^i: - 3%:, - 3*fo gPTR
*T. 3#r - 3?t, grtt?-g^:» 353
^ 35, 25, *§, ^3 f

(That which gives)

^PJ^TT STFjafV
9.

S S. 1 to -
1 to t to°a l^ofV
rs
T5. TO. 1
^ 2T^
<T.
- 3[ffiT
>
STTRt S^TijnTJ

-
3^t TO^ •
TO*tf
7. TOf^- TO*> TO^Ti
3. tt^* - ^3*> TOTO
TO^ - ^ld^Tlt-^rati> TOS
trt cfi§, IT^J, ^ *P3sfll:

WRI-, ^.^RFcir: srl'TKF^T:,

sftaKKil^l SI^T: q f^Rf II

3i5R?

It 3T5R|5W^ ||
 ^ ^5^ , PF* W^'

<
\\. *M>KRf:
,
3^^: ^I (
H^ (Merchant)

3T. #T^‘
4 , jt.

*The final ^ or sns changed to ^ when followed

by a hard consonant or by nothing and when followed

soft consonant.
 ,

sra^swH
rs ^
ft 'TTGRT 3Tor:
q-fap^qf ^forfj^

=*T.
crfq% 'rfujJ+Mf

T. ^TW]
3. #r: ^rrn^r: *tRrt*

*T. ^f«rra ^TOt:

Ri^t ^frR

ST^RFcT: 3^: ‘RHT' 5T^: (Kitag)

5J. RRT RR:

tf. sr. | RRT 1Hr:
ft KR^ RRT rtct:

3- Tr=n RF^TT rrt%

=3. ^1% rrrt
<T. rr: Rtfwrt
%

'f. rr: RRTq^

S. ^5
^3 sPJjR:
 2

SNTCW 5I^T:

V<*-
‘
IT^’ 5T»?: (Wind)

JT. TOT
* JT. |n^ I IT# I TO:
rs
TS. *Twr TO
Mt'dl WS:
I# TO^K
<r. Htrs^JT TO^K
<r. Ht*d M#2 TOT^
it#: ITOS

#TO,j TO* 1

W, TO* ; *TO»
^1^, <\Rsd, *TO*W tpifa II

‘The Present Participles of roots of the 3rd

-conjugation ftwr^etc.
And
a
the present participles of the 2nd conjugation 3T$r?t.,

-jsnstft, etc. are declined like n

All other Participles of the Preseat and the Future

in the masculine >
e *P. are t0 b®
declined lik^ II (Vide page 34.)
 :

£
(One who cooks)
5R5RF9: p5f * >
5f3^ :

![.
T^*
S 3. Im | T^l*
M^ntl *W9«
ft

W5,, II

cBlRRt: 3^ * ‘^’ ^ (I“ telli g ent )

5?.
#RR
t 3. | qtJT^ I

ft

W?,, ?<H^, W,
<l
^ !
II

*<m, ssr,
<nRit,
^«M, ^
**ft
•a’fK-wt:

i
firam

*to«m
t«KRn *wPa ;
i. e.

?WT STTfa II
 ^ cTqfiRRT: 51®^: (Great)

S. mj*r.
sr. i to t toA t to*n
ft WTO to*
513 ?^

j%: ‘sir 51®^: (Friend)

5T.
TO 5?fr 9PP
€ 5F. t to 1 TO?
ft. §TO 5^ W- 1

5. WX
9S& §£CT TOP**
m
.

«T.
TOP**
to* TO* {
TOTO
s. 9lft TO^ TO9
\C

,(
V\. .'KFcf: jf^|; : 3p^ 55?: (Young man)

Sf. PT Pm PH!
ls^ tpi# 1 PR!
ft. PPP* f*R> 5
J*I!

3. P* p*qi pft:
% $ p*qf p*q:
W' p*qf
W
<r.

q.
P !

a. pt: PI

V\. q+KKl: 3^f: ‘WR’ 5To^: (^?:)

5J.
2
tot wr:
t 5T. 1 I WTRT 1 wth:
ft. •
WTH^ qqfa:
3. JNfaT qqq+qi wrfq:
tot q^-qf to:
7. wttm wt*t:
<
4

'3^ fsrci 5% tdu^rat wi I ‘p<ft’

<3^% n
2
Note the difference between given undet
the 36th $r®^. (Page 34) and \
 3f®f SITO 5T53T;

q. *i%r: W^t: #IW

3. irntm

I'fcKl'd:
5J^: (Road)

5T. 3?4TJ T»TRT <f*th:

s sr. 1 'FSTi:
? : <pWi
f>
15. 3^TI^ 3-'4RI q^r:

3'4T qfirwtf «rmw

q. wqf qfrwr:
«T. T4: qf^qf qf«r*T:
T. 4
<WJ WT: 3*1113 ;

H. 3T4 q^t: 3T%

(Elephant)

*• wl wi:
* sr. I ^ I TOT | to:
qflSnfat: srs^T: f^inq, fwu^n —gjf^oft, gfojsfl

II
 ssfotr
ft.

3 .
$ftRt
$ftRi $ftRr
«T. WT: **rt «Rr:
«r.
^Roft:

H- *Rt: 3*3
* 51%^, iPJcR:

5?^,. sl+Ki'rf: jftf ‘ft?r

: 5K: (People)

5T. *ft^ ft* ft®:

*ft* *ft* tft®:

ft. ft!®^ ft* ft®:

ftsri ft^Ri ftsft:

ft3r ft^RT ftfR:

<T- ft®: ft^RT ft^R:
«T. ft!®: ft*: ftsiP^

H- ftft ft*: ftss

The ending of root-nouns is changed to ^ or ^ r

or fa^etc. But the ^ or ^ and is changed
to
3 or ^i.e., or f^r ; or sn ; ^ or *2*t n
 |5RI W Wl 5T^T:

i'3 .
t 1
5T35RHT: 3&S-: cTTSSP 5f5?: (Such like)

JT. *<TT^ <TT^ rTT^n

5 5t. | tflv<u \ cnr^r;

ii xrzm %
dlW) dl^Al*

5. cTT^iT ^TT«-trf

arcwrr
q- m^?r: tnt^i
»r. <n^2 rrrwT: dl^il*(

*r. tfisfa

W t?? 5

snjrR:
,
^T?3T ,
<RRT?5I

ii

»<i. TORI: 3%: <f| 5 >

P?: (Enemy)
5

ST. ft* ft* Hr.

5T. t fist %fsst

ft. n^n
5- %T fef^TT

ft* fl^Tt fs^r:

* feprf * 5n?5r% ’ 53H?t^r ^'nfa i

^ sn^r
gfojr 4
rTt^cir:
’ srftr sgwr^ i 3 fera*
4
cTTTsrT, t^n ’ ^nfSi n
V*

feq:
fs^r
«T.

T^qi^
% fs»n fs5t:

s. m tCTt: fs^§

Wfm: «®C: (*«0

sr. t*T: qwr i \Wi

* 5T. I \ %mi
ft

=3. T43 ^qf

«T. tw: Wt^rr %^r:
q. tw:
tqra %«rcg
q^ra-.
•

^'tiKFcf: ‘STO' 5I«?: (Superior)

*A°. 3^'W'

U- %*m\ %mrj
^ SI. %WH \ wmt
’
* «pra?rf*i!: 5t^t: ffcrai ‘ &ret
*T^t II
 —

3% TO°r wzj-.

ft wm\ ^TTST ?fcrei

% ^frei ^rtm:
=3.
^rtref
<r. %mi ^nref ^T^Tl
3.

*T. >T%
5
wmtt
^
H?- *TsfiRFT: 3%: ‘
>
5^; (Scholar)

9. *rait( rarer ftsre:

5T. 1 m^ 1 ftsrer 1 ftsre:
ft. mm •

rareT
«^|

ft^r:
3- ftl*n ra^re m&
ft#
<T. %?: ra^re fts^r:
f. ft# ftpH
H. ft# ft#: mm.
53 sfag, sftfare, d^iw sppq :

* 3TR t5TO?cTT JT^fcT I q*T[

«3#> %s#f ere^t, rer^ u

S2

wm*-. 3 % ‘
iv (
Man)

fRTHi
R. S*P* A •k #

&V t SRtrt t JRIHt

ft. SHf^ $m\

3- W 3*tf #K
3*«
% $ S*RT

R. w jwrt 3**
R. w>
S. w ^t: 35

*A^. G*RRRI: 3%: ‘

^ ’
51®?: (Arm)

R. & i^RT ^Rt

i R. 1^ I^rj
<|R»
ft.

^tRT ^tfvr:
$•

% «*
R.

R- ^R: StRt:

3. dRt: ^*3
 ^
51 1
* ^
jfsf: *
fe|» 5K: (One who lichs)

V. B^
$ 5T, ift? 1 b|t I Bf:
ft. b^. fcft

ftfi B#:
% ftl %^T.‘
<T. ft|: f$^r:
*?» ft$ bsi^
Bt| &3S
«p ^ *\ -s
H^P?:

II ^«ri |i|yf II

m^ i #fof yt&m
'JfcKFdl

«
I

%qf Wf I ^ §$RRTT *

*Va« 4'feKFtl: (Speeoh)

1
(
Pa « e 8i )

^ W SPJW:
8*

mm: (
Gar,and >

gRsf
1 ’ (Page 31 )

*v», ?mm: ‘ ’ to (
River )

gRsf ‘ (Page 33) 51^3,

<23 cR^,

v. mm: #fcf: S 3 *: (Autumn season)

gfof ‘ip.’ (Page

35 ) 5I5 ^
^ 3tT^, II

<
S^ ,
.5P^: (Hunger)

*t. w-
S 5T. ls>n
ft S^L S^n ffl

3- ifto
flH*
»?. 1CT S*«*
3- ffa
3.

^3* «R* ^T
,
sp®W: 1 3§%sft vm
‘ fPlT: U
 WT 3 =^T:

5,0. (Boundary)

<i% l
im! (Page 36 )

5.? H*KR:
(fe®[
^ 5To^ :

Always Plural)
(Water)

3IFT:, 1 m:, 3TC:, ^:, 3g3|: t*

vt. ^ (Direction)

51-

. ST iwi t $$$
fk-

$•

^r-

«T- $f*r:

7. W*
S. ^Pt sFfFTf.*

The words etc. formed by the addition

of *ft( do not take the feminine termination $ though they
%

end in 3. These words are however optionally declined

like feminine words ending in sn ;

i*o,* fffar* tflfl!., etc.

Sd 3r«^swH

z\.X^- J
‘fa? ^ (Speech)

PPT fan
5T.

ss- t pm I fan
• A

R. pm^ pm pm
fan fafa:
q.
'C.
A

q. fa* nW fasq:

*ttrt fafar:
«T. fan
q. fan PKtJ fan?
%
a

a. m PRt:

%V. qqiRFS: ‘fa? ^ :

(Heaven)

q. . *mi fan fan

S q. 1 mi t fan 1%:
& fan fan

3. R^T s**t SfiB

=q. » l^T n*n

q. fan <* f*q:

q. fan fan: fan?

fafa fan: IS

Note the other mode of declension — -22nd

 SNROT 51^1: 8^

$*.. TORi: <3%:* <$$> ^s*. Nighfc )

(
1
jf®f R5I ’ (Page 40)

'P TO:

5RBRT^: ‘
^ (Direction)

3% ‘31^’ (Page 41)5^

V». : *
mX (Rainy Season)

3&f
1
fl^ ) Pa S 0 41)
(

*P fa* TO:

sr.
5.<^. •M'fiKRT:

w.
% tot
‘
to;’
'

5T=^: (Light)

mi
^r sr. \w. t tot t to:
ft mx TOf TO:
3. WF tot TO:
towt tot:
T. to; mm to:
*r. mi mt: _
TOW ^

s. *n% m\i
** erf^ 3) if ' fan ’
*s$sft 1 WRIS^ 11
 ;
^0

6^. SffiFI: :
4
TOW,’ TO (Blessing)

jr strcft: TORt rtRr:

*1

4 51. fcsurcfo
•
| snrerft | TOR:
3U&W snfcRt rtrr:
ft.

tori TOt^JT 8(wRl

?.
TOt**r:
% TOft Rreftro
3tT5IftRT aircft*?:
q, 3n^n:
TOR: anf^Rt: rtIsri^
»t.

