Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Class : TBI 6 B
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Sir riswanto
1) Spoken language
2) Written Language
Text types Letters are a good example of a discourse type where the
receiver is usually a specified individual or group, unlike the classroom or
homework essay, which is often written for an unknown audience, but with
the overlay of knowing that the teacher lexarniner will be the pseudo-reader.
Letter writing activities can therefore raise all the important questions of the
relationship between discourse structure and contextual factors, as we have
seen. There also appear to be cross-cultural problems concerning letters,
especially business letters. what is said and how it is said are present in
writing as much as in speech. The sentence is more obvious as a grammatical
unit in writing, although certainly not in all kinds of writing: signs and
notices, small ads, notes, forms, tickets, cheques, all contain frequent
examples of 'non-sentences' (lists of single words, verb less clauses, etc.)
In the use of both written and spoken language is not the same, this is
because the use of written and spoken language has rules of its own-alone in
the use of words, vocabulary and sentence structure. Note the use of written
and spoken language below.
Writing and spoken language differ in many ways. However some forms of
writing are closer to speech than others, and vice versa. Below are some of the
ways in which these two forms of language differ Writing is usually permanent
and written texts cannot usually e changed once they have been printed or written
out Speech is usually transient, unless recorded, and speakers can correct
themselves and change their utterance as they go along Spoken language tends to
a full of repetitions, incomplete sentences, corrections and interruptions, with the
exception of formal speeches and other scripted forms of speech, such as new
reports and scripts for plays and films.
A simple sentence is a sentence with one predicate line. All simple sentence are
dividing into
Utterance is a complete unit of speech (what one speaker says). In other word,
utterance is the act of expressing word (something that you say). We use term
utterance to refer to complete communicative units, which may consist of single
words, phrases, clause or clauses, combination spoken in context, in contrast to
the term sentence which we reserve for unit consisting of at least one.
REFERENCES
Brown, Gillian and George Yule. 1996. Discourse Analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press
Brown, Gillian and George Yule. 1996. Analisis Wacana. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press
See Newmayer 1998, Language Form And Function ( Cambrige, Massachusetts: MIT
Press), and Culicover and Jackendolff 2005 , Simple Sintax ( OUP )
Alerton, D.J (1975) Delection And Pro-Form Reduction Journal Of Linguistic II :
213-37