Manual of The Third Order of ST Francis

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600107951T
A MANUAL
Off THE
THIRD ORDER OF ST. FRANCIS.

PRINTED BY ROBSON, LEVEY, AND FRANKI.YN,
Great New Street and Fetter Lane.
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ADVERTISEMENT.
In compiling this Manual, the several different conti

nental editions have been consulted and compared. In
all of them the Rule is essentially the same, but in some
an abridgment only is given. In the present Manual it
is printed in full, with some explanatory notes.
To have given a more complete collection of prayers
and devotions would have increased the book to an in
convenient size, besides adding to its cost. For the
same reason the " Little Office of the B.V.M." has not
been included. This is already printed in such conve
nient forms, that the want can easily be supplied.
The manuscript has been submitted to the Franciscan
communities, and other members of the order in Eng
land, and has received their approbation.
CONTENTS.
PAGE
Advertisement v
Calendar of Saints and Beatified Members of the Three
Orders of St. Francis xi
Form of Certificate xxvi
Notice on the Third Order of St. Francis .... 1
Indulgences and other favours granted to the Third Order 12
Remarks on the Indulgences 24
Bull of Benedict XIII. in favour of the Third Order . . 26
Grant of Pius IX. in favour of the Tertians in England . 44
Rule of the Third Order 46
Chap. I. The way in which those who wish to enter
the Order should be examined ... 47
„ II. Order of reception 49
„ III. Form of dress 62
„ IV. Public amusements 63
„ V. Abstinence and fasting 54
„ VI. The number of times the Members should
confess and communicate .... 56
„ VII. Brothers not to carry offensive arms . . 57
„ VIIL Canonical hours 57
„ IX. Members to make their will . . 60
„ X. Peace to be established 62
„ XI. What the Members are to do when persecuted 62
0,2
Till CONTENTS.
PAGE
Chap. XII. Members not to take an oath ... 63
„ XIII. Mass and Assemblies 64
XIV. Members to visit the siek and pray for the
dead ...... 65
„ XV. Superiors and Officers 67
„ XVI. Correction of faults 68
„ XVII. The obligation to avoid lawsuits . . 69
„ XVIII. Dispensations 70
„ XIX. On the declaration of faidts ... 71
„ XX. Rule not binding under pain of sin . . 71
Conclusion of the Bull of Nicholas IV. condemning those
who oppose the Rule 72
Constitutions, or particular Rules for Congregations of the
Third Order 73
Rules for Elections 73
„ Superiors 76
„ Assistants 77
„ Masters or Mistresses of Novices ... 77
„ Zealators 78
„ Treasurers 79
„ Secretaries 80
„ Discreets or Counsellors 80
„ Sacristans • . . . . . .80
,, Infirmarian 81
„ Readers 82
„ Consultations 82
Of the Absent 83
The Monthly Exercise 85
Prayer to the Saint 85
Congregational Assemblies, and Prayers to be recited at
them 86
CONTENTS. IX
PAGE
Franciscan Crown, or Rosary 95
Reception of Novices 97
Ceremony of Clothing 97
Blessing of the Cord 101
„ of the Rosary 101
TeDeum 106
Laudato Dominun? 108
Ceremony of Profession 110
Form of Profession Ill
Act of Profession 115
Vow of Chastity 115
Renewal of Profession 118
Examination of Conscience on the Rule .... 120
General Observations 123
„ Absolution and Papal Benediction . . . 125
„ „ for certain Festivals .... 127
„ „ at the Article of Death . . . 127
Monitum pro directoribus tertiariorum circa Absolutiones
generales 130
Litanies and Prayers to the Saints of the Order . . 131
Calendar of &atn« anK EeattficD flUtmbtrti
OF THE
THREE ORDERS OF ST. FRANCIS,

INCLUDING ALSO
PERSONS ILLUSTRIOUS IN MIRACLES AND SANCTITY OF

THE SAME ORDER,
With the Date and Place of their Decease.
N.B. Conformably with the decree of Urban VIII., we declare that the
title of Blessed, given to the servants of God not yet canonised or
beatified, has nothing more than a purely human authority. How
ever, the Congregation of Rites is at the present moment occupied
with the beatification of many of those whose names are given below.
The names of such as have an office in their honour are marked thus *.
The letter S. indicates such as have been canonised.
JANUARY.
1 B. Dominic of St. Francis, Conf. 3d Order.
2 B. Liberius de Laura, Conf. 1st Order. About 1258.
3 B. Gualterius, Conf. Bishop of Poitiers, 1st Order. About
1255.
i B. Angela of Foligny, V. 3d Order. 1486, at Segory.
5 B. Martin Guzman, Chamberlain to Charles V., after
wards Conf. 1st Order. 1575, in Komagna.
6 *B. Paul of Ambrosia, Priest, Conf. 3d Order. 24 Jan. 1489,
at Scavigna, in Italy.
7 B. Catherine of Aragon, Queen of England, wife of Henry
VIII., 3d Order. 6 Jan. 1535.
8 B. Catherine of St. Marie, V. 3d Order. 29 Jan. 1596.
9 B. Magdalin Budrisig, Countess of Ce"tine, W. 3d Order.
12 May 1532.
10 *B. John of Massacio, Conf. 3d Order. About 1399.
Xll CALENDAB OF SAINTS
JANUARY.
11 B. Leonora of St. John, V. 3d Order. 10 Jan. 1563, at
Granada.
12 B.JohnofBentivengo,PriestandHermit,3dOrder. 6Jan.,
about 1500, in the diocese of Cortona.
13 B. Bienvenue, W. 3d Order. About 1282, at Ancona.
14 B. Vincencia of Sabatre, W. 3d Order. 1664, at Vinozo,
in Spain.
15 B. James of Pieve, Priest and Martyr, 3d Order. 1304,
in Tuscany.
16 SS. Berard and Companions, 1st Martyrs of the 1st Order
in Morocco. 1220.
17 B. Lucy, V. 3d Order. 1355, at Venice.
18 B. Charles, Duke of Blois, Conf. 3d Order. 1260, at
Guingampe, in Brittany.
19 B. Joseph of Avola, Conf. 3d Order. 15 Jan. 1647, in
Sicily.
20 B. Amadeus, Bishop and Cardinal, 3d Order. 13 Jan.
1451, at Lausanne.
21 B. Robert, King of Sicily, Conf. 3d Order. 16 Jan. 1348,
at Naples.
22 B. Jacquette de Bachelier, V. 3d Order. 25 Jan. 1635, at
Beziers, in Languedoc.
23 B. Jane of St. Marie, V. 3d Order. 1360, in Etruria.
24 B. Maximilianna, Princess of Wurtemberg, V. 3d Order.
14 Jan. 1638, at Munich.
25 B. Bartholomew, Conf. 3d Order. 3 Jan. 1223, at Barry,
in Italy.
26 B. Archangel of Tardarius, V. 3d Order. 8 Feb. 1598,
in Sicily.
27 B. Constance Norrontia, Duchess of Braganza, W. 3d
Order. 26 Jan. 1480.
28 *B. Matthew, Bishop of Agrigentum, Conf. 1st Order.
1 Jan. 1451, at Palermo.
29 S. Hyacintha of Mariscotti, V. 2d Order. 31 Jan. 1640, at
Viterbo.
30 B. Frances Clare of St. Levin, V. 3d Order. 31 Jan.
1652, at Ghent.
31 *B. Louisa of Albertoni, W. 3d Order. 31 Jan. 1530, at
Rome.
TEBBTJART.
1 *B. Andrew of Conti, Count of Segni, Conf. 1st Order.
About 1302, at Anagni, near Rome.
2 *B. Viridianna, Recluse, V. 3d Order. 1 Feb. 1242, at St.
Florentine, Etruria.
3 *B. Oderic, Conf. 1st Order. 14 Jan. 1331, at Udine, Italy.
AND BEATIFIED MEMBERS. xiii
FEBRUARY.
4 S. Jane of Valois, Queen of France, W. 2d Order, Found
ress of the Annunciades. 1504, at Bourges.
6 *BB. Peter Baptista, Francis, Blanco, Philip of Jesus, Mar
tin of the Ascension, Gonsalvo Garcia and Francis of
St. Michael, 1st Order, with 17 Brothers of the 3d
Order. Martyred 5th Feb. 1597, at Naganzac, in
Japan.
6 B. Robert of France, Son of St. Louis, 3d Order. 11 Feb.
1317.
7 B. John Baron of Burgo, Martyr 3d Order. 11 Sept. 1610,
at Limerick, Ireland.
8 B. Elizabeth of Ciraule, Penitent 3d Order, V. 7 Feb.
1627, in Sicily.
9 B. Sigismond, Duke of Bavaria, Conf. 3d Order. 2 Feb.
1501, at Munich.
10 *B. Clare Agolante, W. 2d Order. 1346, at Rimini.
11 B. Theodorio of Munster, Conf. 1st Order. 2 Feb. 1515, at
Louvain. His body reposes at St. Trond.
12 B. Pascaline, V. 3d Order. 4 Feb. 1313, at Foligny.
13 B.Mary Guzman, V. 2d Order. 15 Feb. 1515, at Abdara,
Spain.
}* B. Pudentiana Zagnoni, V. 3d Order. 1608, at Boulogne.
15 B. Edmund de Garan, Archbishop of Armagh in Ireland,
Martyr 3d Order. 1598.
16 *B. Philippa Mareri, V. 2d Order. 13 Feb. 1236, near Assi-
sium.
17 *B. William of Cuffitella, Hermit 3d Order. 4 April 1450,
at Xicile, in Sicily.
18 *B. Davanzat, Cure" of Barberino, 3d Order. 7 July 1295,
at Tuscany.
19 *B. Conrad, Knight of Plaisance, Conf. 3d Order. 1351,
at Noto, in Sicily.
20 B. Jerome of Messina, W. and Recluse, 3d Order. 16 Feb.
1590, at Palermo.
21 B. Philippa of Gueldre, Queen of Sicily, W. 2d Order. 25
Feb. 1547, at Pont-Mousson, France.
22 St. Margaret of Cortona, Penitent, 3d Order. 1297.
23 B. Gertrude, Baroness of Ortenberg, W. 3d Order, at Offen-
berg, Germany.
24 B. Thirasie, W. 3d Order. 26 Jan. 1503, at Villeneuve.
25 *B. Sebastien of the Apparition, W. Conf. 1st Order. 1600,
in Mexico.
26 B. Marie, Empress of Austria, daughter of Charles V., and
wife of Max. II., 2d Order. 1603.
27 *B. Eustochia of Calafato, V. 2d Order. 20 Jan. 1729, at
Messina.
XIV CALENDAR OF SAINTS
FEBRUARY.
28 *B. Thomas of Cora, Conf. 1st Order. 11 Jan. 1729.
29 B. Marie Elizabeth, Countess of Spain, V. 3d Order. 5
Feb. 1660, at Bressinone, in the Tyrol.
MARCH.
1 *B. Mathasie de Nazarei, V. 2d Order. 1513, at Camerino.
2 B. Berengaria, Princess of Castillo, W. 3d Order. 3 March,
at Leon.
3 *B. Antoninus de Stronconie, Conf. 1st Order. 6 March
1452, at Urbino.
4 B. Jane, Queen of Castille and Leon, W. 3d Order. 5 March
1381, at Madrid.
5 S. John Joseph of the Cross, Conf. 1st Order. 1734, at
Naples.
6 S. Colette Boilet of Corbie, V. 2d Order. 1447, at Ghent.
7 B. Andrew of Tuderto, Conf. 3d Order. 5 March 1242, at
Florence.
8 *B. Agnes, Princess of Bohemia, 2d Order. 6 March 1282,
at Prague, in Bohemia.
9 S. Catherine of Bologna, V. 9 March 1463.
10 B. Uladislas, Duke of Lithuania, Conf. 3d Order. 22 March
1386.
11 S. Frances of Rome, W. 3d Order. 9 March 1440.
12 B. Marie Isabella Gisala, Marchioness of Gibelin, 24 April
1630, at Palermo.
13 *B. Roger, Conf. 1st Order, about 1236, at Todi, in Italy.
14 *B. Peter ofMonticulo, Conf. 1st Order,about 1285, at Pisena.
15 *B. Henry, son of Haquin, King of Denmark, Conf. 3d
Order. 1415, at Perouse.
16 *B. Peter of Siena, Conf. 3d Order. 4 Dec. 1289.
17 B. Pauline of Malatesta, Marchioness of Mantua, 2d Order.
1449.
18 *B. Salvata de Horta, Conf. 1st Order. 1597, in Sardinia.
19 B. Petronilla d'Emelveerdegem, Flanders, V. 3d Order.
18 March 1472, at Ghent.
20 *B. John of Parma, 7th General of the Orders. 1289, at
Camarino, near Assishun.
21 B. Blanche, Queen of Sicily, W. 3d Order. 22 March 1343.
22 *B. Bienvenu, Bishop of Osimo, Conf. 1st Order. 1276, at
Ancona.
23 S. Angela de Mericie, V. 3d Order, and Foundress of the
Ursulines. 21 March 1540, at Brescia.
24 *B. Gandolfi de Binasco, Conf. 1st Order, about 1260.
25 *B. Rizzarius, Conf. 1st Order, about 1236.
26 S. Ferdinand, King of Castille, Conf. 3d Order, about
1252.
A2JD BEATIFIED MEMBERS. XV
MARCH.
27 *B. Peregrin, Conf. 1st Order, about 1240, at San-Severino,
in La Marche.
28 *B. Mark de Mont-Gallo, Conf. 1st Order. 19 March 1497,
at Vicenza, in Sicily.
29 *B. Pauline, Countess of Gambara-Costa, W. 3d Order.
1505, in Piedmont.
30 *B. Angela de Foligny, W. 3d Order. 4 Jan. 1309.
31 B. Maria de Maffle, W. 3d Order. 28 March 1431, at Tours.
APRIL.
1 *B. Hippolitus Galantini, Founder of the Order of Christian
Doctrine, Conf. 3d Order. 20 March 1619, at Flor
ence.
2 B. Leopold de Gaiche, Conf. 1st Order. 1815, at Monte
Lugo, near Spoletta.
8 St. Benedict of Philadelphia, Conf. 1st Order. 4 April
1589.
4 B. Beatrix, Countess of Ruscons, W. 3d Order. 14 March
1551, at Milan.
6 B. Clare Martinez, W. 3d Order. 1594, at Villasicos.
6 S. Catherine, Princess of Sweden, W. 3d Order. 24
March 1381, at Watzen.
7 *B. Julien of St. Augustine, Conf. 1st Order. 8 April 1606,
at Alcala, in Spain.
8 B. Frances de Serrona, V. 3d Order. 7 April 1607, near
St. Severin, Italy.
9 B. Jeremiah Lambertenghi, Priest, Conf. 3d Order. 25
March 1513, at Forli.
10 B. Marie Pennalosa, V. 3d Order. 1589, at Segovia, in
Spain.
11 B. Andrew de Vega, Priest and Conf. 3d Order. 1 April
1584, at Santarem, in Portugal.
12 *B. Angel de Clavasio de Saone, Conf. 1st Order. 25 April
1495, in La Marche.
13 B. Francescina, V. 3d Order. 4 March, at Eugubia, in
Umbria.
14 B. Gonsalve Marinus, Count of Altamira, Conf. 1st Order.
1405, at Viana, in Portugal.
15 *B. Jane de Signia, Shepherdess, V. 3d Order. 7 April
1350, in Etruria.
16 B. Leonora of the Holy Ghost, Marchioness of Serolvo, V.
2d Order. 29 April 1597, at Madrid.
17 B. Marie Magdelin, Duchess of Brittany, V. 3d Order.
29 March 1462, at Longchamps, near Paris.
18 *B. Andrew Hibernon, Conf. 1st Order. 1602, at Gandia,
in Spain.
b
XVI CALENDAR OF SAINTS.
APRIL.
19 *B. Conrad d'Ascoli, Con£ 1st Order. 1289, at Ascoli, in
Italy.
20 B. James, Marquis of Oldi, Widower 3d Order. 1404, at
Lauda, in Spain.
21 B. Elizabeth Pontia, V. 3d Order. 30 April 1520, at Lorea,
near Carthage.
22 B. Joannin do Calle, Conf. 3d Order. 21 April 1372, in
Umbria.
23 *B. Giles, Conf. 1st Order. 1262, at Perouse.
24 B. Beatrix de Belmont, Princess of Navarre, V. 3d Order.
11 April 1520, at Oranada.
25 B. Ubald, Hermit, 3d Order. 13 April 1301, at Mantua.
26 B. Anne de Ponce de Leon, Countess of Feria, W. 2d
Order. 1601, at Montilia, in Spain.
27 *B. James de Bitecto, Conf. 1st Order. About 1485, in the
kingdom of Naples.
28 *B. Luchese, first Member of the 1st Order at Pozzi Bonzi.
29 B. Marie of Bavaria, mother of the Emperor Ferdinand
II., 2d Order. 22 April 1608.
30 B. Marie Kellen, V. 3d Order. 27 April 1661, at Treves.
MAY.
1 B. Vivalde, Hermit and Conf. 1300, in Italy.
2 B. Constance of Jesus, V. 3d Order. 1635, at Lisbon.
3 B. Jane of the Cross, V. 3d Order. 1534, at Cuba, near
Toledo.
4 B. Isabella, Widow of Henry III., King of England, 3d
Order. 1285, at London.
5 B. Emanuel Bego, Priest, 3d Order. 1626, in Spain.
6 B. Frances Rodriguez, 3d Order. 1514, in Spain.
7 B. Bela, King of Hungary, Conf. 3d Order. 1269.
8 B. Bonaventura de Chieti, Hermit, 3d Order. 1627.
9 B. Antony of Hungary, Conf. 3d Order. 1398, at Foligny.
10 B. Eulalie Gomez, W. 3d Order. 1583, at Toledo.
11 B. John de la Puebla, Count of Belalcasar, Conf. 1st
Order. 1495.
12 B. Isabella, wife of Ferdinand, King of Aragon (also a
Tertian), 3d Order. 1400.
13 S. Peter de Regalate, Conf. 1st Order. 1456, at Aquilera.
14 B. Francis Venimbeni, Conf 1st Order. 1322, at La
Marche.
15 B. Bienvenu of Reccini, Captain,then Conf. 1st Order. 1232.
16 B. Gerard, Knight of St. John of Jerusalem, Conf. 3d
Order. About 1267, in Tuscany.
17 S. Pascal of Baylon, Conf. 1st Order. 1592, in Valencia.
18 S. Felix of Cantalioe, Conf. 1st Order. 1587, at Rome.
AND BEATIFIED MEMBERS. XV11
MAT.
19 S. Ives, Priest and Conf. 3d Order. 1347, at Lohaneo,
Brittany.
20 S. Bernardin of Siena, Conf. 1st Order. 1444.
21 B. Violente of Cordova, V. 3d Order. 1576, at Murcia.
22 B. Humiliana, W. 3d Order. 1246, at Florence.
23 B. Rostan, Knight, Conf. 3d Order. 1282, in Provence.
24 B. John de Prade, Martyr, 1st Order. 1632, at Morocco.
25 B. Payen, Knight, Conf. 3d Order. 1478, at Assisium.
26 B. Magdalen of Constance, Conf. 3d Order. 1545, in Naples.
27 B. Peter Marquerius, Conf. 3d Order. 1557, in Portugal.
28 B. Jane, Queen of Castillo, Widow of Henry II., 3d Order.
1382, at Toledo.
29 B. Eleu, Conf. 3d Order. 1251, at Rome.
30 B.John, Prince ofBonvisi, Conf. 1st Order. 1472, at
Assisium.
31 B. Vital de Vaste, Conf. 3d Order. 1491, at Assisium.
JUNE.
1 *B. James of Strepa, Archbishop and Conf. 1st Order.
1411, in Russia.
2 *B. Baptist de Varese, Princess of Camerino, V. 2d
Order. 31 May 1527.
3 *B. Andrew Caccioli de Spello, Conf. 1st Order. 1294,
in Umbria.
4 B. Pelingo, Tradesman, Conf. 3d Order. About 1399,
at Urbino, in Italy.
5 *B. Pacific de Ceredane, Conf. 1st Order. 1482, in the Is
land of Sardinia.
6 B. Isabella Marie of the Passion, Princess of Trabia, and
Marchioness of Gibellina, W. 3d Order. 5 June
1630, at Palermo.
7 B. Uraca Rodriguez, W. 3d Order. 29 June 1534, at
Ulmete, in Spain.
8 B. Alice Burgotte, Recluse, 3d Order. 29 June 1466, at
Paris.
9 B. Acbaz, an Infant, 3d Order. 11 June 1230, at Tour-
nout, Flanders.
10 B. Vincent de Nicose, Conf. 3d Order. 9 June 1601,
at Palermo.
11 B. Owida Griffina, Princess of Hungary, Duchess of Cra
cow, W. 3d Order. 1309.
12 *B. Guy of Cortona, Conf. 1st Order. 1250.
13 S. Antony of Padua, Conf. 1st Order. 1231.
14 B. Margaret of Foligny, V. 3d Order. 13 June 1440.
15 B. Agnes de Fer, W. 3d Order. 13 June 1496, at Ul-
metta, in Spain.
XVU1 CALENDAR OF SAINTS
JUNE.
16 B. Constanoe de Oastre, W. 3d Order. 16 June 1287,
at Viviers, in Galioia.
17 *B. Cornelius, Martyr, 3d Order. 9 July 1572, at Briel,
in Holland.
18 B. John of Bavenna, Conf. 3d Order. 16 June 1242,
at Bomandiole.
19 *B. Micheline, W. 3d Order. 1356, at Pezaro, in La
Marche of Ancona.
20 B. Cecilia Joannelli de Castella, W. 3d Order. 1641, at
Gandino, in Venetie.
21 B. Leonard de Gallioe, Conf. 3d Order. 11 June 1634,
at Palermo.
22 B. Michael of the Holy Angels, Hermit, 3d Order. 18
June 1628, at Cuidad-Rodriguez, in Spain.
23 B. Cecilia Portaro, V.'3d Order. 19 June 1640, at Palermo.
24 B. Clare of Catana,' W. 3d Order. 20 June 1617, at
Palermo.
25 B. Sancia Martinez de Montalvo, W. 3d Order. 27 June
1440, at Areval.
26 B. Orlando, or Rowland, Count of Catana, Conf. 3d
Order. 30 June 1213, at Spire, in Germany.
27 'B. Bienvenu, Conf. 1st Order. 1232, at Corneto, in
Naples.
28 B. Charles Martel, King of Hungary, 3d Order. 1242,
at Alba, aged 24 years.
29 B. Martin d'Alonzo, Conf. 3d Order. About 1644, at
30 *B. Raymond Lulli, Martyr, 3d Order. 29 March 1315,

