Reducing the rate of youth substance abuse 1

DECREASING THE RATE OF YOUTH SUBSTANCE ABUSE AND

INCREASING THEIR WELL BEING

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Project title: decreasing the rate of youth substance abuse and increasing their wellbeing

Project period: one year/January 2015-december 2015

Project area: - Region – Amhara

Zone- north Gondar

Area- Gondar University (samunaber)

Project beneficiaries: - Direct – 960

Indirect- 3720

Project request budget: 604,975.00 birr

Implementing agency: Gondar University

Reducing the rate of youth substance abuse 2

2. Introduction
The negative effect of substance abuse is not limited to individual abusers; rather its
adverse negative consequence is borderless and challenging to the social, cultural and,
economic and political arena of a given nation. The abuse of substances is a contributing factor
in many other problems.

The magnitude and pattern of youth substance abuse are becoming critical issues in
contemporary world. According to the united nation office for drug control (UNODC)
estimates,149 to 172 million people (3.3-6.1% of the population)aged 15-64 use illicit drug at
least once in the previous year across the world and half of which are current drug users. The
regional population of Africa in the report is between 25.7 million and 80.8 million among the
same age group (world drug report, 2011).

3. STATEMENT OF THE PROJECT (PROBLEM STATEMENT)

Substance abuse and problems accompanying it have critical effects when it appears on
the young generation in particular. Substance abuse refers to the occasional use of substances
that results a socioeconomic problem in abusers social functioning.

One widely accept definitions of substance abuse state that drugs are a compound that,
because of their comical structure, change the functioning of biological system (Levinthal, 1999)
the term substance abuse, applies only to instance in which people take drugs purely to change
their social functioning moods, in which the experience impaired behavior or social functioning
as a results of doing so (Wallace and Fisher, 1997). Unfortunately when people consumed drug
on regular base, they often develop dependence; they come to need the drug and cannot function
without it (Okoza, 2009).

Higher education instructions are supposed to be place where the future generations are
equipped with the necessary knowledge, skill and attitude, while ethics being the focal points.
They are the places where individuals get knowledge from both in school and out of school
lesson, either formally or informally. In spite of this fact, for some students, college is a time to
experiment not only with new ideas, but with new thrills, including alcohol and drugs (ONDCB,
2004).while staying in higher education institutions, students are forced to face tremendous
number of challenges. These days, substance abuse takes the lion share in hindering this
Reducing the rate of youth substance abuse 3

institution commitment to provide an experience that allows students to rise to their potential
(Walter, 2004).

It has been observed that much of substance abuse among youths takes place in school.
Accordingly several studies have supported the alarming rates of substance abuse in student
population ( Eneh& Stanly, 2004). The university experience is unique as it provides students
with first opportunity to be a parts of large group of peers without parental supervision. This
makes them, according to Ench and Stanly, more vulnerable to try novel, previously prohibited
and sometimes illicit experiences which includes substance use (Ench and Stanly, 2004.

Research has shown that, the actual as well as potential danger of chat, cigarette, alcohol
and marijuana is multi faced and not only directly related to students’ academic performance but
also it might have severe consequence on the life of individuals. Its effects might further be
devastating as a results of related nature of drugs.as many researches show that more than half of
chat users smoke cigarettes and take alcohol too. Majority smokers are found to be taking only
chat previously and the vast majority of marijuana users used to take only chat and cigarettes
while they start abuse (Zein, 1988).

Also there number is insufficient, studies conducted higher education in Africa dis closed
that substance abuse among higher education is critically increasing. for instance, a study
conducted in one of Nigerian universities to access the prevalence and pattern of drug use,28%
out of 728 medical under graduates of respondents fell under the categorizes of drug abusers.
Substance most commonly was found to be alcohol, minor tranquilizers, tobacco, and narcotics.
Alcohol and tobacco were drugs consumed on a daily bases while the prevalence of drug use was
highest among the fourth and final year students (Ihezue, 1988).

