Drug Cards

Classification - angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (high blood pressure medication)
Generic and trade name –Accupril /Quinapril hydrochloride
Action/ therapeutic effects - decreasing certain chemicals that tighten the blood vessels, so blood flows
more smoothly and the heart can pump blood more efficiently
Expected side effects –dizziness, excessive tiredness, cough, upset stomach, vomiting
Adverse side effects – swelling, hoarseness, difficulty breathing, yellowing of the skin or eyes, chest
pain, light headness, fainting
Parameters/ nursing considerations
Labs
Adult dosage ranges/ route - The recommended initial dose of quinapril in patients not on diuretics is
10 mg once daily. An initial dose of 20 mg once daily can be considered for patients without advanced
age, renal impairment, or concomitant heart failure and who are not volume depleted (see Precautions,
Hypotension). Dosage should be adjusted according to blood pressure response, generally at intervals of
2 to 4 weeks. A dose of 40 mg daily should not be exceeded (tablets)
Classification - analgesics (pain relievers) and antipyretics (fever reducers)
Generic and trade name – acetaminophen / Tylenol
Action/ therapeutic effects - relieve mild to moderate pain from headaches, muscle aches, menstrual
periods, colds and sore throats, toothaches, backaches, and reactions to vaccinations (shots), and to
reduce fever. Acetaminophen may also be used to relieve the pain of osteoarthritis (arthritis caused by
the breakdown of the lining of the joints)
Expected side effects -
Adverse side effects - Few when taken in usual therapeutic doses; GI upset in some; Chronic and even
acute toxicity can develop after long symptom-free usage
Parameters/ nursing considerations - Do not exceed more than 4 grams/day in adults and 75
mg/kg/day in children; do not take for >5 days (children), >10 days (adults), and >3days (adult or child
fever) without consulting provider; monitor chem. studies with long-term usage; take as directed with
milk or water to decrease GI upset; report paleness, weakness and heartbeat skip (hemolytic anemia)
Labs
Adult dosage ranges/ route- Liquid suspension, chewable tablets, coated caplets, gelcaps, geltabs, and
suppositories. Common dosages are 325, 500 and 650 mg
Classification - bronchodilators
Generic and trade name – Albuterol / Accuneb, ProAir HFA, Proventil
Action/ therapeutic effects - Albuterol is used to prevent and treat wheezing, difficulty breathing and
chest tightness caused by lung diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.It
works by relaxing and opening the air passages to the lungs to make breathing easier
Expected side effects – nervousness, shakiness, dizziness, headache, muscle cramps, sudden mood
changes, nosebleed, nausea, increased/decreased appetite,
Adverse side effects – irregular heartbeat, chest pain, fever, rash, hives, itching, swelling of face,
increased difficulty breathing, hoarseness
Parameters/ nursing considerations – assess lung sounds, pulse, and blood pressure before
administration, and during peak of medication. Note amount, color, and character of sputum produced.
Monitor pulmonary function tests before initiating therapy and periodically during therapy to determine
effectiveness of medication. Observe for paradoxical bronchospasm (wheezing). If condition occurs,
withhold medication and notify physician or other healthcare professional immediately.
Labs – May cause transient ↓in serum potassium concentrations with nebulization or higher-than-
recommended doses
Adult dosage ranges/ route – 2.5mg/ 0.5 ml, NIH, every 6 hours per route
Classification - novel erythropoiesis stimulating protein
Generic and trade name – Aranesp/ darbepoetin alfa
Action/ therapeutic effects - Erythropoietin is a glycoprotein produced in the kidney, which stimulates
the division and differentiation of committed erythroid progenitors in the bone marrow. Darbepoetin
alfa is an analogue of human erythropoietin produced in Chinese Hamster ovary cells by recombinant
DNA technology. The final molecule is a recombinant 165 amino acid glycoprotein with additional N- and
O-linked oligosaccharide chains as compared to endogenous erythropoietin, but it stimulates
erythropoiesis by the same mechanism as the natural one. The high number of sialic acid (bonded by the
extra chains) moieties in darbepoetin alfa results in a prolonged half- life and permits a reduction in the
frequency of administration. Darbepoetin alfa is used for the non-emergency increase/maintenance of
red cell levels, and to decrease the need for transfusions in patients who do not have other reversible
anemias such as iron or folate deficiencies, hemolysis or gastrointestinal bleeding.
Expected side effects
Adverse side effects
Labs
Adult dosage ranges/ route
Classification – Anti – alzheimers agents, cholinergics
Generic and trade name – Aricept / donepezil
Action/ therapeutic effects – Inhibits acettlcholinesterase thus improving cholinergic function by

making more acetylcholine available. May temporarily lesson some of the dementia associated with
alzheimers disease. Enhance cognition.
Expected side effects – Headache, diarrhea, nausea
Parameters/ nursing considerations – Assess cognitive function, heart rate, may cause bradycardia
Labs – none for this medicine
Adult dosage ranges/ route – 10 mg by mouth daily. Normal range 5-10 mg
Classification - Nonsteroidal, anti-inflammatory drug, analgesic, antipyreti
Generic and trade name – aspirin/ Empirin, Genprin, Genuine Bayer Aspirin, Maximum Bayer Aspirin,
Extended release Bayer 8-hour caplets, ZORprin, Easprin
Action/ therapeutic effects - Exhibits antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effects; Antipyretic
due to an action on the hypothalamus, resulting in heat loss by vasodilation of peripheral blood vessels
and promoting sweating; Anti-inflammatory mediated through inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase, which
results in a decrease in prostaglandin synthesis and other mediators of pain response
Adverse side effects - Dyspepsia, nausea, epigastric, discomfort
Parameters/ nursing considerations - Enteric-coated or buffered tablets better tolerated by some; take
with full glass of water; use epinephrine to counteract hypersensitivity; take temperature 1 hour after
administering; note if asthma, hay fever, ulcer disease or nasal polyps; take as directed; administer with
meals and glass of water
Labs
Adult dosage ranges/ route - Caplets, gum, suppositories, tablets, chewable tablets, coated tablets,
delayed-release tablets, effervescent tablets, enteric-coated tablets. 325-500 mg q 3 hr, 325-600 mg q 4
hr, or 650-1,000 mg q 6 hr
Classification – Antianginal, Antihypertensive

