CORRELATES OF COPRA PRODUCTION TO THE SOCIO – ECONOMIC

STATUS OF FARMERS IN SELECTED MUNICIPALITIES

OF ZAMBOANGA DEL NORTE

REYMOND R. ROCHE
REY MART A. SUMONGLAY
ANGELITO L. TACAN

A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the College of Agriculture

and Technology, Jose Rizal Memorial State University
Tampilisan Campus, In Partial Fulfillment of
the Requirements for the Degree

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION

June 2016
 Republic of the Philippines
JOSE RIZAL MEMORIAL STATE UNIVERSITY
Tampilisan Campus
ZNAC, Tampilisan, Zamboanga del Norte

APPROVAL SHEET

This undergraduate thesis attached hereto, entitled, CORRELATES OF COPRA

PRODUCTION TO THE SOCIO – ECONOMIC STATUS OF FARMERS IN
SELECTED MUNICIPALITIES OF ZAMBOANGA DEL NORTE, prepared and
submitted by REYMOND R. ROCHE, REY MART A. SUMONGLAY, and
ANGELITO L. TACAN, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
Bachelor of Science in Agricultural Education, is hereby accepted by the Research
Committee after giving the Oral Examination on May 24, 2016, with the rating of
Passed.

EDELYN R. BICOY, Ma. Ed. ISAIAS B. CATIAN

Adviser Statistician
Date: __________________ Date: __________________

BRIGIDA B. PANGILINAN CRISTOPHER P. TAGUPA

Member Member
Date: __________________ Date: __________________

EDWIN B. TEMPLADO, E.M.D.

Department Chairman
Date: __________________

Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of

Science in Agricultural Education.

ANA LIZA C. LOPEZ, Ph. D. JOSEPHINE A. SUBONG, Ed. D.

Dean, College of Agriculture and Technology Dean, Academic Instruction
Date: __________________ Date: __________________

JOSEPHINE A. SUBONG, Ed. D.

OIC, Campus Administrator
Date: __________________

Research Project No. RPI – 001

Contribution No. A.E. 16 – 34
Date of Completion June 2016
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The researchers sincerely express their profound gratitude and appreciation to all

the people who contributed to the accomplishment and success of this study. The research

they undertook was successfully undertaken because of their assistance, support and help.

In particular they feel indebted to the following:

To the Dear Divine and Blessed Father who showered His wonderful and amazing

blessings to the researchers, courage, strength, wisdom and strong determination to move

forward in the undertaking they had;

To Dr. Josephine A. Subong, OIC, Campus Administrator, for the approval of this

paper, and for some words of inspiration;

To Dr. Ana Liza C. Lopez, Dean of the College of Agriculture and Technology, at

the same time a member of the panel whose corrections, modifications, and adjustments

are highly appreciated for the improvement of their research and the motherly presence

shown upon them that encourages them in accomplishing and pursuing their study;

To Professor Edelyn R. Bicoy, for her concern by sharing and offering her

knowledge, suggestions, and positive ideas as their adviser;

To Dr. Edwin B. Templado, Department Chairman of the Bachelor of Science in

Agricultural Education, for his open-mindedness, thoughtfulness and consideration of

their errors and inaccuracies, and for the additional information that enriched their study;

To Professor Isaias B. Catian, their statistician of Research Committee, whose

expertise contributed much for the completion of their study;

To Professor Cristopher Tagupa, research panel member who shared his precious

and brilliant ideas;

 To Professor Brigida B. Pangilinan, member of the research panel, and proof

reader for the knowledge and information selflessly shared to them;

To the Municipal Mayor of Liloy, Hon. Mayor Felixberto C. Bolando, Hon.

Mayor Eddie T. Quimbo of Labason and Hon. Mayor Eugenio B. Baliling, and to the

Barangay Captains of the 15 barangays for the approval of the conduct and for guiding

the researchers on the selected households for an interview;

To the Philippine Coconut Authority (PCA), for the statistics provided during the

conduct of the research;

To their parents and guardians, Mr. & Mrs. Sumonglay, Mr. & Mrs. Roche, and

Mr. & Mrs. Tacan, an endless words of appreciation and thanks for their love, care,

undertaking and support to their research study, they have made them strong in terms of

financial support. They provided it without any foot – dragging.

And lastly, to their relatives, friends, classmates, buddy, and board mates who

prayed for their accomplishment and the realization of their aims and goals, and for the

unending words of encouragement they showered during the development of their study

especially to Mr. Ariel T. Berdon for helping them in terms of transportation during the

conduct of the study.

Thank you very much for the help, assistance and the prayer you extended.

THE RESEARCHERS
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL SHEET ii

DEDICATION iii

ACKNOWLEDGMENT iv

LIST OF TABLES viii

LIST OF FIGURES ix

LIST OF APPENDICES x

ABSTRACT xi

INTRODUCTION 1

Background of the Study 2

Conceptual Framework 3

Statement of the Problem 5

Importance of the Study 6

Scope and Delimitation of the Study 7

Definition of Terms Used 7

REVIEW OF LITERATURE 10

MATERIALS AND METHODS 17

Materials 17

Research Method Used 17

Research Locale 17

Respondents and Sampling Techniques 17

Research Instrument 20
TITLE PAGE

Data Gathering Procedure 20

Statistical Treatment of the Data 20

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 22

Socio-Economic Status of Coconut Farmers 22

Average Copra Production 27

Relationship between Copra Production and

Socio-Economic Status of Farmers 30

Problems Encountered by Coconut Farmers 32

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 34

Summary 34

Significant Findings 34

Conclusion 35

Recommendation 36

REFERENCES 37
 LIST OF TABLES

TABLE PAGE

1.0 Distribution of respondents of the study 19

2.0 Educational attainment of coconut farmers 23

2.1 Tenure status of coconut farmers 23

2.2 Size of the family of coconut farmers 24

2.3 Ethnicity of coconut farmers 25

2.4 Average yearly income of coconut farmers 26

2.5 Membership to organization of the coconut farmers 27

3.0 Copra production 28

4.0 Relationship between copra production and

socio – economic status of farmers 31
 LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE PAGE

1 Conceptual Framework of the Study 4

2 Map of Zamboanga del Norte 18

3 The researchers and respondents during the interview 29

 LIST OF APPENDICES

APPENDIX PAGE

A Questionnaire-Checklist 39

B Appendix Tables 43

C Curriculum Vitae 47
 ABSTRACT

A study on the correlates of copra production to the socio – economic status of

farmers in the selected municipalities of Zamboanga del Norte was conducted from

December 2015 to May 2016. A total of 343 coconut farmers from the three

municipalities namely: Labason, Liloy, and Kalawit of Zamboannga del Norte were

utilized as respondents of the study. A questionnaire- checklist was used in gathering the

data needed in the study. The gathered data were tallied and analyzed using simple

percentage and weighted mean. Spearman Rho was also used to determine whether a

significant relationship existed between the copra production and socio-economic status

of the farmers.