Even though a growing volume of literature shows that tobacco, alcohol, and other
substance are mostly used by higher education students worldwide, it is cumbersome to find
studies showing the current abuse and rates of prevalence during a recent period of time in
Ethiopia. we failed to find full-fledge researches showing the extent, determinants and the
negative social, consequence in related to substance abuse among youth staying in higher
education institutions however the severity of the potential danger associated to the habit is high.
Reducing the rate of youth substance abuse 4

4. Statistical evidence on substance abuse in the university and at

samunaber community
A research conducted by Efrem (2005) at university in all campuses found that 35% of
the students are substance users. The statistical evidence gained from samunaber community
shows that some local people 11.7% are abusive.In addition 9.9% are addicted and cannot
function without drugs. But the large number of abusers are students of Gondar university (
Getnet 2007). Our project is also mainly concerned the students of the university. Based on the
interview AtoAbabu said that, most drug users are the students of Gondar University. As to him
the university as well as other responsible bodies must play a key role to reduce and alleviate the
problem of substance abuse. The study conducted in Gondar College of medicine revealed the
prevalence rate of alcohol, cigarettes, chat and tranquilizers during the study period as 31.1%,
26.3%, and 7.7%respectively. Here we want to express in brief and in detailed manner that the
abusers of drug at samunaber are students of Gondar University.

5. PROJECT JUSTFICATION
The magnitude and pattern of youth substance abuse are becoming critical issues in
contemporary world. According to the united nation office for drug control (UNODC)
estimates,149 to 172 million people (3.3-6.1% of the population)aged 15-64 use illicit drug at
least once in the previous year across the world and half of which are current drug users. The
regional population of Africa in the report is between 25.7 million and 80.8 million among the
same age group (world drug report, 2011).

The habit of drug abuse in Ethiopia is also becoming critical. The practice is expanding
across the national prevalence rate of 2.6%(WDR,2006).however there is acute shortage of up to
date national figure across the country, UNODC found 18.8% respondents abusing cannabis and
opiates among 1531 treated respondents (WDR2009).

Although problem related to substance use are tantamount and growing fast to worsen the
situation further, it seems it has failed to get as much attention as it demands from the public and
the government in Ethiopia.

The prevalence of substance abuse now becoming more than individual, ethical and
minor health problems rather its evil effect goes beyond the sphere by affecting family, political,
Reducing the rate of youth substance abuse 5

cultural and national development spheres. Drug has been causes for many marriages end up in
divorce; it is the root cause behind many criminal offences; it is the reason for many people
madness; and so much can be said. Furthermore its negative impact would be more sever when it
is attached with the youth.

In fact the abusers at samunaber are university students and the surrounding local people
with great addiction and proportion of the former.in the institution where significant number of
promising youth temporarily resides substance pose a major threat to health of students on one
hand and the quality of education on the other. It is becoming the major reason for academic
incompetence. The local people who are both employed and unemployed are also abusing the
substance and absent from their work. Not only leave their job but also they disguised
unemployer.in fact these leads to downturn economic growth of the nation.it had also adverse
socio economic and political and related problems for the local people too.

Increased involvement in alcohol and other substance use by youth may precipitate
deterioration in psychological functioning (E.g. school problems, withdrawal and isolation, and
legal problems). For yet other substance use is embedded within matrix of deviant behavior and
attitudes. In relation to the public perception of healthy drug use, much attention should be
provided in light of developmental issues. Parry after studying challenges n US higher education
institution asserts:

Although some people look that illegal substance use as a natural phase of youthful rite f
passage, the hard reality is that substances can destroy lives and undermine a school best effort to
educate.