Generic and trade name – atenolol/ Tenolin , Tenormin
Action/ therapeutic effects - Blocks beta-adrenergic receptors of the sympathetic nervous system in the
heart and juxtaglomerular apparatus (kidney), thus decreasing the excitability of the heart, decreasing
cardiac output and oxygen consumption, decreasing the release of renin from the kidney, and lowering
blood pressure
Parameters/ nursing considerations - Baseline weight, skin condition, neurologic status, P, BP, ECG,
respiratory status, kidney and thyroid function, blood and urine glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides
Labs - Possible false results with glucose or insulin tolerance tests
Adult dosage ranges/ route - Tablets—25, 50, 100 mg; injection—5 mg/10 mL. Initially, 50 mg PO once a
day; after 1–2 wk, dose may be increased to 100 mg/day
Classification – Anti–anxiety agents
Generic and trade name – ativan/ lorazepam
Action/ therapeutic effects - antianxiety agent that also causes mild suppression of REM sleep, while
increasing total sleep time
Expected side effects – dizziness, drowsiness, lethargy, headache, nausea, vomitting
Adverse side effects - cardiac arrest, bradycardia, hypotension, paradoxical excitation
Parameters/ nursing considerations - Have equipment for maintaining patent airway immediately
available before starting IV administration. IM or IV injection of 2 – 4 mg is usually followed by a depth
of drowsiness or sleepiness that permits patient to respond to simple instructions whether pt appears to
be asleep or awake. Supervise ambulation of elderly pts for atleast 8 hr to prevent falling and injury
Labs - CBC and liver function
Adult dosage ranges/ route - PO/IV/IM – (0.5, 1, 2) mg tablets, 2mg/ml oral sol’n, (2mg, 4mg)/ml
injection. Antianxiety – PO – 2 – 6 mg/d in divided doses. Insomnia – PO – 2 – 4 mg at bedtime.
Premedication – IM – 2 – 4 mg (0.05 mg/kg) at least 2 hours before surgery IV – 0.044 mg/kg up to 2 mg
15 – 20 min before surgery. Status epilepticus IV – 4 mg injected slowly at 2 mg/min, may repeat dose
once if inadequate response after 10 Mins.
Classification
Generic and trade name - Bumex

Action/ therapeutic effects
Labs
Classification
Generic and trade name - cardizem
Labs
Classification – anti-rheumatics, non-steroidal anti- inflammatory agents
Generic and trade name – celebrex/ celecoxib
Action/ therapeutic effects – inhibits the enzyme COX-2. The enzyme is required for the syntehesis of
prostaglandins. Has analgesic, anti – inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. Decreased pain and
inflammation caused by arthritis. Decreased number of colorectal polyps.
Parameters/ nursing considerations – Assess ROM, degree of swelling, and pain in affected joints
before and periodically throughout therapy. Assess patient for allergy to sulfonamides, aspirin, or
NSAID’s. Patients with these allergies should not receive celecoxib
Labs – May cause ↑AST and ALT levels. May cause hypophosphatemia and ↑ BUN.
Adult dosage ranges/ route – PO 200 mg/day as a single does or 100 mg twice daily
Classification - Quinolone, Antibiotic

Generic and trade name – cipro/ Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride
Action/ therapeutic effects -
Parameters/ nursing considerations - Increased fall risk, watch for tendon inflammation, explain to
client to avoid calcium because it decreases the levels
Labs - Liver enzymes
Adult dosage ranges/ route - Uncomplicated UTI 250 mg by mouth every 12 hours or 500 mg XR 3 times
per day. IV 200 mg every 12 hours for 7-14 days. Complicated UTI 1000 mg by mouth XR every day for 7-
14 days. IV 400 mg every 12 hours for 7-14 days
Classification- Beta – blocker, anti hypertensive
Generic and trade name – coreg/ carvedilol
Action/ therapeutic effects – Blocks stimulation of beta (myocardial) and beta₂ (pulmonary, vascular,
and uterine) – adrenergic receptor sites. Also has alpha blocking activity, which may result in orthostatic
hypotension. Decreased heart rate and blood pressure, improved cardiac output
Expected side effects –Dizziness, fatigue, weakness, diarrhea, hyperglycemia
Parameters/ nursing considerations – Monitor blood pressure and pulse frequently during dose
adjustment period and periodically during therapy. Assess for orthostatic hypotension when assisting
patient up from supine position. Monitor intake and output ratios and daily weight. Asses patient
routinely for evidence of fluid overload (peripheral edema, dyspnea, rales/ crackles, fatigue, weight gain,
jugular venous distention). Patients may experience worsening of symptoms during initiation of therapy
for CHF. Check frequency of refills to determine adherence.
Labs – May cause ↑BUN, serum lipoprotein, potassium, triglyceride, and uric acid levels. May cause ↑
ANA titers. May cause ↑ in blood glucose levels.
Adult dosage ranges/ route – 12.5 mg by mouth every day
Classification - Anticoagulant, Coumarin derivative
Generic and trade name – Coumadin/ Warfarin Sodium

Action/ therapeutic effects - Interferes with synthesis of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors resulting
in depletion of clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X; Has no direct effect on an established thrombus although
therapy may prevent further extension of a formed clot as well as secondary thomboembolic problems
Adverse side effects - Bleeding/hemorrhage is main side effect; may occur from any organ or tissue
Parameters/ nursing considerations - does not dissolve clots but decreases clotting ability of blood and
helps to prevent formation of blood clots in vessels and heart valves; avoid IM shots, activities that may
cause injury or cuts and bruises; protect from light (store at controlled room temperature); dispense in
tight light-resistant container; vial not for multiple uses; discard unused solution; note any bleeding
tendencies; determine if pregnant (may cause fetal malformations and neonatal hemorrhage)
Labs
Adult dosage ranges/ route - IV, Tablets. Init: 5-10 mg/day for 2-4 days; then adjust dose on
prothrombin or INR determinations (lower in geriatric or debilitated patients): Maintenance: 2-10
mg/day based on prothrombin or INR
Classification – opioid analgesics
Generic and trade name – darvocet / propoxyphene napsylate/ acetaminophen
Action/ therapeutic effects – mild to moderate pain, binds to opiate recpetors in the CNS alters the
perception of and response to painful stimuli, while producing generalized CNS depression
Expected side effects – dizziness, weakness, nausea
Parameters/ nursing considerations - assess type, location, and intensity of pain prior to and before 2
hr following administration. Assess bowel function routinely. Prevention of constipation should be
instituted with increased intake of fluids, bulk, and laxatives to minimize constipating effects. Stimulant
laxatives should be administered routinely if opioid use excels 2-3 days, unless contraindicated. Monitor
closely and assess fall risks
Labs – May cause increase in serum amylase and lipase levels. May cause increase in AST, ALT, serum
alkaline phosphate, LDH, and bilrubin
Adult dosage ranges/ route – 100 mg by mouth ever 4 hours PRN. 50-100 MG
Classification - Opioid analgesics
Generic and trade name – Demerol/ Meperidine hydrochloride