at Mauritania, in Africa.
JULY.
1 B. William de Siclene, Conf. 3d Order. About 1470.
2 B. Angelica Tadeschi, W. 3d Order. 27 Jan. 1753, at
Messa, in Tuscany.
3 B. Elie, Count of Bourdeille, Archbishop of Tours and
Cardinal, Conf. 1st Order. 1484, at the Chateau of
Artane.
4 B. Bonice, Conf. 3d Order. 11 July 1242, in Tuscany.
5 *B. Archangel de Calatafime, Conf. 1st Order. 1640, in
Sicily.
6 B. Margaret of the Cross, daughter of the Emperor Max.
II. of Austria, V. 2d Order. 5 July 1633.
7 *B. Laurence de Brindes, Conf. 1st Order. 22 July 1619,
at Lisbon.
8 S. Elizabeth, Queen of Portugal, W. 3d Order. 4 July
1336, at Conimbre.
AND BEATIFIED MEMBERS. XIX
JULY.
9 *B. Nicholas de Gorcum, and Comp. 1st Order, Martyrs.
1572, at Briel, in Holland.
10 B. Marie of Jesus, W. 3d Order. 9 July 1620, at Toledo.
11 B.Bernard of Quintaval, Disciple and Comp. of St. Francis,
Conf. 1st Order. 10 July 1241, at Assisium.
12 B. Frances de Burgare, V. 3d Order. 16 July 1425, at
Florence.
13 S. Faithful of Sigmaringa, Conf. Martyr 1st Order. 11
July 1622, at Brecticola, in Switzerland.
14 S. Bonaventura, Doctor of the Church, Cardinal Arch
bishop of Alba, Conf. 1st Order. 1274, at Lyons.
15 *B. Angelica, Countess of Marsciano, W. 3d Order. 7
July 1435, at Florence.
16 *B. Jolente, daughter of Bela, King of Hungary, W.
2d Order. 1299, at Gnesne, in Poland.
17 B. Angelica, Countess of Civitella, V. 3d Order. 14 July
1435, at Rome.
18 *B. Simon Lipnice, Conf. 1st Order. 1482, at Cracow.
19 *B. John de Dukla, Conf. 1st Order. 29 Sep. 1484, at
Lemberg, in Russia.
20 B.MargaretBichi,W.3d Order. 22 July 1535, at Siena, Italy.
21 B, Onuphrie, Countess de l'Apruce, V. 3d Order. 7 July
1430, at Florence.
22 B. Agnes Viotte, V. 2d Order. 15 July 1497, at Aleneon.
23 B. Hortulana, Mother of St. Clare, W. 3d Order. 2 Jan.
1253, at Assisium.
24 S. Francis de Solane, Conf. 1st Order, Apostle of Peru.
14 July 1610, at Lima.
25 S. Bridget, Princess of Sweden, W. 3d Order. 23 July
1373, at Bome.
26 B. Philip Dulcet, Hermit 3d Order. 25 July 1554, on
Mount Guidica, in Sicily.
27 *B. Cunegonde, Queen of Poland, V. 2d Order. 24 July
1292, at Sandecz, in Poland.
28 B. Agnes de Castaneo, W. 3d Order. 27 July 1634, at
Murcia, in Spain.
29 B. Sanctia, Queen of Sicily and Jerusalem, 2d Order. 28
July 1345, at Naples.
30 B. Catherine Vannini, Penitent, 3d Order. 1606, at
Siena, in Italy.
81 *B. Aime Konconi, Conf. 3d Order. 8 May 1266, at
Saludez, in Romagna.
AUGUST.
1 B. Amedous of Portugal, Count of Viana, Prince of Ceuta,
Conf. 1st Order. 10 Aug. 1482, at Milan.
62
XX CALENDAR OF SAINTS
AUGUST.
2 Our Lady of the Angels, called the Portiuncula.
8 B. Francis Sichio, Conf. 3d Order. 5 Aug. 1850, at Mount
St. Marie, in Italy.
4 *B.Beatrixde Suva, PrincessRoyal of Portugal, Foundress of
the Conceptionists, 2d Order. 17 Aug. 1490, at Toledo.
5 B. Bonna, wife of the B. Luchesio, in whose house the 3d
Order was first established.
6 B. Charles de Montgranel, Count of Romandiole, Conf.
3d Order. 6 Sep. 1419, at Venice.
7 B.Marie, Viscountess of Clermont, V. 2d Order. 13 Aug.
1544, at Avignon.
8 B. Francis de Beccarie, called of Pavia, General Com
mandant of the Armies of the Duke of Milan, Conf.
1st Order. 16 Aug. 1454, at Spoletto.
9 B. Cecilia, Marchioness of Mantua, V. 3d Order. 8 Aug.
about 1470, at Mantua.
10 B. Bichard, Bishop of Alexandria, Conf. 3d Order. 8 Aug.
1242.
11 B. Adrianna, sister of S. Margaret of Cortona, 3d Order.
1297.
12 S. Clare, Foundress of the Poor Clares, 1253.
13 *B. Peter of Molean, Conf. 1st Order. 13 May 1490.
14 *B. Sanotes du Mont-Fabrice, Conf. 1st Order. 1290, at
Picena, in Italy.
15 B. Marie, Duchess of Gonzaga, W. 3d Order. 5 Aug.
1660, at Mantua.
16 S. Roch, Conf. 3d Order. 17 Aug. 1327, at Montpellier.
17 B. Euprasius Rodriguez, V. 3d Order. 15 Aug. 1560, at
Veaz, in Spain.
18 *B. Clare of Montfaucon, V. 3d Order reg. 17 Aug. 1308,
in Umbria.
19 S.Louis, Archbishop of Toulouse, Conf. 1st Order. 1297,
at Brignola.
20 B. Catherine de Quadia, V. 3d Order. 13 Aug. 1594, at
Ulmeta, in Spain.
21 B. Antoinette Miceli, Governess, V, 3d Order. 22 Aug.
1632, at Siacca, in Sicily.
22 B. Dominic d'Alexio, Conf. 3d Order. 1510, at Mont-
Real, in Italy.
23 B. Beatrix of St. Francis, W. 3d Order. 28 Aug. 1566, at
Longville, in Portugal.
24 B. Philippine, Princess de Vega, V. 2d Order. About
1531, at Belalcazar.
25 S. Louis IX., King of France, Conf. 3d Order, patron of
the Congregations of Brothers and Sisters of the 3d
Order. 1270, at Tunis.
AND BEATIFIED MEMBERS. XXI
AUGUST.
26 B. Cunegondc, Duchess of Bavaria, W . 3d Order. 6 Aug.
1532, at Munich.
27 B. Marie Gonzales de Fuente, W. 3d Order. About 1525,
at Toledo.
28 B. Vincent Mussart, Priest, Conf. 3d Order. 18 Aug. 1630,
at Paris.
29 B. Julien Donat, Conf. 3d Order. 21 Dec. 1580, in Spain.
30 B. John de Gretio, Conf. 3d Order. About 1225, in Italy.
31 *B. Isabella, sister of S. Louis, V. 2d Order. 1269, at
Longchamps, near Paris.
SEPTEMBER.
1 B. Jane Godoja, V. 3d Order. 1622, at Calosa, in Spain.
2 B. Aldonse do Pantoxe, V. 3d Order. 9 Sep. 1566, in
Biscay.
3 *BB. John of Perouse, and Peter de Saxo-Ferrato, Martyrs
1st Order. About 1231, in the kingdom of Valence.
4 S. Rose of Viterbo, V. 3d Order. 1251.
5 *B. Gentil, Martyr 1st Order. 1340, at Torre, in Egypt.
6 *B. Vincent d'Aquila, Conf. 1st Order. 20 Aug. 1504.
7 B. John Tesserand, Conf. 3d Order. 8 Sep. 1494, at Lyons.
8 *B. Thomas, or Thomasuccius, Hermit. 15 Sep. 1377, at
Foligny.
9 *B. Seraphin de Sforce, Duchess d'Urbin, "W. 2d Order.
8 Sep. 1478, at Pesaro.
10 B. Marie of Jesus, tho African, W. 3d Order. 8 Sep., at
Murcia, in Spain.
11 B. Didacus of Sinagra, Conf. 3d Order. 9 Sep. 1612, at
St. Philip's, in Sicily.
12 B. Louisa of St. Philip, V. 3d Order. 8 Nov. 1641, in
Sicily.
13 S. Veronica de Giulano, V. 2d Order. 9 July 1727, at
Tifern.
14 B. Euphrosine, W. 3d Order. 15 Sep. 1484, at Biturgia,
in Umbria.
15 B. Beatrix Veniera, Servant, V. 3d Order. 7 Sep. 1509,
at Venice.
16 B. Francis, Duke of Brittany, Conf. 3d Order. 9 Sep.
1488, at Coiron, Nantes.
17 B. Clare de Bugni, W. Stigmata, 3d Order. 1514, at
Venice.
18 S. Joseph of Cupertina, Conf. 1st Order. 1663, at Osimo,
in Italy.
19 *B. Joseph de Leonisse, Conf. 1st Order. 20 Deo.
20 B. Marie de Bourbon, V. 3d Order. 7 Sep. 1445, at
Amiens.
XX11 CALENDAR OF SAINTS
SEPTEMBER.
21 B. Robert Malatesta, Prince d'Arrimini, Conf. 3d Order,
died at the age of 22. 10 Oct. 1432.
22 B. Alexander of Perouse, Conf. 3d Order. 10 Sep. 1242.
23 B. Hugoline, V. 3d Order. 22 Sep. 1300, at Vercelles.
24 B. Bernardino de Montemajor, W. 3d Order. 21 Sep.
1520, at Villeneuve.
25 S. Pacific of S. Severin, Conf. 1st Order. 14 Sep. 1721,
in the Marche of Ancona.
26 *B. Lucy de Salerno, V. 3d Order. 1400, at Calatagirine.
27 S. Elzear, Count d'Arian, Conf. 3d Order. 26 Sep. 1823,
at Pavia.
28 *B. Bernardin de Feltre, Conf. 1st Order. 1494, at Pavia.
29 B. Barbara, Princess of Bavaria, V. 2d Order. About
1472, at Munich.
30 B. Felicia de Meda, V. 2d Order. 1444, at Pesaro.
OCTOBER.
1 *B. Louisa of Savoy, W. 3d Order. 24 July 1503.
2 B. Margaret, wife of S. Louis, King of France, W. 3d
Order. 2 Dec. 1285, at Paris.
3 B. John, King of Armenia, Conf. 1st Order. About 1310.
4 S. Francis of Assisium, Founder of the Three Orders.
5 *B. John of Pinna, Conf. 1st Order. 3 April 1271, in the
Dioeese of Fermo.
6 *B. Marie Frances, V. 3d Order. 6 Oct. 1791, at Naples.
7 B. Thadeus Olobardi, V. 3d Order. 2 Oct. 1649, in Tus
cany.
8 B. Henry, King of Cyprus, Conf. 1st Order. About 1316,
in the Isle of Nixos.
9 B. John Matthew, named Bishop of Deventer, Martyr,
1st Order. 4 Oct. 1572, at Audenard, in Flanders.
10 B. Martius de Pavia, Hermit, 3d Order. 1 Oct. 1301, near
Gualdo, in Italy.
11 B. Marie Louisa du Four, V. 3d Order. 1662, at Rouan.
12 *B. Eustochiona, W. 3d Order. 17 Oct. 1456, in Sicily.
13 SS. Daniel, Samuel, Angel, Donule, Leon, Hugolin, and
Nicholas, Martyrs, 1st Order. 9 Oct. 1221, at Cepte,
in Mauritania.
14 B. Thomas Salvatius, Prince of the Holy Empire, Count
de Cesa, Bishop of Arreze, Conf. 3d Order. 15 Oct.
1671.
15 B. Leonora Portocarrero, Countess of Palma, V. 2d Order.
About 1570.
16 B. Isabella of Peace, V. 3d Order. 1640, in Murcia.
17 S. Ludgard de Wittigstein, V. 2d Order. 16 Oct. 1347,
at Wittichen, in Germany.
AND BEATIFIED MEMBERS. XX1U
OCTOBER.
18 B. Frances Farnese, V. 2d Order. 17 Oct. 1651, at Albano.
19 S. Peter of Alcantara, Conf. 1st Order. 18 Oct. 1562, in
Castille.
20 B. Vincent de Nicose, Conf. 3d Order. 1602, at Palermo,
in Sicily.
21 B. Gaultier, Bishop of Trevise, Conf. 3d Order. 24 Aug.
1323, in Italy.
22 *B. Ladislas de Gielniow, Conf. 1st Order, 4 May 1505, at
Warsaw.
23 S. John of Capistrana, Conf. 1st Order. 1456, at Villach,
in Spain.
24 B. Francis Martinez, Conf. 3d Order. 27 Oct. 1640, at
Valencia.
25 *B. Francis Calderole, Conf. 1st Order. 1407, at Colfani,
in Italy.
26 *B. Bonaventura de Potenzie, Conf. 1st Order. 1657, at
Turin.
27 B. Frances ofJesus, daughter ofJohn II., Duke of Gandia,
V. 2d Order. 28 Oct. 1557, at Valladolid.
28 B. Lucrecia, Duchess of Ferrara, V. 2d Order. 28 Nov.
1572.
29 B. Catherine, Duchess of Milan, W. 2d Order. 1404, at
Modetia.
30 B. Teresa Enriquez, Duchess of Castille, W. 3d Order.
31 Oct. 1409, at Methymia.
31 *B. Thomas of Florence, Conf. 1st Order. 1447, at Fonte-
Colombo, Naples.
NOVEMBER.
1 B. Lucretia Brunelli, V. 3d Order. 19 March 1347, at
Massa, in Italy.
2 B. Marie, Countess of Rofales Alarcon, V. 3d Order.
27 Jan. 1645, at Loxa, in Spain.
3 B. Margaret ofLorraine, Duchess of Alen^on, W. 2d Order.
1527, at Argentan.
4 *B. Helen of Enselmine, V. 2d Order. 1242, at Padua.
5 *B. Rainier of Arreto, Conf. 1st Order. 1 Nov. 1304, in
Umbria.
6 B. Sybille Rosenbaumin, V. 3d Order. At Treves.
7 *B. Bernardin de la Fosse, Conf. 1st Order. 26 Nov. 1503,
at Aquila.
8 B. Francis Ximenes de-Cisneros, Archbishop of Toledo,
Cardinal and Regent of Spain, Conf. 1st Order. 1517.
9 The heroic Princess Marie Ferdinandine Coroneli, W. of
John de la Cerda, 2d Order. 1340, at Gualda-fagi-
ata, in Spain.
XXIV CALENDAR OF SAINTS
NOVEMBER.
10 *B. Leo, Disciple, Confessor and Companion of St. Francis,
Conf. 1st Order. About 1270.
11 B. Elizabeth of Sweden, V. 3d Order. 25 Nov. 1420, at
Waldzee, in Sweden.
12 B. Aldonsine Lopez, V. 3d Order. 2 Nov. 1534, at Are-
val, in Spain.
13 B. Jane de Luxemburg, Countess of Ligny and of St.
Paul, 3d Order. 12 Nov. 1409, at Moncel.
14 *B. Gabriel Ferretti, Conf. 1st Order. 12 Nov. 1456, at
Ancona.
15 B. Francis de Catana, Count de Cluse, Conf. 3d Order.
1213, in Tuscany.
16 S. Agnes of Assisium, sister of S. Clare, V. 2d Order.
1253.
17 *B. Salome, Duchess of Cracow, V. 2d Order. 1268, at
Cracow.
18 B. Angelica Marie Carissimi, V. 3d Order. 30 Nov. 1631,
at Trapani, in Sicily.
19 S. Elizabeth, Queen of Hungary, W. 3d Order. 1231, at
Marbourg, Patroness of the 3d Order.
20 B. Pudentiana Zagnoni, V. 3d Order. 22 Nov. 1609, at
Bologna.
21 B. Sebastian of St. Francis, Hermit and Conf. 3d Order.
About 1645, at Coria.
22 B. Jane d'Orgemont, Baroness of Scheinghen, W. 2d
Order. 6 Nov. 1649, at Philippeville.
23 B. Albert, Count of Montaigu, 3d Order. 25 Nov. in the
13th century, in Tuscany.
24 *B. Leonard de Port-Maurice, Conf. 1st Order. 26 Nov.
1751, at Rome.
25 B.John, Knight of Velita, Conf. 3d Order. 2 Nov. 1223,
at Greti, in Italy.
26 B. Peter of Arragon, Viceroy of Catalona, of Valencia,
and of Arragon, Conf. 1st Order. About 1380, at
Valencia.
27 *B. Delphine, wife of St. Elzear, V. 3d Order. 26 Sep.
1360, at Apt.
28 S. James de Picene, Conf. 1st Order. 1476, at Marchia,
in Italy.
29 Feast of all the Saints of the Three Orders of St. Francis.
30 B. Clare Isabella Gherzi, V. 2d Order. In 1800, at Gub-
bio, near Genoa.
DECEMBER.
1 B. Innocence de Ricci, V. 3d Order. 1624, at Drepan, in
Sicily.
AND BEATIFIED MEMBERS. XXV
DECEMBER.
2 The illustrious Isabella Clare Eugenius, Archduchess of
Austria, and Governess of the Low Countries, W.
3d Order. 6 Dec. 1633, at Brussels.
3 B. Isabella Sanchez, W. 3d Order. 5 Dec. 1519, at Coria,
in Spain.
4 B. Blanche, Queen of France, mother of St. Louis. 2 Dec.
1253, at Maubuisson.
5 *B. Elizabeth Bonne, V. 3d Order. 7 Doc. 1420, at Reuth.
6 B. Clare de Foligny, V. 3d Order. 8 Dec. 1440, at Foligny.
7 B. Catharine, Queen of Bosnia, W. 3d Order. 25 Oct.
1478, at Rome.
8 B. Margaret of Bullon, V. 3d Order. Doc. 1500, at Va
lencia, in Spain.
9 B. Philippine, Princess of Medicis, V. 2d Order. 6 Dec.
1688, at Florence.
10 B. Boleslas, surnamed the Chaste, king of Poland, Conf.
3d Order. 1297, at Cracow.
11 B. Margaret, Countess of Colonna, V. 2d Order. 30 Dec.
1284, at Rome.
12 B. Didacus de Silva, Archbishop of Braga, Conf. 1st Order.
10 Dec. 1541, at Braga.
13 B. Berthold, Baron de Muchio, Priest and Conf. 3d Order.
13 Dec. 1300, at St. Geminian, in Tuscany.
14 B. Ann, Empress of Austria, W. 3d Order. 14 Dec. 1618,
at Vienna.
15 B. Frances of the Mother of God, Marchioness of Denia,
V. 2d Order. 1590, at Madrid.
16 B. Mea, W. 3d Order. 13 Dec. 1286, at Siena.
17 B. Leo de Valvasseur, Archbishop of Milan, 3d Order.
18 Dec. 1257, at Lignan, near Milan.
18 B. Martha Gerea, V. 3d Order. 18 Dec. 1520, at Lorca,
in Spain.
19 *B. Conrad d'Offide, Conf. 1st Order. 12 Deo. 1306, at
Bastia, in Umbria.
20 B. Munuera, W. 3d Order. 18 Dec. 1520, at Lorca, in
Spain.
21 B. Catherine de Groti, V. 3d Order. 2 Dec. 1599, at
Mantua.
22 B. Francis de Calabria, Conf. 3d Order. 22 Dec. 1597,
at Ulmer.
23 *B. Nicholas Factor, Conf. 1st Order. 23 Dec. 1583, at
Valencia.
24 B. Francis O'Sulivan, Prince of Bantry, Martyr 1st Order.
In 1651, under Cromwell.
25 B. Peter of Compostolla, Conf. 3d Order. 5 June, about
1230, at Compostella.
XXVI FORM OF CERTIFICATE.
DECEMBER.
26 B. Frances de Covos y Mendoza, Marchioness of Cama-
rasa, V. 2d Order, 4 Dec. 1560, at Madrid.
27 B. Garcende, W. 3d Order. 8 Nov. 1320, at Apt.
28 B. Adelaide Schrickhin, V. 3d Order. 11 Oct. 1605, at
Treves.
29 *B. Angeline de Oorbare, Countess de Termes, V. 3d Order.
25 Dec. 1435, at Foligny.
30 B. Elizabeth, Widow of Charles IV., king of Hungary, 3d
Order. 1381, at Bude.
31 B. Gerard de Bangonne, Governor of Boulogne, Ravenna,
Parma, Vienna, and Milan, General Commandant of
the Guelphs, and afterwards Conf. 1st Order. 24
Aug. 1233, at Modena.
FORM OF CERTIFICATE.
This the year of our Lord
J , of my own free will, have
madeprofession of the Third Order of St. Francis, into the hands
of the Rev - Director of the Con
gregation established at 1 and I
purpose, with the help ofgrace, to keep the commandments of God,
and to satisfy with exactitude the penances imposed upon me for
my transgressions against the Rule. In faith of which I have
signed this act with my own hand, the day the month and the year
above named, with the Father Director.
(Seal.) Professed.
Director.
NOTICE
ON THE
THIRD ORDER OF ST. FRANCIS,