3. SifTClft TORt:

vso. 3: TO (Shoe)

U. TOR ^WRv 3’TRf*

^ st. |tor | TOR:

vssi«r) 3^IR|5

ij. TORI OTRlFlt TOife

^t.
totk*»
q. $sR£* vJMk’^MT vwwss:
<1. viMi*R: visIH^I* *WW£H^
tf. ssRft TORt: 'ShH^
li 5PR0I^ II
 :
‘
( E1 o? uent )

IT.

t?£TFK
ft. $uik
fPT
1
3 <5^’

3^RFcf: ^R#f: ‘W-fg 515?: (Blood)

IT. ST^F ST^ft ST^IMC

#. IT. |3T^ I 3T^jfT | 3T#^T
ft. *3* 3T^fT SRjftjf

sft ‘
qte 33^ »

«V 3^RRT: (World)
%

IT. ^Id,
tf. IT. ^ 3HT^ 1 3FRft

ft. sT^Fft mik

<
ffa 1T^ ,

*JT^i,, 4 id=j^, 5R^., 3>foTc^

r

11^, II

* nc^^i:, ?3^n:, CTf?-cmr?-^f^-wf* ft*nrr ;

^re^cTT:, (i. e. of 5th, 7th, 8th and 9th coQjugations ;j
er^T^t ^KW^Rld^TJwft fa^ror: SUFai:, fPL, Tm H^fTiT:
trjj %=n: II
 VSU. TORI:
<
^ *
5T5?: (Giving)

33Tcf-
Sf.

tf. IT.
1 Vfa
3^rft 5i^r- ^fni
ft.

SHR, -'toldd, , 51 WI., ^PJ^R: II

'S'A. TORI:
1
^ * 513?:
(Giving Pam)

3 j. 5^C 3 ^" 3#>

^Jt.
ft ^^ ‘
51 °^
3#’ 3#*

2
q^ 2 ^, 5^, *TR, *$“ 0 ,
I'

**. TORI: d!PR#f: * 5K: (Cooking)

3. 'Hd, T^ff
$. sr. •
| TRnft | M'-dPd

Tf^rfT
ft.

^ ‘ IRj^* 51 ®^
1
aTWT^mrjwi: (gitcirif^V’J: JT^I'OV^^) (WW: WRITS
«
5ng^’ snjgjisr ^ SB«n: n

*
3RT^ 8WRP%wr« f3|®WT: 5I5RH:
(Present Participles) 5$ ft*rvn OTI3 (Future participles)
arf^ 11
 SWT ws^T: M

'S'S. d^Kint: ‘^’ Sis?: \

'Great)

% ^ %fl +if£lP^

Jf. ^ \imfci
^TR
5ft 3^
. ^jRRl ‘^ ,
51*?: (Heart)

sr.
p: ffc
1 *. is* |
% sa
’
Sl®^

SWTCRT: 5T®?: (Name)

5T- *TR »Uifl-»Utf4i) «n*flPi

^sf* t srra^-t »nKj | Hiyt—^ t •rrorf'i

hih h i^Ti ^mfk

‘
fft

^ STR^, W,, II

tj:rrf?-f5^rf?-f^-wj-5nTfi3fq| ^r^'.Ti: Ttirft^r; a

 TO*®*ik
6°. WFa: ‘
5*3 ’ 51*5: (Action)

% «$ 5*#
#. s. t *i f 5*# 1 wfa
ft. 5*# $nfo[

WJR,T^q:

*\ . TOF3: iQWftf; TO- (Day)

ST. 3^: ST#- aapft, srcift

3^: 1 si#- 1 3^#, K siHR

ft- 3^: 3T#~ 3t$# r 3Rlft

3- 3^r 3## 3{?#Tr

311 3#^n 3#*T:

<T. 3^: 3t^rf 3T^tr:

311: 3T#: '*m

fl. 3(j§“3l^[) 3(§|! wm
<£R. *i3>KW:
? (Meritorious)
#f: * 5T^R( 3I®5:

% 3ft 3ft# 3#ft

# *. 1 V$*&b *1 3ft t Sft^ 1 3#ft
ft. 5ft 3ft# 3#ft

^ 3^1 spp?:
 OTRW 5I^r: ^
‘STV (Water)

5f. TO =nrr *tm

5 . *r. 1 to t srft I to*

ft. .
to TO*

tr? ‘rev

<: 2 . C*RRi: sS-^K-" f:

‘
?RS^» SR: (Of that kind)

mm\ mm
>*f» r»

$. Vi. '<>
i | <n^r
fu- oT^i, wzft mm
ffa 3^
W *P* :

WR: ԤT&T *K: (Very Matrons)

Jf. #!£
tf. 9. SRpft

fg;. §RR( §M( ^Crrq

 mtr*:
1

^^ ;
(Mind)

mm
IT. W:
IT. | TO i n?wt I tom
vt’ TOffa
ft
SP£R:
?T^u 'k M31S,

$f2W, spiral: fq*RU 3ffa #Ff 11

5T^ (Oblation)
^RT^: ‘
ffH ’ :

rs c
ST'TTT #fra
If.
r> f\

If-
•k

^m-
rs
% U'TTt i #rc
r <~^£y
ff# ^TPT
ft m-
3 . ^FPTI
c

% #*ST 5TS^TT

<T. imi fft# WJ A

S- #T! fmt: ktns;

fl. wm ^FS
<£T *T%, *%£% spjcR:

<£<£. 'Ef'ftKI'3:
‘ ^’- (Body)

S$ S# \ C\ •

& IT . is$ is# ssi;rc

ft S$ s# sift
 S'Stf 5[c^T;

3- 33^ *8#
=3.

3. ^T: wjwn ^T:

«f. ^3*
ff. 3# ^3*3
W «*3$ , W:
5F?:
(That which has stood)
fS - •fN_
JJ.
<Pffr fltwTTRT
S- 3T. 1 f <Fffr
ft.
‘ %T >
|
g£j^ ?
OTf^ET ,
R^: II

v« fE^RRi: *
3[#^f (Lotus)
*\ r\

5f.
...

3TRTOT
,

31##
4 ST.
t 3## 1 sp^rt#
,-%-
•ft.
r.-n,

V*w?5 f\
31##
i
?

II # *TgSR#|: M^l^ II

II# ^^1 H«W^ II

ll # sniffs fcmi ll
 3^f (Pronouns)

There are 35 Pronouns which are classified uoder

the following 6 kinds :

~
1. Personal — (I), (You), ^(Your Honour),
^ (One’s own)

2. Relative— Jf? (who), S<W, SeW— ^ tJcTCIS.

3. Interrogative—fapi (who)

4. Demonstrative—^ (All), fqg (All), ^ (another),

(Other),
(either of two), tjcTC (Other),
s
tf (Other), (Half), u*r (All), Rw '(All), cT^ (That)

tRI\(Tbis), 3^ (That), (That), (This)

1. There is no vocative case for Personal Pronouns,

2. There is another word 3FW«T which is not a

Pronoun. It is declined like

3. *PT when it rccanss ‘AH’ is a Pronoun. But m

wbeD it means ‘Equal’ is not a Pronoun and is declined

like wrers*.

4. ^3°t? 3T$nta;—

313^3 fefjE 'TTt% II

hand,
^ is used when a person or thing is near at.
 1 —

5. Numeral— 1 ^ (one), fj (Two), 3*r (Both),

3*3 (Both).

6. Directional—^ (Eastern), if* (Other), 3R»;

(Western), qfjjvr (Southern), 3^ (Northern), (Other);,

ep*< (Inferior), (Outer)

gvri and 3 cl* are 5. s<3vts which cat be affixed tc

and <r$. Ex. (who 01 which, of two),
(who, or which of many) 3cR (who or which of two) Jfci*!

(who or which of many) 33* (That one of two) 3cT«

(That one of many)

is used when a person or thing is nearer Still

artj^is used when a person or thing is at a distance.,

is used when a person os thing is abeent.

$gas(i

^r*t 5S,T 1

mw\ ^ \\

1 . The various meanings of tr$ are:

one, 6R*r little, smR chief-eminent, sp?* foremost,.

%^?s sole-only, greKm common, ww same, wt The-

number one-
V
SRil^rct: jftf: ‘TO TO (AH)

sr. m ?
m N
rr
~r

& sr. l mi TOR

ft. TO m RRTR;

3- xm TO*RT to
TORf tor:
T, toto to*rt TOR:
r. TO TO?t: toti^

s. TOit: TO
t^f ftij, ScR-SdRMtfWI'R, RRkW, 3RR, 3RR<R,
^K, sR, ^R, SR 3l«\(:

<U. 3TFRRR: : ‘TO TO (AH)

JT.
•v
m ** •s.
m '*'* •\
rrt:
0

t IT- i^r 5 RR 5 rrt: f\

ft. TO RR rrt:

$ tot rrtto
a

mm r\

tor RRT*RT m*v

<T.
;
rrto RRFRT TOr:
*? TORT! to?*: rrtrt^
*r. RRRt: TOR
^ ‘ft9P SPJRR:
 5[^[: $

. aRSRIR?: .^33#^: *g|* (All)

A

i?.
^ c

i 5?. 1 l m | R#T
ft mq m *R#f
^ m 5T^T: | 3

(Vocative Singular) ^ S'TlIw II

3». 3T*fiKRT: 3%: ‘3<§> 51^: (Eastern)

JT. 3^ 3^r-35t;

R.
f\
IS-
% t ^ t3j?f f *H W
S- 3^3
O A
3jn*rf #
*T. 3?T*Vr
A
3^tt
0
«T. 33^ 3^*t:
3. 3^r 3^t: i$W{
R- 34faRH^ 3F*fr ^3
'

3^ wrfa ‘
'R 5 s^cR:

3^; ‘3^’ ^
tp ‘‘RP %Wl-
 ’A. 3R3RF3:
: ‘
^ (Eastern)

'l?
ST-

S' 5T-

'J'TTM
ft *S

jpSJ

3R5RF3-.
‘
3S 9 5T^: f^ ff^THT: (Both)

Q,\9.
*fliqp3 W *#
3ST 3% 3%
fl.

1 3*r | 3%
S-3- f 3*n
3ST 3^ 3%
ft £

3ST*ST 3st**tt
c[- 3ST*TT A

3ST*3T
% 3ST*trT 3ST*St

3ST*Tt
3SRST
s.
«T. 3SSfc 3W, 3*wt:

3SSt‘* 3SStT 3*wfc

S-
*

ton* - snfoif sl% - v£&S&k i

* gfa-S^ '»
;
:
 \
oo. 3fl$RFrT: gf^: *‘3*pp 5T5?: (Both)

TO %PR

IT. ^TT:
% JT. Isvpr:

ft. svpn^
3- 3^:
% 3*FT& 3#r:
% svpfcq:
%
3*T%

OfHi 3 'irfei ii

? oR ^'t-Kl'd:
*
Ijspf t

WT[-#^-f^rkl^ fcqfog TO 1
>
|

tft 3^1 ft^R |

* The word <r«r? (in all genders) is not used in dual

l|
*8

^
03 . « wU^:
,
S^f :
(
3V
*
(He, that;

% ST *
<KS

st
ft r<
di+^i s:
*3. <F& stasis; s*s:
sr+si S*S*‘
^•s 4

7- <H=*T sst: STT

sst: S3
^ ‘
S^5T®^:

°S. <+KM: «
<
SS J
51°^: (She, that)
\

IT.
rs
ST % ^fi:

15. % st:

5 SST aiwrt siftt

s?*tt sr*s:
STJST! dl+MT sr*s:
*. ^tt: <PTtJ STHT^
S. ^*TT*3[ rn: STg
**$ ‘
9^’ 3T5?:
5*
°*A. ^Kl'd: <g^> ( T hat)
51. * srft
% sift
ffcS^I 5K: 1
 .

1°%,. ^RRl: 5%: ‘

’ 3T5?: (This)

%
ft-

<(.

% *3^Tr^Tt n^r:
>
T

*r- »srct:,

513?: (This)

5T.

ft.

3- n^PTf-^jpTT mf*v
% ^TTRt
T-

<T- Wi:
* The forms of
optional and viz,
<$«T etc., are to be used when there is i.e., when
their proper forms have already been used in a previous
clause ; tr^r sTOWJTvftcTq; (He has studied Grammar), tr#
(Teach him (prosody) etc. ar«n^*r means
the subsequent mention of a thing a'ready mentioned.
 $
°<£. ^KW: (This)

sr. TOI, TOR

fi:. TOR-TOR

\ °^. 535RRT: gfcjf:

*
‘
^ (Who)
ST- *t: TT *
is

ft *n MR
?R ’TTTO . T.

TOTT TO:
«T- ^*TT^ *TTTO

TO ^tr
TT- TOR TOt: *1
^ ^TcWc^^T®^

^PTCR :
‘
’
5TR: (Who)*

ST.
'
^ *tt:
‘

ft. *TR * *n:

$• TO TOTT Tift:

TO TOTT tot:
<T. TOIt TOTT tot:
 *FRFT y^.l:

<T.
WTT:
s. w: *ng

^'PRFcf:
1
5T^: (Who)

JT. ?TTH
rs
T5. 3
»v

w* 3^1 *ra^ f «ra*^5T3?T

\ 3.WF3: ‘
W (You)

3.

ft.