The study revealed that 35.86% of the coconut farmers attained elementary level,

most of the coconut farmers in the 15 barangays have 4 – 6 family members, 46.65% of

the respondents were considered as land owner; the ethnic group that live along the three

municipalities are dominated by Cebuano; 88.05% of the respondents had an income of

below PhP 75,000.00 per year; and 47.52% of the respondents had no membership to any

coconut related organizations. On the other hand, copra production is very low since

53.94% of average production falls to below 3,000 kgs per year; however, coconut

farmers did not encounter any serious problem in coconut farming.

It was also found out that there is no significant relationship between copra

production and educational attainment, size of the family, tenure status, and ethnicity.

However, copra production has significant relationship between Average Yearly Income

and Membership to Organization.

 INTRODUCTION

The coconut palm (Cocos nucifera L.) is one of the most useful tropical trees.

This multipurpose tree is used for food, beverage, shelter, animal feed and grown

industrially for the edible and highly saturated oil contained in the flesh of its fruits. The

coconut palm and its fruit are regarded as the most important plant to humans around the

world (Child, 1974). Among its most important uses, coconut is a food source, provides

supplement for body fluids and minerals, and acts as an antihelminthic.

The coconut industry in the Philippines plays a key role in shaping national

development. It is among the top ten export produce of the country as exhibited by the

good export performance of both traditional and non-traditional coconut products. About

one third or 3.26 million hectares of the country's arable agricultural land is planted by

coconut representing sixty four (64) out of total seventy nine (79) provinces, and 1,195

out of the 1,554 municipalities in the country. It provides a sustainable income source for

Filipinos by way of employment generation through its many programs. Coconut (Cocos

nucifera L.) is popularly known as the "TREE OF LIFE" because of the variety of

products and by-products made from the tree namely: coconut meat, oil, juice, husk,

shell, shell charcoal, leaves, pith, inflorescence, trunk and roots.

Farmers who grow coconut are deeply attached to the various products and

services of the coconut palm. When they move into areas that are far from optimal for the

growing of coconut, they take coconut with them, create and maintain micro-

environments which allow it to survive. Over time, farmers have contributed to the

adaptation of coconut to a range of different environments by moving and growing

coconut to areas and environments which are marginal to coconut production, namely
high elevations, higher latitudes, drought prone areas, areas subject to heavy winds and a

range of soils from atolls to heavy clay soils. This specific adaptation under farmer

management deserves to be understood and supported. Given the high degree of diversity

in these populations, many useful genetic traits for resistance and adaptation have been

developed and are being maintained by farmers.

Despite the numerous coconut plantations in the country, productivity levels

remain low and one of the reasons may be attributed to lack of information on

appropriate technologies for Coconut farming.

Background of the Study

Copra productions are suffering due to low farm productivity, and unstable and

poor developed markets for copra and coconut oil - the traditional coconut products.

World yields have been declining from 719 kg per hectare per year in 1976 to 430 kg in

1984 and 400 kg in 1992.

A decline in the coconut economy means a decline in the diet and standard of

living of millions of coconut farmers living in marginal and fragile environments where

coconuts are grown, a loss of nutrition of many populations and a general loss of income

in many countries where coconuts are important.

As classified by the researchers in the selected municipalities of Zamboanga del

Norte there are no researches have been conducted yet about the socio – economic status

and copra production of farmers, hence this research is hereby proposed.

Conceptual Framework of the Study

This study is based on the concept that the correlation between socio – economic

status and copra production of farmers is a determining factor of the coconut industry in

our economy. This study focused on the socio – economic status and copra production of

farmers in the selected municipalities of Zamboanga del Norte. The researchers evaluated

the socio – economic status of coconut farmers covered in the study.

Figure 1 shows the framework of the study. The first frame reflects to socio –

economic status of coconut farmers. The second frame contains the basis for the copra

production per year, and the third frame contains the problems encountered classified as;

not a problem, least serious, serious, very serious.

INDEPENDENT VARIABLES DEPENDENT VARIABLES

Socio – Economic Status

of Coconut Farmers

• Educational
Attainment

• Size of the Family

Copra Production
• Tenure Status

• Ethnicity

• Average Monthly
Income

• Membership to
Organization

Problems Encountered

Figure 1. Conceptual framework of the Study

Statement of the Problem

The study aimed to correlate the copra production to the socio – economic status

of farmers in selected municipalities of Zamboanga del Norte.

Specifically, the study desired to find the answer of the following questions:

1. What is the socio – economic status of coconut farmers in terms of:

1.1. Educational Attainment

1.2. Size of the Family

1.3. Tenure Status

1.4. Ethnicity

1.5. Average Monthly Income

1.6. Membership to Organization

2. What is the average copra production of farmers in selected municipalities?

3. Is there a significant relationship between copra production and socio – economic

status of the farmers?

4. What are the problems encountered by coconut farmers?

Null Hypothesis

Ho: There is a significant relationship between copra production and socio –

economic status of farmers.

Importance of the Study

The aim of this research was to provide basic information on the socio –

economic status and copra production of coconut farmers in the selected municipalities of

Zamboanga del Norte since coconut is a very important agricultural products in the

Philippines.

The study was significant since it will benefit the following:

PCA Personnel. The finding of this study can be used as basis of the government

agencies concerning about coconut based on the data gathered.

Coconut Farmers. The result of the study can be used as the basis to record the

status of coconut production in their respective municipalities.

Researchers. The result of the study is a reliable source of information to

researchers who intend to conduct a study along this time.

The finding of the studies determined the correlation of copra production to the

socio – economic status of coconut farmers in terms of coconut products. The study has

no significant relationship in terms of educational attainment, size of the family, tenure

status, and ethnicity. However, it has significant relationship in terms of average yearly

income and membership to organization. The result would be used as basis in formulating

guidelines related to farm production policies.

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

Content Delimitation. This study focused on the correlation of socio – economic

status to the copra production of coconut farmers. It also determined the overview of the

respondents on the problems encountered.

Time and Place Delimitation. This study was conducted from December, 2015 to

May, 2016 during the first and second semester of the Academic Year 2015 – 2016 at

three (3) selected municipalities of Zamboanga del Norte namely; Labason, Liloy and

Kalawit.

