CONTENTS

 Introduction
 Block diagram
 Hardware components
 Project description
 Binary ripple counter(CD4060)
 Battery
 LDR
 Silicon transistor (BC548)
 Microcontroller
 Modem (GSM)
 Relay and Buzzer
 Working of project

1
INTRODUCTION
The electronic eye security controlled system is founded in year 1997
and base of operations in New Delhi. There are four kinds of
organisations under these systems namely electronic eye Pvt. Ltd.,
electronic eye systems, Indian institute of science and technology
and Mahi Exims. Electronic eye creates a complete collection of
surveillance products and high-tech security. These systems work on
integration of system and project execution at customers place for
numerous surveillance products.

Magic eye or electron eye is a one type of

electronic device, used to watch continuously if any person is visiting
your home. Nowadays, automation is developing technology. For
instance, a doorbell that continuously generates ringtones when an
unauthorised person visits your home. This system gives security for
homes when any unauthorised person is trying to enter your home
without your consent. This project gives an overview of electronic
eye security control system project and its working.

2
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF ELECTRONIC EYE CONTROLLED
SECURITY SYSTEM

The block diagram of the electronic eye security control system

mainly includes Battery, Slide switch, LDR, Ripple Counter IC,
Transistor, Buzzer, Relay, Bulb, Diode, Transformer, Capacitor and
Resistor. The main principle of this Electronic eye security control
system project is to give a buzzer when there is any person at the
door entrance. When the light falls on the LDR tells whether a person
at the door entrance is present or not. Whenever there is any object
placed at the entrance of the door, light dependent resistor is in dark
and gives the buzzer and the LED starts blinking.

3
HARDWARE COMPONENTS
 Transformer
 Rectifier Regulator
 Battery
 LDR
 Microcontroller/ binary counter
 Modem GSM
 Silicon transistor
 Buzzer
 Relay

4
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
The main concept of this project is to design an Electronic Eye
Security Controlled System for homes and public places like banks,
malls, etc. This project uses a LDR sensor to sense the intensity of
light and produces an alarm for representing thefts, and also
switches ON the lights.

This electronic security system is placed inside lockers and cash

boxes in such a way that if an unauthorized person tries to open the
locker door and uses a torch light to find the valuable things. The
torch light falls on the electronic eye gives a signal to the buzzer.
This project can be designed to secure lockers and cash boxes where
security is needed like homes, banks, etc. This project uses a 14-
stage-ripple-binary counter to detect the intensity of light through
the light dependent resistor. The relay driver is connected with
the binary counter to control the different loads. The buzzer is
attached to the circuit using a transistor to give an indication to the
users.

Electronic Eye Controlled Security System Project Kit

5
Whenever an intensity of light falls on the LDR then the resistance of
this LDR will decrease, and thus, the ripple counter triggers the
transistors. Also, these transistors trigger the buzzer and load
connected to the relay to indicate a theft.
Furthermore, this Electronic eye security control system project can
be enhanced by using a microcontroller and a GSM modem.
The GSM based home security system can be interfaced with the
microcontroller to send & receive an SMS to the authorized person in
case of robbery.
Therefore, this is all about electronic eye controlled security system
using LDR, and the applications of this project mainly include door
bell circuits, garage door opening circuits and security applications.

6
CD4060 (Binary ripple counter)

 CD4060 consists of an oscillator section and 14 ripple carry

binary counter stages.
 The oscillator configuration allows design of either RC or crystal
oscillator circuits.
 A RESET input is provided which resets the counter to the all
O’s state and disables the oscillator.
 All counter stages are master slave flip-flops. All inputs and
outputs are fully buffered.
 Schmitt trigger action on the input pulse line permits unlimited
input pulse rise and fall time

7
 Features

 High Voltage Type (20V Rating)

 Common Reset
 12MHz Clock Rate at 15V
 Fully Static Operation
 Buffered Inputs and Outputs
 Schmitt Trigger Input Pulse Line
 Standardized, Symmetrical Output Characteristics
 100% Tested for Quiescent Current at 20V
 5V, 10V and 15V Parametric Ratings

8
BATTERY

 An electrical battery is a combination of one or more

electrochemical cells, used to convert stored chemical energy
into electrical energy.
 The battery has become a common power source for many
household, robotics and industrial applications.
 Larger batteries provide standby power for telephone
exchanges or computer data centers

9
LDR (Light dependent resistor)
 A photo resistor or light dependent resistor (LDR) is a
Resistor whose resistance decreases with increasing incident
light intensity. It can also be referred to as photoconductor.
 If light falling on the device, the photons absorbed by the
Semiconductor give bound electrons enough energy to jump
Into the conduction band.
 The resulting free electron (and its hole partner) conduct
electricity, thereby lowering resistance

10
A photoelectric device can be either intrinsic or extrinsic. An
intrinsic semiconductor has its own charge carriers and is not an
efficient semiconductor, e.g. silicon.

 Extrinsic devices have impurities, also called dopants, added

whose ground state energy is closer to the conduction band;
since the electrons do not have as far to jump, lower energy
photons (i.e., longer wavelengths and lower frequencies) are
sufficient to trigger the device.
 Example of extrinsic devices is phosphorous atoms

11
SILICON TRANSISTOR (BC548)
 The BC548 transistor is an NPN Epitaxial Silicon Transistor.

 The BC548 transistor is a general-purpose transistor in small

plastic packages.