?*pn
gqw-«r:
7. pt*rf
7. 3**TPR-sn

a. i**ns
‘The two Sabdas 3Tcrc?T, and tppni. become e^RRr
in Nominative, Vocative and Accusative Singulars.
•The optional shorter forms ofgsr^ and ar^viz.,
<ti, f:, % and m, art, are never used at the begining
of a sentence or of a foot (qr^) of a nor can they be
used immediately before particles =tr, 5, 51, ^ and ^ u
m W3:
Sf.
.

as*
‘3T^’ 515?:

3TTCT*
% fef3 WPIW: (I)

m*-aT, 3TWT5;«l{
ft
JRI s^ritoi
3 .

3RW-^J
*T. a* 3ISR*

«T.
aFrcfc-srt stchpe-*:

S. JTf? asms

^S. Ri^RR: 3%: * 1

T^’ 5K: (Who?)
Jfc

51. $5 %
ft ** ?5T

3.
1*

'M+H

<T. 'hlHI
<1. Im*
+R:H* ^rt: %s
^ 3kPT 51®^

* Indefinite pronouns are formed by the addition of

or arfq
-

to the various cases of this word in all

the genders e.g.

 tffopT 51 ^ 1:

4
S> S*^. t'bKW: ^1%^: ««[: (Who?)

ST. $T % *r:

ft. $1^ % ^t:

3. to 3TOT 9TO
% <troi tot:
«T. tot: TOTT tot:
*. tot: wt: Ml
TOT^
*r. TOm; to: TO
^
5^: (What?)
ST.

ft. ft* * JSlft

^ 3^ I
.

^r ,
3«wt. $i«jj

\\*. H+KR: 5K: (This)

5T,

ft. J

$. TOTT TO
% TOlt TO
<T.
3TOT TO**
7. TO 3i^t:-TOt:, TO3^
TT. arf^; TOTT:TOTt:> ^2
The r. srs^TS ^cRct. and i«w^. become creiCRT in

Nominative Vocative and Accusative Singulars,

 wt- wra: ^ :
(This)

9. & ^n:
ft. *r:-srt:
* sr*th?r% mw 3rrm:
awwtf 3TR-q:

*T. 3^?i: srrfqf

*?. mw: sr^hr^T:,

3KW{ wfr-iRqt:, m
WRT: 5K; (This)

3T.

ft.
$ ^
SRR
^HIR-tRlft
%* 3^

3%: 4
3^ *
5T5?: (This)

5?.
A *S 3T#
15.
*S
* spprr
.

snftft:

3I^rf 3nft»K
 %km 5T5TI: ‘3J>

*T. 3T5^ 3PpT mmi

*r.
sri^T snfanit

a. 3Ti^t: mt%

$>^5> . ^T^RRT: *
31?^ > TO (She)

51. mi 3P£
r\
15. ** 3P£
3. zi&n STfRT spjft:

3*pT sppri sifRt

«T- spprr st^t:
«T- 3Ti^n: snrrt: 3T^
•S. 3 ^:
WR: ‘SR'S’ 5135: (That)

3R[; *1 3HJ&
fe. sr;:
.

5R5RRI: 3%: (Other)

5f, rid I ^T3J

 i

^ (Other)

cl^I^R: sj^R5% : (other)

W 3%: * *
5r^: (Thee)’
*• WF$\ Wtt'.
‘
ft? ’
515?^

515?: t^RR; (Thee)

ft? ‘
^ >

^RR: (Thee)
** H^ft *raf<r
ft? ‘
5TR’ 5J3^
II ^r toui^ ||

sm**? w sitimr: H 3 ; m
 (Numerals)

sf^RFd:* ‘
^ — ffc &frWFd (One)

W. jra W ^5T
%TF*
:

ST.

&
3. WT
=3. *?3R*t

7.

7.

fl.
W 73R3T: «J3R3

^R*R[
m f|^f-^r^ ^ ^T: [

crt 3Rq ‘
m$\ n

^RFd: ‘fe’ 5T^: —^ |lWa: (Two)

W. # n°.
•s.
ill* ^
ST. Ir 5
*v

ft 5T 5

* t^sB when means ' one ’

is declined only in the

Singular; but in other senses it is declined in the Dun!

and Plural also.

3. 3Frf

T. 5F»rf

7 .

wm m. w_#
ms: mfoT

ms: fftP«r

mm* mm:
f^r:
m*Rm:
 $TS^ ; van

q. ^4 : ^>'q: I
q^^q*
A

q. q^TT^
A A
q. ^5 q^5
‘qg^’ q^q: qqa^q’ q^RlT: 5I®^T: ;
have
same declension in all Genders and in Plural only.

W.q^qRT:) ?«° .qqq faro)

'

5f. <T2T % qn
ft.
q- 2
? % qq
<[• qssmi qsft: qqfq:

q. q^q; qq*q:

'T- qsm: q^*q: qq*q:

q. qs^Riq; q^ qqiqi^
*• qsrg qq§
<»*• qqJRHT: ‘ST^’
, 51®?: (Eight)— 3ftq ftfqq W
q.
WW
32
OsTC'TRP^) f5#T ^ silr
(<{HHH0

ft- '<m

3. qqfq: ssriq:

q. qq^q? srei*q:

q. s^q: qqpq:
 —

*r.

31213

* ‘33^ spp% ‘sRcRF^’ <T^ir: 5I^T: ‘HH'i) |}

— Numerals 20 and above

Pforft:, feld,, ^fr-llR^, W^iHiTd,, qfE:, FHf3: r

^llfd:, q^fcl: ^ #{^5|T: I fsRR,, -'WlR^, T^TSR;

^ fl^RTFTT:, 3F^ faTOFfi: f^fa: I 'T^ff

ft^n R%T: fqflwrar r i Rw^rr

6
S&ft I 2?3TT Rsrft: fJTTCT:’ 1

RiiMd^l R4l^f 3 siR FT: I q^T ^q'bl'Jfi

\ f%ft, ‘iFfT %: foRq : ’ |51tR I 3^ ^bRRHT ‘qft>

515^ 3w<nqr ,
‘
fR<; » =* m$\ sssqrft n

5TcT Ff[3-3T53-53J-5153 3T=^T: 3f^Ri<3-

pRFSreffll^: #TRft fifftTOl sfift

—
I

qqi 3RT 5ht:» ‘«fs fm: J

sriRi
— ‘w
‘

Rtraqi wf 3 fg^R-q^q^ ®rft w., q?rr

1 51^,’ ‘
wwi qtRr Fq^Rt —irtR ’
11

S^iRTR: ‘qjffi’ ST5

? -^q^'-HdF^ :

:
(How many)
Same in all Genders
w*m> $Rr> ?$m, $Rr*t: $Rft: ^fRrnj;
n ffe mm^ji 11

* Refer to pages 79 and 80.

 5I^T: V3V5

(Ordinals)

^Rl'd: ‘ i (First)

5T. 5jsm: wm sp^-srspw

4 n. 1 5i m | smi 1 5ro%-| 5wn:

H3 ^q-^^-^qq-^-fgqq-qq-fqcR ^Eqsppq: II

*»». STWRRT: sftfsf: *

5[
W » 51^: (First)

5T. WWl SflPt JTWJ

SStlft ‘
vn * 515^ I ^ ‘
=^jti » 3na;qisfq n

‘5f%UT’ (First)

51. 5WIP* 5^
fSIlfe
‘
’
35^ |
‘
^ * Icqi^qfsc^q ||

s^RT: 3%: ‘R^fa’ 5K: (Second)

5T. R^ta: fetor fetotf

v rv ^ r\

4 5?. 1 fstfta I fetor 1 fetoi:

ft. fefrft fetoig
I. A
fl^T R^TT^Tf feto:
 ;

3. fedlW lidl^Ml*

33 ’
5153;:

<
\
S'S. 3TT3iKHr: ^f^p: f^dNl ’ 5T®3: (Second)

*
m 1
l
:
^-^2infr-'#-^H%-
fs^wr - fjcffapr ; fs^ftqwr; - fetbrmi:

Mwn: - fl^TFn:, - KdV-u^i^-sft

^ f%: I
*& g^fkRF^ n

SHKW: 1
fjdl'3 1
5T^: (Second)
_ a ,
_ r aa r fv .r.A-
R. IsdH^ 1351 1 3 15,dNrM
in %f | ftdtnrft
a.
IS-
r_ f\-TrT
TS3t^
n rA
|33M
a a
wlrTfH
‘
5TC 33^. I 33 ’ 5103;: ||

1
=^[-'T^‘TI^: 5T^I: irsfi —3%
%3t ‘
33t ’
515333^; pjfc ‘
3*5 >
5T^3^ 3E53I: ||

and (in all genders) are optionally

declined like in the Dative. Ablative, Gentilive and
Locative Singulars < Refer to page 79.
 TORTT: W ^^ ^ ami

5^^: ^fm 1Z&%—

(Ordinals)
^*EI3fl: (Cardinals)
Mas. Fern- Neuter.
Mas. Fem. Neuter.
*WI: q«RT q«m^
>^T
I
o;3v.

S 5
2
m ftrfal HtffeP*
R
^ 33:
It

fg^: ^foi
3
^ =
33 ^
=E(cIK: ^3: -t^flR
4
^
3^1 3*M
»

l
& 3^ 3^
q^ft q^rei,
qsn:
^ q^
TO: TO* qw.
^rarei;
SflH:
V3 HH
ereft stot^
ere1!:
<: ere, sret
^TTO: Jppft
•5,

3[5TH: ^Wt 35PF(

°
^

formed HM **»
and ^ are irregulary ; ,

^ they are formed by dropping the

fin a *

to pages 73 and
74.
1
A
»
2> 3> 4—Refer
 (Ordinals)
<UW«n:VI

(Cardinals' I
f^nrR(
w

9?
1 •

SO^T: SEKSP^
%

;
3%3ST: 3%sSft
?3

r*
q^5T trarsRT: w?et
'TT?5ft ^ISSPi,

WRRT:

3HR5T: STERSft

Q^rR^T: q^rcR^t «?^rR^

tv
^I^R^tR: :

3rR5T: 3RR3ft 3RRrei^

[g^RsrR:

Rm 3
R^T: R# isrc;

R^RRW: R^rRcwt R^lRcifR,

q-.'^R^r^
H.+R#:
4

ordinals from to are foimed

1. The
etc *
by dropping the final ^ i. e •

The 9th compound numeral *

19 t 29,39, etc. may
2. v

also fre- made up by prefixing

or gj5f=less by one to the higher.

3. See foot-notes on Page 81.
 6 —

flfSIRrs^T: ?T|p€}2EiT53T: (Ordinals)

^•

(Cardinals) fenrru. OT
*j*rf^5r: g?M
3 3

sreiRsi: snnftsft

*The ordinals from fsstRT and above have two

forms ; The first form is by adding fl,? invariably ; e.g.,
Mro*r, farcw, *ftew* etc.
The second form is :
(a) By dropping % of group and forming its

Compounds e.g., fNr, etc.

(b) By dropping of fiptRt., and

groups }
and <rera\
(c) By changing the final % to 3T of tr^fg upto
stfsrafct: e.g., tpare, etc.

Note that the following 4 cardinals sfe, *THfcT, 3T?ft%

and have only the first form, e.g., 'TferW, tJHfeW,
arcfifrRW and rnrf^TJT ll

* compounds of t^-ijui»<is (12, 22, 23 24 etc),

In the : ,

ffc, ft and 3mi,

are changed to S3, *TT: and 3m necessarily
before fferRt and ft^ra. and optionally before
«t«rpi, <*fs, and rrafer. Before sreffft they
remain unchanged.
S —
 STRJRR^
SpRIs^r: af^RIRT: (Ordinals)
{Cardinals)

w?J>T:
%
"ftfeR
f^SR Rt3T:
m feR
\\ >R#3R 'S^f’TCT:

3.R S'^R, 51^51:

grftsR
^Rfii^R 5Rf%?T:
^Rer
3* ^RR. ^5%5T: RgfirR
3*A Pf^RR <TSjf%: «rafNi 'T^fera\
3$ reta. 'Rf^ST:
'RftsR
3^ *Rf^3T: safer) SHfeR
\t «rejf&R ^ffeft 3
TElfeR
Rf^ST: s^feft ^few w

RRrfRT RRifM SRifom

«? ^^tRsr • " «. vu ^
gRRifoR Si^nffcft gj^rf^
GhmiI&r ^1%: fiRRTfoft t^Rlf{^
v\ ^SRfrfRR ^^Rlf-RT: 5fl}*JRrfRft TOqsnRgq
ferifaR R^RlR# f^Rjf&R
*»
^ '^RlfoR WRlf^ft WSTlft^
*3.
q^ifaft T^ifera;
S'® STOlfRR SH^ijfRT: *krtriM aa^f&R
 ;

rJ I #

$?<?, 7'T7<7ltol, TT^TlfeT: 77=7*7Tf (:<Tl:

3773*3
•Ao TSTRR, 75! RT: 731$ 73T5T7;

"v5> Q^T^RIT, 73>7*: .