Definition of Terms

In order to facilitate better understanding of the study, the following terms are

hereby defined:

Coconut: a large fruit that has a thick shell with white flesh and liquid inside it

and that grows on a palm tree (Merriam Webster Dictionary, 2016).

COCOFED: is a party list composed of coconut planters from Laguna and

Quezon. It aims to represent coconut farmers in Congress ( WikiPilipinas, 2010).

Copra: a dried flesh of a coconut, from which coconut oil is obtained (Encarta

Dictionary, 2009).

Correlates: either of two things mutually or reciprocally related (Collins English

Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 10th Edition, 2016).

Educational Attainment: a term commonly used by statisticians to refer to the

highest degree of education an individual (US Census Bureau Glossary, 2006).

 Ethnicity: this is a socially defined category of people who identify with each

other based on common ancestral, social, cultural or national experience (Wikipedia, The

Free Encyclopedia, 2016).

Family Size: a fundamental social group in society typically consisting of

one or two parents and their children (American Heritage® Dictionary of the English

Language, 5th ed., 2011).

Fluctuation: this refers to constant change; vacillation; instability (Collins English

Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 10th Edition, 2016).

Industry: a classification that refers to a group of companies that are related in

terms of their primary business activities (Merriam Webster Dictionary, 2016).

PCA: an agency responsible for developing the coconut and other palm oil

industry to its full potential in line with the new version of a united, globally competitive

and efficient industry (Wikipedia, 2016 ).

Production: a process of combining various materials inputs and material outputs

(plans, know – how) in order to make something for consumption (the output) it is the act

of creating output, a good or service which has and contributes to the utility of

individuals (Wikipedia, 2016 ).

Socio-Economic Status: is an economic and sociological combined total measure

of a person’s work experience and of an individual’s or family’s economic and social

position in relation to others, based on income, education, and occupation (Wikipedia,

2016).

Status: the position or rank of someone or something when compound to others in

a society, organization or company (Merriam Webster Dictionary, 2016).

 Tenant: this refers to a person or group that rents and occupies land, a house, an

office, or the like, from another for a period of time (Dictionary.com Unabridged, 2016).

Tenure: the act or right of holding property, an office, a position (Webster's New

World College Dictionary, 2010).

 REVIEW OF LITERATURE

The native habitat for the coconut palm is unknown because coconut is dispersed

by water, although human activity could be credited for much of its dispersal (Child,

1974). Of all the cultivated trees in the world, the coconut palm has the widest

geographical range (Ghai and Wadhi, 1983). Ninety percent (90%) of the world's coconut

acreage lies within 20˚ N and 20˚ S of the Equator (Woodroof, 1970 & Persley, 1992).

The crop is best grown within 600 ft. above sea level, with over 1,250 mm rainfall or a

high water table on a rich silty loam. Coconut was introduced into the West Indies at the

beginning f the 20th Century (Woodroof, 1970, Child, 1974). The main variety was the

Panama Tall found in Guyana, Jamaica, St. Lucia, Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago.

There was also the dwarf variety, with its Yellow, Red (golden), and Green color morphs

(Griffith, 1982).

Cocos nucifera Beccari or coconut belongs to the palm family, Arecaceae (=

Palmaceae) and the only accepted species in the genus Cocos which consists of 200

genera and over 2,000 described species (Child, 1974). According to Woodroof (1970)

the term coconut is derived from the Spanish and Portuguese word, "coco", which means

"monkey/grotesque face", but the plant is known in many countries by local names. For

example, it has been known as "naryal" in India for millennia and as "nut of India" by

Cosmos, the Egyptian traveler, in AD 545. The tree itself has been described as, "man's

most useful tree", "king of the tropical forest", "tree of life", "tree of heaven" and lazy

man's crop, inter alia. (Woodroof, 1970).

 Coconut varieties fall under two broad groups, Tall or typical and Dwarf or nana.

Tall and Dwarf coconut types may hybridize to produce intermediate forms (Woodroof,

1970 & Child, 1974). The Tall variety has greater genetic variability as it is usually cross

pollinated. The coconut plant is monoecious, producing both male and female flowers.

The male flowers are located distally while the female flowers are found proximally on

each inflorescence. The type of pollination is determined by the relative maturation times

of the male and female flowers. In the Tall varieties the male flowers open before the

female flowers, hindering self pollination while, an overlap of the opening phases of male

and female flowers in Dwarf plants allows for self pollination and greater tendency

toward homozygosity. Coconuts are also named after areas where they are grown long

enough to have developed distinctive characteristics, e.g., Panama Tall, West African

Tall and Malayan Dwarf (Woodroof, 1970 & Child, 1974). May pan variety is a hybrid of

the Malayan Dwarf and Panama Tall varieties (Coconut Industry Board of Jamaica

,1973).

The traditional commercial coconuts were the Tall varieties which were preferred

above the Dwarf varieties because of the quality and quantity of copra they produce

(Woodroof, 1970). They normally live for over 60 years, are adaptable to a wide range of

soil conditions, fairly resistant to diseases and water stress, and start to bear within six to

ten years. The Dwarf varieties come into within three to four years, attain full production

by the ninth year and have a life span of about 30 to 40 years. While they show greater

susceptibility to some diseases, the Dwarf varieties exhibit greater resistance than the

Talls to some viral diseases, including lethal yellowing (Woodroof, 1970 & Child, 1974).
 Each coconut inflorescence emerges from the base of a leaf and is approximately

120 around from the previous one. After fertilization of the female flowers, each

inflorescence develops into a cluster of fruits called a bunch. Occasionally the spikelet of

an inflorescence is in direct contact with the spikelet remnants of an older bunch (Hall

1981, Moore, and Alexander, 1987).

Social and economic importance of coconut

The coconut palm and its fruit are regarded as the most important plant to humans

around the world (Child, 1974). Among its most important uses coconut is a food source,

provides supplement for body fluids and minerals, and acts as an antihelminthic. The

liquid endosperm is also a media for invitro storage of semen and a growth regulator of

plants (Woodroof, 1970). Copra, the dehydrated endosperm of the nut, is next to soybean

as a source of oil for food. Coconut oil is also used in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.