Action/ therapeutic effects - The action is unknown. It binds with opiate receptors in the CNS, altering
perception of and emotional response to pain
Adverse side effects - Sedation, somnolence, clouded sensorium, euphoria, dizziness, seizure, light
headedness. Bradycardia, cardiac arrest, shock. Nausea and vomiting. Respiratory depression and
respiratory arrest. diaphoresis
Parameters/ nursing considerations - Drug isnt used to treat chronic pain because of drug toxicity.
Monitor respiratory and CV status carefully. Dont give if respiration is below 12bpm, if respiratory depth
or rate is decreased, or if change in pupils is noted. Monitor bladder function. Monitor bowel function.
Patient may need laxative or stool softener
Labs
Classification - Anticonvulsant, GABA inhibitor
Generic and trade name – depakote/ Valproic Acid
Adverse side effects - Bone marrow depression, indigestion, liver failure
Parameters/ nursing considerations - Monitor for therapeutic effect, monitor patient alertness
Labs - Perform baseline platelet count, bleeding time, and serum ammonia
Adult dosage ranges/ route - Po/IV 10-15 mg/kg/per day in divided doses when total daily dose ¾250
mg, increase at 1 week intervals by 5-10 mg/kg/per day with max at 60 mg/kg/per day
Classification – Anti-anxiety drug, antimanic, benzodiazepine
Generic and trade name – Diazepam / Diastat, Intensol
Action/ therapeutic effects - Reduces anxiety by increasing or facilitating the inhibitory

neurotransmitter activity of GABA; skeletal muscle relaxant effect may be due to enhancement of GABA-
mediated pre-synaptic inhibition at the spinal level as well as in the brain stem reticular formation
Adverse side effects - Transient drowsiness, ataxia, confusion

Parameters/ nursing considerations - Except for deltoid muscle, absorption from IM sites is slow, erratic
and painful (not generally recommended); IV route preferred in convulsing client; parenteral
administration may cause bradycardia, respiratory/cardiac arrest; have emergency equipment/drugs
available; assess emotional status; note depression or drug abuse; drug acts by slowing down nervous
system; avoid alcohol
Labs
Adult dosage ranges/ route - Oral solution, Intensol Solution, Tablets, Rectal Gel; IM; IV. Anxiety: 2-10
mg 2-4 X daily: Acute alcohol withdrawal 10 mg 3-4 X the first day then 5 mg 3-4 X daily: IV/IM: 5-10 mg
IM or IV, repeat in 3-4 hrs if needed: Acute alcohol withdrawal: 10 mg IV or IM init; then 5-10 mg in 3-4
hr if needed: Status epilepticus: initial: 5-10 mg IV (preferred), may be repeated at 10-15 min intervals
up to 30 mg; may repeat therapy in 2-4 hrs
Classification - Antifungal
Generic and trade name – diflucan / Fluconazole
Action/ therapeutic effects - Is highly selective inhibitor of fungal cytochrome P450 and sterol C-14
alpha-demethylation; loss of normal sterols correlates with accumulation of 14 alpha-methyl sterols in
fungi and may be responsible for the fungistatic activity; decrease in cell wall integrity and extrusion of
intracellularmaterial, leading to death
Expected side effects - Headache, nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, angioedema
Adverse side effects - Nausea, headache, skin rash, vomiting, abdominal pain, serious hepatic reactions,
seizure
Parameters/ nursing considerations - loading dose of twice daily dose is recommended for first day to
obtain plasma levels close to steady state by second day; due to long half-life, once daily
dosing (either IV or PO) is possible; do not use IV solution if cloudy, precipitated, or seal
broken; do not exceed continuous IV infusion rate of 200 mg/hr; check site frequently for
extravasation/necrosis; describe clinical presentation of fungal infection
Labs - Monitor liver function, BUN, and Creatinine
Adult dosage ranges/ route - IV, oral suspension, tablets. Candidal UTI and peritonitis – 50-200 mg/day:
oropharyngeal or esophageal candidiasis – 150 mg as single oral dose
Classification - Cardiac glycoside
Generic and trade name – Digoxin/ Digitek, Lanoxin
Action/ therapeutic effects - Increases force and velocity of myocardial contraction (positive inotropic
effect) by increasing refractory period of the AV node and increasing total peripheral resistance; effect is
due to inhibition of Na/K-ATPase in the sarcolemmal membrane, which alters excitation-contraction
coupling; inhibiting Na/K-ATPase results in increased Ca influx and increased release of free Ca ions
within the myocardial cells, which then potentiate the contractility of cardiac muscle fibers
Adverse side effects - Tachycardia, headache, dizziness, mental disturbances, nausea & vomiting,
diarrhea, anorexia, blurred or yellowed vision
Parameters/ nursing considerations - Digoxin is not effectively removed by dialysis, by exchange

transfusion, or during cardiopulmonary bypass (most of drug is in tissues and not blood); measure
liquids precisely; protect from light; monitor closely; take after meals to lessen gastric irritation; do not
take with grapefruit juice; do not change brands (different preparations differ in bioavailability/may
cause toxicity or effect loss)
Labs
Adult dosage ranges/ route - Capsules, Elixir, Tablets. Initial: 0.4-0.6 mg initially followed by 0.1-0.3 mg
q 6-8 hr Maintenance: 0.05mg-0.35mg once or twice daily Tablets/Elixir: Initial: 0.75-1.25 mg divided
into 2 or more doses given q 6-8 hrs Maintenance: 0.125-0.5 mg/day IV: Same as tablets, then 0.125-0.5
mg/day
Classification - Anticonvulsants, Hydantoin, Anti-arrhythmic
Generic and trade name – dilantin/ Phenytoin
Action/ therapeutic effects - Decreases seizure activity by increasing efflux or decreasing influx of
sodium ions across cell membranes in the motor cortex during generation of nerve impulses; prolongs
effective refractory period and suppresses ventricular pacemaker automaticity , shortens action
potential in the heart
Adverse side effects - hallucinations, slurred speech or staggering walk, a rash, changes in vision,
agitation, low blood pressure, slow or irregular heartbeats, abdominal pain, dark urine, light colored
stools, or jaundice
Parameters/ nursing considerations - Instruct patient to take this drug as directed, with food; to follow
good oral hygiene practices; monitor serum glucose regularly as prescribed if patient is diabetic; if GI
upset occurs, frequent small meals may help; be cautious in engaging in hazardous tasks; report
difficulty of breathing, rash, unresolved nausea or vomiting, slurring speech, swollen glands, bleeding
gums, yellowish color to skin or eyes, palpitations
Labs
Adult dosage ranges/ route -Status epilepticus: IV: loading dose:15-20 mg/kg in a single or divided dose,
followed by 100-150 mg/dose at 30-minute intervals up to a maximum of 1500mg/24 hours;
Maintenance dose: 300 mg/day or 5-6 mg/kg/day in 3 divided doses or 1-2 divided doses using extended
release
Classification - Laxative, Emollient
Generic and trade name – Docusate sodium/ Colace, Dulcolax
Action/ therapeutic effects - Acts by lowering the surface tension of feces and promoting penetration
by water and fat (increases softness of fecal mass; not absorbed systematically, does not seem to
interfere with absorption of nutrients
Adverse side effects - Diarrhea, nausea & vomiting, perianal irritation, flatulence, cramps, dehydration,
electrolyte balance disturbance due to dehydration
Parameters/ nursing considerations - Drink glass of water with each dose; may take oral solutions with
milk or juice to help mask taste; may take 1-3 days to soften fecal matter due to minimally absorbing
docusate salts; assess activity levels, diet, water intake, exercise routines; have client identify habits and
BM activities; note length of time it takes for laxative to take effect; with abdominal pain and
discomfort, note location, triggers, type of discomfort, rule out other intestinal disorders/obstruction
where laxatives should not be used
Labs
Adult dosage ranges/ route - Capsules, Soft-Gel Capsules, Oral Liquid, Syrup, Tablets. Adults and
persons above 12 y/o: 50-500 mg; Under 3 y/o: 10-40mg; 3-6 y/o: 20-60 mg; 6-12 y/o: 40-120 mg
Classification -Erythropoietin, human recombinant
Generic and trade name – epogen/ epoetin alfa recombinant
Action/ therapeutic effects - Made by recombinant DNA technology; it has the identical amino acid
sequence and same biologic effects as endogenous erythropoietin (which is normally synthesized in the
kidney and stimulates RBC production); will stimulate RBC production
Adverse side effects - Hypertension, headache, fever, fatigue, N&V, diarrhea, edema, asthenia,
respiratory congestion, cough, pyrexia, rash, SOB, insomnia, pruritus, DVT (in surgery clients)
Parameters/ nursing considerations - DO NOT give with any other drug solutions; at time of SC
administration, the drug may be admixed in a syringe with bacteriostatic 0.9% NaCl injection with
benzylalcohol,0.9% at 1:1 ratio (benzyl alcohol acts as anesthetic that may reduce discomfort at the SC
site; individualize dose for each client; IV usually given as a bolus 3 times/week; during hemodialysis,
may require increased anticoagulation with heparin to prevent clotting of artificial kidney; determine
hematocrit twice weekly; if hematocrit approaches 36%, decrease dose to maintain suggested
hematocrit target range; Individualize hemoglobin target level; do not shake vial; do not use vials
showing particulate matter or discolorization
Labs
Adult dosage ranges/ route -Injection – 2000 units/mL, 3000 units/mL, 4000 units/mL, 10000 units/mL,
20000 units/mL, 40000 units/mL. IV or SC, initial – 50-100 units/kg three times per week (the rate of
increase of hematocrit depends on both dosage and client variation; Maintenance – Individualize – 25
units/kg three times a week, doses of 75-150 units/kg/week have maintained hematocrit of 36-38% for
up to 6 months in non-dialysis clients NOTE: reduce dose if hemoglobin approaches 12 grams/dL or if
hemoglobin increases by more than 1 gram/dL in any 2 week period
Classification - Blood former, Iron preparation
Generic and trade name – ferrous sulfate/ Feosol
Adverse side effects - Constipation, discoloration of eyes and teeth, black stools
Parameters/ nursing considerations - Monitor bowel movements as constipation is a common adverse