77>731$
3T7* gT73l$ gT73RI3;

Ht^rr f^q^iRT: f|73Rft fg33Rt7;

*A^ 77:7^RT3, 77:73 RT: 33:73$ 33:73RT3,

ftT^RI^ f773RT: f$3Rft T373RT7,

W =73:7*1. =73:7*: • =73731$ =73:7*^

«a»a Twraro^ 7373RT: 7373RTt q373RT3;

'AS, 7Z7*I 7273RT: 7273Rlt 3273rr;

X •s

<A^ 7TORT3 377*: 3373Rjt TOTRTT,

'a^ 3* 27*3 3TH7*: 3*273Rft 3T5q3RT3.

STERgRI^ 3T2T7*: 3T2[33f$ smiT^Rr^

773*1: 3773RTI 77731:73,

A 1
?, 777*3.
7fe?7: 7fcf$ 7f$W3,
S® 7T2:

tr-wfe 7^72: l.'Wfil 7+7S7;

\\
£T7S: gJTSt 5I7H3,
S.< gJ'Tfe:

%fS: tTEt
m-M-. 33:3$ •
 :

tv
tig-’JisKi S|fSPRr®3T: (Ordinals)
(Cardinals) jfe ferqn^ fiffr
5.5? ^•.q^
»*

V*l q^#: qgq?: q^qqt q^qs^

5.5. ICTfl: q^qH:
% qzqs) qzroj;
^vs SHqrt; tfflqgt ^yq^
$.t are^rfs: arsq?: 3Tsq^ areqi^
3TSTTf%: ®rsiqs: 3T5iq^t 3THrq^
5 1
?. wfe: •RiMK: qqq^t qqqpj;
^HfddH: ^Hfcidn)
^RRRT: west
zmft: £W9d: Sl’Hddt §mqq;
f&*lHd:
ftflfldq;

^ m mlb qq:^Hd:
•

%TCRJ: fq^RRft tacra;

'*V ^3:^:
^'A q^RTft: qg^cl: q^s^Rft q^qqqqq;
^>5. wmSi: q?*RRR qzssRft
•
m
q^Rrqq;
** mmfo: SRRRRT: *RRRRft snsi-Rra;
*t 3TS^: s^ERRI: 3T5*RRft
3TSraHl^: ®rewaci:
3TERRRra;
•T'l^dd: qq^dt qq^crq;
3Rftf<RW:
^ftlddH^
t\ q.qsi*ft(d: ^l^fld:
q^iRfare
 :

gfqr-S|%T

(Ordinals)
(Cardinals)

SRIl#:
m
sRTfa:

s^RlRR,

=WM
<^ ^RTtfcl: 'rannfa: 'mrarat

^fld:
<^ TORTtfr: HHl^d: ^^reitera.

£t RSRltfd: STgRTtcf: 3TSRM1 ®jewM

<£3, *RRTtfd: •RRTkR(
'T=d%crR': JRfdcRt
'S'FRfd: «cw#
fFRRT: glldldl ^rrr;
f&d'ld: fg*Rcf^

^'f'ldl 5RR^R,
fcrcft: f^R^rcT: f^R^t
'dsjd'ld: Rg'krft •d^dld^
^ 'TWRfc: H^Nd: SWRcft Wddd,
V® m^-. 0TO: ^RR^ft
%£ ®rg^: ^SH'td: ^Sd^d) 3n?Rd^
’
3 tSH e
l Id RER^RI: 3fS|d=ldl 3TER'RR(
c
*>% *i Hd(d: *H*FRT: M'H'ldl
 — !

S|p*wi«3T: (Ordinals)

(Cardinals) •

J>
0 O SETcTC: ^icraql 5TclrPT^

0oo -Fif^raq:
^

^
o o 0 o ^ndnl
^ooooo W;^T; <3^: 55^41

^oooooo
oO0 0O 0 0

The ordinals from 5TcT and above are formed

0
only

by adoiDg an e.g siaatr, ssfecW etc.

The other cardinals above sRtfe are ;

—
6i5^ } 9T«3r, 3T^5T, Ji'^r and qn«r

Each of these is ten times as great as the preceding,

Refer to the following slokas :

^-^51-513 ^ ^ I
Hgci'+I : WST: I

V|«l|q|: ?3TRHT IkIT: l

jf: II

H II
 m Tom ws fam:
3f3Rf ir^W iPRip^

tn. 3%: ‘^n$ »

^-.
(Descendant of f^If)

If.

£ it- t
ft-
$pnqi v&m
u^-tH fg^PiT: ‘W $5?^,
‘

3^ ’

tV. 3PSKR: 3%: *

fiftV TO (God)

V <N rJ^
N V * N r _

$ R^flJ ) | ROT
ff. If.
5 R^HT ) % M^FKR
R3TT ) FfrKR[
fi
RTOT i R^s:
r\ ^ ' . f\

i- RSTCfWfT R^T:

fos^FT {
*t. f^r^ft ftsftwR
)

* The word optionally assume the forms of

before the vowel terminations.

— 4
5RTST <nfaR*5ft: 1
 fM[W*T ROTT
~ 0
mw>
foam
<5? 3T5T{, f^5fj SPJcW:

\\{. <ns, W- *na

3IW?I?T MI?, ^1, *ne 3^HT T^, MIS

PIR3TT few *fe I ^ =? ?fe ‘§1^’ fe\

‘
)Tlfl ’ 515???, ?go*ir: II (See Sabdas 38, 84, 68)

\W. 3TOF3: 3%: ‘

RW » SR?:
(The Protector of all)
r\ ^
q. ton: TWIT kmi
V
t S. I kmu t km^
r\

rv
\ rw:
ft Wl^ TWIT
rs •
fen
rs rv

I. TWTI R^TPRTT fwnro

% km fq^qp-qf
7. kmi frsprnptf fasmwr.
q. km kmu fq ?<RT^
*T. km wiki
#TTT, 5Ifan sppq: II
 i
\W*U 3TI^R^: 3^5f-: fl|f
1
(Name of a *P*t)

% ^
flff! m fifn
$ sr. f flfl* %m t mi*
k lift TO
*• fifim:
% TOri
n- m inwt
flfTJ mi
H. w £ifi§

^BRR: 3%: ‘
WTfri ?
51®?:

(Descendant of 3pTR^)
R, 3?TfM Sl^FTTJ

$ 3. i srpft 1 3I^Hm
fs ^ \rs
IS- sfeM vlf^taRt

1
5f# II

^’V 8 . |^RF5: 3% rs -*i

515?: (Wise)

5f. §mT §fW

V r\

IPTJ I |#*T!
ft §TO §mr #*n
3- #*n grftatf
 Sf. #1 59W
<r. §m: 5^hp?n
7. #PT: §mt:
a. pf §mt:
1
%3S: ‘
ifr ’

m ‘
w? ii

f^RRT: 3^f: ‘fcfRV 5I3S[: (Commander)

5T. fowl
5T. 1 forfr: % %*FT>
fj. sftf^
%ww*wtt frrretft:

s^nftwrf ^Rpftwn
7. for*?:

TRF’T! ^TFqrg •

sr. SRPTFJ) %IP7t: STCRhj

^ ^nqtrft spjcR; ||

» t^RRT: <
Spft >

f^: (One who deeply thinks)

&TR* 1
>
|f?t ||
 \\°> !jf®f: ‘IP^ 51^: (Very Intelligenc-

es 4t: q?q fft ffa* )

:

sr. spft: sre^r:

fe.
JT. I sift

5f^
|ir4
3t4
1
stwtj

5. 5TWT sraNt rorw

ST«T 5T#qf wtr:
«r. span: •jNW snftwn
«r. wmt JMtJ irfRTTj;
s. ST% ip&I
^q# 5T^fS'^q^q | %=j TRq
‘
> sffi wk%i n

\\\' t*RRf: s%: ‘^npft ’ 3?:

5T

(A swift antelope)
IT. 'TKnr#: ^ran»4i im*v
sir. 1 imfti | STRUCT
£ ^TTSiPftqr transit «ilda»fR[
5. ^Rpnftorf irrarmfs:
=*.
BESEEMDEESES
<T. ^nmFqf
7. ^raiFTJ ^RRFTtJ 3I3hHR(
S. ^Wh*h)5 'TWmmTI
 J :
&Nf5?T: 1{

\%o. fwR: *
5T^IT
y
51^: (Very Intelligent)'

(RfST ^
IT. mti sraft q*q:

l qft 1 J^n | qsq:

ft 5T^ q*f:
3. span qqn-’qf snftft:

=3. sn*r q#qf jpfoq:

q. jt^i: qqfrqf qqt^q:
q. q*n: qsqfc qqfafl*
q. q*TT^ snaft: qqrq
qg^qtft 5I^rsc^f |
gtq s^W#
‘
II

\\\- WI^: 1%: ‘

^nnfT* 515?:

(A swift antelope)

q. qiqqqt: qiqqrqT qiqqpq:

5T. ^ qiqqqh i qraspu | qiqq^q:
ft qiqqqiq; qr^qt qrasnfa
qmqrqi qiqqqt^t qiqqqtfqi

q. ^ESESIHKES5B
q. qiqsppq:
•
qirfqq^qt qiqqq^q*
q. qrqqpq: qraq*qt: qiqqrqi^
q. qRfqqr qjqsFqfc qiqqqti
 $ I
ft. 5
&teRT
^
^qj ^t§»Tj
s0|wn
*. %-^J,
tf. ^SR-^M, ^fT:-^tft;, sftg?

W- 3^5RRT: 3%-: ‘fffig’

(S
(Frog)
5r. ^Rj: • 3TOTO
V ° ^
s. 1 i ^TRT 1 ^fcr:
r *,
ft. 3W3T
3. ^n*n TOjwrf
'TITR ^Ri^rt tojwtj
7.
^TPJwrf
0
*m*f: 'TTR^t.* ^R^R[
0#^ A .
3T.
cpn*qt:
^TRJl
3^, ^i^m-. ii
 3T3RT 3&IF f^PRT^T;
^
3'+<RRf: 3^: ;
^fVJ f
5[5^: (Vishnu)

5T. *T£?t wm
S 5f- l^f: 1 sn# %
1 *Tpf
rs
If *tpt w$v.

W^t
<T.

7. ^p: ^rp: ^pnj;

ff. ¥T# w&ti
^ mi sPfTC: II

W- 3^RR: j&f:
4

it w. (Name of a rj^d)-

5f. Hf iff If
f n. \w tifi I If
ft. Ilf iff Ilf.
3- Iff ipft IIWJ
If n^ ll*rc
7. lf !
n*tf
<r. If: # Iff
s. s% S5»s in
 —

3fd*cl

— :o:

mW'Z-. #%: ‘3RI ’

*51^: (Old age)

3T. m src-arcsT to-to?

& $. taft % SR-| TOT 1 to-| arcn
rs

15- totot 5RR-TO

3. to*tt 3Rlft:

*T. <ttot 3RPRTJ

<r. srTOi TO*T:

<r. TOfc-roT:, TOOT-TOW
h. '*RPn’-3!T%» TOtJ^TOt; arc®

SR^01F(

t V s- 3F?>rcH: :
‘
3RH *
31^:
(Not subject to old age)

s. sn^-sR#

**»-
is.
asaRft-ara#
iss
*v •

— .0:—
See foot-note on page 87.
 57 faSRT I <
fifcpn >
5K5
‘
^Nrr *
# ^ ^% 5 1 w ^ i

^tT 3to^

^RF3; ‘m^P 5I«3[: (Eastern)

5f. *m UT2 A m 2?:

S 5f. |^ *N
| 5fl4 i m2?:
ft
3.
511^
JTT^T

3TT%
Tfl^’Tt

3fmt
»
m^:

mn-m:
srm MW+^i nm:
?. 5?h: 5tnt: m^m;
7T.
‘

mH urct: m§
^ qflssj, m** ^m -
11

* « snw[ ’ T?W: re
5 5T^I: <5ftfe*— sr"!, sRfW, 3 ^,
3?^ fcKsft 5% tWCRTT I 1st *3 SRcR^ ^qtf5? ||
 iftf :
4 '
513^: (Western)

3. JR<ff mm qcq2f:

& sr- | StfqsST | mm

ft.
mm 3Rfta;

3. JK&^T skmj*4 q^rfjqj

*r. 5pft% q^qf q^Tr^Ti

'T. jrN: JFTWR

JEfta: s4%
*r. R&fa sf?qi

^ SF|, ST*Jci2?: II

^v9o . ^46KI'S: 3^ ‘3^’ 51®q: (Northern)

5T- 32:4 3 ^25 :

t S. 1 3s;4 1 3^:
ft. 3^ 32:4 3^RJ
33[Ht 32wrt 3^q:
qtq ‘
R^rq ’ 51^3 ,

w- q+KR: gftff:
‘
31^=^ ’
513^; (Following)

sr. 3R^ sft4 mm

I sr4 %mm
 T

ftsfa SFZJ: %'S

p>|f

ft.
stor sf^:

3. 3FJ5T 3F=RWF 3Fto:

%. sf^pt:
«T- 3T^? 3F^‘^t
T. 31^: 3v#r: 3T^f[,

H< 3P|# si#t: 3F^

5T55[:

(Going horizontally)
51- fto rto:
to. 1 ito. \ raA
rs C
| totf
ft. tol to:
3;- tol fto*rf to^i:
=3. to fMto fttof:
T. to: T^F^rr Rrqto:
to: tot: frFT^TO

*r. to? tot:

Si^KKt: jf%|•: ‘to^P 5P*?: (Bright)

5?. iqidi- &*(('*> foirat %rra:

\ to$ $ wzm I to*:
‘
*T=$/ 515^
7
 1

5T^TTRt: 3te^: ‘
$«?: (Sage)

3^
4f.
Wk I^T
£p

& ^TT

^ §*n 3^*TT
^ w>
3UT 3% m,

^ |lJ
v. 5WRHI: 3&Sf: *
5^ ,2
ST®?: (United with)
x*
3^; 5^r:
4\.
7 ^ ^ 1 53^:
S3 ^ $st.*

tw *
3^’ 31®^

W- 5WRHT: 2% ;
<

(Universal sovereign)

*• fWFc^ ftmra;
JK^nrmt ^jthi. tjicit.