The material that remains after the oil is expressed from copra is called oilcake and is

used as animal feed (Woodroof, 1970). Coconut shell is used directly as fuel filler,

extender in the synthesis of plastic, to make activated charcoal, household articles, and to

produce various distillation products, such as tar, wood spirit and pitch. Coir, a course

fiber from the husk of the nut, has various domestic and industrial uses. Coconut root is

brewed and used in folk medicine, for example, as a cure for dysentery (Woodroof,

1970).Coconut accounts for a large part of the national earnings of the Asian and Pacific

Coconut Communities (APCC) countries. In 1993 the APCC account for 86% of the

world's coconut production. Indonesia, the Philippines, and India accounted for 81% of

the coconut.
 The coconut palm (Cocos nucifera L.) is one of the most useful tropical trees.

This multipurpose tree is used for food, beverage, shelter, animal feed and grown

industrially for the edible and highly saturated oil contained in the flesh of its fruits. The

tree can survive 50 years without needing much attention and the fruits drop all year long

(Canapi et al., 2005). The nut (structure) has a smooth epidermis over a fibrous mesocarp

(husk) that covers the hard endocarp (shell). A thin brown layer (testa) separates the shell

from the endosperm (kernel, flesh, meat), which is approximately 1-2 cm thick. A cavity

within the kernel contains the coconut water (Canapi et al., 2005).

Oil extraction

The coconuts are dehusked, split in halves, drained of coconut water and the

halves are exposed to the sun for about a week until copra contains 6-8% water. Sun-

drying is the cheapest method but if the weather is wet there is a risk of mold growth and

aflatoxin contamination. Solar dryers reduce drying time and yield products less likely to

be contaminated. Coconut husks and shells can be used as fuel for artificial drying on

bamboo grill platforms. Direct exposure to smoke may give a light brown color to copra

and oil. Dryers equipped with a steel plate bottom give cleaner products (Canapi et al.,

2005; Kurian et al., 2007). The dried copra is ground, flaked and cooked until moisture is

brought down to 3%. The oil is mechanically extracted from the flakes using an expeller

machine, resulting in a low - colored oil and a copra cake containing about 7% oil. This

cake can be pelletized and used as a feed, or solvent extracted using hexane, resulting in

meal containing less than 3.5% oil (Canapi et al., 2005).

On average, 1000 nuts produce yields 180 kg of copra, and then 110 kg of oil and 55 kg

of meal (Göhl, 1982). There is also a wet process that uses fresh kernels and provides

high grade oil as well as valuable nutriments that are usually lost in the dry process

(Canapi et al., 2005)

Coconut processing by-products

The main coconut by-product is the copra meal. Depending on the oil extraction

method, the oil residue in the marketed product ranges from 1% to 22% (Göhl, 1982).

Copra meal consists of light gray to yellowish pieces (flakes) of variable size, with a

smooth, somewhat curved cut surface in the case of copra meal obtained by pressure only

(TIS, 2013a; TIS, 2013b). In English, the terms copra cake and copra meal sometimes

refer to the mechanically-extracted product (expeller copra meal) and to the solvent-

extracted one respectively (FAO/IAEA, 2001). However, the names are often

interchangeable in practice and this datasheet will use copra meal as a generic term to

designate the oil by-product.

In addition to copra meal, other coconut products can be used to feed animals:

 Copra itself is usually too expensive to use as an animal feed, though it has been fed

to pigs and poultry with good results. As copra oil contains only small amounts of

unsaturated fatty acids, its consumption leads to firm body fat and good flavor

(Göhl, 1982).

 Fresh coconut flesh and parings obtained after processing coconuts for direct

human consumption are sometimes extracted to produce high-quality cooking oil or

cosmetics (Aregheore, 2005; Göhl, 1982). The resulting oil meal is considered of
 higher value than copra meal: it contains a protein of higher biological value than

that of coconut meal because it is not heat processed and it has more vitamins (Göhl,

1982; Grimwood et al., 1976).

 Young coconut leaves are relished by livestock but removing the leaves damages

the tree and animals should not enter coconut fields before the coconut trees are high

enough (Fuller, 2004).

 Coconut pith resulting from the fiber extraction is a rich source of soluble

carbohydrates and is a potential source of energy for livestock (Viswanathan, 1980).

 Coconut water is usually wasted when the nuts are split open. The dry matter

content of coconut water declines as the nut matures and is a meager source of

nutrients when the nuts are harvested for copra (Göhl, 1982).

 Other by-products of little or no feed value include the sediments recovered from the

filter pads of the oil-straining presses, the coconut husks and the dust from

processing the husks into fiber (coir dust), which has been suggested as a carrier for

molasses (Göhl, 1982).

Distribution

Coconut palms mainly grow in coastal areas of the tropics and subtropics. They

require a hot moist climate with average annual temperatures between 20-28°C, average

annual rainfall ranging from 1000 to 1500 mm and deep alluvial or loamy soils (Orwa et

al., 2009).

Copra meal is available worldwide. In 2010, world copra production was 5.2 million tons

and world copra meal production was 1.86 million tons. The main producer of copra and
coconut oil is the Philippines (42% of the oil production in 2009), followed by Indonesia

(25%) and India (12%). Half of the production of copra meal is sold for export and the

Philippines alone exports 0.5 million tons (62.5% of its production) (FAO, 2011; Oil

World, 2011; USDA, 2013). Copra meal used to be a common feed ingredient in Europe,

but importations have largely decreased since the 1990s, from 950,000 t in 1992 to

15,000 in 2013 (USDA, 2013).

Some important cultural and management practices for coconut specifically

fertilizer application, covercropping, intercropping and pasture and cattle raising under

coconut. Fertilizer application improves seedling growth, enhances maturation and

increases nut production of coconut.

Covercropping is a good cultural practice because it minimizes soil compaction,

erosion and other degradation processes that lead to the early marginalization of coconut

lands.

Intercropping is not injurious to the coconut provided that the nutritional and

cultural requirements of both the main and subsidiary crops are properly observed. Under

good management, intercropping in coconut is a profitable venture.

Growing of pasture crops and cattle under coconut is another way of maximizing

the use of coconut lands as well as of augmenting farmers' income, provided that

improved management technique are also employed.

 MATERIALS AND METHODS

Materials

The materials used in the study were record book, survey questionnaire, and

camera.

Research Method Used

This study employed a descriptive survey method of research using the

questionnaire as the main instrument in gathering the necessary data. It intended to

evaluate the correlation of copra production to the socio – economic status of coconut

farmers in the selected Municipalities of Zamboanga del Norte.

Research Locale

The study conducted in the selected municipalities of Zamboanga del Norte,

namely: Liloy, Kalawit, and Labason Zamboanga del Norte (Fig. 2).

Respondents and Sampling Technique

Three hundred forty three (343) out of two thousand six hundred ninety eight

(2698) coconut farmers were considered as respondents of the study from the 15

barangays of the 3 selected municipalities of Zamboanga del Norte. The respondents

were determined through random sampling.

