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The Mole
6.02 X 10 23
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STOICHIOMETRY
- the study of the
quantitative
aspects of
chemical
reactions.
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The Mole
mole (mol)
• is the amount of a
substance that contains as
many elementary entities
(atoms, molecules, or
other particles) as there
are atoms in exactly 12 g
(or 0.012 kg) of the
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The Mole
• Similar to a dozen, except instead
of 12, it’s 602 billion trillion
602,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
• 6.02 X 1023 (in scientific notation)
• This number is named in honor of
Amedeo Avogadro (1776 – 1856),
who studied quantities of gases
and discovered that no matter what
the gas was, there were the same
number of molecules present
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Just How Big is a Mole?
• Enough soft drink cans to cover the
surface of the earth to a depth of
over 200 miles.
• If we were able to count atoms at the
rate of 10 million per second, it
would take about 2 billion years to
count the atoms in one mole.
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The Mole
• 1 dozen cookies = 12 cookies
• 1 mole of cookies = 6.02 X 1023 cookies
1 mole
6.02 x 1023 particles
Learning Check
Molar Mass
• The Mass of 1 mole (in grams)
• Equal to the numerical value of the average
atomic mass (get from periodic table)
1 mole of C atoms = 12.0 g
1 mole of Mg atoms = 24.3 g
1 mole of Cu atoms = 63.5 g
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Learning Check!
Find the molar mass
(usually we round to the tenths place)
molar mass
Grams Moles
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3.00 moles Al ? g Al
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Calculations
Example
• Sulfur (S) is a nonmetallic element that
is present in coal. When coal is burned,
sulfur is converted to sulfur dioxide and
eventually to sulfuric acid that gives rise
to the acid rain phenomenon. How
many atoms are in 16.3 g of S?
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Solution
• We need two conversions: first from
grams to moles and then from moles to
number of particles (atoms).
1 mol S = 32.07 g S
• Avogadro’s number is the key to the
second step.
• 1 mol = 6.022 x 1023 particles (atoms)
Stoichiometry
• By combining our abilities to balance
equations and do simple unit
conversions, we can now complete
stoichiometry problems (mass to mass
conversions)
• Chemical reactions stop when one of
the reactants is used up.
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Stoichiometry
• Stoichiometry problems consist of predicting
the amount of grams of product that will form
from a reaction if you know how many grams of
reactant you have, or predicting the number of
grams of reactant that will be needed to
produce a certain amount of product.
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Mole-Mole Calculations
• How many moles of water can be obtained
from the reaction of 4 moles of O2?
2 H2 (g) + 1 O2 (g) → 2 H2O (g)
Mole Ratio
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__ 1 N2 (g) → __
3 H2 (g) + __ 2 NH3 (g)
Mole Ratio
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Mole-Mass Calculations
2 Al (s) + 6 HCl (aq) → 2 AlCl3 (aq) + 3 H2 (g)
• What mass of hydrogen gas can be produced by
reacting 6 moles of aluminum with HCl?
= 117.5 g
Molar Mass
SnF2 Molar Mass
Mole Ratio
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