effect
Labs - Monitor Hgb and reticulocyte values during therapy
Adult dosage ranges/ route - PO 750-1500 mg per day on 1-3 divided doses
Classification - Diuretic, loop
Generic and trade name – Furosemide/ Lasix
Action/ therapeutic effects - Inhibits the reabsorption of Na+ and Cl- in the proximal, distal tubes and
the ascending Loop of Henle resulting in the excretion of Na, Cl, and, to a lesser degree, K and I
carbonate ions; resulting urine is more acidic; diuretic action independent of changes in clients’ acid-
base balance; has slight antihypertensive effect
Adverse side effects - Jaundice, hearing impairment, hypotension, water/electrolyte depletion,

pancreatitis, abdominal pain, dizziness, anemia
Parameters/ nursing considerations - Is a potent diuretic; excess amounts can lead to profound diuresis
with water and electrolyte depletion; individualize dosage; do not confuse Lasix with Lanoxin; food
decreases bioavailability and ultimately the degree of diuresis; give IV injections slowly over 1-2 min;
with renal impairment or if receiving other oxotoxic drugs, observe for oxotoxicity; assess closely for
signs of vascular thrombosis
Labs -
Adult dosage ranges/ route - Oral Solution; Tablets; IV; IM. Edema: Initially, 20 – 80 mg/day as single
dose; can be increased by 20-40 mg q 6-8 hrs until desired diuretic response is obtained: Hypertension:
40 mg twice daily: HTN: 2-2.5 grams/day IM; IV: Initial 20-40 mg (if no improvement, after 2 hrs increase
in 20 mg increments) IV: 40 mg slowly over 1-2 min (if inadequate after 1 hr, give 80 mg slowly over 1-2
min)
Classification
Generic and trade name - glyburide
Labs
Classification - Oral Antidiabetic, Biguanide
Generic and trade name – glucophage/ metformin hydrochloride
Action/ therapeutic effects - Decreases hepatic glucose production, decreases intestinal absorption
ofglucose, increases peripheral uptake and utilization of glucose; does not cause hypoglycemia in either
diabetic or nondiabetic clients, and does not cause hyperinsulinemia; insulin secretion remains
unchanged, while fasting insulin levels and day-long plasma insulin response may decrease
Expected side effects - Headache, dizziness, agitation, and fatigue
Adverse side effects - Lactic acidosis, hypoglycemia, diarrhea, nausea & vomiting, asthenia, flatulence,
headache, abdominal pain/discomfort
Parameters/ nursing considerations - do not confuse Glucophage with Glucovance; individualize dosage
based on tolerance and effectiveness; give with meals and start at a low dose with gradual escalation
(will reduce GI side effects); may safely switch from metformin to metformin extended-release; may
cause a metallic taste (will subside)
Labs - Obtain baseline and periodic kidney and liver function tests; drug contraindicated in the presence
of renal or hepatic insufficiency. Monitor blood glucose and HbA1C, and lipid profile periodically
Adult dosage ranges/ route - Oral Solution, Tablets, Extended-Release Tablets. Oral Solution: Adult up
to 2,550 mg/day; child up to 2,000 mg/day Tablets: Start dose 500 mg twice daily with food; dosage
increases may be made in 500 mg every week, divided doses, up to maximum of 2,500 mg; If 2,500 mg
needed, may be tolerable in 3 equal doses daily
Classification – antibiotic, Aminoglycoside
Generic and trade name – gentamicin / Alcomicin
Action/ therapeutic effects - Aminoglycosides like gentamicin "irreversibly" bind to specific 30S-subunit
proteins and 16S rRNA. Specifically gentamicin binds to four nucleotides of 16S rRNA and a single amino
acid of protein S12. This interferes with decoding site in the vicinity of nucleotide 1400 in 16S rRNA of
30S subunit. This region interacts with the wobble base in the anticodon of tRNA. This leads to
interference with the initiation complex, misreading of mRNA so incorrect amino acids are inserted into
the polypeptide leading to nonfunctional or toxic peptides and the breakup of polysomes into
nonfunctional monosomes
Expected side effects – nausea, vomiting, dizziness
Parameters/ nursing considerations - Give by IM route if at all possible; give by deep IM injection.
Culture infected area before therapy. Use 2 mg/mL intrathecal preparation without preservatives, for
intrathecal use. Avoid long-term therapies because of increased risk of toxicities. Reduction in dose may
be clinically indicated. Patients with edema or ascites may have lower peak concentrations due to
expanded extracellular fluid volume. Cleanse area before application of dermatologic preparations.
Ensure adequate hydration of patient before and during therapy. Monitor renal function tests, CBCs,
serum drug levels during long-term therapy. Consult with prescriber to adjust dosage
Labs
Adult dosage ranges/ route - Injection—10, 40 mg/mL; ophthalmic solution—3 mg/mL; ophthalmic
ointment— 3 mg/g; topical ointment—0.1%; topical cream—0.1%; ointment—1 mg; cream—1 mg. 3
mg/kg/day in 3 equal doses q 8 hr IM or IV. Up to 5 mg/kg/day in 3–4 equal doses in severe infections.
For IV use, a loading dose of 1–2 mg/kg may be infused over 30–60 min, followed by a maintenance
dose, usually for 7–10 days
Classification - Anticoagulant
Generic and trade name – Heparin/ Ariven