OB THE
©rUet of penance.
The Third Order of St. Francis, called also the Order

of Penance, the rules, constitutions, and ceremonies
of which are given in the following pages, was insti
tuted by St. Francis of Assisium, in the year 1221.
The life of this great saint, the founder of three
orders, is so familiar to the Catholic world, that it is
unnecessary for us to detain our reader with a repeti
tion of it in this place. It is sufficient that we remind
him that St. Francis had already founded the Order
of Brothers Minor and of Poor Clares ; and so many
persons sought admission into them, that it was feared
lest the social fabric should become weakened from
this general desire to cast off the cares and ties of
earth, and seek heaven in the retirement of the clois
ter, by the rough paths of penance and poverty, so
thoroughly had St. Francis roused the world from
B
2 NOTICE ON THE
the tepidity and vice into which it had fallen. This

was too great an inconvenience to be overlooked by
the paternal prudence of St. Francis, and his practi
cal mind was not long in suggesting a remedy, by
which all the good might be drawn from this religious
movement without disturbing the existing state of
society. He determined to bring the cloister to such
as were unable to go to it, that those who desired
might enjoy the advantages of a religious life, with
out in any way infringing upon obligations already
contracted.
In one of his missionary wanderings, St. Francis
passed by the house of a friend of his youth, named
Luchesio. This man appears at one time to have been
parsimonious and niggardly, but, through the preach
ing of St. Francis, by an especial grace he had of late
become prodigal of charity. He gave abundant alms,
says the history of the times, nursed the sick, and in
every respect led a Christian life, endeavouring to
inspire his wife with the same sentiments.
Luchesio felt there was something still wanting,
and he besought St. Francis to point out to him a
rule of life, suitable to his position, by which he
might advance more surely in the way of salvation.
" I have of late," said St. Francis, " thought of esta
blishing a third order, in which married persons may
serve God perfectly. You cannot do better than
enter it."
Upon this invitation, Luchesio, and Bona Donna
his wife, threw themselves at the feet of our saint,
and earnestly besought the proffered favour.
Thus in the year 1221, in the humble dwelling of
a Tuscan tradesman, was commenced an order that
grew in the following ages till it spread itself over
THIRD ORDER OF ST. FRANCIS. 6
the whole of Christendom, sheltering under its genial

shade children of all nations ; uniting in the sweet
bonds of religious brotherhood the prince and the
peasant, the soldier and the civilian, the humble lay
brother and the Sovereign Pontiff.
History does not inform us what immediate change
took place in the household of Luchesio, but we are
told that Bona Donna and her husband adopted a
simple habit of a gray ash-colour, confined at the
waist by a knotted cord. We presume, however, ,
that St. Francis had not yet matured the plan of his
new order, for some months elapsed before he gave
them the promised rule.
New multitudes now presented themselves, eager
to be enrolled under the banner of St. Francis. Nor
was this religious movement confined to Umbria, the
country of our saint; it rapidly extended itself to
the other parts of Italy, to France, England, Ger
many, Spain, and Portugal ; and later, when the New
World was added to the dominion of the Church,
with the faith, the Franciscan fathers carried thither
the rule of the Third Order, which soon became
widely propagated. A chronicler relates, that in the
year 1686 there were no less than 180,000 Tertians
in India. In 1689, upwards of eighty grandees,
wearing the habit of the Third Order, and over it the
collar of the Golden Fleece, walked in a procession
at Madrid.
In 1793, when the revolution broke out, there
were congregations of secular Tertians in almost
every city and place of any note in Europe. Many
survived this dreadful shock ; others have been added
since; and at the present time the members are
very numerous throughout the continental states;
4 NOTICE ON THE
whilst in our own country there are many who,

under the dress of common life, wear the livery of St.
Francis.
Nor need we be astonished at the wonderful pro
gress of our order, when we consider the great sanc
tity of its founder, the wisdom portrayed in the
rule itself, and the protection, favours, and indul
gences the Sovereign Pontiffs have continually be
stowed upon it, from Honorius III., who approved
> the rule by word of mouth in the lifetime of our
saint, to his present Holiness Pius IX. The latter
has already issued several bulls in our favour; and
to show his attachment to the order, on the day of
his coronation he paid a visit to the Franciscan con
vent of St. Bonaventura in Rome, where he had been
received into the Third Order in 1821.
Poverty, holy poverty—an entire dependence on
the providence of God—was the peculiar characteris
tic of St. Francis; he embraced it as his spouse.
Poets and painters have made this the theme of their
happiest inspirations. He was the first to raise the
standard of strict, of absolute poverty ; and for six
centuries the children of his two first orders have
. been faithful to it.
As persons living in the world, material poverty
is incompatible with our social position ; but detach
ment from the world, indifference to its riches, and
simplicity of life should characterise the Tertian.
None can be admitted into this order but such
as hold true Catholic doctrine, and are faithful child
ren of the Church. They must have no public stain
on their character, and be of irreproachable morals ;
free from animosity, and not of a querulous disposi
tion. Husbands and wives mutually require each
other's approbation, unless there be sufficient reason,