^^ ‘ ’
^«JWrT ’JTcTf:
 jf^W 5KI:

4- 5J‘ | EpTO? 1 wzm | fsrw4:

A
15- nwm ftHT42
ftHRt ftsjTCRptf

=3. mmriTwrt
wzmi WJKV&tf
<r. wzm: nr^rat:
rararrafc wm$$
\W. W 9: jftjf:

(Having good
Ԥ71^
feet)
5T®?:

51. 3^ 3^ %
8TO
4. si- \mz isro
ft § n^
t
3^ 3TO
3- S'KT m&ti 3TOJ
% 3^ 3TO*b
t
T- 8W WI-&4
?. i^ :
31^
3. 8^ i'TRi
7^:
4

fi[71^, SWTT^

775RF3: 3f®f: ‘TO* ($ ) :

51. TJPB
 :

oo

4 I w

{**>• SF5RRI: 'iRf (|^:>

5T. l^T i^rs^n l^TJ

S u. 1 ;w* t WM! I 1^:
ft. f5T?^T l^ra:

*• i^ihi l^r^rt
3. i^ra CTppqf
T- i^ra:

*. im f^st:

S. i^rra-TOw, I^at: I^fS

<£t m&, W: II

^O. «!<!: gfcf: ‘

cfT^T^; » 51^: (Summer)

^fe: cftw°n sftakiw

 P^cf gfeff f^p? TOR

*r. ?>rit #nSNt $mpm

<T*§&Ki

«r*

a. #n#: <rteTpg

? ? . ^Ki^: 3^: ‘
3RF(> TO: (Horse)
A

3T. 3Wt 3T^T

sfa ‘^W.’ TOW. 11

JpPlTO: TO: (Having no horse)

‘WW TOW. II

3 ^ l

m®FV TO: (TOO

n. 5ROT ^W°TT sri^ft:

* 5T. | 5ROT5 I W4T°n

ft 5ROTITO ^pnt 5Ri^J

$ 3S&TT 3\I%W
% sRSfiptf 5rto^t:

<T- mw> f#^:

«r- m®'* miv
s-
 ti+RlR: :
‘
3 ^’
ST. 3JRT 3SFRT

tt 5 ssrj 33 FWT

«: 31% ‘
SRfJT > 51^: (Time)

5T. SFtfl SR^fr

5FT
4
^R ,

\<C%. j[<*»RRl: 3^: ^R^nT^* 5T5?:

(SustaiDer of the universe)

ST. wxmj
t JT.
| f^3RTj£ ftsRT?:

ft ft4te
<?.

% Iwrt
<r.

«?.
fcwit:
S.

33 I^IR,
 *

C^RFcT: jfsf: <f^:)

*
5T. 3^ ^J^TqT s*iw
R. | ^TRTTf.*
tf.
fN
IS. ^mm. 3WT1T a^Rnf**

OTR?Hlt amr5pT.*
IW^TT amr^r:
7.

q. 5^1* 5MT&: PHl^

H. <3<l*uft STRntt:

535RF5: 3^: 4
$5 513?: (One who milks)

Sf, £* W *C\

ss:

&
fs
3- Ip *sp
i?:. &*
*• w$
% sfc I^Tt f*wR
7.

<f. #
s. sft # m
^ ^ <1
 TOR: 533?:
(One who bears hatred)
sr. 3*-"35, P P
*r.
^SF^H>
< i
*pA
°
ip 3
ft.
SP .m vr*

S'
fwtf f^t
!*
<?.
m fwrt-v^jf, gwr:-|^Rjj
p pt: PH
s. 5ft ffr fTfSS
^
'O

^35, 5T5?T:

TOR: 3%: 3R^ ‘ ’ 5[^ (Ox) :

5f.
4
sn^rirf 3R^!$ 3R^TT|:
ssr. t. ^nr^H t I 3r^^ :

ft.

5- sRIU •
strife
*3.
3Rll 3R15^i:
<T. 3RlfJ 3Rf5?B
 '•
5T°^: (A door)

% 3i: 3RT 5R:

& si. |su |3RT 1 SR:

ft. SR* 3ft 3R:

f.
3RI 3i*ft nft:

3 . 3ft siftr SP*n

7 . SR: 3p4 3TPT?

i. 3R: 3ft: 3RT*

s. 3ft 3ft: 3T3

5,. *iWF3: ‘3rf^ !

515?: (Flame)

sfti: sftre:

ft ?r. 1 3?ft: 1i sftnr

ft. sd%* srrfti ~iftra:

3?f%T sifter:

=3. sftft asfMrc

sftrc: sftrft:
7.

3. sftra: sftft: sftm*

c sftft
• *
aftftt:

i. AFT 5TS€^fSft 1 5W W3 ^rs^ra.

 'wKl'd: 5T®?: (Companion)

R. SIR! ^Ri
t R. t mt ! R^RJ
ft. rirr; R1RT SIR!
3, kirt m*m w^h*.
% ffspil

R- R^pTT S^R!
R. SIR*:
3. SIRfc

{
CRiRR: 3fwr| > 315?:

(A kind of metre — jj^T)

R. 31'uj^ 3FR$ sM?:
t R. | SfalRi
"\ I sfrRf:

ft. sfarfr '$f®R?>!

sfan[I L1L Cl l* 1 BHHfiijSfci m^3 i -

% sfan? LUJ Cl IS l fyjgjHjpfcij Li'j ttm H

R. i
rri^ i Belli l\‘ i rr s/m

R. sforft: HlEiESdiU®
S. ^RfT: Ijfcfcj Liu )?, Mif~

II
ft$SW5. WR[ II
 ‘
:
,
51^: C
1^!^:)
$Vv sr.,

n.,
s. n., ft.
5T , ft.
m iftHt
mfk
5RJ%
*^S. ST ,
$. ST., ft.

5>V^- 51., $, 5i., ft. 3^* safHt ^T2?

WK. sr., tf. 51 ., ft- foaft ftrcfe
sfa jHU
^ xRjRI^ : (n^PWT:)

37., s. sr., ft. m ?n^r infe

!T., t ST., ft. 5 Tc^ 5^^ 5T3Tlr

3R^ 3T^2ft SFTfk

51.,

sr.,

sr.,
tf. 5f.,

s.
s.
sr.,

it-,
ft.

ft.

ft.
^
tft I

l^fTRT: ?T^T#fT: ‘^’ HHlV ^=

* 0 °. 5?., tf. 5f., ft. ^ ift

H., S. 5J., ft. ff-ffe gft

W. 51., S. !T., ft.

tft 3^.1
II ift H
 —

Id^M^lf^-Conjugations of Verbs.

II SRJJI5RI II

towrrt Rm W'7.* (Roots) afo

^ W#
|

'<IF!T: 3OT (Tenses and

Moods) TOfcr s 33 Wftfr,

(Tenses) ^3RJ SRtftftW! (Moods) | ^qj

wra:--Six Tenses
viz. one Present Tanse, 3 kinds of Past Tense
and 2 kinds of Future Tense
TENSES
Name Sanskrit English Example

1. 3Z
s Present

Past Tense, )
2. SFRERFJj!
| Imperfect 3

Past Tense, )
3. £5 W-
{ Aorist 3

Past Tense, )
4. fk spj?
Perfeet j

First 3
-5. gj *fRdl
Future S

A Second )
*52
Future )

* Besides the 10 cS^TTTs there is one more

 ’TrTTCJ — Four Moods
1 . ^IZ Imperative

2. ftft: Potential
q^
3. sn#% 3TI#. Benedictive

4. Conditional
5

3WW SIR T4S 8^5R*PTT?

(Personal Terminations) VR& I $5713* Spj; flfcr-
777g??7: Third Person used with etc.

*IWTg37: Seoond Person „

Z37g$7: First Person „
S57T°li 5R& sfrfoT TTHim rc^RT I

77> Singular

H[ eHH*< Dual
sfl W( Plural 7^77 3 1

'$57*^71 <£T ‘fas’ ^R* I T33T <7^7-

<
3TR?i%q^ # 1 77
; wm ^7^7 «na*r:

viz, This
used only in Vedas, and is hence
is

termed “The Vedic Subjunctive”. These technical names

are given in the following —
35
^ I
 *I3*H3WK

%*TO 3W# <K ^T#, % ‘W^R^r^^n

# m i

ft— <rwto to $%* ^m-sncwri ^ qhraft i

qq TO 3WFTFT (For another) fto TOq $f

qr^toj qq g 3TRqq: sqqMq (For Self) ^

tow # I m—M:
toi— tott^ mi to— , i

qt 3 ^ TOW <iFF4 1 TOq^,

=q ftfro q$*r% to: ii

%W\l ‘3ITOJW (Conjugational Tenses

•C
and Moods), ‘3^Wp>T: ,
(Non-Conjugational

Tenses and Moods) m^\', |

^
4'4i<: 1 31*% q^> snq

W1 I TOT3^1 UTORT ^ nft

(Itotoi: stot: tfqto% i m ft

sroqfa—^+st+ft i
(0 W
# toopros, (\) ‘ft* # 5f.qqfqq: h

toqnroi: ^fto: i %qf w®

*M T^% toq qfM: I . ^t ft—
 3^-
5^r:
ms & /tr
5 te'

sm: «nft:
( ^ 3T

®r
ft 4
ft 3*ft
t^: 31cfrft:
w —
— ft
^CldJlft:
a ^ft
=^: fcflft: ft? ft cftaft

WI: ^lft: 3 ft

31 ft
^5: as
flHH: ^Tf^: 3 ft ^ wfk ^
3TOT: 3 ft ^ ddlft dd,^

W: 3T ft ^ sftuilft

^W: 5? 3fq ft ^ %lft =%*ft

[f^
ftv?3 %^T ‘ ’
(& + *£ *• «• wkh f* the

augment), $qq ‘ *
(3R; + i. e. without the
sift: %%
augment % l) —
tJVJT ^T§: , <H?T: *lf±t<ST, *i(4W>!ft-

<*T^ qrat: ^ JT£% l’ j

tngj siftj, 9T?r: c?ror, c^q^ftctnft ‘t* f^wrf^r i

For detailed study refer to Book

dr4ipRi wmm it

(Personal Terminations)

$Z (qRWRTsb: Present Tense)

Jt. 3. ft 3: srfci % ft '^ft

3. 3. ft w «r s ft 'ft

3. 3. ft 3: m ? it
Imperfect (Past) Tense

n. 5, ^ 31*1; 3^ 3 3R
i, \ ^ 3 m:
3 . 5. snj; 3 3 5 3ft 3ft

(f33Rft: Imperative Mood.

si.
3 * 1 3t^ 3t?5 3^ |3p^
3 . 3. — ^ *3 ^
3 . 3. 3rrft sir aim 3 str| 3Tt 4
Potential Mood.

* 3* ft fti^ ft* ft ftrai^

3. 3* fc ft^ ft t^n: t^wn^
3- ft3; ft ft ft ftfl ftft
 8 .

SIWM: — (1st Conjugation)

£
'V to be) qT^TTRT

yOT^si: sot: ott:— s

\ 552 (3cPTFf$?:) Present Tense.

ai^cHd 4
iv

V. TOT tot TT^T

TT^T^'T: TOT tot
OT3^: toti tot: tot:

R. 553 (OTWR^IW.) Imperfect (Past) Tense.

S. 3OT* stott 3TTOT

IT. OT:
3. 3TTR 3HOT 3TTOT
^T2 (f^^ROT*^:) Imperative Mood.