College officials must understand how drug use on the campuses –even by those who
show no outward signs of harmful consequences –can interfere with student’s mental social and
emotional growth (Parry, 2004). Indeed the basic rational behind our project at samunaber in
Gondar town is that most abusers are students of Gondar University followed by the local
people. Therefore it is very important to protect students from such deviant behavior and to
develop their potential. By default the human resource of the country.
Reducing the rate of youth substance abuse 6

6. Problem tree
Elevating work
Peer performance
press
Better thinking family
ure
capacity Enhancing
imaginative ability

Increase
Causes confidence
Youthsubstance
Sense
happiness abuse
Cultural religious effect

Consequences
Socioeconomic
Health effect effect

( Efrem m . 2005)
Reducing the rate of youth substance abuse 7

7. Goal
To decrease the rate of youth substance abuse and to promote the wellbeing of adults.

7.1. Specific objective

To identify factors those promotes youth substance abuse and tackle the problem

To determine the level of social attachment among substance taking youth particularly campus
students and local residents

To promote youth wellbeing

To decrease socio-economic risks associated with substance abuse

To perpetuate situations that increase the potential of youth in educational sector

8. Description of Direct and Indirect Beneficiaries

The target beneficiaries of this project are substance abusive students of Gondar
University and youth residents of samunaber community in Gondar town. The project is mainly
concerned about the environmental and personal forces that ultimately the youth to use and abuse
drugs within campus students and residents of samunaber community. Totally their number is
960.

The indirect beneficiaries of the project include children, the management staffs, the
surrounding Gondar town communities, the university community, the general public, and the
government of the nation. Generally speaking significant number of Gondar University students
from all campuses and youths living at samunaber will be served as a result of the project.

Normally there are also large proportion of indirect beneficiaries who would be benefited
from our project.

9. Strategies
1. Developing strong rules and regulations
2. Life skill training
3. Establish anti-substance abuse club
Reducing the rate of youth substance abuse 8

4. Using differential association and deferential reinforcement method

5. Open discussion between parents and kids
6. Creating awareness through education
7. Giving guidance and counseling service
8. The person in environment perspective

10. Lists of activities

In order to achieve the objectives set above the following activities will be included in
accordance with the strategies listed above.

10.1.Developing strong rules and regulations

The weakness of rules and regulations and its implementation is questioned by youth,
reconsidering the strength of principles and effective implementation of the rules and regulations
towards substance use prevention and control appears as essential activities that takes paramount
consideration. Therefore the University should reconsider since strength of principles under the
rules and regulations of the University and its implementation are considerable activities.

In the local communities (samunaber) we will also developed strong rules and
regulations that prohibit substance abuse problem. We will give support for both the University
and the local community to control the existence and prevalence of the problem and already
addicted youth (students) through therapy of various types.

This at least, ensures the banning of substance in the University campuses as well as the
samunaber community.

10.2. Life skill training

Our group in the University and in the local community will deliver training like life skill
training to build personal and social life skills that will help students to resist pressure to use
substances. Someone’s own orientation, rationalization, justification, excuse and other attitudes
that define the commission of an act as relatively more right or wrong, good or bad, desirable or
undesirable, justified or unjustified, and appropriate or inappropriate. We will conduct other
activities for students and youth not to accept specific definition of an act as right or wrong.
Specific definitions orient the person to particular acts or series of acts and to define a given
Reducing the rate of youth substance abuse 9

situation as providing opportunity or lack of opportunity for taking substances. The greater the
extent to which one has learned and endorses general or specific attitudes that either positively
approve f or provide justification for the substance use, and the greater the chance are that one
will engage in that behavior. These activities help will the project beneficiaries in order to defend
abusive behavior. By doing the above listed activities in the form of training we boost the self-
esteem and confidence of youth (students) to appropriately defend the negative peer influence
towards substance abuse.

Hence life skill training is fundamental element of human life that aspire students to shift
towards positive and normative behavior which is accepted by the normal functioning of the
society. Therefore these activities in line with the strategy will play a key role in reducing
adolescent drug abuse.

One of its aim is to enable substance dependent students and youths in a better position to
systematically address peer pressure or know themselves and how to control and manage the
issue of drug abuse in a detailed manner. This life skill training helps us which again will help
them to identify gaps in their developmental life cycle and which again helps them to
systematically address similar issues.