when a tacit consent may suffice.
A year's noviciate is required before profession ;
but this time may, under certain circumstances, be
abridged.
The members of the order are expected to avoid
balls and theatres, not to engage in lawsuits, but to
live in peace and charity with all men. They must
be very compassionate towards their sick members,
assist at the burial of the dead, and pray for them.
Such as have property to dispose of are required to
make their will within three months after their pro
fession, that they may not be troubled about worldly
affairs at the hour of death.
The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin is ap
pointed to be recited daily; but this is commuted
into the Little Office of the Immaculate Conception,
or some other prayers, for those who have not much
time at their disposal.
If they are in a position to do so, the members
of the Third Order are expected to attend daily Mass.
The rule appoints certain days of fasting and
abstinence, but these are readily modified where cir
cumstances require it.
The psalm Miserere is to be recited daily for the
living members of the order, and the De profundis
for the defunct.
In early times, the members of the Third Order
were distinguished by the particular dress prescribed
by the rule ; and in some countries (principally in
Spain and Italy) this is still worn ; but it is consi
dered more prudent at present, in this country, that
the members of the Third Order should not identify
themselves by any external mark, observing only an
b 2
6 NOTICE ON THE
ordinary simplicity of dress, under which they must

wear the little tunic, or scapular, and cord of St.
Francis. As, however, Tertians have the privilege
of being buried in the habit of their order, we re
commend those who can to provide themselves with
it against this solemn occasion; besides which, it
may, with permission, be worn in processions and at
other times.
The above being the principal observances re
quired of those who enter this order, it will be seen
that little is exacted beyond what every good Ca
tholic is in the habit of practising ; whilst almost in
calculable spiritual favours and privileges are offered
in return, some of which are enumerated at the end
of this notice.
We have said that dispensations are readily
granted to such members as are unable to observe
the letter of the rule ; but we must remind our
readers that none should seek admission into the
order but such as have a fair prospect of being able
to fulfil its ordinances, and are desirous to do so ;
and if, in certain cases, it is expedient to relax the
letter of the rule, we must remember that we are
always bound to the spirit of the rule, otherwise our
order would soon lose its vitality and usefulness, and
become a barren tree, encumbering the vineyard of
the Church. In order to preserve this spirit, we
must pray constantly for it ; we must ask it of our
holy founder ; we must meditate his life, and make
ourselves conversant with the lives of the holy men
and women who, having embraced this rule, observed
it faithfully, and are now reaping their reward in
heaven. We should also meditate the rule itself, and
examine ourselves from time to time upon it, more
particularly before receiving the general absolution,

the papal benediction, and at the renewal of our pro
fession.
We must show our gratitude to God by fre
quently thanking Him for the great favour He has
bestowed upon us in bringing us into the order, for
placing within our reach such treasures of grace, for
making us co-partners with so many of His faithful
and illustrious servants.
We will take occasion in this place to caution mem
bers against trying to urge others to join the order.
Too much eagerness in this respect is to be avoided.
It is nevertheless perfectly admissible to point out
the advantages offered by the rule, and to express our
own happiness in having embraced it. The bull of
Benedict XIII. may be referred to as a useful exposi
tion of the rule.
Speaking of the spiritual advantages of the or
der, Father Bruneel says : Although we are all com
manded to aspire to a high degree of perfection, still
we are not all called upon to observe the same prac
tices. Amongst the various means pointed out, some
are of precept,—such as prayer, penitence, watchful
ness, and the like ; whilst others are of counsel,—
such as to sell all that we have, and give the price to
the poor ; not to engage in the bonds of marriage,
that we may be more free to give ourselves up to
works of piety. Those who follow these counsels
deserve special praise, and will receive special re
wards ; yet those who do not follow them merit nei
ther blame nor punishment. The difference of our
organisation is such, that the same route does not
suit all. Thus some aspire to the difficult way,
whilst others seek the more easy, though both lead
8 NOTICE ON THE
to the kingdom of God. The Holy Ghost distributes

His gifts according to His will ; it is for each one of
us to endeavour to learn what it is God requires of
us, and to follow faithfully the light of grace. Let
him who cannot soar like the eagle fly like the spar
row; and if he remain in the turmoil of the world,
let him at least avoid its corruption.
We need not think there is no other asylum for
virtue and perfection than the solitude of the clois
ter. Our legislator and model, Jesus Christ Him
self, only remained forty days in the wilderness,
whilst He spent the rest of His mortal life in the
world St. Jerome was consulted by certain
pious persons, alarmed at the thought of living amidst
the turmoil and dangers of the world, and he replied :
" No matter where your body dwells, provided your
soul is not of the world." And thus it is, that with
out requiring us to withdraw from the world, the
Third Order offers us the consolations of a religious
life. This holy rule helps us to observe the com
mandments of God and the Church ; it is full of
good precepts and wise counsels ; and the example
of the many holy persons who have sanctified them
selves in the Order cannot fail to stimulate us in the
practice of virtue.
It must be remembered, too, that by uniting
himself with their intention, the Tertian participates
in the prayers and good works of all the various
branches of the Franciscan order, extending, as it
does, over the whole of Christendom. Nor are the ad
vantages confined to this life ; for when he shall have
been called hence, prayers, masses, and good works
will still be offered up for the repose of his soul.
And there is yet another privilege, which we will
THIRD ORDER OF ST. FRAKCIS. 9
give in the words of St. Francis himself : " Finding

myself on the side of Mount Alverno, absorbed in
the thought of the Passion of Our Lord Jesus Christ;
the Son of God, after having imprinted on me the
marks of His crucified body, said to me : Knowest
thou what I have done to thee? I have marked
thee with My stigmata, so that thou hast become
my veritable cross-bearer ; and as on the day of My
death I descended into Limbo, and drew forth, by
the merits of My wounds, all the souls that were
there, thus then, also, that thou mayest be conform
able to Me in thy death, as thou hast been in thy
life, thou wilt descend into Purgatory each day of
thy anniversary (4 Oct.), and, by the merits of thy
stigmata, deliver all the souls of thy three Orders
that are there; and the next day thou wilt lead
them into eternal joy."
We cannot conclude this brief notice without
calling attention to the multitude of holy persons,
illustrious by birth and sanctity, who were members
of the Third Order of St. Francis. In the fourteenth
century, out of eleven saints canonized by the Church,
eight were of the Third Order : their names are
St. Clare of Mont Faucon ; St. Elzear and St. Del-
phine, Count and Countess of Arian ; St. Louis,
King of France ; St. Elizabeth, Queen of Portugal ;
St. Roch ; St. Bridget, Queen of Sweden ; and St.
Catherine her daughter ; and later the Church has
placed in the ranks of the saints upwards of thirty
Tertians ; she has beatified forty-five martyrs, and
about three hundred confessors, virgins, and widows,
also members of the Third Order.
Besides these canonized and beatified saints, the
Third Order of St. Francis has given to the world
10 NOTICE ON THE
no less than five popes : these are Gregory IX. ;

Nicholas III. ; Martin VII. ; Alexander VIII. ; and
his present Holiness, Pius IX. The order has pro
duced a number of founders and foundresses of reli
gious orders grafted on the Third Order ; we can
give the names of fifteen. These are : the Blessed
Isabella of France, who founded the Urbanists ; St.
Bridget, who established the Congregation of the
Holy Saviour ; St. Colomban, the Jesuates ; the
Blessed Charles of Mount Carmel, the' Jeronymites ;
the Blessed Angelina de Cobare, the community of
the Third Order of St. Elizabith ; St. Frances, the
Oblates ; St. Frances of Paul, the Minimes ; the
Blessed Joanna of France, the Annonciades ; the
Blessed Angela de Brescia, the Ursulines ; the Blessed
Marie Longa, the Capucinesses ;* St. Ignatius, the
Jesuits ; St. Colette, a reform of the Clares ; the
Duke Amedius of Savoy, who founded the Knights
of St. Maurice ; Cardinal Berulle, the founder of the
Oratory of Jesus in France ; and M. Olier, who
established the celebrated House of St. Sulpice in
Paris.
We have given the names of five popes, some
authors speak of six, as having belonged to our
order ; besides these, there have been cardinals, arch
bishops, bishops, canons, and priests, almost without
number ; a hundred and thirty-four crowned heads,f
emperors, empresses, kings, and queens are enu
merated, besides princes, princesses, nobles, magis
trates, and learned men. To this list of the great
ones of the earth we may add multitudes of the poor
* It is so said by some chroniclers.
+ Catherine of Arragon, queen of Henry VIII., was a most
devout member of the Third Order.
and middle classes, who, though less distinguished

on earth, will be found equally glorious in heaven.
Thus it will be seen that the Third Order of St.
Francis has flourished in all climes, from the icy
regions of the north to the burning sun of the east.
Nor has it been confined to any particular rank ; our
holy rule has been as well received and as faithfully
observed in the emperor's palace as in the shepherd's
cot.
We have hitherto confined our remarks to the
Third Order of St. Francis, established for persons
living in the world ; but it will be well to mention
here, that from this many regular orders have
sprung, and at the present time numerous commu
nities of the Third Order exist throughout Chris
tendom ; these have their own particular constitu
tions, and are perfectly distinct from the secular
Third Order, though the members of the latter have
the happy advantage of participating in their prayers
and good works.
It will be seen that the rule assumes the exist
ence of congregations, and furnishes directions for
their government ; these congregations, however,
can only be carried out where there are several Ter
tians living in the same locality ; still we cannot too
strongly urge on our brothers and sisters in reli
gion to organise themselves as soon as possible, that
they may be in a position to gain the indulgences,
and profit by the other spiritual advantages attached
to the congregational practices.
12 INDULGENCES GRANTED
INDULGENCES AND OTHER FAVOURS

GRANTED TO
THE THIRD ORDER.
The Brothers and the Sisters of the Third Order

(secular and regular) of our seraphic Father St.
Francis, submitted to the Minister-General of the
whole Order of Brother Minors, enjoy all the privi
leges and indulgences granted to the order and to
the churches of the order.
They may also gain any of the indulgences granted
to the other religious orders, congregations, and
societies, even those of the Company of Jesus, arch-
confraternities of Gordiglres, and of the Gonfalon of
the City,* the same as if they had been granted to
themselves.
Innocent XI., 5th Sept. 1686, in his Constitution,
which begins Exponi nobis; Benedict XIII., 10th
Dec. 1725, Paterna sedis, and 5th July 1726, Singu-
laris devotio ; confirmed by Pius VII., 10th Feb.
1818, Pias Chrisli ftdelium ; and by Pius IX., 7th
July 1848, and 11th March 1851, Cum sicut nobis.
* The plenary indulgences granted to the Gonfalon are very
numerous : amongst others, a plenary indulgence on the Feasts
of our Lord, of our Blessed Lady, of the Apostles St. Peter and
St. Paul, of St. Mary Magdalen, of St. Lucy, St. Albert, and the
Forty Martyrs.—Gregory XIII. 6th Aug. 1579.
TO THE THIRD ORDER. 13
Besides these favours, the Sovereign Pontiffs have

granted to the Third Order of Penance the following
indulgences :
Plenary indulgence the day on which the habit
is taken. Paul V., 23d May 1 606, liomanus Pontifex ;
Benedict XIV., 15th March 1751.
Plenary indulgence the day of profession. Paul V.,
23d May 1606; Pius VI, 6th June 1776.
Plenary indulgence every Sunday throughout the
year. Innocent VIII., 24th Sept. 1508, Sacrce reli-
gionis.
Plenary indulgence for assisting at the monthly
and annual re-unions of the congregation. Pius IX.,
14th July 1848 and 17th Aug. 1849.
Plenary indulgence for following the procession
of the Cord of St. Francis (which usually takes place
every month in the Franciscan churches). For those
who do not communicate on those days there is an
indulgence of three years and three quarantines.
Paul V., 11th March 1607, Cum certas.
Plenary indulgence once a month, at choice, for
those who make a quarter of an hour's meditation
daily. Innocent XI., 6th Nov. 1686 ; Innocent XII.,
24th Dec. 1691.
Plenary indulgence for reciting the Crown of our
Blessed Lady, commonly called the Franciscan Crown.
Leo X., 14th Sept. 1517, Exponi nobis; Paul V.,
8th June 1608; confirmed by Innocent XI., 15th
May 1 688, Exponi nobis.
Plenary indulgence for reciting the Rosary of
our Lord, composed of thirty-three Paters and thirty-
three Aves, in honour of His mortal life, or the Seven
Penitential Psalms, or the Gradual Psalms, or the
Office of the Dead. Such persons as are sick may
gain the same indulgence by reciting a psalm or a

hymn of our Blessed Lady or of our Lord. Leo X.,
15th Dec. 1517.
Plenary indulgence on the Feasts of our Lord,
of the Blessed Virgin, of the Holy Apostles Peter
and Paul, of St. Catherine, Virgin and Martyr, on
All Saints, and on every day in Holy Week. Besides
the above, Tertians may receive the general absolu
tion on these days. Leo X., 19th June 1515.
Plenary indulgence and Papal benediction, in form
of grand Jubilee, four times a year, at choice, and at
the article of death. Leo X., 10th Dec. 1519*
Plenary indulgence the titulary day of the
church or chapel of the Third Order. Benedict XIV.,
17th May 1755.
Plenary indulgence every year, on the 16th
April, if the Tertian renews his profession on that
day. Clement XII., 30th March 1765. When Good
Friday falls on the 16th April, the renewal of profes
sion is made on that day, and the Communion the
day before.
Plenary indulgence once a year, for following an
eight-days' spiritual retreat. Alexander VII., 11th
June 1659 ; Pius VII., 6th June 1776.
Plenary indulgence for every Tertian the day of
* It has been objected, that these indulgences and general
absolutions have been revoked by Paul V. in his constitution com
mencing Momanus Pontifex, given at Rome, 23d May 1606 ; and
that the proposition, " The indulgences granted to regulars, and
revoked by Paul V., are again made valid," is condemned by
Alexander VII., 18th March 1666. To this objection we reply,
that the indulgences granted to our Tertians who do not take
the four vows of religion, and who live in the world or in con
vents, have not been revoked by the aforesaid constitution of
Paul V., as is formally declared by Innocent XI., in his brief
10th Oct. 1686, commencing Alien emanavit.
his first Mass, and also to all Tertians who assist at

or who celebrate Mass the same day. Paul V., 23d
May 1606, Romanus Pontifex.
Plenary indulgence on celebrating the twenty-
fifth or fiftieth anniversary of clothing or of profes
sion. Pius VI., 6th June 1776.
Plenary indulgence at the hour of death, for pro
nouncing, by word or in the heart, the holy name
of Jesus. Paul V., 23d May 1606, and 11th March
1607.
Plenary indulgence for dying in the holy habit
of one of the three Orders of St. Francis.* Leo X.,
15th Sept. 1517, Exponi nobis.
In all the churches of the order one of the altars
is privileged. Benedict XIV., 11th Dec. 1748.
Every time that a regular or secular priest says
Mass for a deceased Tertian, this Mass is applied to
the souls of the dead, as if it was said at a privileged
altar. Clement VIII., 20th June 1596, De omnium
salute; Benedict XIV., 24th March 1741, Gum sicut
dilectus.
Gratia altaris privilegiati quotidiani est (per
communicationem) perpetuo concessa sacerdotibus
Tertiariis, qui, ex causis senectutis, infirmitatis ac
imbecillitatis in oratorio aut sacello domestico Missam
celebrant. Benedictus XIV., 22d Sept. 1755.
* This indulgence may be gained by any person not belong
ing to either of the three orders, if he ask and receive before he
dies one or other of the habits, which must be given by a supe
rior of the order, or his delegate. It is sufficient to have this
habit or the scapular on up to the last moment, and to be buried
in it.
ffialtn&ar of other penarp BnUulgmtfs.