5T. OTJ-THdl^ ? TOT T^F3

TT. TOTOT^J tot TROT

3. WR TOT TOT
s. (ft^TPT^R^:) Potential Mood*

3. TOT Ti%i:
TT. TOT TOT
3. vkk T#T OT
S—
 First Future Tense.

R. cR Second Future Tense.

uipi

^ (# HTf^H =ST fejpit

Conditional Mood.
srm€t 3$)

8t (Pas

> I
 m
aTRfi^ (an$fa*Ri:) Banedietive Mood.

5T.

U. ^fT:
3.
*
q^’ 3TTCW (to —3?Tr?HW
bow}

Hiq^npJi: !lMi WWS —

\ — Present Tense.

qF^ =n%T
*T.

3.
3*? — Imperfect (Past) Tense.

IT. 3iq^3 3rq^?qi^ 3T?T?^3

M
JT. WFZJW 33%!^ 2T?F^
6\
3.' srq*-^ •^FT-#
q. ^— Imperative Mood.

Xi
5T. ^ttw q%rc %

M q^q
6i
3. qpt q*5j^t
2. fqfqf^]5 — Potential Mood.

m
5T. q%i
Ji
*T. qF^nt
61
3. q% q%ft
 —

snwpJT: jfw;
\ — First Future Tenaa.

2. '3F5.3FC.’

H. #^fRn^i
3,

< ^ Second Future Tense.

% WfN«r%

3.
^K -Tm|
r

<$$-—Conditional Mood.
5f. 3F-fF2^ 3R^R
3. m%&mi snri^sn^ 3Rp3^qn
3. SRp^MblRf
». -Perfect (Past) Tense.

5f. q^[
*T.

3.
^K*r|
^ 9f--Aoriat (Past) Tense.
51.
sFrf^wi^ STTF^Ff
*T.
3I#3OTT^ srerH^ra
3. 3RKPf 3i#^ni
 s£ri'^*|G(*. (2nd Conjugation)

W%: ‘W? -
m.-. (To be)—'
*• •

Present- Tense.

5?. TO H: TO
q. m w.
Z. to *3:

\. SfF-Inijwfect (Past) Tense •

?T. 3WH
A
"MR-H
*. TO: to*( 3TTH
3. TO to
^tc-Inj per active Mood.

2. FTW
S. h
3. srtpt TOi TOT
-Potential Mood.

?. *Rr( ^<TFfr^
ff. to toh*. TO!
3. FTR HR HR
‘2RP
\ 9lof: |d^5 *i.’ ^ Wlt^T
 8th (Conjugation)

*ROTI^!:
— ‘
2* ’
(To do) ^T^t—q^qg^,.
?• —Present Tense.
3.
»y
1WJ 1#?
?. 1=5*4

3. m ffe
R* 5J3- — Imperfect (Past) Tease.
S. 3PRtc[
I?.
W: 3Tf^
A
3. 3If? 3T1?
3. ste—Imperative Mood.
S.
I?7?
?.

3.
$$ fWf^.
otiPt
l<?d^ w
A ^
— Potential Mood.
s.
ii?
1?t: i?fera[ l?rd
. c
$?T? wm
32 — First Future Tense.
**
ST.
A —
4FIKT 'h’lft*
?. 4*fer:
A $?TF4
3.
 Second Future Tense.

s. n.Rwrfa

JT.

3.
^JT^TT'T* *mw
— Conditional Mood.

5t.

^(Rura^

3.
3l’+KWW s^R^m
c. H— -Perfect (Past) Tense.

sr.
^3:
^v*T

^R-^,
-Aorist (Past) Tense.
A

sr. sr^HT^ -<*m

(\

3F$Tg
*T. SFfTPTT:

3i+;m 3f^r4
9

9o. — Benedictive Mood.

flprc©
5T.

f^RTIJ fSFTO^ Tsp^Rd

H.

T^TRH{ fSRTO
3.
 —
•

sjRft : s?R^i?mk
?• 5Z — Present Tense.

5T.

*T. W* mk
3. # mk §*t
R- 555“ —Imperfect (Past) Tense.
Sf. 3TfW sifsmrcc SfftRf

Jf. ?mw> Sffqr^

3# 3f#i -mm
^fZ —Imperative Mood.
5f. WML f#TT^ ffenq;
*1.

^TRTRlI ^TITlt
2. fwf^tss
•v
— Potential Mood.

5f. #3 gpihikliq
*?. #*it: f#n«rr^
%
mk i^rf#
'a. gz — First Future Tense,
c*\
51. ^TT 3RTKT ^k: •

3. <isiRn%
3.
 — £ — ^

—V { oices)

iprfti ^TnT: Active Voice.

(^) ^nrfor THTT1!: Passive Voioe.
(3) *T!% Impersonal Voioe.
?• «fidR sprftT:

spTPt iTw f ^vferr^r^

$m^r i yra: wf ;
Tfmsi nt ^r
w
i »

<
‘
*if ' I

^RqqpTTs^ ra^vr: mfai, m*kt,

mM.t
c

j
w
^PTR: |

3R>fe flOTB: l|—

W—
wfe—^4 T%SRf,
3

3.
. ^4p:-^Ttw: itt ?p: fort
*T5$fo:— ft: gs *rr q^fcr
sror^i

^ I

11
|

3. qnrfor jp^t:

_
». $gf®r 5rtt=t s^trropi: <r^ gcfY^ri ’sWroti. sptoi^
g^if^ ? ^
^ ¥r^r :
1
|

‘ ‘
«faT&r =ot: ifTTlSs^ ’
5fff, ‘
jfl: ’
%k ffcl 5SSn* ||

*f|*W -n?cr:

5?-jfI=(-q^n^fq-gf^ g .f%-3-.5nq.f^:^ gt^g ,

*»R3>f«ri ct^n wiff. (gftgsf)

Note :-— The termination g is added to the root to form
Passive Voice e. g. ***{• ITJ ^, ,
T.- etc.
 „

m •

R. 5PTt*t 3
wm mv^i wf srairofareiH*
^
1
i

— &?i ‘S***
T4i ‘f^rc
w gs:
’ sraw *5
3.
#
yji% JPTt^i:
n

?
^
tftm
^i% «rqin
rw%:
W * Vfa m
l
$*iw sr^i
T4i-^ to*
^H
^ 4 *

*4 5
3?T^TTft

9
^{7 n^T: (TO^:)
ith^t: 3it •{'<# mytt
^^ :
IT:

nt* VF®
T^ Rl^p™
.

?, rft: g*5
3 . 3(t ^rt ^ TO ^
tf . v3 flf *TRH ?TO ^
e^foT wT:
(%fifo:)

V ^RCl gfr &PT T^|

5 . ?r: £ft <R 3 ^
*T 1 ^
fiTO
sj^PIr

^
vs.

^ -a

^°. «TKSi: spfe^T

1.^ s*fa pn%: sraft rftfWl,

SW«3*^*^ ^
sron «n^ &: n ( d ?40
<

y a >„ T T
...
11

2 WT% SRitn S&T

 ——

s>
;* y

The various voices are aptly illustrated ia

the following slokas :

3
*iqt

TTiT^t W n
-TRT
<RStoniW
^f+v^XCf *^Rf
x
i|

i
I il
i

flares ns it

7
^cn vi f| gft?$R!$ *TF-:RT I

^nwfir <friHr rtr-T^ || 3 ,j

"storrafa i

5f3^nk 3% ^mVplRrl )! 4 I',

10
pTRi^n: q^it% ft ¥R5 I

u
h afrnsfon 55
The Corresponding voices
,2
^RP5t vft’-T'f
ic i
;i 5
•
%
the above Sloki ..>
•

are
•
it
v«

mentioned here under :

?.. *wt fruarer - ov&FS SI#!

2. =CWr iJiire?«TqT5*!f<t. - Z8X
8. W^'sO 3'5Tjftq[ 7?«|'fiiTrftsT5Trl. - ^£f< 5t#I
4. kt^jt gfter: ^q-ifsRn - V%vfo H«iliT

5. W*% »^Rt - 5(WT

6. fwreifo f^rvJTiHi: sifter-. - flews WWt Jpfrl

7. ?r % gftsrcr) -
«Sft sqtn
8. (gerrmft qmn) - ?n&fo '-raR sfljfa

9. sftiTWft «*rf|wj; .... vj_^fnn^T -

srafr
10. 3<i?Mfi*T: %vet -
*6m«i rwft
w
jTfl.

11. gt =r sfrm ••
«ret
12. »rcft ftg: sfcra aqfa
 ^

*rk
3T3 S#
fa Uflft

q wi?r
3 TOST<J*
5 5f

^
—
wm ^
^= +
I

4
? ’

'S^
tnfr-

T4 I ‘'F# >
|

^^ + ^ +^= ‘
^ II

5T-?R^nat ^Tlf^ vnr^t ^jr, ^ffl,

=g ^qrfoT visu^^i’
WI W{ *TT *rft ^
3^ mz <nrcft

srm *
3H 5

ft
?Hl«lkl

TI W
jfpftt

$sprra

$ wti
sp^t ft 3#
TFT^ ^r
*TI ^Tl^fcl Wl ft# A

ft **Hft ^T#
fo sftfa #3
ZJ 5jrf^ ftFJ%
 qfar ft*
'
3444 i w— • 4574*4
3PM 3415
?
^W4: '
41^4: ’

4^44 I 3R4 ^4FF4 4

tftn » eft *foc i 144 :

42? | T4T—
f^rfer ^4i?FT4T^^^%44: I

wmsft ftsfe: 4444T: q^frpr: u

(V wRb (*) ^#TJ (3) CTgH M Ifll fa

(V) 54314314: (H) JPTHfftr:— efi ||

?• ¥?3T4:
(Formation of words from roots with primary
affixes)

Wfxw: 4Tgvft fcfnn% i sm 4tw^:

S4 4153 $?Sc54Rt 4fa%4 !*R«ir; I

WRUTTC *R4T3Pj; WPTPNTftjI I

^4re4ft 4T '^R m 4T4 5r45I*4^ II

44^ft *ft 4451: | ftrcft |ft j

fpft 3Ffr eft I 7^ |ft *f[^ I

* 1% is the general term for any group formation

in Sanskrit requiring explanation.
 — : 1 ) I

R- tfferaft:

(Formation of derivative bases from riouna by

Secondary affixes)

w
mw « Mt^rt
*T
i w—
«fk^t •#
?Wf

R4oT:
^T'

% ^PTT^ RF3 wp#; 1

ll%: STCSlTft 3RRT:=*T!3<fl

3T$%: 2^1 H 3RW:=3TT^qi: (3TT%tt ;

)

3nr^n% 3%fl:=£%?T: (%2fT:

3HR;=?RRf^:

?RFF^npf%: W\ >W%rT
g^RTT: (Deaideratives) Examples :—

IM Id I I

i fn-^T#^r=Rfm?r \

gnTt,-3U il(M^gfd
,
=tw l i m w i

2. fe^T: (CausalB) Examples :—

^ | *T^ — ipRfrT 1
$ —
^ I — dlddfd I |
 i
l 1

(Pr6qu0ntativ6s)

(In this the termination ?s added and the

root takes 3TTc3^q^ terminations oniy)

v —
<rfa— 3TRTWT f7m = 1

ft—
39[ — J
3TTri -tl^«1 icM fa = II

(Frequentatives)

(In this ifa the termination ^ is dropped and the

root takes qt^q^ terminations only)

f&vm m sr$: ii

5- (Denominatives)

S^PH: aA: Wl^lfll

** : ^RT = ^TFqfg[ |

mmi \\
3. w«r-(?) TO * jsbpft j

^t: sik'H; - ^Wik \\

(V TO ^ *1^ = 3#?^ j

^r srrarft = r#r^% i

I? 3IR# --
jrffiHftaft 15

3.. - is: ^ 3<r3#= fg& S

TO;— fewr
W
*»• fen S* '4T^Ff= i

5* 3TTTO% - $WIP1% (

T%i 3TN# s f5j|R^|J

M. wvi— Artier: ^ft=st%Tm stffejpft I

*K: =vkito i

?w, TOft, *r^#, n

?% 5rr^i?ri^: i 3i^ ^ wmi x%m i(

otpttc stot farfr m ^rtht i

*nar =* fair =^=M i *RRFfr =? inRRawnc^ 1

ft%T ^ I ?tt =* a !

f^RT ^ li

8-9
 7

yHl?T3^r: —Compounds
(Formation of a compound word by the?
Composition of several words)

mmt #tfj; 33: !