At the beginning of the academic year welcome fresh for new students will be provided
in an organized manner with the purpose of reaching freshman students with information of
substance abuse and other related issues like services available in the campus ,promoting
different activities and peer learning sessions, and encourage them in such life skill trainings.

During the project period individual stalk holders, management staffs of the University,
local community leaders, direct and indirect beneficiaries, and other interest groups or volunteers
should work collaboratively to achieve the desired objectives and to identify the gaps in
implementation and project designing or to understand the pity falls of the project.

It can also include other individual stalk holders like instructors, department heads,
faculty deans, student’s association presidents in each campus.

The major stalk-holdersare to decrease the rate of youth substance abuse of Gondar
university students and youth of samunaber community through collaborative effort or teamwork
of the stalk holders.
Reducing the rate of youth substance abuse 10

10.3.Establishing anti substance abuse club

Since most of the abusers are students of Gondar University (GU).we would establish
students or youth anti-substance abuse club and assisting the overall process through providing
material and professional support. The professional assistance that we have deliver will be also
in collaboration with academic staff of the university and in relation to the normal functioning of
the local community.

In relation to the club we will also expanding leisure time services at each campus like
DSTV, TV, lounge, Karan bola, table tens and sport fields will be built and rebuilt to attract
students in the university and not to go the field of substance abuse. Our group also gives an
award for students who become normal from the abusive behavior .in such a fashion we will
create other students (youth) as a role model.

10.4. Using differential association and differential reinforcement method

First of all we will categorize students in to two groups and mix those who has an abusive
behavior with that of non-abusive students. Then we will directly associate and interact the
abusive students (youth) with other who engage in a certain kind of behavior or express norms,
values, and attitudes that are different from such a behavior, as well as indirect association and
identification with more a distant reference groups. Then the groups with which one is in
differential association provide the major and intermediate social contexts in which all the
mechanisms of social learning operate or take place. In line with those strategies we will also
accomplish that the youth contact with other groups must be frequent, durable and intensive.

In differential reinforcement method we willmade a balance between anticipated or actual

rewards and punishments that follow a behavior. In such a way whether an individual will refrain
from substance use at any given time depends on the balance of past, present, and anticipated
future rewards and punishments for their action.

10.5.Open discussion between parents and kids

This activity is conducted to create awareness of parents about their kids. Here to create
the awareness about substance abuse we will arrange meetings, conferences and workshops.
Around 50 parents with their kids are participated. in relation to these we will accomplish
activities like; sufficient parental supervision and monitoring, communication and interaction
between parents, developing well defined and well communicated rules and expectations against
Reducing the rate of youth substance abuse 11

drug use, developing kids in consistence and constructive discipline, minimizing family conflict,
change favorable parental attitude towards adolescent alcohol and drug use, minimizing parental
alcoholism or drug use are among the major activities that we perform in our project.

Since families or parents are the place or the setting in which our primary socialization
take place; they are very significant in reducing and banning such a behavior. The stronger the
parental social control, the less the youth/kids participating in such abusive behavior will be.

This discussion will be forwarded in the form of panel discussion, conference programs
and through mass media.

The objective is to create awareness about the serious consequences of youth substance
abuse for parents and the general public as well as for governmental agencies through the above
listed activities

10.6. Creating awareness through education

We need this education because of so many drug abusers led to this practice by
peer, lack self-esteem and academic purpose. For this matter we will educate students
and youths through deferent mass media and entertainment to those people to create
health full youth and productive citizens.

10.7. Giving guidance and counseling service

To 45 abusers students will be participated for 2 days. We give psychological
treatment and guidance service and improve their living environment for the betterment
of their life.