Figure 2. Map of Zamboanga del Norte
Table 1.0 Distribution of respondents of the study.
Selected municipalities of Actual No. of Total No. of
Zamboanga del Norte Coconut Famers Respondents
Liloy

Baybay 208 26

Lamao 150 19

Fatima 154 20

Comunal 194 25

Compra 150 19

Labason

Dansalan 140 18

Osukan 154 20

Patawag 370 47

Malintubuan 280 35

Bobongan 150 19

Kalawit

Batayan 110 14

Fatima 170 22

San Jose 120 15

Pianon 189 24

Concepcion 159 20

Total 2698 343

Research Instrument

The questionnaire – checklist was developed personally by the researcher with the

help of their adviser based on their readings from the books, published and unpublished

theses and online sources. The questionnaire were composed of four (4) parts; Part I deals

with the personal information, Part II focused on the socio – economic status of coconut

farmers, Part III relates on the status of copra production and Part IV evaluated the

problems encountered and management practices of coconut farmers in the selected

municipalities.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers personally administered the questionnaire to the respondents of

the study after seeking approval from the barangay chairman to gather data relative to

their study. The questionnaire was in English language however, the researchers

translated it into Visayan dialect for the convenience of the respondents who could not

fully understand English language during the survey. Retrieval of the questionnaire was

done right after the respondents finished answering the items found in the instrument.

Statistical Treatment of the Data

The data in the research instrument was properly tallied for statistical analysis.

Frequency count, simple percentage, weighted mean, Slovin’s formula and Spearman

Rho were used in order to answer the problems formulated in the study.
 In order to describe the status of copra production, the following continuum was

adopted:

Rating Scale Description

9,001 and above VH Very High

6,001– 9,000 H High

3,001 – 6000 L Low

Below 3,000 VL Very Low

In order to determine the correlation between copra production and the socio –

economic status of coconut farmers, Spearman Rho was used.

In order to describe the extent of serious problems encountered of coconut

farmers, the following continuum was adopted:

Rating Scale Description

3.26 – 4.00 VS Very Serious

2.51 – 3.25 S Serious

1.76 – 2.50 LS Least Serious

1.00 – 1.75 NP Not a Problem

 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Socio – Economic Status of Coconut Farmers

Educational Attainment. The educational attainment of coconut farmers is

shown in Table 2.0 The study had a total respondents of 343 individuals. Elementary

level has the highest percentage of 35.86% with 123 respondents.

On the other hand there were two categories namely; Post secondary level and No

formal education which has the percentage of 2.04% with 7 respondents.

As summarized, the highest number of respondents belongs to elementary level

with a total of 123 respondents in terms of educational attainment.

This concludes that the respondents in the 3 municipalities had lower academic

achievements. This explains that educational attainment is not only the basis for a farmer

to manage a certain land, however it may help the farmer in obtaining a new techniques

in coconut farming.
Table 2.0 Educational attainment of coconut farmers
Frequency Percentage
Educational attainment (f) (%)
Elementary Level 123 35.86
Secondary Level 97 28.28
Post Secondary Level 7 2.04
College Level 64 18.66
College Graduate 45 13.12
No Formal Education 7 2.04
Total 343 100

Tenure Status. Table 2.1 shows that 160 (46.65%) respondents were considered as

land owner which categorized to the highest percentage, and 37 (10.79%) respondents

were classified as sharing/ lease considered the lowest.

It is concluded that coconut farmers prefer to manage their own land, equipped

with farm methods and techniques. Farmers tend to manage their own area to avoid high

labor cost.

Table 2.1 Tenure status of coconut farmers

Frequency Percentage
Tenure status (f) (%)
Land Owner 160 46.65

Tenant 146 42.57

Sharing/ Lease 37 10.79

Total 343 100

Size of the Family. Study on the size of the family shows that 167 of the

respondents were classified as to have 4 – 6 family members particularly bound in one

house.
 This result relates to the culture of the Filipino as “close family tie”. However, on

the basis of family expenditures the more members in the family, the higher the expenses

it cost.

2.2 Size of the family of coconut farmers

Frequency Percentage
Size of the family (f) (%)
1-3 members 65 18.95

4-6 members 167 48.69

7-9 members 86 25.07

10 and above 25 7.29

Total 343 100

Ethnicity. Table 2.3 relates to the Ethnicity of the respondents in the 3

municipalities. On the data gathered, Cebuano has the highest percentage of 60.64% with

208 respondents.

Based on the data gathered, on the actual respondents being interviewed, there

were no respondents who belong to Ilocano ethnic group.

This concludes that most of the populace in the 3 municipalities speaks Visayan

as their mode of conversation or dialect.

Table 2.3 Ethnicity of coconut farmers
Frequency Percentage
Ethnicity (f) (%)
Subanen 95 27.7

Cebuano 208 60.64

Ilocano 0 0

Muslim 3 0.87

Illonggo 37 10.79

Total 343 100

Average Yearly Income. Table 2.4 shows that 302 (88.05%) interviewed

respondents categorized to have an average yearly income of below Php 75,000.

On the other hand, only 4 respondents have a percentage of 1.17% was

categorized to Php. 225,001 and above.

The data reveals that majority of the respondents suffered a low income. As

perceived by the respondents, unstable price of copra could highly affect the income of

the famers.
Table 2.4 Average yearly income of coconut farmers
Average yearly income Frequency Percentage
(in Peso) (f) (%)
Below 75,000 302 88.05

75,001 - 150,000 29 8.45

150,001 - 225,000 8 2.33

225,001 and above 4 1.17

Total 343 100

Membership to Organization. The data show that 163 (47.52%) respondents is

not a member of any coconut related organizations and the remaining respondents were

classified in Philippine Coconut Authority (PCA) which is 94(27.41%) respondents, 78

(22.70%) belongs to Farmers Organization, 6(1.75%) were DAR beneficiaries and 2

(0.58%) respondents were members of COCOFED.

This concludes that farmers prefer to be not a member of any related organization

because they focus more on their production. However, membership would benefit

farmers in terms of new management practices and techniques.

Table 2.5 Membership to organization of the coconut farmers
Frequency Percentage
Membership organization (f) (%)
Farmers Organization 78 22.7

PCA 94 27.41

DAR Benificiary 6 1.75

COCOFED 2 0.58

No Organization 163 47.52

Total 343 100

Average Copra Production

The data below determine and discuss the average copra production and the status

of copra in the different barangays in the 3 municipalities of Zamboanga del Norte. The

result will relate how the different problems encountered influence the production of the

farmer.