^ fs^T II

mi ^ %TnTTRd fzsn n

3?5tsfqf fgfait ir^rtseWflRt HffT I

5^: 'U^rtrt sjtopt II

1. xmi—wzm: 8

2. mm: 7

3. qssftft —
*m\m
i fig wmi — -ftfat 2

5. 575 wmt— fifasn 2

6. ^rmgj— ftjta 2

f^m — 1

S°R *WRT: — ar^ WIF:

f^I — 3T^? F^fTF:
 ) ^

l.

7 Kinds according to fs?¥f% and the gth

(Negative
^ cTcg^<T:

T4^riRK^r%^f|irf: i

3^R^R?rmf qfetj ra: II

f\
'
a •
‘
^r: <r

'ZRl II

'3^R: |

gmtit wtm rt sra: i

3wm sp'pr^ ii

5:^ I f^3:=^rf«Rf: I

3- c^fan

m Jirafe 5 i

^TRt «P|f l|

1.WRn^tt^TfJT^T ‘ fsrn^iWH. ’ (Analysis of a

Compound into its Component parts) t?n l e.g. 3TR:
Wl is the of the sure ‘
3mWi: *
I
 s{^:-F.Wi^:: J7RH

m §^-=f^i%JT-.
i

| q[^f ^;=^»5|:
\

!|

tf. ^ff ?Pf?r:

# 5;% 3 t,&&: 1

p: !i

T
5#:=^^5: I
•
T% ^_=?TT^!^ i

^ | f^s^iq 5)’5(T3^ j

'a. T^jfr <r^?:

^ %WT 9FT ^nsPTRT^^fJ i

^T^T 3R: 3TCR RTO $HR[ |!

%IC ^==%Wi, I
5zpn^ jffe:=5Jnspft?r:

§<3T5, 37^T:=§^TO:

'HJT <K35V
srfsR* 1

T^j^iTrm^T *rwr ii

m- S^':=^Rpq ; I ^qf i

fS?R W=^W I ^Rf ^:=%J5f?fi: I!

^JRftTO 1 *Fre: I

^ sm 4W* $$ 11
 1 s

\\\

®n^ | sn% I

<J
* ^ <R^t:
*? sf?r:=3I®$: i ^ 3RJ:=3PP5: | 3 ^3H:r^vs3jr; j

*.
f® ^1=^5 :
s? ^==3 ^ j

2 . wtfwtto—
(Appositional Compounds)
(Members of seWpt wrar have the same Case when
dissolved)

n?^lnO-Tl^J^ -dSd sn^TPTfftfci \\

feim ,
*jrc^ m^ 7
Rwi ^
TR«t^T=Cf ^FTOTTCOTT ^ II

? . fr3w$<r? serifs:

^Rrfr^T^rTi^T d*Rrprft 11

^aj=3?^n^; I

*rft^T ^ cTlf^I tRT% ^=^R^RffH II

XX*

R. qjqqRq?

snftpr q*q *mw;vi ^ fft jrVtf i

x%^m\ fsr ^rt ^q q% n

iT^aj ^ sq?T^r«l=JT^H^T: |

3* fq^qufoprq^ wrRq:
W
q^rfq^^fit^:
3R ^qtcor^q f| |

srntHqqq sr: ii

STRTTftT ct sigf^HTaj = ^IcTigfearf: I

*TRq q q=
3^u’[
|

ftfecT q cT^ qfq^ q = ftsjqqq II

V. ^qqRH^MT SR&TRq:
^iftsq s^qur: Rfq: qr%^.* I

3^T sqRT fq = 2^qf5T: |

^sRT fq = qjftfSRT: |

*TSRT: |q = q^RTfo; ||

H. sqqrc q^q^ qRRRq:

^I^rfw^T qiRr qr qroft i

^RRft q^T 3RT^ RI sROTftf RR*^ II

 iRTl 5?

c5^rr f=r I SRT 33 I

dMid>$$jkfa3.* flidt fd^rrfd: I

*FW! *w>tf£st ^sppfrwi il

9WT3T 13JT:
“ cWl^^lT: I

qid:
= f^sflRct:
fq^q 1/

JR fft q%T = I

wfrfjM ^TI^T II

r4Wi 03 ?t{%^ = I

3^: 03 RlB = I

q*33T 03 = ^q^?: I

jrttB 03 3%: = 35rafid: II

»P *01 III

PTJ1

I
<r^ri
as* n

srjpfrfe sn^r ^i^r^it $$FHP:m s

m: i?R‘: ^i S: = ^PffR: (j)

*TR: m W “ ^PtRT (tf)

W: *K: (nj)

^tsfq %^n: *{ gr* feypr

^RT ZvTgW ^T’T u

1. 5fF9T: 3T&: ^: = ^Wrfjf: I

2. 5-T5; »*I: = 3/RSJT: |

3. qsg: S: = ^gqg: |

4. 3331: vRT: *IRi^ *T: = 35SKR: |

5. 4kT: 3^1: ^3 ?fl: = ‘ffr'TW; I

6. *f53x ®I® -*IR H: = *^f=f55; |

R.

TT3
,
^ crpTT^:
r\ r\

WT 5RTTO f^TS^[ R^^il^stcr

 !

n*

3?*^ ^ *T: = *MldM< : !

ftsfc 8*5: *W: ST = fqsq^c^qqfT II

3. ?N4!«n^
tpi* fsS-TFnf^n a&
qaro *n*n: fwife; sng^ it

gt ^T qql ?
-fT= fg^T:
q^ eiz qr = q^rr:
‘

^T

a. srssftft:

strott: $8f ^r ^r wn i

f3F<s*r%$*TI fFF II

S^THt % sfcl ^ = 3qW: I

qqqg^iHl sqft ^ sfor s = sq+Ksri: u

h. ^tft**

wm' H5SRTRI: H^F 3ffa qT^n: t

iTifi ^55rrr it

q*?rft: Sf ffs = I

*RTR: W q§^ # = I

^ (S^:) II
 5. 3?ft)ft ;

«3^tt« f^rfecrcias gr = gg ^4 I

3flww g^n*r ft^itercrs ?n = ^f%ap^T n

^ll+rt^R^Tg; ^m\ =3 II

qj|^raj Jjsterr ft gt qgt = qi^ft I

gfef^rsj gfefts? qf^ ft gs qit = ggtgfe |

'%% %trg gCt^r ft gt qgt = %5n%f% i

4. fig sumr:— ftfc*: #

^
=^TO^r%^^:ittrt rt^r fi^j: i

wir^t iRH^M-twift g^tft: u

*. 'OTrAV-ft ft5:
T^R^T *m ^ ft ftg% I

xR 'T^Tt sr: %*ft ||

q^RT qZRT *RTCTC: = q^t |

’PPlt #RHT OTIfR: = ft^r^r 1

q^RT IRT ?mrfR: = q^RR |

 ^

- flcgt

mfa i 5^i I

f$& mm\ to:

mf^rsft
qnuft inaoTi^
sift^T

3*^1 3
pi ST^
^= WI 9
^
*: I
ii

f| II

flH =q R = *rafa: II

5. SrSSHH:—fwH
(‘^> 3??.: — 55^;)

scraps FTwmtJ i

S f| 3?d to iw #T^ HRf^l II

^Aa^IlPTl hh!$hi§M^4T I

q^rf qfton H
5T*qi

1. $. f^q^cF^T^I
qqffe^ h^t imm l

ttwto: ^ ii

#*j53 ^qorar = ^riw I *$«*

 R. 3?33

viferaHftiw "i &mt w

^Pft ^ ^r«f 3JFS3? = SiKI^cTOT: I

^*3 s$83 e.W %£&j = !i

2, \. ‘yf^mK SFZl
50^-4 T. *?T ^ ?T^I I

WW w^i ft qpfift «WRf H

=£f 3C3T =q g% ^R:=?n-am^
; I

^ 5:$ =3 9%: «RTfR: = I

3FE =*f =5f cTCi: *Wi£R: =

R. WfR 373-J

S^RJ^liqj? ^TW iT
3[' R
w ^r:
I

^ri 'm?> li

SIT =q ?5qs3 q^pj ^T WCR: = I

wm C^I =5 m ^TT WI1SK: = affa^IW >

6. spn^rmre ^PTRi:—
to r-H'?^ qr5«-q ^
qrat ftftR ^ 3fR i

#; q^Fitsfq ^ ^ p*r:
 !

K* nm
^ w^rof^n^nj;
^mts^ to HWiM II

^5^fn=5R^ 5lf^/^efF2T^sn5jRh !

=H^3 = ®fft«n^ i ^R^f: rrI' = |

^HR, TO?:=frTO ! *T£H( R2R: =

TO^t to toft * I

^TOWs^Ri $*? ?TOR H Jfiji il

^TR &*:=q«Wft I 5TITO ^T:=^rTO I

In this compound the case 8ndings of the

w ords (that it contains) are dropped.
E. ffcrfr f%ffi:=:fWffS<q: Here the fgifcn ra^flfi (of fwr)

is dropped.
Mostly ai! compounds will be

In this compound the caae endings are not

dropped. This variety may be seen rarely in all

compounds.
 ?°3^F5: ^ ^:=^j°3^iT5: (=T^^tf^:)

5ig^T 3M: =3^p>5r: (d?JR:)

ff^ ^isrfd |% (3^rT^ ^ptr:)

3R: =^rtl5f%: (d?JR:)

3lhld: =^Pd^Kl<ld: (^3^0

RR ^trt^t:

In this compound the f%n^ ^ispr cannot be given b>

using the words actually compounded.
Ex. =ET%r gf5r : =^?«Rr<T: |
The word should
not be used in ^repr i The meaning of sfifJT is

expressed by i

This variety is very rarely seen.

3TFM MR:
In this variety the words compounded can be
also used separately.

Ex; *r*[: i Here the two words *t*T and.

3^* in compound can be used in fesffin cfff also.
 —

an^n^JT-Analysis
qg- JT?J cU, §3^ 3F33fHTq (Prose order'

m\ — wife i

mz: vmi ^ qi^q#*m ii

JFT55?5T^:)

The Analysis of the above Sloka is as follows ;

cF3; - - ^: ? 3TT^T^fT
‘
3T|q;?
‘
3T£ ^
4 3Tm^r ‘

‘ 3ii q HdN#a(t ^ ^3:

qTq^rcWr ? ^rf
‘
*PRT: fq^ » sfo 3^
3*: Wl *$ ?

‘
qFT^fe S3*fit » # •3^
f^»q^? f^nmRiiT^T^T ‘qmqftq^ #’ wj,
1
cfFratfqq 5PT?f: fq^Rt, q&fta#^

^teq^ q^,’ «g«( :

3pqq; I

The following is a rare specimen Sloka giving.

Examples in all pprfas with feqtTJT and faqtef—

TO %?q =^K wp;:

^W *TR*TT

TOT f^TClt SiTOT

‘i II
 ’ »»

An Example for the sn^I^rt of a sentesoe (r.g) js

thus :—
‘
*m: wj srm: ^
# mi# ;
44# » # \ m-^Rh #
w I
3=# 1
mi :
fRt i
# *
wit vwitrm »

4. ‘4^’ (#, 44^, r#r_) # *ra:

cm s^# i w-4*#q ^ 4i#

*m: ‘
$ ’
sniRr ? fra to \ *
kmc
fra I
# 4
rifi
<
’

f .
4
$'4^: »
to »
f ra

3*1451^1 ’
I 441-4$^ ^4 41# '4# ^
44: ? f ra sn44f$r i

*
^raqrq m: i>& fra I

«. ‘4#^’ f# TO ‘4JTOtW4
TOI^T ’ 44T-4%4T^ TW ‘
’
%m
44T4? fT4 3TT4n^(T I ffefTTq

\\m
‘4^’ ‘14’
‘
4144##^’ W 44# S# 34^ '14:' fr4T#TO:
I

H, *4?4q/
f4? 4iN^i w4 wxm
^
i w-ifewq *w
4i44#Rr ferc ‘ * 44# ? f# to: l #
Rptfi^qoRq’ 34445^4 344 I 44?
4I4#4f4q.f^t '4# 414:’ 44# f# I

(Adopted from «*iwji tr^Rutl Book)

 SF’FT — Indeclinables,

T{Rt
3n% Sift ‘
^qqift * 1^*1$ I

(3Tsto is a word which has no Gender, Casa

or Number and which undergoes no change.)

=s— trsj m ft#s ^ I

^ -3% c%R II — |ft I

\. arsTOf trreTOT st: ^fccqsqqcifa %<i: i

*rs!ir— srqro^ (Near town), srfef^rq; (In the tree)

4Twftn*rn (In the middle of the way) etc.

H- Adjectives will beoome arsro when used

as Adverbs. *r?7r— ‘
jtwji’ fcTO ijr^c srs^t
fMt'wq: (Adjective) i *? <*sr
4
TOgrer ’

f^mfsR^TOTJ^ (Adverb) i Henoe in the second

sentence ia l

V ^rfHf^^sqqrfw i

*ror— TO: a salutation, *qf$-=r hail,

setting,

^3T5T food offered to Gods, ^srar food offered to

or Manes- happiness eto.