Action/ therapeutic effects - The mechanism of action of heparin is antithrombin-dependent. It acts
mainly by accelerating the rate of the neutralization of certain activated coagulation factors by
antithrombin, but other mechanisms may also be involved. The antithrombotic effect of heparin is well
correlated to the inhibition of factor Xa. Heparin interacts with antithrombin III, prothrombin and factor
X
Adverse side effects – Necrosis, transient alopecia, urticaria
Labs
Adult dosage ranges/ route - Subcutaneous 10,000 to 20,000 unit as initial dose followed by 8000 to
20,000 unit every 8 to 12 h. Intermittent IV 10,000 unit as initial dose followed by 5,000 to 10,000 unit
every 4 to 6 h. IV infusion 20,000 to 40,000 unit/day
Classification - Electrolytic and water balance agent, Diuretic
Generic and trade name –hydrochlorthiazide/ HCTZ, Oretic, Esidrix
Action/ therapeutic effects -
Expected side effects - dizziness, nausea, vomiting, drymouth, headache
Adverse side effects - Mood changes, unusual tiredness or weakness, dizziness, light-headedness,
paresthesias
Parameters/ nursing considerations - Check BP before initiation of therapy and at regular intervals.
Monitor closely for hypokalemia; it increases the risk of digoxin toxicity. Monitor I&O and check for
edema. Drug may cause hyperglycemia and loss of glycemic control in diabetics. Drug may cause
orthostatic hypotension, dizziness
Labs - Baseline and periodic determinations of serum electrolytes, blood counts, BUN, blood glucose,
uric acid, CO2, are recommended
Adult dosage ranges/ route - PO 25±200 mg/d in 1±3 divided doses
Classification - Insulin, rDNA origin
Generic and trade name – Lantus / insulin glargine
Action/ therapeutic effects - Long-acting recombinant human insulin analog; differs from human insulin
in that the amino acid asparagine is replaced by glycine and two arginines are added to the C-terminus
of the B-chain; is designed to have low aqueous solubility at neutral pH; at pH 4, it is completely soluble;
allows a relatively constant concentration/time profile over 24 hr with no pronounced peak
Adverse side effects - Hypoglycemia, hypokalemia, injection site reaction, lipodystrophy, pruritus, rash
Parameters/ nursing considerations - given once daily at night; rotate sites; do not dilute or mix with
any otherinsulin solution; carry oral glucose tablets in event of hypoglycemia; monitor / record blood
sugar and assess for hypo/hyperglycemia; report any systemic rash, cough, or dizziness; continue
lifestyle changes and diabetic diet necessary to control blood sugar with diabetes; attend diabetes
education classes with spouse and keep all follow up visits to evaluate blood sugar and blood pressure
control, eye and foot exams, lower LDL and associated symptoms; use only if solution is clear and
colorless with no visible particles; syringes must not contain any other medicinal product or residue
Labs
Adult dosage ranges/ route – Injection. Dose is individualized; give once daily at bedtime; average of 10
units once daily at the same time each day, then adjust according to client need to a total daily dose
ranging from 2-100 units
Classification – Anti-infectives
Generic and trade name – Levaquin / Levofloxacin
Action/ therapeutic effects – Inhibit bacterial DNA synthesis by inhibiting DNA gyrase. Broad spectrum
for gram negative pathogens.
Expected side effects – dizziness, drowsiness, headache, insomnia, abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea
Parameters/ nursing considerations – Administration with antacids, iron salts, bismuth subsalicylate,
sucralfate, and zinc salts decreases absorption of fluroquinolones
Labs – Fluroquinolones may cause ↑serum AST, ALT LDH, bilirubin, and alkaline phosphate. May also
cause ↓ WBC;↑or↓ serum glucose; and glucosuria, hematuria, proteinuria. Monitor prothrombin
timeclosely in patients receiving fluroquinolones and warfarin, may enhance the anticoagulant effects of
warfarin
Adult dosage ranges/ route – 250 mg by mouth every day. 250-750 mg every 24 hours
Classification
Generic and trade name - Lidocaine

Labs
Classification - Antihyperlipidemic, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
Generic and trade name – Lipitor/ atorvastatin calcium
Action/ therapeutic effects - Competitively inhibits HMG-CoA reductase; this enzyme catalyzes the early
rate-limiting step in the synthesis of cholesterol; cholesterol synthesis is inhibited/decreased; decreases
cholesterol, triglycerides, VLDL, and LDL, and increases HDL
Expected side effects - Abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, dyspepsia, and flatulence
Adverse side effects - Headache, infection, diarrhea, sinusitis, myalgia
Parameters/ nursing considerations - Give as single dose at any time of the day, with or without food;
determine lipid levels within 2-4 weeks, adjust dosage accordingly; for additive effect, may be used with
a bile acid binding resin; do not use atorvastatin with fibrates; Helps to lower blood cholesterol and fat
levels, which have been proven to promote CAD; take at same time each day with or without food;
continue dietary restrictions of saturated fat and cholesterol, regular exercise, and weight loss in the
overall goal of lowering cholesterol levels
Labs - Monitor lipid levels within 2±4 wk after initiation of therapy or upon change in dosage; monitor
liver functions at 6 and 12 wk after initiation or elevation of dose, and periodically thereafter
Adult dosage ranges/ route - Tablets – 10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg, 80 mg. initial – 10-20 mg once daily (40
mg/day for those who require more than a 45% reduction in LD cholesterol); then a diose range caof 10-
80 mg once daily may be used (individualize therapy according to goal oftherapy and response)
Classification -Beta-adrenergic Blocking Agent
Generic and trade name – Lopressor / Metroprolol Tartrate
Action/ therapeutic effects - Combines reversibly mainly with beta1-adrenergic receptors to block the
response to sympathetic nerve impulses, circulating catecholamines, or adrenergic drugs; Blockage of
beta1-receptors decreases heart rate, myocardial contractility, and cardiac output and slows AV
conduction, all of which decreases blood pressure
Expected side effects - Fatigue, dizziness, diarrhea
Adverse side effects - depression, shortness of breath, bradycardia