JANUARY.
17 SS. Berard and Companions, first Martyrs of the First
Order. Benedict XIV., 18th Oct. 1741.
30 St. Hyacintha, of Marisootti, Virgin of the Third Order.
Pius VII, 17th Nov. 1807.
31 St. Louisa, of Albertoni, Widow ofthoThird Order. Bene
dict XIV., 14th March 1758 : Gregory XVI., 1838 ;
Pius IX., 1848.*
FEBRUARY.
5 SS. Peter, Baptist, and Companions, Martyrs of the First
Order. Clement XII., 13th July 1739.
22 St. Margaret, of Cortona, Penitent of the Third Order.
Benedict XIII., 28th July 1728.
MARCH.
6 St. John Joseph, of the Cross, Confessor of the First Or
der. Gregory XVI., 21st Feb. 1840.
6 St. Collette, Virgin of the Second Order. Pius VII,
17th Nov. 1807.
9 St. Catherine, of Bologna, Virgin of the Second Order.
Clement XI., 21st March 1714.
APRIL.
3 St. Benedict, of Philadelphia, Confessor of the First Order
Pius VII., 17th Nov. 1807.
MAT.
13 St. Peter, of Regalatae, Confessor of the First Order,
Benedict XIV., 23d Aug. 1746.
17 St. Pascal, of Baylon, Confessor of the First Order. Alex
ander VIII., 7th Sept. 1690, Redemptores.
20 St. Bernardin, of Sienna, Confessor of the First Order.
Sixtus V., 28th Sept. 1585, Cum d primceva.
JUNE.
13 St. Antony, of Padua, Confessor of the First Order. Six
tus V., 28th Sept. 1585, Cum d primceva.
19 St. Michelino, Widow of the Third Order. Clement XII.
27th Sept. 1737.
JULY. •
9 St. Nicholas and Companions, Martyrs of Gorcum, of the
First Order. Benedict XIII., 6th Dec. 1728.
14 St. Bonaventura, Doctor of the First Order. Sixtus V.,
28th Sept. 1585, Cum d primceva.
24 St. Francis, of Solane, Confessor of the First Order. Bene
dict XIII., 14th Aug. 1727.
* This indulgence is not perpetual, but it is renewed for a

prescribed time.
AUGUST.
2 Dedication of our Lady of the Angels, called the Portiun-
cula. Granted by our Lord Jesus Christ ; confirmed by
Hdnorius III. ; Gregory XV., 4th July 1622, Splendor
paternce glorias; and Innocent XI., 12th Jan. 1678;
Innocent XII., 18th Aug. 1695, RedemptorU*
12 St. Clare, Virgin of the Second Order. Sixtus V., 28th
Sept. 1585, Cum dprimava.
19 St. Louis, Bishop of Toulouse, of the First Order. Sixtus
V., 28th Sept. 1585, Cum d primava.
25 St Louis, King of France, Confessor of the Third Order.
Benedict XIV., 17th May 1755, Injuncta nobis.
SEPTEMBER.
4 St. Rose, of Viterbo, Virgin of the Third Order. Clement
XI., 14th Jan. 1701.
17 Feast of the Stigmata of our holy Father St. Francis.
Clement XII., 30th Aug. 1734, Ccelestium munerum.
24 St. Pacific, of St. Severin, Confessor of the First Order.
Gregory XVI., 21st Feb. 1840.
OCTOBER.
4 St. Francis, of Assisium, Founder of the Three Orders.
Sixtus V., 28th Sept. 1585.
13 SS. Daniel and Companions, Martyrs of the First Order.
Clement XII., 13th June 1739; Benedict XIV., 20th
June 1748.
19 St. Peter, of Alcantara, Confessor of the First Order.
Clement IX., 2d Oct. 1669.
23 St. John, of Capistrana, Confessor of the First Order.
Alexander VIII., 5th Dec. 1690, Redemptores.
NOVEMBER.
12 St. Didacus, Confessor of the First Order. Clement VIII.,
26th March 1598.
19 St. Elizabeth, of Hungary, Widow of the Third Order.
Benedict XIV., 17th May 1755, Injuncta nohit.
* According to the decisions and decrees of the Sacred Con

gregations of Indulgences, — given 17th July 1700 ; 4th Dec.
1723 ; 27th May 1837 ; 22d Feb. 1847; 24th Dec. 1849,—on the
day of the Portiuncula may be gained, first, a plenary indulgence
for yourself, and afterwards as many plenary indulgences for the
souls in Purgatory as you make visits to the church or chapel to
which the privilege is attached, between the time of the first
Vespers to sunset the next day, praying for some moments for
the intention of the Sovereign Pontiff.
c2
NOVEMBER.
28 St. James, ofPicena, or of La Marche, Confessor of the
First Order. Benedict XIII., 4th Aug. 1727.
29 Feasts of all the Saints of the Three Orders. Clement
XIII., 16th Sept. 1765, Ad humillimus.
DECEMBER.
8 Feast of the Immaculate Conception of our Blessed Lady,
Patroness of the seraphic Order. Benedict XIII., 12th
Dec. 1729.*
Besides the indulgences given above, Tertians can

gain all the indulgences, both plenary and partial,
attached to the stations of the churches of Rome, by
visiting a church, chapel, or oratory of the order, on
the day fixed in the Roman Missal for the Stations,
and there praying for the intentions of the Sovereign
Pontiff. Paul V., 23d May 1606, Bomanus Ponti/ex;
Innocent XL, 7th March 1678, Delates. The days
appointed for gaining these indulgences are :
During Advent : the first, second, and fourth Sun
days, an indulgence of ten years, and as many qua
rantines ; the third Sunday, an indulgence of fifteen
years, and as many quarantines.
The Nativity of our Lord : at the midnight Mass,
and at the second, indulgence of fifteen years, and as
many quarantines; and on the Feast a plenary in
dulgence.
On the three days after Christmas, on the Circum
cision of our Lord, the Epiphany, the Sundays of Sep-
tuagesima, of Sexagesima, and of Quinquagesima, an
indulgence of thirty years, and as many quarantines.
• Tertians can gain all these indulgences in churches,
chapels, or oratories in which they hold their congregations.
The power to erect a congregation must be obtained from the
Minister-General, or the Father-Provincial of the Franciscans ;
but no congregation should be established without the consent
of the ordinary of the diocese.
TO THE THIKD ORDER. 19
The Ember-days, an indulgence of ten years, and

as many quarantines.
In Lent : Ash Wednesday, and on the fourth
Sunday in Lent, an indulgence of fifteen years, and
Palm Sunday, an indulgence of twenty-five years,
and as many quarantines.
Holy Thursday, a plenary indulgence.
Good Friday and Holy Saturday, an indulgence
of thirty years, and as many quarantines.
On all Feasts and Ferias, an indulgence of ten
years, and as many quarantines.
On Easter Sunday, a plenary indulgence, and on
the three days that follow it as well, during the whole
Octave, till the Sunday in cdbis inclusively, an indul
gence of thirty years, and as many quarantines.
On Ascension Day, a plenary indulgence.
At Pentecost, an indulgence of ten years, and as
many quarantines, the Saturday before the Feast.
On the Sunday and the other days of the Octave, an
indulgence of thirty years, and as many quarantines.
On the Feast of St. Mark the Evangelist, and on
the three Rogation-days, there are thirty years, and
Besides the above, Tertians can gain all the in
dulgences, both plenary and partial, attached to the
visiting the Church of St. Mary of the People, and
the other churches of Rome, of Jerusalem, of St.
James of Compostella, and the Portiuncula, by recit
ing before the Blessed Sacrament five Paters, five
Aves, and five Glorias, adding a sixth Pater, Ave, and
Gloria for the Sovereign Pontiff.* Leo X., 10th
* By virtue of a perpetual pontifical rescript of Leo X. and
Paul III., it is sufficient that the Tertians recite this number of
Dec. 1519, Dudum per nos; Innocent XL, 13th

Sept. 1681, Universis ; Innocent XII., 19th May
1694, Debiium pastoralis.
For the consolation of Tertians, we will here cite
the holy places at Jerusalem to which the Sovereign
Pontiffs have attached plenary indulgences :
The island of Jaffa, or any other port at which
pilgrims to Jerusalem land.
The Holy City of Jerusalem.
In St. Saviour's Church at Jerusalem : the Altar
of the Holy Ghost, in commemoration of the Pente
cost ; the Altar of the Institution of the Eucharist ;
the Altar of the Apparition of our Lord to St. Thomas ;
the Temple of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin;
the House of the Pharisee, called also of St. Magda
len, who there received pardon for her sins ; the
Church of St. Ann, and the place of the Conception
and Birth of our Blessed Lady; the Temple of our
Lord, commonly called the Temple of Solomon.
On Mount Sion : the Church of the holy Apostles;
the house in which our Blessed Lady lived and died
after the Ascension of our Lord.
Outside the holy city : the spot on which our
Lord prayed and sweated blood ; the spot where
He was betrayed with a kiss, taken by the Jews, &c. ;
the prints of our Lord's footsteps left on the rock of
Cedron ; the house of Annas, high-priest of the
Jews ; the house of the high-priest Caiphas.
Within the city : on the way of the Cross ;
Pilate's palace, and other holy places; the church
and spot where our Lord was scourged ; Herod's
Paters, &c., no matter at what hour, whether by day or night,
or in what place it may be. (Ferraris, Indulgentia, art. v.,
No. 5; Rodriguez, torn. ii. qusest. 84, art. vii. )
palace ; the arch upon which Pilate showed our

Lord to the Jews, saying, Behold the man.
In the Church of the Holy Sepulchre : the co
lumn at which our Lord was scourged ; the holy
mount of Calvary ; the spot on which our Lord was
crucified, and where He gave up the ghost ; the cleft
in the rock ; the stone of unction ; the Holy Sepul
chre ; the chapel of the apparition of our Lord to
the Blessed Virgin ; the place where the holy cross
was found ; the chapel of St. Helena.
Outside the city, to the east : the tomb of the
Mother of God.
On the Mount of Olives : the spot from which
our Lord ascended to heaven.
From Jerusalem to Bethany : the tomb of Laza
rus ; the stone upon which our Lord sat ; the gate
of the Holy City, called the Golden Gate, by which
our Lord entered on Palm Sunday.
From Jerusalem to the Jordan : the river of
Jordan, and the holy mountain of the forty days.
From Jerusalem to the village Emmaus : the
village itself, and the house of Cleophas, where our
Lord was recognised.
At Bethlehem : the grotto of the Birth of our
Lord, in which is the spot where He was born, was
laid in the manger, and where He was adored by the
Magi ; the church of St. Catherine, Virgin and
Martyr ; the church of St. Agnes, where the birth of
our Lord was announced to the shepherds.
In the mountains of Judea : the church and spot
where St. John the Baptist was born.
In Judea : the city of Naim ; Mount Tabor ;
the city of Nazareth and the church of the Annun
ciation ; the city of Cana in Galilee , Mount Sinai,
or of St. Catherine.
Besides these holy places, to which plenary indul

gences are attached, there are one hundred and sixty
places at which partial indulgences of seven years
and seven quarantines may be gained, but the enu
meration of these will lead us too far ; they may,
however, be found in a work entitled L'Elucidation
historique, theologique, et morale de la Terre-Sainte,
par F. Francois Quaresmius de Lodi. We dare not,
however, guarantee that all these indulgences are
authentic, not having been able to find them in the
bulls of the Sovereign Pontiff ; still we are disposed
to believe them so, more particularly as the Chevalier
Artand de Montor, a celebrated writer, affirms that
Father Quaresmius is a well-informed, judicious
writer, and one who may be considered as a double
authority, since he is a practical theologian, and
exercised the functions of Custos and Apostolic
Vicar of the Holy Land. (Considerations sur Jeru
salem?) Monseigneur Mislin, Secret Chamberlain to
his Holiness Pius IX., also gives the names of all the
holy places to which plenary and partial indulgences
are attached. (Les Saints Lieux, torn. ii. note, p.
299.)
OTHER PARTIAL INDULGENCES.
An indulgence of 560 days for assisting at the

monthly assembly of the Congregation (Clement V.,
8th May 1305, Cum Uluminatum) to those who
have communicated a plenary indulgence.
Three years and three quarantines each time a
Tertian living in community says his Culpa to the
Chapter. Paul V., 23d May 1606, Romanus Pon-
lifex.
Five years and five quarantines each time a
TO THE THIRD ORDER, 23
Tertian accompanies the Blessed Sacrament to the

sick. Paul V., 11th March 1607, Cum certas.
Seven years and seven quarantines (besides the
plenary to those who communicate) for visiting a
church or chapel of the order on the Feast of St.
Margaret of Cortona, 22d Feb.; St. Bernardin of
Sienna, 20th May ; St. Antony of Padua, 13th June ;
St. Elizabeth of Portugal, 8th July ; St. Bonaventura,
14th July ; St. Clare, 12th August ; St. Louis, King
of France, 25th August ; the Stigmata of St. Francis,
17th Sept. ; St. Elizabeth of Hungary, 19th Nov. j
and one Sunday or festival each month, at choice,
it being approved by the superiors of the order.
Paul V., 11th March 1607, Cum certas; and Bene
dict XIV., 15th March 1751, Ad Romanum Ponti-
ficem.
The same popes have granted Tertians a hundred
days:
Each time they assist at the divine office, at the
spiritual conferences, exhortations, or any other exer
cise of piety.
Every time they give hospitality to a poor per
son.
Every time they reconcile, or try to do so, per
sons living at enmity with each other.
Every time they assist at an interment, or, being
prevented from doing so, every time they recite to
the sound of the bell the Pater and an Ave for the
repose of the soul of the defunct.
Every time they assist at processions.
Every time they visit prisoners or sick persons,
either in the hospitals or in their own homes, and in
general for any other work of piety or charity. All
these indulgences may be applied to the souls in
Purgatory. Paul V., Gregory XV., 10th Nov. 1622,

and Benedict XIV.
We do not notice several other plenary indul
gences, which we have not been able to verify, and
of which we cannot point out the origin. We also
pass in silence the numerous partial indulgences
attached to the visiting our churches, assisting at our
offices, to various prayers, and other pious works.
To gain them it is only necessary to direct the in
tention thereto in the morning, though we may not
be cognisant of each particular indulgence. Innocent
XII., 24th Dec. 1691.
REMARKS ON THE INDULGENCES.
1. To gain a plenary indulgence, three conditions

are prescribed : confession, communion, and a visit
to a church or chapel of the order.* But the state
of grace is sufficient in order to gain the plenary in
dulgences attached to the Franciscan Crown, the
Rosary of our Lord, to the Seven Penitential Psalms,
to the Gradual Psalms, or to the Office for the Dead ;
as also to the Stations at Rome, Jerusalem, St. James,
and the Portiuncula. It is the same with respect to
the Papal benediction. The state of grace further
suffices for gaining the partial indulgences. Benedict
XIV, 18th Oct. 1741.
2. The time prescribed for the visits is from the
first vespers on the vigil, that is to say, according
to custom, two o'clock till sunset the following
day.
* In places where there is no church or chapel of the order,
the visit must be made to the parish church ; and to the chapel
indicated by the Director, in case there is a congregation of
Tertians. Benedict XIV.
3. Those who are accustomed to confess weekly

are not required to make an especial confession for
the indulgences. Clement XIII., 9th Dec. 1763.
4. Sick and infirm persons who are not able to
fulfil all that is appointed by the bulls and rescripts
to gain the indulgence, can participate in the same
favours by reciting at their own homes the usual
prayers, according to the intention of the Sovereign
Pontiffs ; for example, five Paters, five Aves, and
five Glorias, or in following the advice of their con
fessor. Benedict XIV., 11th Sept. 1755.
BULL OF BENEDICT XIII.
BULL OF BENEDICT XIII.

IN FAVOUR OF
THE THIRD ORDER.
BENEDICT, SERVANT OF THE SERVANTS OF GOD.

