SAN BEDA COLLEGE OF LAW Aquino, pp.

25-26
Alabang, Muntinlupa III. NEGLIGENCE
TORTS AND DAMAGES A. Concept of Negligence
(1st Semester SY 2012-2013) 1. Definition; Elements
Textbook : Aquino, T.A., TORTS AND DAMAGES 2nd Edition, 2005. Article 20, CC
Article 1173 CC
COURSE OUTLINE Picart vs. Smith, 37 Phil 809
I. CONCEPT OF TORTS; HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF V. Tolentino, pp. 506-507
PHILIPPINE LAW ON TORTS 2. Standard of Conduct
Sangco, pp. XXXI to XLV, pp. 1 to 10 2.1. Ordinary prudent person
Aquino, pp. 1 to 10 I Sangco, pp. 7-8
II. THE CONCEPT OF QUASI-DELICT 2.2 Special Cases
A. Elements Children
Article 2176, CC Article 12, RPC & Comprehensive Juvenile
Barredo vs. Garcia, 73 Phil 607 Justice Law
Elcano vs. Hill, 77 SCRA 98 Taylor vs. Manila Railroad, 16 Phil 8
Cinco vs. Canonoy, 90 SCRA 369 Jarco Marketing vs. CA, GR No. 129792
Baksh vs. CA, 219 SCRA 115 Del Rosario vs. Manila, 57 Phil 478
Dulay vs. CA, 243 SCRA 220 (1995) Ylarde vs. Aquino, 163 SCRA 697
Garcia vs. Florido, 52 SCRA 420 II Sangco, pp. 7-8
Andamo vs. IAC, 191 SCRA 195
Taylor vs. Manila Electric Company, 16 Phil 8 Experts/Professionals
Tayag vs. Alcantara, 98 SCRA 723 Article 2187,CC
B. Distinctions Culion vs. Philippine, GR No. 32611
1. Quasi-delict v. Delict US vs. Pineda, 37 Phil 456
Article 2177, CC BPI vs. CA, 216 SCRA 51
Article 365, RPC
Barredo vs. Garcia, 73 Phil 607 Intoxication
Padilla vs. CA, 129 SCRA 558 Wright vs. Manila Electric, 28 Phil 122
Cruz vs. CA, 282 SCRA
Philippine Rabbit vs. People, GR No. 147703 (2004) Insanity
People vs. Ligon, 152 SCRA 419 (1987) Articles 2180, 2182, CC
Aquino, pp 24-26 US vs. Baggay, 20 Phil 142
I Sangco, pp. 115-120
2. Quasi-delict v. Breach of contract A. Degrees of Negligence
Articles 1170-1174, CC Article 2231, CC
Article 1174, CC Marinduqe vs. Workmen’s, 99 Phil 48
Article 2178, CC B. Proof of Negligence
Cangco vs. Manila Railroad, 38 Phil 768 1. Burden of proof
Fores vs. Miranda, 105 Phil 266 Rule 131, Rules of Court (“ROC”)
Far East vs. CA, 241 SCRA 671 2. Presumption
Air France vs. Carrascoso, 18 SCRA 155 Articles 2184-2185, 2188, 1734-1735, CC
PSBA vs. CA, 205 SCRA 729 3. Res ipsa loquitur
Syquia vs. CA, 217 SCRA 624 Layugan vs. IAC, 167 SCRA 363
Calalas vs. Sunga, 332 SCRA 356 (2000) Ramos vs. CA, 321 SCRA 584
 Batiquin vs. CA, 258 SCRA 334
DM Consunji vs. CA, 357 SCRA 249
D. Defenses
1. Plaintiff’s Negligence
Article 2179, CC
Manila Electric vs. Remonquillo, 99 Phil 117 GR No.
L-8328 (1956)
Bernardo vs. Legaspi, 29 Phil 12
Bernal vs. House, 54 Phil 327
PLDT vs. CA, GR No 57079, 178 SCRA 94 (September
29, 1989)
1. Contributory Negligence
Articles 2179, 2214, CC
Genobiagon vs. CA, 178 SCRA 422
Rakes vs. Atlantic, GR No 1719 (1907)
Philippine Bank of Commerce vs. CA, 269 SCRA 695
3. Fortuitous Event
Article 1174, CC
Juntilla vs. Funtanar, 136 SCRA 624
Hernandez vs. COA, 179 SCRA 39
Gotesco Investment vs. Chatto, 210 SCRA 18
Servando vs. Phil Steam, 117 SCRA 832
National Power vs. CA, GR Nos. 103442-45 (1993)
Southeastern College vs. CA, GR No. 126389, 292
SCRA 422 (July 10, 1998)
4. Assumption of Risk
Afialda vs. Hisole, 85 Phil 67
Ilocos Norte vs. CA, 179 SCRA 5
5. Due diligence
Ramos vs. Pepsi, 19 SCRA 289
Metro Manila vs. CA, 223 SCRA 521
6. Prescription
Kramer vs. CA, 178 SCRA 518
Allied Banking vs. CA, 178 SCRA 526
7. Double recovery
Article 2177, CC
Phoenix Construction vs. IAC, 148 SCA 353 (L-
652095) (1987)
Pilipinas Bank vs. CA, 234 SCRA 435 (105410) (1994)
Quezon City vs. Dacara, (150304) (June 15, 2005)
2. Distinguished from other kinds
Remote
Gabeto vs. Araneta, 42 Phil 252 (15674) (1921)
Urbano vs. IAC, 157 SCRA 1 (L-72964) (1988)
Concurrent
Far East Shipping vs. CA, 297 SCRA 30 (130068)
(1998)
Sabido vs. Custodio, L-21512 (Aug 31, 1966)
3. Tests
“But for”
Bataclan vs. Medina, 102 Phil 181
Substantial Factor
Philippine Rabbit vs. IAC, 189 SCRA 158 (66102-04)
(1990)
Cause v. Condition
Phoenix vs. IAC, supra
Manila Electric vs. Remoquillo, 99 Phil 117 (L-8328)
(1956)
Rodrigueza vs. Manila Railroad, (15688) (November
19, 1921)
B. Efficient Intervening Cause
McKee vs. IAC, 211 SCRA 517 (68102) (1992)
Manila Electric vs. Remoquillo, 99 Phil 117 (L-8328) (1956
Teague vs. Fernandez, 51 SCRA 181 (L-29745) (1973)
Urbano vs. IAC, 157 SCRA 1 (L-72964) (1988)