Parameters/ nursing considerations - if transcient worsening of heart failure occurs, treat with
increased doses of diuretics; may need to lower dose of metoprolol or temporarily discontinue; for CHF,
do not increase dose until symptoms of worsening CHF have been stabilized; if CHF clients experience
symptomatic bradycardia, reduce dose; take dose each day at same time; do not stop suddenly
Labs -
Adult dosage ranges/ route - Injection, Tablets. Hypertension: 100 mg/day in single or divided doses;
may be increased weekly to 100-450 mg/day; Angina pectoris; 100 mg/day in 2 divided doses,can be
increased weekly until response obtained or heart rate slows; effective dose is 100-400 mg/day;
Aggressive behavior: 200-300 mg/day; Ventricular arrhythmias: 200mg/day: IV: Early MI treatment:
Three IV bolus injections of 5 mg each at approx. 2 minintervals; then give 50 mg q 6 hr PO starting 15
min after last IV dose; continue for 48hrs then 100 mg twice a day, continue for 1-3 months
Classification
Generic and trade name - Lotensin
Labs
Classification - anticoagulants
Generic and trade name – Lovenox/enoxaparin
Action/ therapeutic effects –Prevention of DVT; pulmonary embolism after abdominal surgery,
knee/hip surgery or replacement. Prevention/treatment of DVT in patients at risk for thromboembolic
complications due to severely restricted mobility during acute illness.
Expected side effects – dizziness, headache, insomnia, edema, constipation, nausea, vomiting
Adverse side effects - urinary retention, rash, ecchymoses, pruritus, anemia, bleeding,
thrombocytopenia, irritation, pain, fever
Parameters/ nursing considerations -uncontrolled bleeding; Use in severe liver or kidney disease;
untreated HTN. Geriatric Patients: recent history of ulcer disease. Assess for bleeding and hemorrhage;
evidence of additional or increased thrombosis; chills; fever; urticaria; assess injection site; Monitor
clotting times
Labs - increase in liver enzymes
Adult dosage ranges/ route – 40 mg sub cutaneous daily
Classification
Generic and trade name - Megace
Labs
Classification
Generic and trade name - Monopril
Labs
Classification
Generic and trade name- Morphine Sulfate
Labs
Classification
Generic and trade name - Motrin
Labs
Classification – Anti –Alzheimer’s agents
Generic and trade name – Namenda/ Mematine
Action/ therapeutic effects – Binds to CNS receptor sites, preventing binding of glutamate, an excitatory
neurotransmitter. Decreased symptoms of dementia. Does not slow progression. Cognitive
enhancement. Does not cure disease.
Expected side effects – Dizziness, fatigue, sedation, rash, urinary frequency
Parameters/ nursing considerations – Assess cognitive function (memory, attention, reasoning,

language, ability to perform simple tasks).
Labs – may cause anemia
Adult dosage ranges/ route – 10 mg by mouth daily. 5-15 mg/day
Classification
Generic and trade name - Nitrobid

Labs
Classification – Anti-anginal, Nitrate
Generic and trade name - Nitroglycerine
Action/ therapeutic effects -Relaxes vascular smooth muscle with a resultant decrease in venous return
and decrease in arterial BP, which reduces left ventricular workload and decreases myocardial oxygen
consumption
Labs -False report of decreased serum cholesterol if done by the Zlatkis-Zak color reaction
Adult dosage ranges/ route - Injection—0.5, 5 mg/mL; injection solution—25, 50, 100, 200 mg;
sublingual tablets—0.3, 0.4, 0.6 mg; translingual spray—0.4 mg/spray; transmucosal tablets—1, 2, 3 mg;
transmucosal SR tablets—1, 2, 2.5, 3, 5 mg; oral SR capsules—2.5, 6.5, 9 mg;
transdermal—0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 mg/hr; topical ointment
Classification - Calcium Channel Blocker
Generic and trade name – Norvasc / Amilodipine
Action/ therapeutic effects - Inhibits influx of calcium through the cell membrane, resulting in
depressionof automaticity and conduction velocity in cardiac muscle; decreases SA and AV conduction
and prolongs AV node effective and functional refractory periods; slight decrease in heartrate; possible
slight decrease in myocardial contractility; cardiac output is increased; moderate decrease in peripheral
vascular resistance
Adverse side effects - Edema, palpitations, dizziness/lightheadedness, headache, fatigue/lethargy,

flushing
Parameters/ nursing considerations - food does not affect bioavailability; elderly clients, small/fragile
clients, or clients with hepatic insufficiency may be started on 2.5 mg/day; take as directed once daily;
may take with or without meals (food helps decrease stomach upset); report signs/symptoms of chest
pain, SOB, dizziness, swelling of extremities, irregular pulse, altered vision immediately
Labs
Adult dosage ranges/ route - Tablets. 5 mg/day, up to maximum of 10 mg/day; titrate dose over 7-14
days
Classification
Generic and trade name – Novolin 70/30
Labs
Classification
Generic and trade name – NPH insulin
Labs
Classification – opioid analgesics
Generic and trade name – Oxycodone/ Perocet
Action/ therapeutic effects – Management of moderate to sever pain. Binds to opiate in the CNS. Alters
the perception of and response to painful stimuli, while producing generalized CNS depression
Expected side effects – Confusion, sedation, constipation
Adverse side effects -
Parameters/ nursing considerations – Assess type, location, and intensity of pain prior to and 1 hr
(peak) after administration. When titrating opioid doses, increases of 25-50% should be administered
until there is either a 50% reduction in the patients pain rating on a numerical or visual analog scale or
the patients reports sastisfactory pain relief. A repeat dose can be safely administered at the time of
peak if previous dose is ineffective and side effects are minimal.
Labs – May increase plasma amylase and lipase levels
Adult dosage ranges/ route – 7.5/325 1-2 tablets by mouth every 4 hours PRN
Classification – histamine (h2) antagonists
Generic and trade name – Pepcid/ Famotidine
Action/ therapeutic effects – inhibits the action of histamine at the h2 –receptor sites in gastric parietal
cells, resulting in inhibition of gastric acid secretion. Indicated in management of urticaria acid secretion.
Indicated to Management of urticaria, management of GI symptoms associated with the use of NSAID’s
Expected side effects – confusion, dizziness, drowsiness, altered taste, constipation, diarrhea, nausea,
headache
Adverse side effects - hallucinations, arrhythmias, aplastic anemia, neutropenia
Labs – Antagonize the effects of pentagastrin and histamine during gastric acid secretion testing. May
cause false- negative results in skin tests using allergenic extracts. Should be avoided 24 hrs before each
tests. May cause an increase in serum transaminases and serum creatine.
Adult dosage ranges/ route – 8 mg every 12 hrs IVPB
Classification – anti-emetics, anti-histamines, sedative/hypnotics
Generic and trade name – Phenergan / promethazine
Action/ therapeutic effects - Blocks the effects of histamine. Has inhibitor effect on the chemoreceptor
trigger zone in the medulla, resulting in antiemetic properties. Alters the effect of dopamine in the CNS.
Possesses significant anticholinergic activity. Produces CNS depression by indirectly decreased
stimulation of the CNS reticular system.
Adverse side effects - constipation, sedation, confusion, hypotension, tachycardia, photosensitivity
Parameters/ nursing considerations - Monitor BP, pulse, and respiration rate frequently in patients
receiving IV doses. Assess for symptoms of extrapyramidal side effects. Assess nausea vomiting.
Labs – CBC should be evaluated periodically during chronic therapy; blood dyscrasis may occur. May
cause increased serum glucose
Adult dosage ranges/ route – 12.5 -25 mg IVP every 4 hours PRN
Classification - Antiplatelet Drug
Generic and trade name – Plavis / clopidogrel bisulfate
Action/ therapeutic effects - Inhibits platelet aggregation by inhibiting binding of adenosine iphosphate
(ADP) to its platelet receptor and subsequent ADP-mediative activation of glycoprotein GPIIb/IIIa
complex; Effect on receptors is irreversible; thus platelets are affected for remainder of their lifespan;
also inhibits platelet aggregation caused by agonists other than ADP by blocking amplification of platelet
activation by released ADP
Adverse side effects - skin/appendage disorders, headache, URTI, chest pains, flu- like symptoms
Parameters/ nursing considerations - dosage adjustment not necessary for elderly clients or with renal
disease; document atherosclerotic event (MI, stroke) or established peripheral arterial disease requiring
therapy; assess for any active bleeding as with ulcers or intracranial bleeding; list all drugs
prescribed/consumed especially OTC; take exactly as directed, may take with or without food (food will
lessen stomach upset); may cause dizziness or drowsiness; avoid OTC agents especially aspirin,
aspirin-containing products, or NSAIDs; report any unusual bruising or bleeding; advise all providers of
prescribed therapy
Labs
Adult dosage ranges/ route - 75 mg tablets. Recent MI, stroke, or established peripheral arterial disease
– 75 mg once daily with or without food; Acute Coronary Syndrome – single 300 mg loading dose, then
75 mg once daily; initiate and continue aspirin
Classification - Glucocorticoid
Generic and trade name – Prednisone / Deltasone, Meticorten, Orasone
Action/ therapeutic effects - Anti-inflammatory effect is due to inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis;