To serve as an eternal monument.
The natural interest the Apostolic See takes in such

of the faithful as serve the Lord under the habit of
humility and penance, has often induced the Roman
Pontiffs, our predecessors, to confirm the favours that
have been granted to the Third Order, to renew and
to clothe afresh with the apostolic sanction the ap
probations already given, that the existence of these
privileges may be the more certain, inasmuch as the
apostolic authority presents itself thus often to con
firm them.
With this view, the same Roman Pontiffs, our
predecessors, wishing to provide for the tranquillity,
the good administration, and the increase of the
Order of Tertians of St. Francis, commonly called
the Order of Penance, of that order which, under the
three forms of secular, congregational, and regular,
has always given to the Church, and is still eager to
produce abundant fruits of fervour and enlighten
ment ;—these Pontiffs, we say, have long promul
gated, at different epochs, a great number of briefs,
in which they accord, increase, extend, and confirm
divers favours, concessions, liberties, prerogatives,
IN FAVOUR OF THE THIRD ORDER. 27
privileges, immunities, exemptions, indulgences, de
clarations, faculties, and indults, either immediately
and directly for them, or in conjunction with the
other orders, more particularly the Order of Brothers
Minor ; favours and privileges an explanation of
which may be seen at length in these same apostolic
letters.
Seeing, however, that in spite of these conces
sions, explanations, declarations, extensions, com
munications, and confirmations, we have learned that
it is not yet settled as fully as is necessary for the
tranquillity of the said order, and of those who pro
fess it ; for some persons pretend, either that these
favours and indults have fallen into disuse, or that
they have been revoked or restricted, or, in a word,
that they no longer exist so far as regards the direc
tion, the care, and administration of the said Tertians,
or at least that they only apply to regular Tertians,
who live in the cloister or in congregations, and that
they in no way apply to secular persons living in the
world, although this order was instituted by the
blessed Francis himself in favour of persons of both
sexes living in the world, and even married and
dwelling at their own houses ; whilst it was only
erected into a religious congregation at the end of
the fourteenth century :
Seeing, then, that the ordinaries, in certain places,
molest and trouble these Tertians by controversies
and suits, to the great detriment of the institute and
the tranquillity of the brothers and sisters; we, after
having maturely considered the use this order has
been in times past, and with the grace of God will be
in times to come, to the Catholic religion, and in the
reform of morals by the example of humility and
28 BULL OF BENEDICT XIII.
abnegation in its members, we, wishing to provide,

as is suitable, and with greater surety for the pre
servation, the increase, and the tranquillity of the
brothers and sisters, of our own impulse, without
being urged by the brothers or sisters, or by any
demand made to us by any one at all in their favour,
but purely spontaneously on our part, with full
knowledge of the case, out of love for the poverty
they profess ; we, by the tenure of these presents,
stop, annul, and ordain, that every discussion or suit,
whether in the first or second stage, whether actually
pending, before whatever judge or tribunal, even
though such judge or tribunal may be exempt or
privileged, or even though by an especial mission
foresigned by our own hand, we ordain that such
discussion or suit be buried in an eternal oblivion,
even though the cause shall be before the auditors of
the causes of the apostolic palace or sacred congrega
tions, or even before our legates or delegates a latere
of the Holy See, without even excepting cases where
the cause shall be already determined, the proper and
Christian names of the judges and parties subscribed,
the circumstances explained, our present letter shall
be sufficient, even though, in fine, the case shall have
been referred to us.
Moreover, by the tenure of these presents, we
approve and confirm all the briefs and favours, as
much spiritual as temporal, all concessions, indul
gences, exemptions, indults, privileges, communica
tions, extensions, liberties, prerogatives, favours, re
mission of sins, and other advantages of the kind,
accorded by the Roman Pontiffs, our predecessors,
under whatever form they may be, as much in gene
ral as in particular, immediately, or directly, or in
connection with other orders, more particularly that
of the Brothers Minor, either to the above-named
Brothers and Sisters of Penance, either to their
monasteries, houses, conservatories, and other places,
whatever may be their name, churches, oratories, or
chapels ; and we will that the tenure of their briefs
be invested with the same force of expression as if
they had been inserted textually in the present
letter. As a further guarantee, we accord anew, and
we concede each of these favours by virtue of our
apostolic power.
To put an end, as far as it is given us from on
high, to the calumnies against this order, faithful to
the example of our predecessors, who have approved,
confirmed, and eulogised this mode of life, we declare
this same order always to have been, and still to be,
holy, meritorious, and conformable to Christian per
fection : further, forming an order truly and properly
so called, comprising in one whole persons living in
the world, persons living in congregations, and re
gulars scattered over the face of the earth, entirely
distinct from every other association, according to
the tenure of the bull Recolendce memorice, of Clement
VIII., because it has its particular rule approved by
the Holy See, its noviciate, its profession, and a habit
of a determined form, as is usual with other orders,
both regular and military, and others of the same kind.
And further, we approve, we confirm of our own
accord, and in virtue of our apostolic authority we
sanction in perpetuity the above rule, approved and
confirmed in due form by the Roman Pontiffs, our
predecessors of happy memory : to wit, Nicholas IV.,
for Tertians of both sexes, in every state of life,
either ecclesiastics, or laics living in the world under
d 2
their own roofs, and even in the matrimonial state,

the 14th of the calends of September 1289 ; by Cle
ment V., the 3d of the calends of September 1308 ;
in fine, by Gregory IX., the 8th of the ides of
February 1372, and by others ; adapted to persons
who take the three substantial vows, by Pope Leo X.,
in his letters which commence Inter caetera, given at
Eome the 20th January 1521.
But as it has happened, and will happen again
in our days, that the secular brothers of the above-
named order, contemning the authority of the
Minister-General of the Order of Minors, and of the
respective provincials, to the care and jurisdiction of
whom the Holy See has submitted them, not only
refuse to obey them, but even pretend to command
without any power to do so, thus disturbing the
order, and turning from its true sense the aforesaid
rule, the statutes, the constitutions of our predeces
sors, in spite of the formal prohibition against it;
on several occasions the local ordinaries, either of
their own accord, or at the instigation of the mem
bers of the Third Order, having abusively extended
their hand to a harvest that does not belong to
them, have only produced tares instead of good
grain ; we, remembering that formerly this Third
Order of seculars, that is, those who live under their
own roofs, during the whole time they remained
obedient to its statutes, not only reformed the de
praved morals of the people, but also produced
abundant fruits of the highest sanctity; desiring to
restore to it all the splendour of its primitive ob
servance, of our own accord, and in virtue of the
plenitude of the apostolic power, not only we ap
prove and confirm all and every apostolic brief that
accords any superiority, pre-eminence, and authority
over the Brothers and Sisters of the same institute,
to the first Minister-General of the said Order of
Minors, and to the other secondary ministers, but
further, we renew the powers accorded, and we
sanction them in perpetuity after having examined
them anew, particularly those contained in the briefs
of Innocent IV., commencing Vota devotorum,, given
at Lyons the ides of June 1246; of Nicholas IV.,
commencing Unigenitus Dei JUius, given at Civita
Vecchia the 6th of the ides of August 1290 ; of
Martin V., commencing Romani Pontificis provi-
dentia, given at Rome the 18th of the calends of
January 1471 ; of Alexander VI., commencing Ex-
poni nobis, given at Rome the 6th May 1500 ; of
Julius II., commencing Exponi nobis fecistis, given
at Eome the 15th Oct. 1507 ; of Leo X., commencing
Superioribus, given at Rome the 14th May 1517;
and, in fine, of St. Pius V., commencing Ea est officii
nostri, given at Rome the 5th of the nones of July
1508.
We extend, moreover, to the Third Order through
out, all the apostolic indults or privileges concerning
the government and direction of such and such Con
gregation of this Order in particular, especially those
which have been addressed to the Tertians of Ferrara
by John XXIIL, the initials of which are, Cum,
privilegiis et litteris apostolicis ovmhigitur, given at
Bologna the 16th of the calends of July 1414; and
in others of Pius II. in favour of the kingdom of
Castile, commencing with Pia Deo et ecclesice desi-
deria, given in the abbey of Holy Saviour, at Chiusia,
the 3d of the ides of July 1462; in others also of
Paul III. in favour of the Tertians of Spain, com
mencing with Exponi nobis, given at Rome 14th of

Sept. 1537 ; in others of the same Paul III., also
for Spain, commencing Ad fructus uberis, given at
Rome the 5th of the nones of July 1547 ; of others
of Alexander VII., for Spain, commencing Exponi
nobis, given at Rome the 28th July 1657 ; as also
in others of Innocent XIII., for Brazil, commencing
Ordines et congregationes, given at Rome the 13th
January 1724. Confirming, then, in virtue of the
apostolic authority, all these briefs, and others simi
lar, which attribute the direction and government of
the Order of the Brothers Minor, we extend them to
the Third Order throughout, and we amplify them.
Thus it is we command, to all and each professed
person of the said institute throughout the world,
present and future, in whatever state, grade, or con
dition, as much those who live in their own houses
and in the state of marriage as those who live in
congregations and in the cloister, bound by the three
religious vows, that, since they acknowledge one
founder and patriarch, with the first and second
Order of Minors and Clarists, they also honour and
venerate, and acknowledge one and the same legiti
mate successor to this founder, as their father and
the chief of the whole Franciscan family and of the
three orders that compose it, the Minister-General,
as also his secondary delegates, provincials, guardians,
commissaries, and visitors, as their legitimate and
true superiors, so as to conform to their judgments
in all doubts and controversies on the rule and
statutes ; they must obey them in all things that re
late to the order, and are not contrary to the rule.
If they act otherwise, we decree and ordain that they
be struck out of the order, deprived of the habit, and
consequently enjoy no more of the graces and privi

leges of Tertians.
Nevertheless, it is not our intention by this
decree in any way to prejudice the regular Tertians
of Italy, nor to modify in any thing the constitution
of Sixtus V., of happy memory, our predecessor,
commencing with Romani Ponti&ds providentia,
given at Rome the 19th March 1586; we declare,
on the contrary, that it exists in all its force, and as
a further guarantee we confirm it anew, giving abso
lutely the same article for religious who take the
three essential vows, and also for the other Tertians
who live in common in the conservatories ; to wit,
that they be submitted in full right to the visit, to
the direction, and to the correction of the Brothers
Minor, at least unless the Holy See may have decreed
especially to the contrary.
We exhort the same Minister-General of the
entire order, to walk in the footsteps of his blessed
father, St. Francis ; to erect by his letters patent, or
those of his Commissioner-General, congregations of
the Third Order for seculars, both brothers and
sisters, in all the places and provinces confided to
him throughout the world ; to animate and govern
with zeal the congregations thus erected, according
to the constitutions and statutes approved by Paul
III. of happy memory, our predecessor, or according
to those contained in the Seraphic Mirror, inserted
in the Directory of the Third Order, and confirmed
by Popes Innocent XI., XII., and XIII., statutes
which we renew and approve by the tenure of these
presents, at least if it does not appear more expedient
in the Lord to the Minister-General to decide other
wise : we grant them for this full right and authority
34: BULL OF BENEDICT XIII.
to innovate, change, increase, or diminish, and to

enact what may appear necessary for the good ad
ministration of the said family, provided, however,
they do not derogate from the said rule and sacred
canons, according to the tenure of the letters of
Clement VII., commencing Dum inheres fructus,
given at Rome the 15th March 1526; and this faci
lity we accord and concede to perpetuity.
Furthermore, penetrated with zeal for the ad
vancement and increase of the said order, faithful to
the constitutions of our predecessors, we accord
specially to the same Minister-General the faculty to
receive into the order, by his secondary superiors,
furnished for this effect with the necessary powers,
all the faithful of both sexes, according to the rights
and usages of the said order ; to appoint a commis
sioner, a visitor, or a confessor of ripe age, and com
mendable for the regularity of his habits, to admi
nister the ecclesiastical sacraments, instruct them in
the precepts of the rule, convoke the assemblies, and
preside over them as over all other functions, and
when an equal division of votes occurs, to give a
double vote ; to visit at suitable times himself, or
through his provincial ministers, or again through
his visiting commissioners, to the exclusion of the
local ordinaries, or any other person, of whatever
state, grade, condition, or authority, to visit these
same congregations, their houses, oratories, chapels,
hospitals ; to instruct all the members, paternally to
correct them, and to reform them, both superiors and
subjects, even to depriving them of the habit, accord
ing as he shall see they require correction and re
form ; to enact useful measures according to the
constitutions of the same order, and to put them in
IN FAVOUR OP THE THIRD ORDER. 35
execution according as it may appear expedient to
him in the Lord.
We also confer on him the power to examine and
to inform himself, through his visitors, as to the
state of the books and account of the revenues and
possessions of the said congregations whenever he
shall think fit, without, however, interfering in their
administration, or in the collection and distribution
of alms ; to see that the officers and persons employed
satisfy, at proper times and in a suitable manner,
the pious works, the legacies, and charges enjoined
on the said congregation, as also its debts ; and as a
further guarantee, we expressly confirm the disposal
of Innocent XI., in his letters in the form of briefs,
commencing Exponi nobis, given at Rome the 10th
February 1688, on the accounts to be rendered of
all the monasteries and their stewards to the Supe
riors of the Order of Minors, either of the brothers
who live in the world in their own houses, or of
sisters who live together in congregations.
We will further, that the Tertians who live in
their families show themselves in all things indiffer
ent to the things of this world ; and that by their
example they inspire others with the same spirit.
We permit them, also, by the tenure of these pre
sents, to assist in public processions, at interments,
and other religious ceremonies, preceded by their
cross or that of the Brothers Minor, and clad in the
habit appointed by the constitutions of the order.
To avoid irregularity and disputes, we forbid all
those who are not subjects of the said general, and
who have received power from the Holy See to
found Third Orders for seculars, to use this privi
lege, under any pretexts whatever, in any place where
a Third Order is already established ; and more par

ticularly we forbid them to receive under their direc
tions congregations already established, -which may
wish to separate from the convent in which and
under whose government and direction they have
been erected.
We declare null and without effect all that others
may have attempted to innovate and command be
yond the will of the aforesaid Superiors of the Order
of Minors. We declare also that all Third Orders
that may be erected for the future in opposition to
our constitutions, that is to say, in localities where
others have already been erected and founded, or
that may be removed from one convent to another,
more particularly if the convent to which they are
removed is not submitted to the same Minister-Ge
neral, we declare that such congregations no longer
form part of the Third Order approved by the Holy
See, and that they in no wise enjoy the indulgences
accorded to the Third Orders by the same Apostolic
See.
Now, in order to induce the faithful to seek
more earnestly this precious institute, and, having
found it, never to abandon it, but more joyfully to
follow the exercises of piety and humility which St.
Francis has prescribed in his rule, we approve all
and every concession and favour, spiritual and tem
poral, particularly the indulgences granted by the
Roman Pontiffs, our predecessors, whoever they may
be, to both congregations of the Third Order, to secu
lars or regulars, to their persons, monasteries, houses,
conservatories, churches, hospitals, and places of every
kind, accorded directly or specially, or from their
connexions with other Orders of the Minors, or St.
Clare, the preachers, the Augustinians, the Carmel
ites and other mendicants ; as also with the arch-
confraternities of the Cordigeres, and of the Gonfalon
of the City, under whatever form and expression they
have been conceded, we confirm them, we grant
them anew, particularly those that are found in the
apostolic letters of our predecessors, of happy me
mory :
Of Clement V., beginning with Cum illuminatum
sit, given the 8th May 1305.
Of Sixtus IV., beginning with Sacri predicato-
rum et Minorum Fratrum ordines, given the calends
of August 1479.
Of Leo X., beginning with Dubium per nos ac-
cepto, given the 10th Dec. 1319.
Of Clement VII., beginning with Ad uberes,
given in 1523.
Of Paul III., beginning with Ad uberes fructus,
given 8th Nov. 1584.
Of Clement VIII., beginning with Ratio pas-
toralis officii, given 20th Dec. 1597.
Of Paul V., beginning with Cum certas, given
21st March 1607.
Also the Indulgences contained in a number of
other briefs ; for example :
Those of Innocent XI., commencing Universis,
given 30th Sept. 1681 ; Eccksice Catholicce, given
28th June 1686; Exponi nobis, given 5th Sept.
1686; Alias animavit, given 10th Oct. 1686; Ex
poni nobis, given 15th May 1688.
As also those of Innocent XII., beginning with
Ad ea, given 24th Dec. 1692 ; Debitum, given 19th
May 1694; Sua nobis, given 17th of the calends of
January 1695 ; Cum sicut dUectus, given 21st Nov.
1696 ; Exponi nobis, given 3d Dec. 1697 ; and Ex