IV. CAUSATION C. Last Clear Chance

A. Proximate Cause Aquino, pp. 311-329
1. Definition Picart vs. Smith, 37 Phil 809
Bustamante vs. CA, 193 SCRA 603 (89880) (1991)
Bataclan vs. Medina, 102 Phil 181(L-10126) (1957) Phoenix vs. IAC, 148 SCA 353 (L-652095) (1987)
Fernando vs. CA, 208 SCRA 714 (92087) (1992) Glan vs. IAC, GR No. 70493 (May 18, 1989)
Urbano vs. IAC, 157 SCRA 1 (L-72964) (1988) Pantranco vs. Baesa, 179 SCRA 384 (79050-51) (1989)
 Philippine Bank of Commerce vs. CA, 269 SCRA 695 (97626)
(1997)
Ong vs. Metropolitan, 104 Phil 397 (L-7664) (1958) VI.
Anuran vs. Buno, (L-21353) (May 20, 1966)
Raynera vs. Hiceta, 306 SCRA 102 (April 21, 1999)
Canlas vs. CA, GR No 112160 (February 28 2000)
Consolidated Bank vs. CA, GR No 138569 (September 11,
2003)
Engada vs. CA, GR No. 140698 (June 20, 2003)
V. LIABILITY
Articles 2185, 2188, 2190 to 2193, Civil Code
PERSONS LIABLE
A. The Tortfeasor
Articles 2176, 2181, 2194, CC
Worcester vs. Ocampo, (5932) 22 Phil 42 (1912)
Article 2184, CC
Chapman vs. Underwood, (9010) 27 Phil 374 (1914)
Caedo vs. Yu Khe Thai, G.R. No. L-20392 (Dec 18 1968)
Rodriguez Luna vs. IAC, 135 SCRA 242 (1995)

