1. What are the purposes of AMM, IPC and FIM?

AMM – Aircraft Maintenance Manual

- It contains a descriptive information and task procedure to accomplish maintenance

practices for aircraft system.
- It contains data necessary to service, troubleshoot, check and repair system and
equipment installed on airplane.

IPC – Illustrated Parts Catalogue

- It presents information for provisioning and requisitioning of replacement parts and
assemblies.
- It contains alpha-numeric and numeric indexes to help search for aircraft parts.
- It also contains parts and vendor’s information so that you can place spare part orders.

FIM – Fault Isolation Manual

- It presents fault isolation tree diagram for locating the cause of system faults in a
structural manner.
- It made use of arrays of fault codes each of which is characteristics to a combination of
symptoms and or flight deck effect.

2. State the faults codes and the procedure to rectify it?

Upon the receipt of fault codes from an incoming aircraft, the line maintenance engineer
should:
- Consult the FIM step-by-step troubleshooting procedure.
- Use a relevant procedure of AMM to do a test and swap components.
- Use IPC to requisition a spare component for replacement.
- With the spare at hand, use AMM procedure to remove faulty components and install a
new one.
- Sign-off the appropriate entry in the technical logbook.

3. What is the purpose of AMM, Format and content?

The publication was prepared by Boeing Commercial Airplanes in accordance with ATA100
Specification for Manufacturer’s Technical Data. It contains information required to service,
troubleshoot, functionally check, repair or replace all systems and equipment installed in the
747-400 family of airplanes.
Content 1:

- The airplanes maintenance manual is divided into chapters and group of chapters.

Content 2:

- The division of manual into chapters provides functional breakdown of the entire
airplane.
- The division of manual within each of chapter further refines the functional breakdown
using section and subject number.
- This three element numbers (xx-xx-xx), known as Assigned Subject Number (ASN), allows
the user to identify a single functional item within the wider scope of each other.

- The three elements of ASN, each contain two digits:

1) The first element corresponds to chapter or system.

2) The second element corresponds to section or sub-system.
3) The third element corresponds to subject or unit.

Content 3:

- All chapters of the maintenance manual are grouped under five major headings.
- The five major headings and their associated chapters are as below:

1) Chapter 1-4: Reserved for AMM Owner use

2) Chapter 5-12: Aircraft General Group
3) Chapter 20-49: Airframe Systems Group
4) Chapter 51-57: Structure Group
5) Chapter 70-80: Power Plant Group

Content 4:

- The aircraft maintenance manual features:

1) Description and Operation

2) Service
3) Removal and Installation
4) Testing (three levels)
4. How to ensure you find the correct and latest information?

a) Effectivity and Configuration Numbering:

- The manual information effectivity is placed in effectivity block located in the lower left
margin of each page. When a page applies to all airplanes; the word ALL will be found in
the effectivity block preceded by the AMM Owner’s three-letter code. If the information
does not apply to all airplanes, then the effectivity will be one of the types:

1) Physical description: A description of the differences that you can see.

2) Airplane effectivity numbers: The AMM Owner’s three-letter code and customer
effectivity code.

b) Revision Services:

- The maintenance manual will be kept current by Revision Services. A List of Effective
Pages (LEP) will be provided with each revision; two revision services will keep the
maintenance manual current. They are Normal and Temporary and are described below:

1) Normal Revision Service:

 AMM owners, Airplane owners and Airplane operators who have

contracted continuing normal revision service for this manual, receive
revisions three times each year dated 15th March, 15th July and 15th
November.
 The LEP is provided for each chapter, and it is located at the beginning of
the chapter for printed manuals. The list can be identified by the word
Effective Pages located at the lower right corner of the page. The pages
are numbered sequentially starting with page 1.

2) Temporary Revision Service:

 Temporary revision service to this manual will be issued as necessary to

alert airplane owner or operator of configuration differences and it
provides temporary instructions prior to the next schedule revision.
Temporary revision may also be issued as a result of an AMM owner
request for incorporation of a service bulletin. The temporary revision
data will be incorporated in the subsequent revision of the manual.
 Each temporary revision provide a set of replacement pages that remain
effect until incorporated in the next regular revision or superseded by
another temporary revision.
5. What is the definition of EWIS? State 9 of the EWIS devices

EWIS – Electrical Wiring Interconnecting System:

It means any wire, wiring devices or combination of these, including termination devices
installed in any area of aeroplane for the purpose of transmitting electrical energy, including
data and signals between two or more intended termination points.

9 Devices of EWIS:

- Wires and Cables

- Bus bar
- Connector, feed-through connector
- Connector accessories
- Electrical splice
- Label and any mean of identification
- Shields or Braids
- Cable tie devices
- Pressure seal

6. How to manage maintenance of EWIS?

i. New Philosophy: Protect, Clean as you go.

ii. EZAP- Enhanced Zonal Analysis Procedure (Enhanced Maintenance Procedure):

Have OEMs to add a protection and caution steps to AMM instructions, thus avoid
collateral damage of wiring.

iii. Structured ZIP – Zonal Inspection Procedures:

Mandate a structured inspection of wiring by zones for wiring system Health.