Person environment perspective

The primary purpose of this activity is to gain insight about the root causes of
drug abuse behavior is biological make up, and their psychological characteristics, that
social setting, and their physical or geographical environment.
Likewise human behavior takes place in a diverse array of geographical,
psychological and social contexts. In our project work we will respond effectively to
demands of individuals, families, groups, communities and organizations which are in
abusive setting through community based and community level intervention activities.
Reducing the rate of youth substance abuse 12

Human beings in general and drug addicted youth in particular are shaped by their
genes and their social environment.
In order to understand the psychological and mental process of addicted students
(youth) we perform therapies that focus on psychological, social and environmental mal
adjustment of abused youth. That is why the social environment of human is much more
complex than other animals because of their culture. In providing therapy we will invite
professionals like social workers, psychologists, psychiatrists and sociologists who are
experts in behavioral science professions and disciplines. Therefore in our project we
have focused on the person and the environment (social &physical) through our therapies
(counseling’s).110 students will have been participated for 2 days and developed good
insight about the substance abuse. 50 samunaber local residents will also participate.

The drug abusive behavior and substance abusers environment by itself influence will
the abuser. By any means to understand those environmental situations we will perform peer to
peer learning, youth group focus discussion and communicate with concerned bodies and stalk
holders and indigenous community leaders. . We will also perform comprehensive assessment to
promote social change and enhance the normal functioning drug abusive students.

11. Project period

The project will be implemented from January 2015-december 2015 for a period
of one year.

11.1. Outputs of the project

1. Two life skill training are conducted to reach for the campus students and
for samunaber community
2. One differential association program is conducted and many students who
are abusive in their behavior are participated
3. Two differential reinforcement program is conducted and 55 students in
the campus and 40 youths of the local community are participated
4. 258 students become members of anti- substance abuse club
5. 75 youths of samunaber community also establish anti-substance abuse
club in their community
Reducing the rate of youth substance abuse 13

6. Two panel discussions are forwarded and 155 students and 80 youth of the
community are engaged
7. Four parent – kid open discussions are conducted and many students in the
campus are involved.

11.2. EXPECTED OUTCOMES

1. Developing behavioral changes on the adverse effects of or
consequences of youth substance abuse and other socioeconomic and
psychological effects of drug abuse by students of the University and the local
communities of samunaber.

11.2.1. Indicators

 Through differential association many students turn into their

normal behavior
 A number of students understands the sociocultural impacts of
substance abuse
 Many students are participating in anti –substance abuse club and
take part in different activities
 Many students and youth of the local community become aware of
the adverse economic effects of substance abuse
 Reduction in regular usage of substances
2. Creating awareness on the harmful consequences of substance
abuse

Indicators

 Behavioral and attitudinal change is seen in drug addicted students and youths of the
local communities
 Large segment of students understood the importance of panel discussion
 The existence of various services and their appropriate provision for a number of students
and for the local community
Reducing the rate of youth substance abuse 14

 The presence of open communication between parents and kids in shaping adolescent’s
behavior
 The existence strong social norms at samunaber communities
 The presence of strong rules and regulation of the the university
 Reduction of drug dependence behavior of youth (students)
 Substitution of drug dependent behavior by socially accepted behavior

12. MONITORING AND EVALUATION

The entire monitoring and evaluation process take place specified manner.it tell us how
the project is going as it is planned and it indicates how documented and reports and the program
in the project has going on. Here we monitor our project by recording our day today activities
that are performed by our groups. both formative and summative are also delivered in line with
the entire monitoring process .since the project planned to be implemented for a period of 1 year
and there will be two monitoring session in line with the formative and summative evaluations.
The project reports and financial break down or budget also monitored in cost effective and
efficient manner. In order to understand behavioral change in students and youths we select
causal variables through experimental method by using control and experimental group test
finally we also measured the progress reports after two or more sessions of project monitoring
and evaluation.

In addition in order to measure changes that take place in substance abusive students and
youths certain qualitative measurements are monitoring and administered.

13. SUSTANABLITY OF THE PROJECT

Regarding tothis project different sustainability strategy are proposed and designed.

Among this strategies the collaborative and team work activities in the university; as
higher educational institution expected to promote peer to peer education of students (youths) to
achieve behavioral and attitudinal changes about the adverse effects or harmful grievances of
youth substance abuse.