also inhibits accumulation of maxcrophages and leukocytes at sites of inflammation and inhibits
phagocytosis and lysosomal enzyme release
Expected side effects –
Adverse side effects - Insomnia, N&V, GI upset, fatigue, dizziness, muscle weakness, increased
hunger/thirst, joint pain, decreased diabetic control
Parameters/ nursing considerations – note reasons for therapy, type, onset, characteristics of
signs/symptoms, clinical presentation; monitor CBC, ESR, electrolytes, BP, blood sugar, weights, and
mental status; take in AM to prevent insomnia and take with food to decrease GI upset; do not stop
abruptly with long-term therapy; avoid alcohol and OTC agents
Labs
Adult dosage ranges/ route - Tablets (1 mg, 2.5 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg, 50 mg); oral solution (5
mg/mL); Syrup (5 mg/mL). 5-60 mg/day in four equally divided doses after meals and at bedtime;
decrease gradually by 5-10 mg q 4-5 days to establish minimum maintenance dosage (5-10 mg) or
discontinue altogether until symptoms recur
Classification - proton pump inhibitor, anti-ulcer agents
Generic and trade name – Protonix/ Pantoprazole
Action/ therapeutic effects - blocks final step of acid production, inhibits H+/K+ ATPase in gastric
parietal cell suppressing gastric secretion.
Parameters/ nursing considerations – Assess patient routinely for epigastric or abdominal pain and for
frank or occult blood in stool, emesis, or gastric aspirate
Labs – May cause abnormal liver function tests, including ↑AST, ALT, alkaline phosphate, and bilirubin
Adult dosage ranges/ route – 40 mg by mouth once daily, up to 120 mg twice daily
Classification - Histamine2 antagonist
Generic and trade name - Ranitidine
Action/ therapeutic effects – Competitively inhibits the action of histamine at the H2 receptors of the
parietal cells of the stomach, inhibiting basal gastric acid secretion and gastric acid secretion that is
stimulated by food, insulin, histamine, cholinergic agonists, gastrin, and pentagastrin
Parameters/ nursing considerations – Administer oral drug with meals and at bedtime. Decrease doses
in renal and liver failure. Provide concurrent antacid therapy to relieve pain. Administer IM dose
undiluted, deep into large muscle group. Arrange for regular follow- up, including blood tests to
evaluate effects. Report sore throat, fever, unusual bleeding
Labs
Adult dosage ranges/ route - 12.5 mg TIV q 12 hrs
Classification
Generic and trade name – Regular insulin
Labs
Classification - Sedative-hypnotic, benzodiazepine
Generic and trade name – Restoril / Temazepam
Action/ therapeutic effects - Benzodiazepine derivative; believed to potentiate GABA neuronal

inhibition; hypnotic action involves GABA receptors in the CNS; drug decreases sleep latency, the
number of awakenings, and time spent in awake stage
Adverse side effects - Drowsiness, dizziness, lightheadedness, incoordination, tremors, falling,

palpitations, suicide attempts, respiratory depression and sleep apnea
Parameters/ nursing considerations - Store from 15-25ºC(68-77ºF) in well-closed light- resistant

container; take only as directed; do not increase dose; assess sleep patterns, diet, lifestyle, routines;
determine any depression or addiction history; may cause daytime drowsiness
Labs
Adult dosage ranges/ route – Capsules. 15-30 mg at bedtime (7.5 mg may be sufficient for some to
improve sleep latency); in elderly or debilitated, initially 7.5-15 mg until response determined
Classification - anti-psychotics
Generic and trade name – Risperdal / risperidone
Action/ therapeutic effects – may act antagonizing dopamine and serotonin in the CNS Senile dementia
Expected side effects – headache, increased dreams, increased sleep duration, fatigue
Adverse side effects – aggressive behaviors, weight gain, itching/ skin rash
Parameters/ nursing considerations – Monitor patients mental status (delusions, hallucinations, and
behavior) before and periodically during therapy
Labs – may cause ↑serum prolactin levels, May cause ↑ AST and ALT, May also cause anemia,
thrombocytopenia, leukocytosis, and leukopenia
Adult dosage ranges/ route – 1mg by mouth every hour (hs)
Classification - Antipsychotic
Generic and trade name – Seroquel / Quetiapine Fumarate
Action/ therapeutic effects - Mechanism unknown but may act as an antagonist at dopamine D2 and
serotonin SHT2 receptors; side effects may be due to antagonism of other receptors (e.g. histamine H1,
dopamine D1, adrenergic alpha1 and alpha2, serotonin SHT1A)
Expected side effects - Headache, drowsiness/somnolence, dizziness
Adverse side effects - hypotension, tachycardia, constipation, dry mouth, dyspepsia
Parameters/ nursing considerations - Continue clients who respond to quetiapine using the lowest dose
needed to maintain remission; periodically reassess; consider slower rate of titration and lower target
dose in elderly, debilitated clients, or in those who have a predisposition to hypotensive reactions; store
at 15-30ºC (59-86F); list reasons for therapy, clinical presentation, behavioral manifestations; avoid
alcohol and other OTC agents without approval; take with or without food
Labs
Adult dosage ranges/ route – Tablet. 25 mg 2 times daily, increases of 25 to 50 mg 2-3 times daily on
second and third day as tolerated; target dose range for fourth day is 300-400 mg divided into 2 or 3
doses; antipsychotic dose range is 150 to 750 mg/day; if adjustments are needed, lower or raise by
increments of 25-50 mg twice daily
Classification - Synthetic Thyroid Preparation
Generic and trade name – Synthroid/ levothyroxine
Action/ therapeutic effects - At a cellular level, works to induce changes in the metabolic rate, including
protein, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, increase oxygen consumption, body temperature, blood
volume and overall cellular growth and differentiation. Stimulate the cardiovascular system by
increasing the number of myocardial beta-adrenergic receptors which increases the sensitivity of the
heart to catecholamines and ultimately increases cardiac output. Additionally, increases renal blood
flow and the glomerular filtration rate which results in a diuretic effect. Thyroid hormone T4.
Expected side effects - Irritability, nervousness, insomnia, and headache