Provide Guidance material for General Visual Inspection (GVI) as a stand-alone GVI and
make sure that they are being adopted in practice.
7. What is the general precaution and procedures for connecting 3-phase electrical power for
the aircraft?

The general precaution and procedures for connecting 3-phase electrical power for the
aircraft is:

 Check that the external supply is compatible with the aircraft system, and is switched off.
 Check that the external plug and socket are clean, dry and undamaged.
 Connect the external plug/socket, ensuring that it is fully mated and secure. Switch on
the external power supply.
 Check the voltage and frequency of the external supply on aircraft electrical system
instruments, and perform the operations specified in the relevant Maintenance Manual
to engage external supply with the aircraft A/C system.
 To disconnect the external supply, disengage it from the aircraft A/C system. Switch off
the external power supply at source, and remove the external power plug/socket.

8. What is the general use of the external power plug the purpose of connector pins?

 XPP (External Power Plug) connect the external power cable of the aircraft. Before you
do the connection, examine the plug to ensure the plug is fit for the job.
 For D.C Power, the shorter pin connect the D.C power for operation of interlocking relay.
 For A.C Power, the receptacle is six pin type. Three of the larger pin for corresponding
power phase. The 4th larger pin for ground connection.
9. What is fire?

Fire is the combination of heat, fuel and oxygen in the correct ratio, that create combustion.
A fire can be stopped by removing one part of the triangle. The method includes smothering,
starvation and cooling. There are four classes of fire and each determine by what is burning.

 Class A: Wood, paper, cloth, textile. Natural product

 Class B: Flammable liquid and solids such as grease, oil, petrol, solvent, paint and plastic.
Man-made product.
 Class C: Electrical equipment such as fuse box, switches and appliances.
 Class D: Metal fire. The high intensity combustion metal such as magnesium, potassium,
sodium, titanium and zirconium.

Class A: Water, Foam, and Powder

Class B: Foam, Powder, CO2, BCF, and Halon

Class C: CO2, Powder, BCF, and Halon

Class D: Powder

10. What is the practice precaution in the workshop?

- No one is allowed to smoke and use naked light in the hangar or workplace.
- The greatest hazard exist when these metals are in molten state or fine powder. In
housekeeping, clean the aircraft and workplace of the metal swarf and powders.
- Switch off all unattended electrical equipment. Never overload the electrical equipment.
- Welding should only be performed at designated area.
- Keep ventilation to prevent the accumulation of flammable gasses.
- Wipe off all leakage and spillage of flammable liquid immediately. Store the materials in
approved containers only and in designated area only.
- Check the fire extinguisher periodically to ensure serviceability. Keep the emergency
path clear.

In conclusion, everybody should know the basic knowledge of fire and extinguishing
methods to handle the situation correctly when fire occurs.
11. What is the general precaution of handling hydraulic fluid?

1. Hydraulic fluids are generally flammable and should not be allowed to accumulate in
aircraft structure. Leakage of hydraulic fluid can cause for fire and should be noted
when inspecting the aircraft.
2. Hydraulic fluid may also have an adverse effect on paintwork, adhesive, sealant and
inhibitor of corrosion prevention schemes. Care should be taken not to spill these liquid,
in case it happens, mop it up and clean the affected area.
3. Hydraulic fluid maybe harmful or even toxic. If their vapours were to breathe in or they
come into contact with skin or eyes. Particular precaution should be taken for any sign
of danger to health.

12. What is the precautions and procedures for connecting external hydraulic power to an
aircraft?

Before a hydraulic system is reactivated and pressurised, it is the responsibility of the

engineer in-charge to ensure that:

1. All work on system is completed and the system is ready for operation (refer to relevant
Maintenance Manual).
2. All hydraulically operated components/control surfaces are clear of personnel and
equipment. The control surfaces position are coincide with the corresponding control
handle/switch. The gear door control handle/ switches are coincide with the door
position.
3. Adequate staffs are positioned strategically around aircraft or system to observe, and
ensure non-relative personnel and equipment are kept clear of these areas.
4. To prevent contamination of the hydraulic system, use clean equipment when you do
the servicing of the hydraulic reservoir. Damage to hydraulic system can occur.
5. Switch on the electrical power to check all the instruments and indication lights to
ensure they are operative. Then the engineer in-charge shall proceeds to activate the
hydraulic system.
13. List out the precautions for aircraft during refuelling

On all types of aircraft:

1. All the connections between ground equipment and aircraft should be made before the
fuelling equipment is connected. It should not be broken until the fuelling is completed.
2. All hand torches, inspection lamps and their cable connection used within the fuelling
zones should be certified flameproof or intrinsically safe type.
3. Aircraft should not be fuelled within 30m (100ft.) from active radar under test or in use
in aircraft or ground installation.
4. When any part of an aircraft landing gear appears to be overheated, fuelling should not
take place until the heat has been dissipated.
5. Also the use of photographic flash bulb and electronic flash equipment within 6m (20ft.)
from filing or venting points of aircraft or fuelling equipment should not be permitted.