Concerning the project the second sustainability strategy is enhancing and promoting
awareness creation through the community based and community level intervention activities by
the university.
Reducing the rate of youth substance abuse 15

Polices and strategies by the local community and the university must be modified for the
sustainability of the project.

Effective, efficient, and collaborative networks related stake holder must be recognize
and awarded for their contribution in reducing youth substance abuse.

Strong and multidimensional social networks and clubs should be established that are
interested in intervening in this areas.

Mainstreaming substance abuse policies in the community and the university are also
significant strategies that take paramount consideration for sustainability of the project.

14. RESPONSIBLITIES
The project officer is our group. our group is responsible for the quality of the project.

 Our group is responsible for monitoring and supervising

 Our group responsible for day to day operation of our activities
 Our group supervised open family and kid discussion
 We are also responsible to recognize the continuity of the project
 Responsible for coaching and administrating the project

LOGICAL MODEL

Input Process Out put Outcome Impact

Departm Developi Rules - -Better

ent head, ng strong rules and regulations Reduction of academic
and regulations are formulated addiction and achievement
Manage
and practiced by substance abuse
ment staff, -Normal
concerned
community -Creating functioning of
bodies
leaders and awareness about the body
material substance abuse
resource

Hall, Giving Life skill - -better

transport cost, (forwarding) life training is Collaboration personal and
Reducing the rate of youth substance abuse 16

print cost, skill trading for forwarded and with different social skill
training students and practiced by concerned
-
guidance, youths. concerned bodies
behavioral
agenda holding bodies
-many modification
book.
students
-
participated in
substance abuse
the training
reduced
-youth
understood
harmful effects
of drug abuse

Commun Mixing -a -learning -reduced

ity leaders, students (youth) number of through risks of youth
material with people who students association have substance abuse
resources, have different participated in shown increase
-
experts, norms, values, anti- substance in knowledge on
behavioral
university and attitudes abuse behavior reduction of
change through
management, through drug abuse
-a association
hall cost of soft association and
number of -learning
drinks reinforcement. -
students (youth) through
behavioral
understood other reinforcement
modification
attitudes and helps for the
through
beliefs youth not to
reinforcement
engage in that
behavior

Students, Establish -anti- -250 -

management ing anti- substance abuse students become reduction of
staff, religious substance abuse club is member of the drug abuse
leaders,
Reducing the rate of youth substance abuse 17

instructors, club established club problems

community
-promote -brain
leaders, funding
other students washing through
costs
(youth) to association and
defend actively interaction
substance
abusive behavior

Parents, Conducti -75 -parent- -Creates

kids, logistics, ng open parents kid discussion awareness about
hall, cost for soft discussion participated in shown an risk factors
drinks, and other between parents the discussion increase in associated with
material costs and kids knowing the drug abuse
-75 kids
importance of
also participated -reduce
open
the rate of youth
communication
substance abuse
and discussion

-
increased
parental attitude
towards kids and
the adverse
consequence of
substance abuse

Experts, Creating -a - -
stationary awareness number of increased consciousness
materials, through students develop awareness on the created
logistics, education consciousness adverse effects
-
transport cost, about substance of substance
Reducing the rate of youth substance abuse 18

meeting hall abuse abuse Substance abuse

minimized
-a -students
number of develop -Youth
parents get conscious substance rate
adequate attitude towards reduced
knowledge about drug abuse
substance abuse

Psycholo Giving Counseli - -Reduced

gists, social counseling and ng and guidance Decrease substance
workers, guidance is given students
(experts) hall, confusion
transport cost,
-increase
and stationary
normal
materials
functioning of
students (youth)

day to Conducti Monitori Increased Cost

day supervisory ng effective& ng is conducted performance of effective and
check lists efficient in effective and the project efficient project
monitoring efficient manner implementation

MONITORING AND EVALLUATION MATRIX

Level Ke Data Metho Resou Disse Res

s of the y needed d of data rces required mination at ponsible
project indicators /source of collection person
hierarchy data/