Copra Production. Table 3.0 shows the copra production in 3 different

municipalities and 15 barangays covered in the study. Data shows that 183 (53.94%)

respondents harvest below 3,000 kilogram per year, while 11 (3.21%) harvest 9,001 kg

and above.

The data explains that most of the farmers are harvesting below 3,000 kgs per

year. This result is based on the implication that the yield may vary on climatic condition

of the locality (Figure 3).

Table 3.0 Copra production
Copra production Frequency Percentage
(in kgs.) (f) (%)
Below 3,000 183 53.94

3,001 - 6,000 125 36.44

6,001 - 9,000 22 6.41

9,001 and above 11 3.21

Total 343 100

Figure 3. The researchers and respondents during the interview
 The data revealed whether there is a significant relationship between copra

production and socio – economic status of farmers. The table represents the different

variables using Spearman Rho in order to determine the significance. The relationship

relates to many coconut related aspects.

Relationship between Copra Production and

Socio – Economic Status of farmers

Table 4.0 presents the relationship between copra productions and the socio-

economic status of coconut farmers.

In order to test the null hypothesis which states that there is a significant

relationship between the socio-economic status of the farmers and the copra production,

the data were analyzed using Spearman Rho.

As revealed in Table 4.0, there are four (4) variables namely ‟Copra Production

vs Educational Attainment”, ‟Copra Production vs Size of the Family”, ‟Copra

Production vs Tenure Status” and ‟Copra Production vs Ethnicity” was computed lower

than the tabular value, which shows that there is no significant relationship. The result

implies that the socio-economic status of farmers could not affect the copra production on

the said variables.

The remaining two variables (2) namely ‟Copra Production vs Average Yearly

Income” and the ‟Copra Production vs Membership to Organization” was computed

greater than the tabular value, which means that this two stated variables have a

significant relationship. The result implies that the copra production can affect the said

variables.
 This concludes that average yearly income has an impact to copra production, the

lower copra production the lower the income of the farmers and at the same time the

higher copra production the higher the income of the farmers. On the other hand, the

membership to organization, the more membership to organization the lower the copra

production and the least membership to organization the higher the copra production.

Table 4.0 Relationship between copra productions and socio-economic status of the
farmers
Spearman Sig. (2-
Variables Rho tailed) Interpretation
Copra Production vs Educationl Attainment -0.071 0.191 Not Significant

Copra Production vs Size of the Family 0.027 0.620 Not Significant

Copra Production vs Tenure Status 0.076 0.158 Not Significant

Copra Production vs Ethnicity 0.008 0.879 Not Significant

Copra Production vs Average Yearly Income 0.611 0.000 Significant

Copra Production vs Membership to

Organization -0.294 0.000 Significant

The data shows the different problems as experienced by the farmers in the

selected municipalities of Zamboanga del Norte. This determines the very serious,

serious, least serious and not a problem encountered by the farmers. The data relates how

this affects the copra production as influenced by unstable price of copra, low coconut

production, climatic condition and rat control in the different municipalities.

Problems Encountered by Coconut Farmers

Table 5.0 presents the problems encountered of the farmers in the 3 municipalities

namely; Labason, Liloy, and Kalawit.

As shown on the table, the overall weighted mean is 1.69 described as “not a

problem”, problem 1 which classified as “unstable price of copra” is a very serious

problem of our coconut farmers. On the other hand, problem 2 and 3 which classified as

“low coconut production” and “poor climatic condition” was rated as serious problem.

“Rat Control” as problem 4 was rated as least serious and the remaining were considered

as not a problem.

This implies that price fluctuation could highly affect the status of copra

production and socio – economic status. A decline in price means a decline in the income

of the farmers that affect their socio – economic status.

On the other hand, poor climatic condition will result to low coconut production.

Some natural factors such as El Niño would result to low coconut production as

perceived by the respondents.

Table 5.0 Problems encountered by coconut farmers
Problems encountered Weighted Description
Mean
1. Unstable price of copra 3.32 Very Serious

2. Low coconut production 2.70 Serious

3. Poor climatic condition 2.61 Serious

4. Rat Control 2.05 Least Serious

5. Presence of diseases of coconut in the locality 1.70 Not a Problem

6. High transportation cost 1.69 Not a Problem

7. Tenant had no fertilizer supplied 1.65 Not a Problem

8. Absence of farm to market road 1.55 Not a Problem

9. Farm owner management policies 1.29 Not a Problem

10. Indiscriminate cutting of coconut trees 1.23 Not a Problem

11. Low sharing practice of the owner 1.13 Not a Problem

12. Uncalibrated weighing scale 1.12 Not a Problem

13. Peace and order situation of the barangay 1.11 Not a Problem

14. Low market demand of copra 1.10 Not a Problem

15. Farmer Loan Shares 1.07 Not a Problem

Over all Weighted Mean 1.69 Not a Problem

 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary

A study on the correlates of copra production to the socio – economic status of

farmers in the selected municipalities of Zamboanga del Norte was conducted from

December, 2015 to May 2016.

The study used the descriptive method of research. A questionnaire – checklist

was used to gather the data on the correlation of copra production to the socio – economic

status. A total of 343 respondents were coconut farmers from fifteen (15) barangays of

the three (3) selected municipalities of Zamboanga del Norte.

The gathered data were tallied and simple percentage, frequency count, and

weighted mean were computed. Results were analyzed with the Spearman Rho to

determine whether a significant relationship existed between copra production and the

socio – economic status of the farmer.

Significant Findings

Based on the data presented, interpreted and analyzed, the following were the

relevant findings of the study.

1. The socio-economic status of coconut farmers in selected municipalities vary in

many aspects.

a. In terms of educational attainment, 35.86% of the coconut farmers

attained elementary level.

 b. Dominant of the respondents are considered as Land Owner with a

total percentage of 46.65%.

c. Most of the coconut farmers in the 15 barangays have 4-6 family

members (48.69%).

d. The ethnic group that lives along the three municipalities are

dominated by Cebuano with 60.64%.

e. Most of the respondents (88.05%) had an income of PhP 75,000 below

per year.

f. Most of the respondents (47.52%) are not members of any coconut

related organizations.

2. The status of copra production as per surveyed is very low since 53.94% of

average production falls to below 3,000 kgs annually.

3. Copra production is significantly related to average yearly income and

membership to organization. However, it is not related to educational

attainment, size of the family, tenure status, and ethnicity.