On all large transport aircraft:

1. Move chock a short distance away from tires to prevent them from being trapped when
the tires absorb the additional weight.
2. Close any overwing entry door and preferably all doors.

14. List the operation procedure of refuelling

1. Connect bonding cable.

2. Connect the fuel hose to the fuel receptacle adapter. Test pull the receptacle to make
sure it is fully attached.
3. At the refuel control panel, perform the light test and valve test.
15. Describe the pre-towing checks

Before towing is commence,

1. Ensure that the landing gear ground locks and wheel chocks are installed.
2. If applicable, disconnect or disable the nose gear steering (usually by inserting a
lockout pin or by tripping the associated circuit breaker). Check the nose gear shock
absorber for normal extension.
3. In addition, check the break pressure and if necessary, build up to the minimum safe
pressure.
4. If it is likely to be necessary to turn nose wheel through a greater angle than the
prescribed steering limit, then free the nose wheel by removing the apex pin from
the torque links; thus allowing the nose wheel complete freedom of movement. Pay
particular attention to any limits imposed on aircraft having bogie gears.
5. Check the telephone communication is established between the brake keepers,
towing supervisor and tractor driver.

16. Suppose under normal condition, how to perform an aircraft towing?

1. Release the aircraft break before the tractor moves off. Keep the towing speed down
to safe speed.
2. Keep the radii of turns as large as possible to minimise the tire scrubbing and twisting
loads on the main gear legs.
3. Take care not to exceed any towing force limits which may be specified in the
relevant maintenance manual for various nose wheel steering angles.
4. Before stopping, tow the aircraft in a straight line for a short distance in order to
remove any tire stresses imposed by turning.
5. Once stationary, apply the aircraft brake. Remove the tractor and tow bar. Re-fit the
nose wheel steering links and safety lock.
 17. When using hand tools, list at least 5 causes of tool marks?

 Use of pliers on finished machine parts.

 Using a coarse cut file for surface finishes.
 Using cutting tools with incorrect cutting angles.
 Using riveting set too large or too small in riveting.
 Making a hole without de-burring.
 Slip of the drill point during drilling.

18. Precision Tools:

 Observe the company rule for instrument calibration.

 Never drop or throw them into the toolbox.
 Always use a light touch and avoid excessive clamping pressure.
 Check the instruments periodically for accuracy.
 Keep the instruments in its own case or wrap it in soft cloth and put it in a special
compartment.

a) Release the aircraft brake before the tractor moves off. Keep the towing speed down to a
safe speed.
b) Keep the radii of turns as large as possible in order to minimise the tire scrubbing and
twisting loads on main gear legs.
c) Take care not to exceed any towing force limits which may be specified in the relevant
maintenance manual for various nose wheel steering angles.
d) Before stopping, tow the aircraft in a straight line for a short distance in order to remove any
tire stresses imposed by turning.
e) Once stationary, apply the aircraft brake. Remove the tractor and tow bar. Re-fit the nose
wheel steering links and safety lock.

Before towing is commenced,

a) Ensure that the landing gear ground locks and wheel chocks are installed.
b) If applicable, disconnect or disable the nose gear steering (usually by inserting lockout pin or
by tripping the associated circuit breaker). Check the nose gear shock absorber for normal
extension.
c) In addition, check the brake pressure and if necessary build up to the minimum safe
pressure.
d) If it is likely to be necessary to turn the nose wheel through a greater angle than prescribed
steering limits, then free the nose wheel by removing the apex pin from the torque links.
Thus allowing the nose wheel complete freedom of movement. Pay particular attention to
any limits imposed on aircraft bogie gears.
e) Check that the telephone communication is established between the brake keepers, towing
supervisor and tractor driver.

On all type of aircraft;

- All the connections between ground equipment and aircraft should be made before the
fuelling equipment is connected and it should not be broken until the fuelling is
completed.
- All hand torches, inspection lamps, and their cable connection used within the fuelling
zones should be certified flameproof or intrinsically safe type.
- Aircraft should not be fuelled within 30m (100ft) of active radar equipment under tests
or in use in aircraft or ground installations.
- When any part of an aircraft landing gear appears to be overheated, fuelling should not
take place until the heat has been dissipated.
- Also the use of photographic flash bulb and electronic flash equipment within 6m (20ft)
of filling or venting points of aircraft or fuelling equipment should not be permitted.

On large transport aircraft;

- Move the wheel chocks a short distance away from the tires to prevent them from being
trapped when the tire absorb the additional weight.
- Close any overwing entry door and preferably all doors.

- Connect bonding cable

- Connect the fuel hose to the fuel receptacle adapter, test pull the receptacle to make
sure it is fully attached.
- At the refuel control panel, perform the light test and valves test.