debito pastorali.
In fine, all the favours contained in the letters
of the other Roman Pontiffs, our predecessors, ac
corded to the said order, we renew and confirm
them by the authority of the above tenure ; we de
clare that our apostolic letters have, and will always
have, in perpetuity, their value and efficacy ; that
they must obtain their entire, full, and integral
effect ; that they must be respected firmly and in
violably by all those whom this duty concerns, and
will concern, in whatever manner it may be ; no
matter the time or chief, no matter the reason,
though it be pious, legitimate, or juridical, even
though the above-named Third Order, and all the
others cited, as also all those which have, or pre
tend to have, any manner of right or interest, cause,
reason, action, and occasion, have not consented to
these favours, have not been called, cited, or heard ;
or still again, because the causes urged to obtain
these present letters have neither been presented
nor justified, but are stained with the flaw of sub
reption or obreption, or nullity, or of invalidity ;
or again, of defect of intention on our part, or of
any other defect, however great, substantial, incon-
ceived or inconceivable, requiring special and indi
vidual mention and expression; or again, because
in our letters, or in any part of them, we may not
have observed and fulfilled the formalities, solemni
ties, and other things required to be observed and
fulfilled ; from whatever reason, in fine, it may arise,
fiom whatever chief it may originate, from right,
fact, statutes, or custom, under whatever pretext,
colour, motive, clause in the code of laws, occasion
or other cause, even the most just, the most reason
able, legitimate, juridical, pious, privileged, and
even though it be of such a nature as to require to
be expressed for the validity of our letters, or that
without this expression our will cannot be esta
blished or proved ; they cannot contest, invalidate,
or retract these same letters, summon them to
judgment or before the tribunal, or restrict them to
the terms of law, nor obtain against them the obli
gation of restitution to their integrity, the opening of
the mouth, the restriction to the course and terms of
law, or any other expedient of facts, favour, or jus
tice ; nor to make use in any way of a concession
obtained or promulgated, even with the motu pro-
prio, the certain knowledge and the plenitude of the
apostolic power ; nor to take advantage of it in or
out of judgment. We declare that the present letters
must not be judged nor defined according to any
revocation, suspension, limitation, modification, or
like derogation ; nor according to any contrary dis
posal by us and by the Roman Pontiffs our succes
sors ; nor by the Apostolic See even the day after
the elevation of our successor to the supreme apostle-
ship ; nor by other letters motu proprio, with certain
knowledge given in consistory, whatever may be the
cause, the tenure of the words, the decrees made
and accorded, when even special mention shall be
made of these our present apostolic letters, of their
entire tenure and date ; but these letters must be
always and entirely excepted, and as often as they
shall be produced, so often shall they be returned,
replaced, and completely reinstated in their original
position, with all their validity, as they were before;
they must be accorded anew, however posterior the
date may be, so that they may be defined as at pre

sent, and not as others different in any thing above
named, by whatever judges it may be, either by the
ordinaries or delegates to hear the causes of the
apostolic palace, cardinals of the Roman Church, or
even legates a latere, vice-legates of the said See, and
all others, whatever may be their authority, power,
prerogatives and privileges, to whatever dignity or
authority they may be raised ; we deprive them, and
whoever it may be, of any power or authority to in
terpret and judge otherwise in whatever judgment
or case it may be ; and we declare null and without
effect every attempt at the contrary made with a
knowledge of the cause or in ignorance, whatever
may be the dignity and authority of him who may
dare to do it.
Therefore it is that we charge with these present
our well-beloved son, the Minister of the whole Order
of the Brothers Minor, and all his successors for the
future, and we enjoin them to publish solemnly these
present letters and all they contain, either in person
or by other religious whom they may approve and
delegate, in such places and at such times as this
publication shall be necessary ; and as many times
as it may be required, we call upon them, in our
name, as apostolic delegates, to this effect to defend
these letters with due energy, and to cause them to
be observed inviolably by all those whom they con
cern, or may concern for the future ; and to oppose
any act of a nature to prevent the members of the
said order enjoying in peace all the advantages these
present accord them. We charge them to defend
them, if they should ever be molested, troubled, or
disturbed, in any manner and against all justice, by
IN FAVOUE OF THE THIRD ORDER. 41
the local ordinaries, or by any other of whatever
authority ; declaring null and without effect all that
shall be done, or have been done, in opposition to
our views ; never tolerating either divisions, disputes,
or troubles amongst the members of the Third Order,
— particularly those who live in the world,— nor
attacks against those who, according to the tenure
of these present, are submitted to the said Order of
Minors ; nor disobedience to the Religious of the
First Order, nor rebellions against their authority
over this Third Order, against their correction, their
jurisdiction, and their privileges, under any pretext,
reason, or cause that may have been raised or insti
tuted; reprimanding the rebels by censures, eccle
siastical pains, and the other suitable means of right
and fact ; inflicting these censures several times, and
even augmenting them, in case of necessity, so far as
to call in the secular arm, after having fulfilled the
formalities required under similar circumstances.
In consequence, without stopping at what our
predecessor Boniface VIII., of happy memory, has
said of the necessity of an admonition, and what the
General Council says of the necessity of two,— not
withstanding certain decrees perhaps contrary to the
aforesaid points in some matters of form ; the gene
ral or special institutions ; the apostolic ordinances ;
and even, if necessary, the statutes of the Third
Order ; reforms and additions to these same statutes,
thougb they be confirmed by oath, the apostolic
seal, or any other guarantee,—notwithstanding esta
blished customs, though they be from time immemo
rial; the privileges and indults; apostolic letters,
under whatever tenure or form they may be, even to
modify or annul the most or the least important
e2
points ; and all other general or special decrees, even

rnotu proprio and of certain knowledge, and even con-
sistorial, accorded under whatever form it may be
against the tenure of these present, by a motu pro
prio and of certain knowledge, approved, renewed,
and confirmed several times, when it may even be
expressly appointed that nothing can be altered in
what may have been decreed by any apostolic letter,
or even by the motu proprio, made in consistory, ac
corded in perpetuity for a certainty, and in virtue of
the plenitude of the apostolic power, containing all
the clauses possible, at least unless such modifica
tions have been made in consistory, and proclaimed
by divers letters,—notwithstanding all these decrees
(although, instead of being included in general
clauses, there may be special, express, and individual
mention made, word for word), we modify, for this
once, all the ordinances and each one of them, what
ever may be their tenure, form, and the cause that
led to them, in order to assure validity and effect to
these present letters, and each of the articles therein
included, expressed; and specified, word for word,
without any omission ; and we modify especially,
expressly, and in a manner the most complete, all
that shall be contrary to them, maintaining, at the
same time, their force on all other points.
We will, besides, that all the translations or copies
of these present letters, after having been signed by
the hand of one of the secretaries of the Minister or
General Commissioner of the said order, or by a
public notary, and being stamped with the official
seal of the said Minister or Commissioner, or Gene
ral Procurator of the same order, or of any other
person constituted in ecclesiastical dignities ; we will
that they obtain the same force, in judgment and out
of judgment, which the same present letters would
have were they exhibited and presented.
Let it not be permitted, then, for any man to
weaken this writing of our confirmation, renovation,
approbation, concession, extension, ordinance, favour,
decree, will, order, and derogation, or to violate it in
any way. If any one pretend to attempt it, let him
know that he will incur the indignation of the all-
powerful God, and of the blessed Apostles St. Peter
and St. Paul.
Given at Kome, in the Church of St. Peter, the
year of our Lord 1725, the 4th of the ides of De
cember, the second year of our Pontificate.
4:4 GRANT OF PIUS IX. IN FAVOUR OF
GRANT OF PIUS IX.

IN FAVOUR OF
THE TEKTIANS IN ENGLAND.
Bmo. Padre,—M. Talbot, Cameriere Segreto della

S. V. espone, che i molti Terziarii dell' ordine dl S.
Francesco esistenti in Inghilterra trovansi molto im-
barrazzati per soddisfare l'opera ingiunta della visita
delle chiese Francescane, delle quali tre sole esistono
cola, onde lucare le SS. Indulgenze. Supplica quindi
perchS vengano autorizati i respettivi Vesconi a de
signate una o piu chiese nelle loro diocesi in surro-
gazioni delle Francescane, che mancano.
Ex audientia SSmi habita die lma Januarii
1854.
SSmus Dominus noster Pius divina Providentia
P.P. IX. referente me infrascripto S. Congnis. de
Propaganda Fide Secreto. benigne annuit pro gratia
juxta petita.
Dat. Romse ex sed. die. S. Congnis. die et anno ut
supra.
Gratis sine ulla solutione quovis titulo.
(Sigillum) Al. Barnabo, ct Secretio.
TRANSLATION.
Holt Father,—Whereas many Tertians of the
Order of St. Francis, residing in England, find great
THE TERTIANS IN ENGLAND. 45
difficulty in performing one of the works enjoined

them for the gaining of indulgences granted to their
order, viz. the visit to some Franciscan church (of
which only three are to be found in the whole of that
country), Monsignor Talbot, private chamberlain of
your Holiness, humbly supplicates in their behalf
that the Bishops of the several dioceses in England
may be authorised to supply the want of these Fran
ciscan churches, by assigning, each, one or more
churches within the limits of his jurisdiction, to which
the said visit may be paid, and the same indulgence
be thereby gained.
In an audience of his Holiness, had on the 1st
day of January 1854, our most holy Father the
Pope, by divine Providence Pope Pius IX., at the in
stance of the undersigned secretary of the said Con
gregation for the Propagation of the Faith, graciously
granted this favour, pro gratia juxta petila.
Given at Rome, in the palace of the said Congre
gation, in the day and the year above mentioned.
Gratis, without any payment on any pretext
whatever.
(Signed) Alexander Barnabo, Sec.
46 RULE OF THE THIRD ORDER
ftule of tije Eijirli ©rter of St. jfrancte,

AS CONTAINED IN THE
BULL OF POPE NICHOLAS IV.

WITH ILLUSTRATIVE NOTES.
Nicholas, Bishop, servant of the servants of the

Lord, to our well-beloved Sons and our well-beloved
Daughters in Jesus Christ, the Brothers and Sisters
of the Order of Penance, present and to come, salva
tion and apostolic benediction.
It is certain that the solid foundation of the
Christian religion will never be shaken by the
violence of storms, or overthrown by the rage of
tempests, inasmuch as it is established on the
Catholic faith which the Church preserves in all its
purity, such as the disciples of Jesus Christ, glowing
with divine love, zealously preached to the nations
buried in the darkness of paganism.
This is the sound and perfect faith, without which
none can appear worthily in the presence of the most
high God, nor be pleasing to His divine majesty.
This is the faith that prepares the way of salvation,
and holds out the hope of eternal felicity.
To obtain this divine treasure St. Francis, that
glorious founder of this order, desiring to point out
to men, by his word and example, the way that leads
OF ST. FRANCIS. 47
to God, taught his children this pure faith, command

ing them to profess it publicly, to preserve it with
constancy, and to reduce it to practice by uniting
the holiness of good works to the truth .of their be
lief, that, after having walked happily in the way of
salvation, they might enter into the possession of a
blessed eternity.
CHAPTER I.
THE WAT IN WHICH THOSE SHOULD BE EXAMINED WHO WISH TO
ENTER THE ORDER.
We, then, who desire to bestow on this order our

especial favours, and who watch over its extension
with all possible love and zeal, ordain :
1. That such as may be called to embrace this
manner of life, before their reception be interrogated
in the Catholic faith and the obedience they owe to
the Church ; and if they are found to be sincere and
constant, they may be received.
2. Care must be taken not to admit any heretic,
or person suspected of holding heretical opinions, or
noted for any infamy.
3. Should such a one be received by mistake, he
must be denounced immediately.
Note.—To preserve the regularity and harmony
that ought to reign in the congregations of the Third
Order, it is of the greatest importance that the proper
authority should be rightly informed with respect to
the admission of subjects. For this purpose St.
Francis, in the first chapter of his rule, gives some
instructions, pointing out such persons as may be
received into the order, and such as must be ex
cluded.
1. Thus, then, before admitting any one to re
ceive the habit, it must be ascertained that he is
faithful and obedient to the Roman Church. This
may be known either through his public reputation,
or from the testimony of individuals worthy of credit,
or from the especial examination into the life and
belief of the postulant made by the director, superior,
or other discreet person of the congregation. This,
however, is not necessary when the postulant is known
to have the generous faith and intrepid courage of a
true disciple of Jesus Christ.
2. During the time of probation the director will
endeavour to discover of himself, or through the
members o£ the council, the qualifications, character,
and piety of the postulants, so that he may be assured
they are fitted for a penitential life. It must be ob
served, however, that too much virtue need not be
exacted in a postulant ; it is sufficient that he show
a sincere desire and willingness to acquire it : the
good example he will see in bis companions, the
reiterated instructions he will receive, and the exer
cises of piety he will be called upon to practise, will
be so many means for becoming truly virtuous.
The rule is silent as to the age at which persons
may be received ; but it appears to us they may be
admitted at sixteen, which is the period the Church,
directed by the Spirit of Truth, permits profession in
the regular orders. We do not see any danger in
securing persons at this age, more especially as the
Tertian is not bound by any particular vow.
3. It is indispensable that the person asking to
be received bear a good character ; the director
OF ST. FRANCIS. 49
must, therefore, inquire if he has committed any act

by which he may have tarnished it ; if he is carrying
on any illicit traffic, or is irreproachable in his morals.
However, penitents who wish to bewail their faults,
and return to their lost country, will be received with
joy, after the necessary trial, if they are of a docile
and peaceable disposition.
4. If, on the one hand, persons who possess these
qualifications cannot be refused ; on the other, those
should be rejected who are frivolous, mischievous,
quarrelsome, given to slander, tale-bearing, or hypo
crisy, in order that tares may not be mixed with
good grain.
Although these defects are usually incorrigible,
if the postulant shows a great disposition to over
come them, he may be admitted to the clothing.
CHAPTER II.
ORDER OF RECEPTION.
1. When any one offers himself to be received

into this order, the superiors deputed for this purpose
shall inform themselves as to the occupation and
position of the candidate. They must make known
to him all the precepts of the rule, and especially the
indispensable necessity of giving up to the rightful
owner any thing he may hold unjustly ; which being
done, if he would embrace this holy institute, they
may give him the habit according to the usual form.
If he possess the goods of others, he must be careful
to make immediate restitution either in money or by
F
guarantee ; he must also be reconciled to his neigh

bour if he have any difference with him.
2. When all these obligations have been fulfilled,
and the year of his noviciate terminated, if the bro
thers deem him worthy to be admitted into the order,
he can make his profession, promising to keep all the
commandments of God and the Church, and to make
suitable satisfaction for any faults he may have been
guilty of against the rule, according as the director
shall prescribe. This promise must be registered by
the public functionary.
No person can be received otherwise than as
above appointed, unless, after due deliberation, the
superiors find it expedient to make exception in
favour of certain persons of distinction.
3. Further, we ordain and command that such as
have entered into this order cannot and must not
quit it to return to the world ; at the same time, they
are at liberty to enter into any other approved
order.
Married women entering this company will re
quire the permission, either direct or tacit, of their
husbands.
Note.—1. Minister-Generals and Father Provin
cials of the Franciscan Orders have alone the faculty
of admitting into the Third Order. Regular and
secular priests must have the written authorisation
from the Minister-General or Provincial.
2. When any one shall demand admission, the
director or superior of the congregation must explain
to him all the obligations of the rule, that he may
know, before engaging himself, whether he has the
power and liberty to fulfil them, or, at least, to do
what is enjoined instead.
OF ST. FRANCIS. 51
3. Before receiving the habit, the postulant must

absolutely make restitution of all goods unjustly pos
sessed. He must satisfy his creditors, if he has con
tracted debt ; be reconciled to his neighbour, if he
is at enmity, or has any difference with him.
4. After taking the habit, the postulant must try
his strength and zeal during a year's noviciate, and,
according to his power, observe what the rule pre
scribes before professing it, that he may not expose
himself to the reproach contained in this passage of
the Gospel: This man has begun to build, but has
not completed his work.
5. The year of noviciate being fully completed,
if the novice persevere in his first resolution, the
director must advise with the superior and council
as to his worthiness to be admitted.
Those persons should be considered unworthy
who, at the end of their noviciate, preserve the de
fects of which we have spoken in our remarks on the
first chapter, No. 4.
6. If, during the year's noviciate, the postulant
be attacked by a dangerous illness, and death is likely
to ensue, or if he is about to enter upon a long jour
ney, he may request the director to permit him to
make his profession ; but the director must only ac
cord this favour on condition that the profession be
repeated at the end of the noviciate with the usual
ceremonies. These ceremonies, however, may be dis
pensed with.
7. Although it is prescribed in this chapter that
the act of profession must be registered by a public
functionary, it is sufficient that it be entered in the
register of the congregation, and signed by the newly
professed person, by the director, and the superior of
the congregation.
The newly admitted brother or sister will receive

an act of profession, signed by the director, to serve
as an authentic proof that he is truly incorporated in
the order, and as a perpetual memorial of the en
gagement he has contracted no more to return to
the world, as it is ordained in the last article of this
chapter.
8. It must also be remarked, that it is not per
mitted to pass from this Third Order to any other
order that has not been instituted on the model of
penance.
9. When a Tertian enters into a regular order,
he should give notice to the director or superior of
the congregation, that he may make it known to the
brothers and sisters, and engage them to thank God
for the grace accorded to one of their brethren.
CHAPTER III.
ON THE FORM AND QUALITY OF THE DRESS TO BE WORN.
1. The members of this order must be clad in