Devel Ori - -asking Depart Half Our

Reducing the rate of youth substance abuse 19

oping strong entation attendance key ment heads, yearly project group
rules and about rules informants management meeting
-
regulations and staff,
meeting -
regulation community
documented
is given for leaders,
sources
2 days material
-report resources

Givin -50 - Docum Hall, Half Gon

g life skill students Lists of ented transport cost, yearly project dar
training gain life students resources, print cost, meeting university
skill participate training
Observ Our
guideline,
-40 Atte ation, focus group
agenda holder
youth of ndance of group
book
the youth discussion,
community engaged in key informant,
gained the training interview
social skill
from the
training

Using 50 Freq Asking Comm Half Our

differential students uency, community unity leaders, yearly project group
association turn in to duration, leaders, material meeting
Co
and their intensity of observation, resources,
mmunity
differential normal contact, interview, experts,
leaders
reinforcement behavior priority of focus group university
social discussion, management,
40
interaction participant hall, cost of
youth
observation soft drinks
wash their
brain and
Reducing the rate of youth substance abuse 20

show
attitudinal
change

Establ 250 Aski Docum Studen Half Our

ishing anti- students ng key ent review, ts, yearly project group
substance become informants, focus group management meeting
abuse club members attendance discussion, staff,
of the club of participant instructors,
participant, observation, funding costs,
40
asking key religious
youths List
informants, leaders, and
establish of members
community
anti-
leaders
substance
abuse club

Open Op Lists FGD, Religi Half Our

discussion en of key informant, ous leaders, yearly project group
between discussion participant interview, parents, kids, meeting
parents and between observation material cost,
kids parents hall, logistics Co

and kids is mmunity

conducted leaders

for 2 days

Awar 258 Atte Observ Expert Half Our

eness students ndance ation, FGD, s, stationery yearly project group
creation show interview, materials, meeting
List
through behavioral documentation logistics,
of
education change transport cost,
participant
meeting hall
Yo
uths of the
Reducing the rate of youth substance abuse 21

community
reduce
using
drugs

Couns 50 List Intervi Expert Half Our

eling and students of students ew, participant s yearly project group
guidance reduce observation, (psychologists meeting
substance key and social
abusive informants workers)
behavior

Monit Da Doc Inform Supge Half Our

oring y to day umented ation gartering rvisory check yearly project group
follow up report lists meeting
Intervi
of the
Supe ew
project
rvisory
report