4. The coconut farmers did not encounter any serious problems.

Conclusion

Based on the study conducted, it was found out that copra production has

significant relationship between average yearly income and membership to organization,

however it has no significant relationship between educational attainment, size of the

family, tenure status, and ethnicity.

Recommendations

In the light of the findings of the study, the following recommendations are

hereby offered:

1. The coconut farmers should be encouraged to attend seminars and symposia

regarding coconut related topics to enhance, improve and hasten their strategies

in coconut farming.

2. Farmers should practice intercropping to obtain additional income other than

copra.

3. Farmers should follow the recommended practices in coconut production to

obtain high quality of copra that could demand a high buying price.

4. A follow – up study in other locality is also recommended whether the same

result would surface.

 REFERENCES

A. Books

WOODROOF, J.G. 1970. Coconuts: Production, processing, products. The AVI

Publishing Co., Inc. 241 p.

MOORE, D., M.S. RIDOUT, and L. ALEXANDER. 1991. Nutrition of coconuts in

St. Lucia and relationship with attack by coconut mite. A. guerreronis Keifer.
Trop. Agric. 68:41-44.

GHAI, S., and S.R. WADHI. 1983. Phytophagous mites on coconut. In: Exotic plant
quarantine pests and procedures for introduction of plant materials. pp. 87-96.

GRIFFITH, R. 1982a. Extract from "A report on a visit to St. Vincent, West Indies,
from March 26 to April 2, 1982". pp. 1-5.

CHILD, R. 1974. Coconuts. 2nd Edition. Longmans, Green and Co. London 335p.

HALL, R.A. 1986. Experiments with the pathogenic fungus, Hirsutella thompsonii,
against the coconut mite, Eriophyes guerreronis, in St. Lucia and other
Windward Islands: Findings, conclusions and recommendations. Project
TCP/RLA/4510. Unpublished report.

B. Internet Links

http://eol.org/pages/1091712/details, Retrieved on December 18, 2015

http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-71997-85230/unrestricted/ch2.pdf,
Retrieved on December 18, 2015

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_Coconut_Authority, Retrieved on December

18, 2015

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educational_attainment, Retrieved on December 18,

2015
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnic_group, Retrieved on December 18, 2015

http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Family+size, Retrieved on December 22, 2015

http://www.dictionary.com/browse/fluctuation, Retrieved on December 25, 2015

http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/tenant, Retrieved on January 15, 2015

http://www.fgil.wikipilipinas.org/index.php/Philippine_Coconut_Producers_Federation,Inc.,
Retrieved on May 30, 2015

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socioeconomic_status, Retrieved on May 30, 2015

http://www.dictionary.com/browse/correlate, Retrieved on December 15, 2016

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Production_(economics), Retrieved on December 25,

2015

http://www.yourdictionary.com/tenure, Retrieved on December 26, 2015

 APPENDIX A

QUESTIONAIRE – CHECKLIST
on
CORRELATES OF COPRA PRODUCTION TO THE SOCIO – ECONOMIC
STATUS OF FARMERS IN THE SELECTED MUNICIPALITIES OF
ZAMBOANGA DEL NORTE

Dear Respondents,
This instrument seeks to determine the correlates of copra production to the socio
– economic status of farmers in the selected municipalities of Zamboanga del Norte.
Please answer the questions thoroughly and accurately as possible. Rest assured that the
information gathered will be treated with utmost confidentiality.

Thank you very much for your cooperation.

Very truly yours,

(Sgd.) REYMOND R. ROCHE

(Sgd,) REY MART A. SUMONGLAY

(Sgd.) ANGELITO L. TACAN

= = = = = = = = = = = =

I. Personal Information

Direction: Kindly supply the correct information on the blank or space and put a
check mark (/) inside the boxes as applicable.

Name: ______________________________________________________
(optional)
Address: ______________________________________________________
II. Socio – Economic Status of Coconut Farmers

A. Educational Attainment

[ ] Elementary level [ ] College level

[ ] Secondary level [ ] College Graduate
[ ] Post-Secondary graduate [ ] No formal education

B. Size of the Family

[ ]1–3 [ ] 10 and above

[ ]4–6 [ ] others (please specify) ________
[ ]7–9

C. Tenure Status

[ ] Land Owner [ ] Sharing/ Percentage

[ ] Tenant [ ] others (please specify) ________

D. Ethnicity

[ ] Subanen [ ] Muslim
[ ] Cebuano [ ] Ilonggo
[ ] Ilocano [ ] Other (please specify) ________

E. Average Yearly Income

[ ] Below P 75,000 [ ] P 150,001 – 225,000

[ ] P 75, 001 – 150,000 [ ] P 225,001 above

F. Membership to Organization

[ ] Farmers Organization [ ] COCOFED

[ ] PCA [ ] No Organization
[ ] DAR Beneficiaries
III. Status of Copra Production

A. Copra Production (per hectare per year)

[ ] Below 3,000 kg [ ] 6,001 – 9,000 kg.

[ ] 3,001 kg – 6,000 kg. [ ] 9,001 and above
 IV. Problems Encountered by Coconut Farmers

Direction: Listed hereunder are some problems encountered and management practices
of the coconut farmers in the selected Municipalities of Zamboanga del Norte. Please put
a check (/) on the items which applies to you by the following criteria listed below.

Rating Scale Description

4 - VS - Very Serious

3 - S - Serious

2 - LS - Least Serious

1 - NS - Not Serious

[4] [3] [2] [1]

1. Peace and order situation of the barangay [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]

2. Farm owner management policies [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
3. Tenant had no fertilizer supplied [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
4. Low sharing practice of the owner [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
5. Absence of farm to market road [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
6. High transportation cost [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
7. Unstable price of copra [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
8. Low market demand of copra [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
9. Low coconut production [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
10. Presence of diseases of coconut in the locality [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
11. Indiscriminate cutting of coconut trees [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
12. Poor climatic condition [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
13. Uncalibrated weighing scale [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
14. Farmer Loan Shares [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
15. Rat Control [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
16. Others ____________________

Thank you very much!