A. Possessor of Animals B. Vicarious Liability

Article 2183, CC Quasi-tort – Black’s Law Dictionary, 6th Edition, p.1489
Vestil vs. IAC, 179 SCRA 47 Article 58 PD No. 603
Articles 216, 218- 219, 221, 236, FC
B. Things thrown or falling from a building Articles 101-103, RPC
Article 2193, CC Sec. 6, RA 9344
Dingcong vs. Kanaan, 72 Phil 14 Articles 2180 – 2182, CC

C. Death/Injuries in the course of employment 1. Parents

Article 1711, CC cf 1712 Exconde vs. Capuno, (L-10134) 101 Phil 843 (1957)
Afable vs. Singer Sewing Machine, 58 Phil 39 Salen vs. Balce, (L-14414) 107 Phil 748 (1960)
Fuellas vs. Cadano, (L-14409) 3 SCRA 361 (1961)
D. Strict Liability/Product Liability Gutierrez vs. Gutierrez, (34840) 56 Phil 177 (1931)
Black’s Law Dictionary, 6th Edition, p. 142 Rodriguez-Luna vs. IAC, (L-62988) 135 SCRA 242
(1985)
Article 2187, CC Libi vs. IAC, (70890) 214 SCRA 16 (1990)
Articles 50 –52, 97, 99, 106-107, Consumer Act Tamargo vs. CA, (85044) 209 SCRA 518 (1992)
Sec. 11 RA 3720 Cuadra vs. Monfort, 35 SCRA 160 (1970)
Coca-cola vs. CA, 227 SCRA 293 2. Guardians
II Sangco, pp. 714-734
Articles 216 and 218, Family Code
E. Interference With Contractual Relations Articles 2180-2181, CC
Article 1314, CC 2. Teachers and Heads of Institutions
Gilchrist vs. Cuddy, 29 Phil 542
So Ping Bun vs. CA, (120554) (September 21, 1999) Articles 218-219, FC
Aquino, pp. 795-801 Article 2180, CC
Mercado vs. CA, (L-14342) 108 Phil 414 (1960)
Palisoc vs. Brillantes, (L-29025) 41 SCRA 548 (1971)
F. Liability of Local Government Units Amadora vs. CA, L-47745 (April 15, 1988)
Article 2189, CC Pasco vs.CFI, (L-54357) 160 SCRA 785 (1988)
Guilatco vs. City of Dagupan, (61516) 171 SCRA 382 Ylarde vs. Aquino, (L-33722) 163 SCRA 697 (1988)
Salvosa vs. IAC, (L-70458) 166 SCRA 274 (1988)
G. Presumption of Negligence St Francis vs. CA, (82465) 194 SCRA 340 (1991)
 PSBA vs. CA, 205 (84698) 205 SCRA 729 (1992)
Soliman vs. Tuazon, (66207) 209 SCRA 47 (1992) Article 32, CC
St. Mary’s Academy vs. Carpitanos, (143363) (Feb 6 1 Sangco, pp. 228-255 (1993)
2002)
Delfin Lim vs. Ponce de Leon, G.R. No. L-22554 (1975)
1. Owners and Managers of Establishments Aberca vs. Ver, G.R. No. L-69866 (1988)
Philippine Rabbit vs. Phil American, (L-25142) 63 MHP Garments vs. CA, 236 SCRA 227
SCRA 231 (1975)
2. Employers B. Defamation, Fraud, Physical Injuries
Philtranco vs. CA, (120553) 273 SCRA 562 (1997) Article 33, CC
Castilex vs. Vasquez, G.R. No. 132266 (Dec 211999) Articles 353-359, RPC
Filamer vs. IAC, (75112) 212 SCRA 637 (1992) Marcia vs. CA, 205 Phil 147
NPC vs. CA, (119121) 294 SCRA 209 (1998) Madeja vs. Caro, 211 Phil 469
Light Rail Transit vs. Navidad, (145804) 397 SCRA Arafiles vs. Phil Journalists, GR No 135306 (2004)
75(2003)
Mckee vs. IAC, (68102) 211 SCRA 517 (1992) 1. Defamation
Valenzuela vs. CA, (115024) 253 SCRA 303 (1996) MVRS vs. Islamic, GR No 135306, 396 SCRA 210
(January 28, 2003)
6. State
Merrit vs. Government, (11154) 34 Phil 311 (1916) 2. Fraud
Rosete vs. Auditor General, (L-1120) 81 Phil 453 Salta vs. De Veyra, 202 Phil 527
(1948)
Mendoza vs. De Leon, (9596) 33 Phil 508 (1916) 3. Physical Injuries
Fontanilla vs. Maliaman, (55963) 194 SCRA 486 Capuno vs. Pepsi Cola, G.R. No. L-19331 (1965)
(1991) Corpus vs. Paje, G.R. No. L-26737 (1969)
Article 2189, CC Madeja vs. Caro, supra
City of Manila vs. Teotico, (L-23052) 22 SCRA 267 Dulay vs. CA, GR No 108017 (1995)
(1968)
Republic vs. Palacio, 23 SCRA 899 C. Neglect of Duty
Article 34, CC
A. Others
Article 1723, CC D. Action for damages where no in independent civil
1. Proprietors of Buildings action is provided
Articles 2190- 2192, CC Article 35, CC
2. Employees
Araneta vs. Joya, (L-25172) 57 SCRA 59 (1974)
3. Engineer/Architect VIII. INTENTIONAL TORTS