15.Major Activities
Activity Month 1 - month 6 Month 7- month 12

Life skill training 

Capacity building  

Peer learning session 

Expanding leisure time  

service

Controlling drug addicted 

students
Reducing the rate of youth substance abuse 22

Panel discussion 

Open discussion between  

parents and kids

Counseling and guidance  

Material and professional  

support

Group discussion 

Rental hall  

Work shop 

Direct association and 

interaction

Education  

Welcome fresh 

Therapy 

Award 

Indirect association 

Monitoring and evaluation  

Supervision 

Report 

16. Budget break down

Reducing the rate of youth substance abuse 23

IMPLEMENTING AGENCY GONDAR UNIVERSTY

PROJECT TITLE- YOUTH SUBSETANCE ABUSE REDUCTION

PROGECT

Direct cost Budget Total cost

description

1 Develop strong rules and

regulation

2 Therapy 50 per * 200 20,000.00

*2 days

3 Control addicted students 200per* 50 * 30,000.00

3 days

4 Sub total 50,000.00

5 Life skill training

6 Building capacity(personal 250per* 100 50,000.00

and social skills) * 2days

7 Well come fresh 250per* 20 * 50, 000.00

1 day

8 Peer learning secession 85per*35* 2975.00.00

3days

9 Sub total 102,975.00

10 Establishing anti- substance

abuse club

11 Material and professional 50 per * 200* 20,000.00

support 2 days
Reducing the rate of youth substance abuse 24

12 Expanding leisure time 150 per* 50* 22,500.00

services 3 days

13 Award for roll models 15 per *100 * 30,000.00

2 day

14 Stationery materials 5,000.00

15 Sub total 72, 500.00

16 Person in environment
perspective

17 Counseling 110 per *50* 11,000.00

2 days

18 Therapy 50 per* 100* 10,000.00

2 days

19 Sub total 21,000.00

20 Creating awareness

21 Education 80 per* 100* 24,000.00

3 days

22 Panel discussion 50 per *200* 20,000.00

2 days

23 Group discussion 80per * 50 * 3 12,000.00

days

24 Rent hall 10,000.00

25 Soft drinks 30,000.00

26 Transport cost 50,000.00

27 Logistics 15,000.00
Reducing the rate of youth substance abuse 25

28 Sub total 161,000.00

29 Using differential association

and differential reinforcement
method

30 Direct association and 50 per *100* 15,000.00

interaction 3 days

31 Indirect association and 25 per * 50 *4 5,000.00

interaction days

32 Control group 10 per* 20* 2 400.00

days

33 Experimental group 15 per * 20* 2 600.00

days

34 Sub total 25,000.00

35 Open discussion between

parents and kids

36 Meetings and conferences 75 per *50* 2 7,500.00

days

37 Workshop 50 per 50 * 2 5,000.00

days

38 Supervision 20 per * 100* 4,000.00

2 days

39 Minimizing family conflict 50 per * 50* 2 5,000.00

days

40 Sub total 22,500.00

41 Contingency cost 150,000.00

 Reducing the rate of youth substance abuse 26

42 Total budget 604975.00

17. References

Abebaw F., Atalay A., and Hanlon C., (2009). Alcohol and Drug and Drug Abuse in Ethiopia: past,

present, and future. African Journal of Drug and Alcohol studies, 6(1), 2007.

Abraham H. and yeshigettaw G. (2003).Khat chewing and its socio- demographic correlates

among the staff of Jimma University. Ethiopia. J. Health Dev. 2004; 18(3)
Reducing the rate of youth substance abuse 27

Efrem M., (2005). Youth Substance Abuse and associated risks on Gondar university students.

Eneh, A. U, &Stanly,p.c(2004). Pattern of substance use among secondary school students in

Revers state, Nigeria.Jornal of medicine, 13(1).

Gayla, M, (2001). Marijuana use among college students.College and university blog.

Levinthal, C.F (1999). DRUG behavior and modern society.Boston; Allyn& Bacon.

Okoza, J. (2009). Drug abuse among students of Ambrose All University, Ethiopia, Nigeria,

European Journal of social sciences.

Wallace, R. k & Fisher, L, E .(1987). Consciousness and behavior, Boston; Allyn& Bacon.

Contents
1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .............................................................................................................................. 1
2. Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 2
3. STATEMENT OF THE PROJECT (PROBLEM STATEMENT) ........................................................................... 2
4. Statistical evidence on substance abuse in the university and samunaber community .......................... 4
5. PROJECT JUSTFICATION ............................................................................................................................ 5
6. Problem tree ............................................................................................................................................. 6
Reducing the rate of youth substance abuse 28

7. Goal ........................................................................................................................................................... 7
7.1. Specific objective ............................................................................................................................... 6
8. Description of Direct and Indirect Beneficiaries ..................................................................................... 7
9. Strategies .................................................................................................................................................. 7
10. Lists of activities ..................................................................................................................................... 7
11. Project period ........................................................................................................................................ 8
11.1. Outputs of the project ..................................................................................................................... 8
11.2. EXPECTED OUTCOMES ................................................................................................................... 8
11.2.1. Indicators ...................................................................................................................................... 8
12. MONITORING AND EVALUATION ........................................................................................................... 9
13. SUSTANABLITY OF THE PROJECT ............................................................................................................ 9
14. RESPONSIBLITIES .................................................................................................................................. 10
15. Logical model ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….11

15. Major Activities ..................................................................................................................................... 13

16. Budget break down ............................................................................................................................... 15
17. References………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………27