1 .
4 ’ — 'TTfaftcpn (I

crafg&ms^ feftWdd fenr?^rc%- s^«5jif4%

Orn: II

s— 10
 —

that exists, frrfer that does not exist, a*fcn I,

3?TS said, srrer there was, happened, 11

dl-Sdl^TTR y s3T -flf^

3 5

(1) crfa^cTrft (Having the sense of the

Ablative case) nr^cT: from the mother, fttjrT: from

the father, from the beginning, Frar?T: from
the middle, ?gr?r: from the Voice.

(2) sic^rnfjt (By adding the termination srjJ

is affixed in the sense of *

equally with ' or
* like '
equally with that ;
etc.

(3) (By adding the termination ?r? 3;)

3T5q^r: little by little, 3f3T: mostly, ’sms?!: bit by

bit I

%d»-diw
—
The Indeolinable Past Participles—
(1) TRRfrift— having gone. having
done. having seen eto.

(2)
— *1 is added instead of c^r to roots-
with prepositions — having gone out,
having refined, having interviewed eto.

(3) ggsrenfSr — The Infinitive of purpose,

sjvg to go, to do, to see etc.
 —

3TSwreR0T^ {uv»

vs. (These ar^s are derived

from QvKIRERp)
5P^: —3 ^T when, ar=T where 33T as, 33: whence,
since, because.

35:—cr^T or 3?l 3tn theD, at that time, 55 there, 351

3 f| then, therefore.
— ^TJrtq. now, 2T5 lie re, 5555 thus, am: hence.
^ctf|
' now, 53 here, ^35 thus, 33: hence,
therefore.

f%n — *B?T when ? fET or ar where ? how ? why ?

whence ?

3$ — trifcr or always, everywhere, in all places

by all means, *T$cT : everywhere, on all sides.
3 T«r — in other times, elsewhere, in another
place, otherwise in a different manner, 3RTCT;
from elsewhere.
once, once upon a time, t^F^ in one place,
t^cf; from one place.
tbere * n tbe DCXt world, argcT: from that place
or person.

1. The following words resembling are often

used as ars^rqn in the resepctive meanings as given
below :

3 PWT q*jft Meaning

because
35— — — hence
— — in ancient days
<TC—g?;;f in the next world# in another place, further

or beyond.

spflr — in another place, sto^TT in another manner,

ar^: from another place.

in the preceeding part, previously, ^cf: from

the previous placef in front of,

—OTTO in both places, in both ways,

from both sides.

subsequently, from the north, arfal to

the north.

from the south, to the south*

<S. 3T-Wft
once, fe.
twice, ft: thrice, =^ : four times,

five times, six times, etc,

t^t in one way fg[*n or gqr in two ways, ft*n or in

three ways, ^3*1? in four ways, wqr in five ways,

q^tT or qtst in six ways, SH*TT, 31OTT, WT, qsrat etc.

tj55T; one by one. fg^T: two by two, by twos, ftsn T^ST:,

W: 5RT5T: ttftWT: etc.

- #By adding f>cq: to any number, other than 1 to 4

similar multiples are formed. * qrt ’ also may be added

to numbers to form similar multiples aa tJWPJ,
WRU, etc.
 9 »<?

to-day previous day

srar?% now-a-days spito: the other or following

ssn at dawn day
*$: to-morrow ar^TcT^g: on one of the two
days
TOT: day-after-to-morrow
«ET: yesterday on another day
just now
3Tlfo: on the following day
on the following day
° D b ° th day!>
*T5T: at once JS|: }

x }
- erect last
during this year

year
g?r in olden days TOft the year before the last

3IPTTR 315^1 ft

suddenly, all at ^nr well

once. arsraq; constantly

"] Not long «raKTT correctly, justly

I since,
3Rffa exceedingly
'

recently,
then,
quickly
) afterwards
erir before 9^T what else, yes
 or, rather anfw: openly, before the

3T5T truely, certainly eyes

ap*: ~i below, anq yes

arwni. } down en^St on the whole
arforq incessantly ?

3T^T; in, into 3ct V or

ap^cT: at last, from the end serrgt )

except, without
thus, in this manner

5f?T5 In conformity to
ap^ra > moreover,
tradition
srit^ > besides
sq like, as
atfil even
slightly
BTfiTcT: near, close by
3’%: loudly
apfl*srq frequently
then
arq quickly, little

arm together with, over

in company with
apq quickly sqfg secretly, in private

before sqi early in the morning 9

ajqfcj;

sp?q enough of, sufficient

at dawn
for truly

«TCpiq necessarily ^ without, except

»*«£<{ repeatedly at once, suddenly

day and night just, quite

«r*PT at once thus, so

«rnra near, at a distance arfa so be it, yes

 *1
I trust, hope
|
fin some place
) with great
j difficulty
f5T^T
J
how indeed, certainly, surely

^ how possibly

\
once
=5

f?3
and

.
|
particles,

} f% and its
added to

to one’s satisfaction
derivatives
what a pity
e.g.,
tffcsr moreover, again
Meaning • a certain.
*)
t0 a certain
dc «ree , littlc ’ 1
r - £
) some what fstfvT I

but, yet, however f%U*T ^-for a long time

nevertheless fkm I

*f %?3 what indeed, whether J

how much more ftetraw for a period of
fWT or many nights.
what, how %if
{%c5 verily, indeed 3113 perhaps
fog what ihen, how much silently

more
enough, no more of Bftfir V quickly, at once

only, merely J
simply gqi * so
 W o

<WrftT even then, still very much

<wr % as for instance fiTcTr^cT*! excessively
ct»T? even so, just so ?fr%: low, below, gently
a^g then JjfTH certainly

cTCHT forcibly
if not
arag so much IS; }
fat: ")
crookedly
but
fcW? ) across q ^3 ]
3

3 but
*rftcT: aroued
silently
to one’s satisfaction,
firar by day
sufficiently
f^«Tr fortunately
cpJic^ behind, backwards.,
5*5 ill, in a bad manner at last
deeply
5*T: again
afar at night
S^Tigjf: again and again*
5TJ> quickly, forthwith

what a pity in front

fejj
3^
jfj* \
T<t 3

surely, certainly
individually
by night
SPEW* exceedingly
a not
on the contrary
JTg indeed, surely
5W$I forcibly
never
5TI^ before, at first
* f| not at all
5JTcT: in the morning
in various ways
•TRTT

«n*f by name, indeed

stt 16
^ crookedly
%

&WT near, close by S, raostl > ,

}
w&n l
forcibly, 5PT: gently, slowly
JRrat j powerfully always
*fij: out, beside

H?: exceedingly St }
alwa >,s

JjRTq; greatly *rrf^ at once

quickly *PTH equally
*RI^ a little ?nRTfT: on all sides
RT > . ?nrcrT at a fixed time
0 " 01
<n« r -
except
}
*rrf%*n without delay well, properly
fa*T: ) to each other,
well, in a good man-
3 secretly together with
ors [ner
fit«rr wrongly
at once
S^TI to no purpose
year
often
5f: with
W falsely
' Slfr crookedly, in a side-
^if long manner
as much as, till
HTWH with
gtrcrtl. simultaneously
in a person
*n or
STfir haif
f^n without
RTcsicTr^ now, fitly

fxn high up in the WH* in the evening

sky well
f*TT in vain rightly
t verily, to be sure oneself
 heaven 51 ho
ho, hallo % because, indeed
alas without, except.

itR^+klt-Glossary
This follows 51*^ order :

1 . God *RT? husband

Vishnu speaker

ftra: Siva RHT grand-son

$X: Siva >». STcTT brother

Sun sTIRlcd son-in-law

poet husband’s brother

gfw: sage •Tt man charioteer

fafa: fate •U. RI3T a garland

Lord Vishnu dfal Sita

SSTOT patience
5TOj: Siva
33(1 shame
Vishnu
at*arr, atsi,
’ >
WJ3: Sun ’
£ mother
arar )
33= son
V<. gfa: hearing,
•
5. w the creator 5f%: taste
^rf doer
ffo intelligence
 «fW— 1
V* knowledge

fWft speech, *roa*ft forest

g^t female friend vrjj wealth

godess ^5. eye

53ff doer *.%. a#t bone
<n?ft giver srfsF*T thigh

the godess of ar% eye

wealth V». awft having no
gfl: boat beginning
?n=5ft: lute. §*f*T fragrant

iv. shame »txg water

»ft : intellect tear
3*sr

fear
*ft:
^5 thing, real thing

*1$. «rg: the body ^T5 timber

55: arrow $?£ that which does or

t^sj: rope, cord makes
^f: beak ii^T that which goes
*)*. army that which speaks

mother-in-law X*>. *25 soft

broad, wide
V. 8; eye-brow <jg

lovely woman q§ clever

555 short
=t«. inert husband’s
XI. cloud
Brother's wife
eloquent
5^31 daughter
«H T ^ l husband's sister X*.
physician
m
fire
doing
sacrifiicial priest willing to do
$3. ?rar^ a paramount telling
soveriegn
willing to tell
>?%T^ ascetic
the creator of
5 %^ intelligent

*FRrH; rich
the Universe
f'd'ti'l he who has done
Hiking
*T»nrtr(. divine
3&!vT. one who does
as much as
any business
cIWR; so much
^T^ra: name of a
how much
particular sacrifice
of this extent
soma distiller

^ giving
f^f^God
Indra

c^rt. holding
well-versed
fearing
in Sastras
sR-fit, eating
cfiftjcC. the Sun
stmn: watching

5TTfnt. ruling \V the head

shining cTSTI carpenter
being poor gHTfir auspicious named
IV going *Tf|m greatness
willing to go >ftfT fat

5^ taking away 3tfi*PTT minuteness 1

5f<M< willing to take nftrn greatness

away thinness
 priest
v«. jtot the Creator 3d*n a
heavier
one who performs V. rrfrTH,

sacrifices pnfpTR greater

§qqf God <0. «f5RRone who
ar^l way has said

vv. n^TT: churning one who has

handle approached

soft; good natured one who has sat

•*H.

wft wealthy man one who has

the Moon stood

V». trjj of this kind \* g*3,tree

.

of my type tree

<?T?^ of your type W skin, bark

31^!^ of our type ^ lustre

of your type V». Sffct. green

*T3T?l> of your 3 ^3 .
lightning

honour’s type Hi. swr3 prosperity

.

he who has 33*13 adversity

seen the truth *33 earth .

vi. one who HV 53. war, battle

steals jewels holy stick

one whose ^53 creeping plant

lustre is white one who knows

•*H. =5T^TT: the Moon the secret

SJWI: the good- 3WT rope, garland

•

minded yoke
tv
ij: town, a city '•%. being

%%. {^name of a playing

river in Punjab, stealing

cow called Be as desiring to do

desiring for child
f&5 l“ stre
v»«,. lustre, a house
TOTt. shining
after the sky
JTcirpt one who went
gears, extracting
I* gold
co. igtf happiness
stretching

preventing
armour
%$ir house
E^jTft buying
house
3f^t. eating |

W* 8 reat <^. fSTOt happy

a drop of water cTTrcft orator

'it. sacrificing ^»#t one having

stick
3TTH5 ruling

sr^ eating CV. of this kind

=5rars?C, shining [poor f?«[j of this kind

one becoming i&Tjj of what kind ?

srrat* being awake «V one stealing:

asking jewels
T5®^
jjatt. releasing c\. eftT: penance
JTRt going JT5T: fame, glory
shining rrftiT: heavier
one who will do !

^T: good
 c'*. 9ft: clarified butter, VVv fty tt: protector of the-

ghee world

33Tt% :
light, lustre IV. wise

light pure-minded

a. sng life §«ft: fortunate

:

eye leader, guide

qjg: the sft:

bow <jV. £W*ft: the chief of a

93:
body village
*13:

4*,. jrf^TCC. that which has 15®. one having.

stood many good wives
that which has 1 SV 39^: widow remarried
said ^ 55^: cleaner
that which has "\%v. self-born
approached
TOf situated beyond
lotus adverse
<, 1 . one of the two arsrr^ stooping

IV.
q^tir one of

)one not
many
^ going down- wards
companion
%
%Tt : 3
getting old
V*. fgqra, having two legs-

IV. <TK foot sqnwitl. tiger-footed

^
!

IV. tooth i qgi ar^m the Sun

V^. *TW month <K$. the killer of a.

IV. one who quaffs Brahmin

the Soma juice aTTcJTp one who kills-

AIJMI: conch blower his own soul

 I

VS. pw^fire VS- western

bearer of
1V». 3^ following
burden
IV. northern
lee. 3^
ftpg
one who burns

one who anoints

W going away

V®. 3^> that which milks

35-3 one who swoons *°1. 3^-3 that which bears

one who vomits malice
one who loves
that which has

1W ^
31 eastern a fine bull

II ||

II SR W I ||
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