B. Nature of Liability: Joint or Solidary? A. Abuse of Rights

Lanuzo vs. Ping and Mendoza, 100 SCRA 205 (1980) Article 19, CC
Malipol vs. Tan, 55 SCRA 202 (1974) Velayo vs. Shell, 100 Phil 186
Viluan vs. CA, 17 SCRA 742 Saudi Arabia vs. CA, 297 SCRA 469
Globe Mackay vs. CA, 176 SCRA 778
VII. TORTS WITH INDEPENDENT CIVIL ACTION Albenson vs. CA, G.R. No. 88694. January 11, 1993.
A. Violation of Civil and Political Rights Amonoy vs. Gutierrez, 351 SCRA 731
 UE vs. Jader, 325 SCRA 804 GR No 132344 (2000) Article 28, CC
Garciano vs. CA, 212 SCRA 436
Barons Marketing vs.CA, 286 SCRA 96 C. Violation of Human Dignity and Privacy
BPI vs. CA, 296 SCRA 260 Article 26, CC
St Louis vs. CA, GR No. L-46061 (1984), 133 SCRA 179
B. Acts contra bonus mores (November 14, 1984)
Article 21, CC Concepcion vs. CA, GR No. 120706 (2000), 324 SCRA 85
1. Elements (January 31, 2000)
Ruiz vs. Secretary, GR No. L-15526 (1963)
1. Examples X. DAMAGES
a. Breach of promise to marry, Seduction and A. Definition and Concept
Sexual Assault Aquino, pp. 842-843
Wassmer vs. Velez, 12 SCRA 648 People vs. Ballesteros, 285 SCRA 438
Tanjanco vs. Santos, GR No L-18630 (1966) Custodio vs. CA, 253 SCRA 483
Bunag vs. CA, 211 SCRA 441 Articles 2195, 2197, CC
Constantino vs. Medez, GR No 5722 (1992) Heirs of Borlado vs. CA, G.R. 114118 (2001), 363 SCRA 753
Quimiguing vs. Icao, 34 SCRA 132 Lazatin vs. Twano, 2 SCRA 842 (1961)
Pe vs. Pe, GR No. L-17396 (1962) Damnum Absque Injuria
Aquino, pp. 843-845
b. Malicious prosecution Board of Liquidators vs. Heirs of Kalaw, 20 SCRA 987
Article 2219, CC Custodio vs. CA, supra
Aquino, pp. 384-391
Lao vs. CA, 325 SCRA 694 B. Kinds of Damages
Que vs. IAC, 169 SCRA 137
Drilon vs. CA, 270 SCRA 211 1. Actual or Compensatory
Articles 2216, 2199, 2200, 205, CC
c. Public Humiliation Algarra vs. Sandejas, 27 Phil 284
Patricio vs. Leviste, G.R. No. 51832 (1989) a. Kinds
Grand Union vs. Espino, G.R. No. L-48250 PNOC vs. CA, 297 SCRA 402
(1979) Integrated Packing vs. CA, 333 SCRA 170
b. Extent
d. Unjust Dismissal Articles 2201-2202, CC
Singapore Airlines vs. Paño, 122 SCRA 671 c. Certainty
(1983) DBP vs. CA, GR No. 118367 (1998)
Medina vs. Castro-Bartolome, G.R. No. L- Fuentes vs.CA, 323 Phil 508 (1996)
59825 (1982) 116 SCRA 597 d. Damage to property
PNOC vs.CA, supra
a. Personal Injury and Death
IX. OTHER TORTS Article 2206, CC
Ramos vs. CA, G.R. No. 124354 (1999), 380
A. Dereliction of Duty SCRA 467 (April 11, 2002)