The Researchers
 APPENDIX B

Appendix Table

Table I.0 Educational Attainment

Municipalities
Labason Liloy Kalawit Total
f 53 32 38 123
Elementary Level
% 38.13 29.36 40 35.86
f 36 33 28 64
Secondary Level
% 25.90 30.28 29.47 18.66
f 0 0 7 7
Post Secondary Level
% 0.00 0.00 7.37 2.04
f 28 27 9 64
College Level
% 20.14 24.77 9.47 18.66
f 18 17 10 45
College Graduate
% 12.95 15.60 10.53 13.12
f 4 0 3 7
No Formal Education
% 2.88 0.00 3.16 2.04
Total f 139 109 95 343
% 40.52 31.78 27.70 100

Table I.1 Tenure Status

Municipalities
Labason Liloy Kalawit Total
f 65 35 60 160
Land Owner
% 46.76 32.11 66.67 46.65
f 58 59 29 146
Tenant
% 41.73 54.13 30.53 42.57
f 16 15 6 37
Sharing/Percentage
% 11.51 13.76 6.32 10.79
Total f 139 109 95 343
% 40.52 31.77 27.70 100
Table No. I.2 Size of the Family
Municipalities
Labason Liloy Kalawit Total
f 27 22 16 65
1–3
% 19.42 20.18 16.84 18.95
f 59 56 52 167
4–6
% 42.45 51.38 54.74 48.69
f 42 26 18 86
7–9
% 30.22 23.85 18.95 25.07
f 11 5 9 25
10 and above
% 7.91 4.59 9.47 7.29
Total f 139 109 95 343
% 40.52 31.78 27.70 100

Table I.3 Ethnicity

Municipalities
Labason Liloy Kalawit Total
f 42 9 44 95
Subanen
% 30.22 8.26 46.32 27.70
f 85 85 38 208
Cebuano
% 61.15 77.98 40 60.64
f 0 0 0 0
Ilocano
% 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
f 3 0 0 3
Muslim
% 2.16 0.00 0.00 0.87
f 9 15 13 37
Illonggo
% 6.47 13.76 13.68 10.79
Total f 139 109 95 343
% 40.52 31.78 27.70 100
Table I.4 Average Yearly Income
Municipalities
Labason Liloy Kalawit Total
f 130 94 78 302
Below 75,000
% 93.52 86.24 82.10 88.05
f 8 12 9 29
75,001 - 150,000
% 5.76 11.01 9.47 8.45
f 1 3 4 8
150,001 - 225,000
% 0.72 2.75 4.21 2.33
f 0 0 0 4
225,001 and above
% 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.17
f 139 109 95 343
Total
% 40.52 31.78 27.70 100

Table I.5 Membership to Organization

Municipalities
Labason Liloy Kalawit Total
f 30 24 24 78
Farmers Org. % 21.58 22.02 25.26 22.74
f 20 58 16 94
PCA % 14.39 53.21 16.84 27.40
f 6 0 0 6
DAR Ben. % 4.32 0.00 0.00 1.75
f 2 0 0 2
COCOFED % 1.44 0.00 0.00 0.58
f 81 27 55 163
No Organization % 58.27 7.87 16.03 47.52
Total f 139 109 95 343
% 40.52 31.78 27.70 100
Table II. Copra Production

Municipalities
Labason Liloy Kalawit Total
f 75 45 65 185
below 3,000 kg
% 40.54 24.32 35.14 53.90
f 52 50 23 125
3,001 - 6,000
% 41.60 40 18.40 36.40
f 7 12 3 22
6,001 - 9,000
% 31.82 54.54 13.64 6.41
f 5 2 4 11
9,001 and above
% 45.45 18.18 36.36 3.21
Total f 139 109 95 343
% 40.52 31.77 27.69 100

Table III Relationship between Copra Production and Socio – Economic Status
Spearman Sig. (2-
Variables Rho tailed) Interpretation
Not
Copra Production vs Educationl Attainment -0.071 0.191 Significant
Not
Copra Production vs Size of the Family 0.027 0.62 Significant
Not
Copra Production vs Tenure Status 0.076 0.158 Significant
Not
Copra Production vs Ethnicity 0.008 0.879 Significant
Copra Production vs Average Yearly Income 0.611 0.000 Significant
Copra Production vs Membership to
Organization -0.294 0.000 Significant
 APPENDIX C

BIOGRAPHICAL DATA

I - Personal Information

Name : Reymond R. Roche

Home Address : San Jose, Kalawit, Zamboanga del Norte

Date of Birth : November 28, 1994

Place of Birth : Mabuhay, Liloy, Zamboanga del Norte

Height : 5’3”

Weight : 62 kg

Sex : Male

Civil Status : Single

Religion : Alliance

Father’s Name : Jose A. Roche

Mother’s Name : Wilcita R. Roche

II - Academic Background

Elementary : San Jose Elementary School

San Jose, Kalawit, Zamboanga del Norte
2008

High School : Kalawit National High School – Pianon Annex

Pianon, Kalawit, Zamboanga del Norte
2012

College : JRMSU- Tampilisan Campus

ZNAC, Tampilisan, Zamboanga del Norte

Degree : Bachelor of Science in Agricultural Education

(BSAg.Ed)
 APPENDIX C

BIOGRAPHICAL DATA

I - Personal Information

Name : Rey Mart A. Sumonglay

Home Address : ZNAC, Tampilisan, Zamboanga del Norte

Date of Birth : March 03, 1994

Place of Birth : Pangi, Ipil, Zamboanga del Sur

Height : 5’5”

Weight : 59 kg

Sex : Male

Civil Status : Single

Religion : Roman Catholic

Father’s Name : William D. Sumonglay Sr.

Mother’s Name : Norma A. Sumonglay

II - Academic Background

Elementary : ZNAC Elementary School

ZNAC, Tampilisan, Zamboanga del Norte
2006

High School : JRMSU-TC Laboratory High School

ZNAC, Tampilisan, Zamboanga del Norte
2010

College : JRMSU- Tampilisan Campus

ZNAC, Tampilisan, Zamboanga del Norte

Degree : Bachelor of Science in Agricultural Education

(BSAg.Ed)
 APPENDIX C

BIOGRAPHICAL DATA

I - Personal Information

Name : Angelito Losabia- Tacan

Home Address : Pangi, Ipil, Zamboanga Sibugay

Date of Birth : May 15, 1995

Place of Birth : Pangi, Ipil, Zamboanga Sibugaay

Height : 5’4”

Weight : 66 kg

Sex : Male

Civil Status : Single

Religion : Roman Catholic

Father’s Name : Lito C. Tacan Sr.

Mother’s Name : Evelyn V. Losabia

II - Academic Background

Elementary : Pangi Elementary School

Pangi, Ipil, Zamboanga Sibugay
2008

High School : Zamboanga Sibugay

bugay National High School – SPED
Pangi, Ipil, Zamboanga Sibugaay
2012

College : JRMSU- Tampilisan Campus

ZNAC, Tampilisan, Zamboanga del Norte

Degree : Bachelor of Science in Agricultural Education

(BSAg.Ed)