 It is used in general-purpose switching and amplification

BC848/BC548 series 45 V, 100 mA NPN general-purpose
transistors.

 Whenever base is high, then current starts flowing through

base and emitter and after that only current will pass from
collector to emitter

12
RELAY
 It is a electromagnetic switch

 Used to control the electrical devices

 Copper core magnetic flux plays main role here

13
 The relay's switch connections are usually labeled COM, NC and
NO:

 COM = Common, always connect to this; it is the moving part of

the itch.

 NC = Normally Closed, COM is connected to this when the relay

coil is off.

 NO = Normally Open, COM is connected to this when the relay

coil is on

14
BUZZER
Piezo Buzzer

 This buzzer is an piezo type audio signaling device, which has a

piezo element and a oscillating circuit inside which oscillates
the piezo brass base plate, which when given voltage difference
produces sound of a predefined frequency.

Features

 These high reliability piezo buzzers are applicable to general

electronics equipment.

 Compact, pin terminal type Piezo buzzer with 4 KHz output.

 Pin type terminal construction enables direct mounting onto

Printed circuit board.

15
WORKING OF PROJECT
 If the cash box is in closed condition the interior will be dark.
Hence in the dark, LDR1 resets CD4060 and it stops oscillating
and counting.

 So neither the piezobuzzer sounds, nor the relay energizes,

indicating that the cash box is closed.

 If someone tries to open the door of the cash box, light most
probably from the burglar’s pen torch falls on LDR fitted into
the cash box. As a result, LDR conducts and goes low

 Hence pin 14 of IC1 goes high for two seconds after the door is
opened and goes low for another two seconds. So the
piezobuzzer (PZ1) sounds for two seconds and then falls silent
for the following two seconds. This cycle repeats until the cash
box is closed.

16
MICROCONTROLLER
A microcontroller is a single chip containing at least a CPU, non-
volatile memory, volatile memory, a timer and an I/O control unit.
Basically a microcontroller can be described as a computer on a chip.
The difference between a microcontroller and a regular PC is that the
PC is a general purpose computer while a microcontroller is a
computer dedicated to one or just a few tasks.

A microcontroller apart from the above mentioned components

usually also include, but not limited to, serial communication
capabilities, interrupt controls and analog I/O capabilities.

Volatile Memory - This is memory used by ht microcontroller for

temporary data storage, system setup and peripherals
configurations. Memory in this category includes SRAM and DRAM.
AVR microcontrollers utilize SRAM.

Microcontroller Components/Peripherals

Processor - The processor refers to the Central Processing Unit (CPU)

of the microcontroller. It contains the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU),
Control Unit, Instruction Decoder and some Special Registers (Stack
Pointer, Status Register, Program Counter, etc.).

Non-Volatile Memory - This is memory used by the microcontroller

to store programs. Data can also be stored in this memory but the
access time is much slower than that of RAM. Memory in this
category includes ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM and FLASH. The
AVR microcontrollers utilize Flash for program storage, some AVR

17
Controllers contains a bit of EEPROM as well.

Timer Module - Most microcontrollers have at least one

timer/counter peripheral. Timer/Counter modules are used to
perform timing or counting operations in the controller. These
include time stamping, measuring intervals, counting events, etc.

Interrupt Module - Interrupts enable the microcontroller to monitor

certain events in the background while executing and application
program and react to the event if necessary pausing the original
program. This is all coordinated by the interrupt module.

Digital I/O Module - This module allows digital/logic communication

with the microcontroller and the external world. Communication
signals are that of TTL or CMOS logic.

Analog I/O Modules - These modules are use to input/output analog

information from/to the external world. Analog modules
include Analog Comparators and Analog-to-Digital Converters.

Serial Modules - These modules are used for serial communication

with the external world. An example is the USART peripheral which
utilizes the RS232 standard.

18
GSM Modem
GSM is a mobile communication modem; it is stands for global
system for mobile communication (GSM). The idea of GSM was
developed at Bell Laboratories in 1970. It is widely used mobile
communication system in the world. GSM is an open and digital
cellular technology used for transmitting mobile voice and data
services operates at the 850MHz, 900MHz, 1800MHz and 1900MHz
frequency bands.

GSM system was developed as a digital system using time division

multiple access (TDMA) technique for communication purpose. A
GSM digitizes and reduces the data, then sends it down through a
channel with two different streams of client data, each in its own
particular time slot. The digital system has an ability to carry 64 kbps
to 120 Mbps of data rates.

GSM modem

There are various cell sizes in a GSM system such as macro, micro,
pico and umbrella cells. Each cell varies as per the implementation
domain. There are five different cell sizes in a GSM network macro,
micro, pico and umbrella cells. The coverage area of each cell varies
according to the implementation environment.

19
Features of GSM Module:

 Improved spectrum efficiency

 International roaming
 Compatibility with integrated services digital network (ISDN)
 Support for new services.
 SIM phonebook management
 Fixed dialing number (FDN)
 Real time clock with alarm management
 High-quality speech
 Uses encryption to make phone calls more secure
 Short message service (SMS)

20
Applications of electronic eye controlled security
system
Mainly used for security system
Used in banks, industries, jewellery shops etc
used in garages
used in ship confinements

21