Article 27, CC Gatchalian vs. Delim, 203 SCRA 126
Amaro vs. Samanguit, L-14986 July 31, 1962 b. Attorney’s Fees
Article 2208, CC
B. Unfair Competition
 Quirante vs. IAC, G.R. No. 73886, 169 SCRA
769 (January 31, 1989)
c. Interest
Articles 2209-2213, CC
Crismina Garments vs. CA, G.R. No. 721, )
d. Mitigation of Liability
Articles 2203-2204, 2214, 2215
Cerrano vs. Tan, 38 Phil 392
2. Moral
a. Concept
Article 2217, CC
Kierulf vs. CA, 269 SCRA 433
a. Proof and Proximate Cause
Miranda-Ribaya vs. Carbonell, 95 SCRA 672
Del Rosario vs. CA, 267 SCRA 58
Raagas vs. Traya, 22 SCRA 839
Enervida vs. dela Torre, 55 SCRA 339
People vs. Bagayong, GR. No 126518, 299
SCRA 528 (Dec. 2, 1998)
b. Cases where allowed
Articles 2219-2220, CC
Francisco vs. GSIS, 7 SCRA 577
Expert Travel vs. CA, G.R. No. 130030
(1999)
e. Unfounded Suits
Mijares vs. CA, 271 SCRA 558
De la Pena vs. CA, 231 SCRA 456
J Marketing vs. Sia, 285 SCRA 580
Cometa vs. CA, 301 SCRA 459
i. Labor Cases
Triple Eight vs. NLRC, 299 SCRA
608
ii. Taking of Life
People vs. Pirame, 327 SCRA
(2000)
Carlos Arcona y Moban vs. CA, GR
No 134784, 393 SCRA 524
(Dec. 9, 2002)
c. Factors in determining amount
PNB vs. CA, 266 SCRA 136
Fule vs. CA, 286 SCRA 698
Philippine Airlines vs. CA, 275 SCRA 621
Valenzuela vs. CA, supra
Sumalpong vs. CA, 268 SCRA 764
Lopez vs. Pan American, 16 SCRA 431
Producer’s Bank vs. CA, GR No 111584, 365
SCRA 326 (Sept.17, 2001)
d. Who may recover
Strebel vs. Figueros, 96 Phil 321
ABS-CBN vs. CA, G.R. No. 128690, 301
SCRA 572 (Jan. 21, 1999)
National Power vs. Philipp Brothers, G.R. No
126204, 369 SCRA 629
(Nov. 20, 2001)
3. Nominal
Articles 2221-2223, CC
Ventanilla vs. Centeno, 1 SCRA 215
Robes-Francisco vs. CFI, 86 SCRA 59
People vs. Gopio, 346 SCRA 408
Armovit vs. CA, 184 SCRA 476
4. Temperate
Articles 2224-2225, CC
Pleno vs. CA, G.R. No. 56505 (1988)
People vs. Singh, 360 SCRA 404
People vs. Plazo, 350 SCRA 433, 161 SCRA 208 (May
9, 1988)
5. Liquidated
Articles 2226-2228, CC
6. Exemplary or Corrective
Articles 2229-2235, CC
PNB vs. CA, 256 SCRA 44
Del Rosario vs. CA, 267 SCRA 158
REFERENCES
SANGCO, CESAR J. Philippine Law on Torts and Damages, Rev. Ed., Quezon
City, JMC Press
Vol. 1 (1993), Vol. II (1994)
TOLENTINO, ARTURO Commentaries and Jurisprudence on the Civil Code of
the Philippines
Vols. I, IV and V, Quezon City
CIVIL CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES (CC)
FAMILY CODE (FC)
REVISED PENAL CODE (RPC)