Adverse side effects - Cardiac dysrhythmia with the risk for life-threatening or fatal irregularities,
tachycardia, palpitations, angina, hypertension, cardiac arrest, insomnia, tremors, anxiety, nausea,
diarrhea, increased or decreased appetite, cramps, menstrual irregularities, weight loss, sweating, heat
intolerance, fever
Parameters/ nursing considerations - Half life long enough that it only needs to be administered once a
day. Pregnancy category A. Switching between courses of treatments should be minimized. Thyroid
function tests should be monitored
Labs - Baseline and periodic tests of thyroid function. Closely monitor PT/INR and assess for evidence of
bleeding if patient is receiving concurrent anticoagulant therapy. A decrease in anticoagulant dosage
may be needed 1±4 wk after concurrent levothyroxine is started
Adult dosage ranges/ route - PO, IV. 25-300 mcg/day (25-200 mcg/day most common) IM/IV: 50% of
oral dose; IV 200-500 mcg in a single dose; repeat next day 100-300 mcg if necessary. Pediatric 0-12 yr,
PO: 25-150 mcg/day
Classification
Generic and trade name - Vasotec
Labs
Classification - Calcium channel blocker
Generic and trade name – Verapamil/ Calan, Isoptin SR, Verelan
Action/ therapeutic effects - Slows AV conduction and prolongs effective refractory period; ↓ HR and
↑ PR interval; IV doses slightly increase LV filling pressure; moderately decreases myocardial
contractility and peripheral vascular resistance; worsening of heart failure may result if verapamil is
given to clients with moderate to severe cardiac dysfunction
Expected side effects - dizziness, nausea, vomiting, headache
Adverse side effects - Infection, flu-like symptoms, URTI, rhinitis, nausea, dyspepsia, diarrhea,
constipation, headache, fatigue/lethargy, dizziness, peripheral edema
Parameters/ nursing considerations - take SR tablets with food; Store ampules at 15-30°C (59-86°F);
protect from light; always individualize dose; note reasons for therapy, onset, characteristics of S&S;
make sure no prescribed meds interact; take SR capsule in AM with food; do not crush, cut, or chew;
swallow capsule whole; may cause dizziness and sudden drop in BP; use caution until drug effects
realized
Labs
Adult dosage ranges/ route - Capsules (Extended release) – 100 mg, 120 mg, 180 mg, 200 mg, 240 mg,
300 mg; Capsules (Sustained release) – 120 mg, 180 mg, 240 mg, 360 mg; Injection – 2.5 mg/mL; Tablets
(Extended-release) – 120 mg, 180 mg, 240 mg; Tablets (immediate-release) – 40 mg, 80 mg, 120 mg;
Tablets (Sustained-release) – 120 mg, 180 mg, 240 mg. Initial, when used alone – 80 mg 3 times per day;
doses up to 360-480 mg daily may be used
Classification
Generic and trade name - Xanax
Labs
Classification - Lipid lowering agent
Generic and trade name – Zocor /Simvastatin
Action/ therapeutic effects – inhibit an enzyme, HMG CoA reductase, which is responsible for catalyzing
an early step in the synthesis of cholesterol. Indicated as adjunct therapy in the management of primary
hypercholesterolemia and mixed dyslipedmias.
Expected side effects – abdominal cramps, constipation, diarrhea, flatus, heartburn, and rashes
Parameters/ nursing considerations – Obtain dietary history. Evaluate serum cholesterol and
triglyceride levels before initiating and periodically
Labs – liver function test, if ADT levels increase 3x above normal therapy should be discontinued. May
also cause increased alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin levels. May cause thyroid fuction test
abnormalities.
Adult dosage ranges/ route – 40 mg by motuh daily. 5-80 mg every day

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Classification - angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (high blood pressure medication)

Generic and trade name –Accupril /Quinapril hydrochloride

Parameters/ nursing considerations

Classification - analgesics (pain relievers) and antipyretics (fever reducers)

Generic and trade name – acetaminophen / Tylenol

Expected side effects -

Classification - novel erythropoiesis stimulating protein

Generic and trade name – Aranesp/ darbepoetin alfa

Expected side effects

Adverse side effects

Parameters/ nursing considerations

Classification – Anti – alzheimers agents, cholinergics

Generic and trade name – Aricept / donepezil

Action/ therapeutic effects – Inhibits acettlcholinesterase thus improving cholinergic function by

Expected side effects – Headache, diarrhea, nausea

Adverse side effects

Labs – none for this medicine

Adult dosage ranges/ route – 10 mg by mouth daily. Normal range 5-10 mg

Classification - Nonsteroidal, anti-inflammatory drug, analgesic, antipyreti

Expected side effects

Adverse side effects - Dyspepsia, nausea, epigastric, discomfort

Classification – Antianginal, Antihypertensive

Expected side effects

Adverse side effects

Labs - Possible false results with glucose or insulin tolerance tests

Classification – Anti–anxiety agents

Generic and trade name – ativan/ lorazepam

Expected side effects – dizziness, drowsiness, lethargy, headache, nausea, vomitting

Adverse side effects - cardiac arrest, bradycardia, hypotension, paradoxical excitation

Labs - CBC and liver function

Generic and trade name - Bumex

Expected side effects

Adverse side effects

Parameters/ nursing considerations

Adult dosage ranges/ route

Generic and trade name - cardizem

Action/ therapeutic effects

Expected side effects

Adverse side effects

Parameters/ nursing considerations

Adult dosage ranges/ route

Classification – anti-rheumatics, non-steroidal anti- inflammatory agents

Generic and trade name – celebrex/ celecoxib

Expected side effects

Adverse side effects

Classification - Quinolone, Antibiotic

Action/ therapeutic effects -

Expected side effects

Adverse side effects

Labs - Liver enzymes

Classification- Beta – blocker, anti hypertensive

Generic and trade name – coreg/ carvedilol

Expected side effects –Dizziness, fatigue, weakness, diarrhea, hyperglycemia

Adverse side effects

Adult dosage ranges/ route – 12.5 mg by mouth every day

Classification - Anticoagulant, Coumarin derivative

Generic and trade name – Coumadin/ Warfarin Sodium

Expected side effects

Classification – opioid analgesics

Generic and trade name – darvocet / propoxyphene napsylate/ acetaminophen

Expected side effects – dizziness, weakness, nausea

Adverse side effects

Classification - Opioid analgesics