coarse cloth of an ash-colour, if the visitors do not
think fit to dispense them from it for some reason
able cause. The mantle must be simple, and with
out ornament ; it must be fastened with a clasp as
decency shall require ; the sleeves must be narrow,
and closed.
2. The sisters must wear a mantle and tunic of
coarse cloth ; or at least they must wear under their
mantle a black or white skirt, or a long robe of
hemp or flax made up without folds ; at the same
time, should their position or the custom of the
OF ST. FRANCIS. 53
locality require it, the members may be dispensed

from this coarse habit ; they must not, however,
wear any ribands or silk cords ; their girdle must
be simple, without any embroidery, so that, accord
ing to the wise counsel of St. Peter, the Prince of
the Apostles, they may renounce the vain ornaments
of the world.
Note.—Although in the two articles of this
chapter it is commanded that Tertians shall wear a
dress of a particular stuff, form, and colour, yet, this
kind of dress being no longer in use, the brothers
and sisters may conform exteriorly to the custom of
the place where they dwell ; at the same time, their
attire must be modest and simple, and they must
wear under their ordinary clothes a scapular of coarse
gray or brown serge or cloth, and a cord round their
waist. It is essential to know that the cord is indis
pensable, but the scapular may be dispensed with,
for a short time, under particular circumstances.
CHAPTER IV.
ON PUBLIC AMUSEMENTS.
1. The brothers and sisters must never be pre

sent at comedies, balls, or other meetings where
decency is not observed.
2. They must never give any money to see amuse
ments or public plays where there is any danger
to good morals.
3. They must also forbid the same to the mem
bers of their family.
Note.— Christianity, however austere it may be,
f2
does not forbid innocent amusements. Tertians,

therefore, must not think that, in order to make a
public profession of penitence, they are interdicted
from all kinds of amusements. They may, without
scruple, assist at any festival, wedding, family or
friendly re-union, where there is nothing contrary
to modesty or temperance. They may give enter
tainments at their own houses for the sake of friend
ship, civility, and respect.
But they must strictly avoid balls, theatres, or
other dishonest entertainments, which the Holy Fa
thers have always opposed and forbidden to Chris
tians, as prejudicial to the sanctity of their state, and
injurious to the dignity of their character.
CHAPTER V.
ON ABSTINENCE AND FASTING.
1. The brothers and sisters must abstain from

meat on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Saturdays, if
not prevented by illness or weakness. Those who
have been bled can eat meat three following days.
Such as are travelling may also eat meat on all days
on which it is not forbidden by the Church. On
solemn feasts, when, according to ancient custom,
Christians ate meat, the brothers and sisters are
also free to eat it.
2. They may eat eggs and cheese on days of
abstinence, when not obliged to fast ; confining this
privilege to dinner and supper, unless they are weak,
sick, or on a journey. Those who are in good health
must eat and drink with sobriety, remembering what
OF ST. FRANCIS. 55
is written in the Gospel : Take care that your heart*

are not made heavy by surfeiting and drunkenness.
They must say one Pater before dinner and supper,
and repeat the same after, adding Deogratias; when
they omit this, they must say three Paters at some
other hour of the day.
3. They must also fast all the Fridays through
out the year, unless dispensed on account of sickness
or other legitimate cause, and except when the Nati
vity of our Lord falls on that day. They must fast
every Wednesday and Friday from the Feast of All
Saints to Easter ; they must also observe all the
other fasts commanded by the Church ; they must
fast every day during Advent, which commences the
next day after the Feast of St. Martin, till Christmas,
Sundays excepted, as also from Quinquagesima Sun
day to Easter, if not exempted on account of sick
ness or other cause.
i. Women with child can, if they choose, dispense
themselves from all corporal austerities, but not from
prayer, until their delivery. Those who are obliged
to labour can take their repasts three times a day ;
and when employed away from their own houses,
they can eat without scruple such viands as are put
before them, except on Fridays and other fast-days
appointed by the Church.
Note.—1 . All the austerities prescribed by the
Rule are so clearly expressed in this chapter, that
nothing need be said in explanation. It is sufficient
to remark, that, according to the 18th chapter, di
rectors and superiors of congregations have the
power to dispense the brothers and sisters from
fasting or abstinence, whenever there is a reasonable
cause for doing so ; and they should grant this easily
56 BULE OF THE THIRD ORDER
to aged, sick, or weak persons, to the poor, to ser

vants, and to artisans.
2. They can also dispense from abstinence, on
Wednesday, such persons as, from devotion, fast on
Saturday, provided they are not bound to do so by
an injunction of penitence or especial vow.
3. We must further remark, that Pope Clement
VII., by a Bull, Inberes fructus, given at Home in
1529, has dispensed the members of the Third
Order from abstinence on Mondays, and from a part
of the Fast of St. Martin, permitting them to com
mence from the first Sunday in Advent, and to con
tinue till Christmas exclusively.
4. Tertians may also eat meat on the Saturdays
from Christmas to the Purification, when this is the
practice in the dioceses where they reside.
5. If a member of this order be obliged to eat
on a Wednesday at the house of a parent or friend,
and he cannot easily procure fish, he may without
scruple eat meat with those at table ; but he must
first form a resolution to say some prayer, or give
an alms, in lieu of the abstinence he is unable to ob
serve, according as the director or superior, or his
ordinary confessor, may have appointed.
6. Butter, eggs, &c, as on Fridays, may be eaten
on the fasting-days appointed by the rule.
CHAPTER VL
THE NUMBER OF TIMES THE BROTHERS AND SISTERS OUGHT TO
CONFESS AND COMMUNICATE IN THE COURSE OF THE TEAR.
The brothers and sisters must confess their sins

and receive the Holy Eucharist three times a year,
OF ST. FRANCIS. 57
at Christmas, Easter, and Pentecost ; but first they

must be reconciled with their neighbour, and give
up all goods unjustly gotten.
Note.—It appears from this chapter that the sa
craments of Penance and the Eucharist were not so
frequently in use in the days of St. Francis as they
are at present. Members of the Third Order must
not, however, suppose that they cannot approach
these two sacraments more frequently than is above
prescribed ; on the contrary, they may have recourse
to them as often as it may be necessary, or as the
director or their ordinary confessor may appoint.
It is desirable that they should communicate on all
feasts and on Sundays, in order to implore the mercy
of God on His Church, on their country, on their
pastors, on their families, and on all the brothers and
sisters of the Order.
CHAPTER VII.
THE BROTHERS ARE TO CARRY NO OFFENSIVE ARMS.
The brothers must not carry any offensive arms,
if it be not for the defence of the Roman Church, the
Catholic faith, or their country, unless they shall have
obtained permission from their superiors.
Note. —Persons sporting, travelling, or fearing
robbers, are of course excepted.
CHAPTER VIII.
OF THE CANONICAL HOURS.
1. The brothers and sisters must recite the canon

ical hours daily : Matins, Lauds, Prime, Terce, Sext,
None, Vespers, and Compline. Clerks who know

how to recite the psalter must say for Prime : Deiis
in nomine tuo salvum mefac, and Beati immaculati,
as far as Legem pone, &c. ; and at the other hours
they must say the psalm following, with the Gloria
Patri, according to the ordinary rubric for the eccle
siastical office.
2. When they cannot assist in choir, they must
say by themselves, for Matins, the psalms clerks are
accustomed to recite, or those used at the cathedral
church; or at least they must not fail to recite, as
those do who are unable to read, twelve Paters for
Matins, and seven for each of the other hours. They
must also recite the Credo at the beginning of Prime
and at the end of Compline, and the Miserere once a
day, if they know it ; or when they fail to do this,
they must say three Paters in lieu of it.
3. Those who are sick may be dispensed from
the office if they desire it.
During Lent and Advent the brothers and sis
ters must be careful to assist at the parish Matins,
or at the cathedral church, if they are not dispensed
for some legitimate cause.
Note. — 1. Secular priests, who are members of
the Third Order, will satisfy this point of the rule
in reciting the Roman Breviary. It is well for them
to recite the Commemoration of our holy Father
Francis after that of the Apostles Peter and Paul,
when this is appointed by the rubrics. The com
memoration may be found at the end of the rule.
Paul V. has given permission for all priests of this
order to make use of the Franciscan Breviary and
Missal.
2. Those who are not obliged, by vow or other
OF ST. FRANCIS. 59
wise, to recite the canonical hours, will satisfy every

obligation contained in this chapter, by saying the
Office of the Blessed Virgin, adding thereto the
Miserere mei Deus, or the Be profundis, in favour of
the defunct members of the order.
3. Those who cannot say the Office of the Blessed
Virgin daily, must recite it at least on feasts and on
Sundays ; on the other days, they must say the
Little Office of the Immaculate Conception, or some
other form of prayer, according to the advice of the
director.
4. Such as are not able to read, will satisfy the
obligation of office by reciting the Paters prescribed
by the rule, or in saying the Chaplet, adding a
prayer for the defunct members.
5. Those are exempt from the office who are
either sick or have a legitimate fear that the recita
tion of the office would be injurious to their health ;
those who are convalescent, until they have gained
sufficient strength ; those whose time is fully occu
pied in works of charity, or other employment that
cannot be put on one side without injury to them
selves or their neighbour ; and finally, those who,
from some unusual occupation, have their minds
over-fatigued.
6. The obligation of the office will be fulfilled if
recited between midnight and midnight ; but by
virtue of universal custom, Matins and Lauds of the
following day may be said when the sun has run half
its course between noon and sunset : it will not
satisfy the obligation to anticipate this time ; so,
also, those who defer Vespers and Compline till mid
night cannot satisfy the obligation, the time being
past.
7. During Lent it is usual, on all days except Sun

days, to recite Vespers before dinner ; the object of
this is to call to mind the ancient discipline of the
Church, according to which it was not permitted to
break the fast till after sunset and the recitation of
Vespers. At the same time, Vespers may, at plea
sure, be deferred till after dinner.
8. No part of the office, except Matins and Lauds,
can, under any pretext, be said over-night.
9. It is more correct to recite each part of the
Office on the day and hour appointed ; for example,
Matins and Lauds at daybreak, Prime at sunrise,
Terce and Sext before noon, None and Vespers be
tween noon and sunset. Compline may be said later.
At the same time, all the hours, Matins, Lauds,
Prime, and Terce excepted, may, at pleasure, be de
ferred till the afternoon. Yet it is better to antici
pate than to defer the hour ; for, according to Hugh
de Saint Victor, to pray before the appointed time is
prudence ; after it, negligence.
10. Instead of assisting at the parish or cathedral
Matins during Lent, the director can substitute visit
ing the sick or poor of the parish once a week, or
some other good work, by which the merit of the
former will not be lost.
CHAPTER IX.
THE BROTHERS AND SISTERS ARE TO MAKE THEIR WILL.
All those who have the right and power to do so,

must make their will within three months of their
entering the order, lest they should die without
doing so.
OF ST. FRANCIS. 61
Note.—It is a common device of the devil to

persuade men not to think of their will till they are
on their death-bed. He knows how necessary it is
that the sick man should be free from anxiety about
temporal affairs, that he may treat with God in peace
about his eternal interests. Thus he endeavours to
prevent our concluding any thing during life, that we
may be overwhelmed with care at the moment of
death. To obviate this, St. Francis ordained that
the members of the Third Order should settle a
matter of such great importance whilst in health,
and in full possession of their faculties, instead of
waiting till they should be unfit for any thing. Jus
tice and charity must be observed in this act.
Justice requires, before all things, that we should
satisfy our creditors, make restitution, and repair
scandal ; for, as St. Augustine says, without this none
can be pardoned. The same justice also requires us to
leave to our legitimate heirs what the law or custom
demands, without endeavouring to divert, by any in
direct means, what of right is theirs.
This same justice also requires a master to re
ward his servants and attendants by adding some
gratuity to their wages, with which the testament
should be charged, so that they may not be aban
doned to the pitiless mercy of heirs, who may think
them well rewarded in receiving their wages.
After having satisfied the demands of justice, we
must attend to those of charity, and leave as many
pious legacies as possible. Admitting that alms dis
tributed during life are better than those after death,
still we must not fail to be liberal in the latter, either
to satisfy conscience, or to call down upon us the
blessings of the poor, which, the Scripture says, ex-
G
tinguish the fire of the anger of God ; or again, to
hasten our delivery from the flames of purgatory.
CHAPTER X.
HOW PEACE MUST BE ESTABLISHED.
If any dissension occurs amongst the brothers,

or even amongst other persons, the superiors will
labour with charity, in the way they may consider
most suitable, to re-establish fraternal peace and
union, employing, if it be necessary, the advice or
authority of the diocesan bishop.
Note.—The children of the seraphic Father St.
Francis should preserve amongst themselves, and to
wards their neighbour, a strict unison of heart and
mind, thus to keep alive the early spirit of Chris
tianity, which so knit together all the faithful that
they seemed to have but one heart and one soul.
They must therefore do all that lies in their power
to avoid such differences as interest, pride, or ambi
tion give rise to ; and should any disagreement occur,
the brothers and sisters must zealously and pru
dently endeavour to arrange it ; but if their efforts
are unavailing, they must make the circumstances
known to the director or superiors of the congre
gation (but not to any other ecclesiastic), who will
exhort them to be reconciled.
CHAPTER XI.
WHAT THE BROTHERS AND SISTERS ARE TO DO WHEN SUBJECT TO
PERSECUTION.
If it occurs that the brothers or sisters are un
OP ST. FRANCIS. 63
justly opposed in the exercise of their rights or pri

vileges by any persons in power, or by the magis
trates of the city or the place where they dwell, the
superiors of the congregation will have recourse to
the Bishop or Ordinary of the place for his advice,
and act according as he shall direct, to endeavour to
stop the persecution.
Note. —As the Tertians no longer enjoy the ex
emptions and immunities of former times, this chap
ter has lost its application in this respect; at the
same time, if any one should unjustly exercise his
authority or influence to oppose a work so advanta
geous to the salvation of souls, or to depreciate, by
evil report or calumny, an institution approved and
protected by the Church, the charitable protection of
ecclesiastical authority should be sought ; but not till
earnest prayer has been offered up for the conversion
of their persecutors.
CHAPTER XII.
THE BROTHERS AND SISTERS MUST ABSTAIN FROM TAKING AN
OATH.
The brothers and sisters will take no solemn

oath, except where it shall be permitted by the Holy
See ; that is, in order to re-establish peace, to justify
faith, to refute a calumny, to confirm evidence, or to
authorise a contract of sale or donation.
They must abstain from oaths in their common
discourse ; and if it happen that any one is surprised
into an oath (which happens to such as are great
talkers), let him say three Paters in satisfaction for
the fault he may have been guilty of. Each one
must remember to exhort his family to serve God
well.
Note.—Tertians have full liberty to exercise
their civil rights.
CHAPTER XIII.
OF THE MASS AND ASSEMBLIES.
1. The brothers and sisters who enjoy good health

will assist at the holy Mass daily, if they can do so
easily; they will also attend the assemblies, which
shall be held once a month, in the church or chapel
designated by the superior, where Mass shall be
solemnly celebrated.
2. Each member will give a piece of current
money to the sacristan, who, having collected it, will
distribute it (according to the order of the superior
of the congregation) amongst the poor brothers and
sisters, particularly to such as are sick ; or will apply
it towards defraying the funeral expenses of such as
are known to be without means ; or, again, it may be
given to poor persons not of the order ; a portion
must also be given to the church or chapel where
the holy Mass shall be celebrated for them.
3. They will be careful to engage some religious
to preach the Word of God to them, to engage them
to do penance, and to practise the works of mercy.
Note.—1. As the holy sacrifice of the Mass is
the memorial and abridgment of all the mysteries of
our Saviour, the most precious pledge of His perpetual
love for us, and the most fruitful source of His divine
liberality, St. Francis wisely enjoined all the mem
bers of the Third Order to assist daily at this ador
OP ST. FRANCIS. 65
able mystery with all possible respect and attention,

if the duties of their state do not prevent them.
This is the most favourable moment to treat with
God on the great affair of sanctification ; to pray for
solid virtues and the graces necessary to acquire them.
Let the members, then, imitate the holy angels, who,
according to St. John Chrysostom, take this precious
moment to represent to the Lord our necessities, and
to obtain the favours they solicit for us.
2. They must also attend the assemblies held
once a month in the chapel of the congregation, on
the day and hour fixed by the superior, to listen to
the exhortation, and gain the indulgences granted to
these assemblies by the Sovereign Pontiffs.
3. Persons may be equally Tertians, however,
without belonging to a congregation.
CHAPTER XIV.
THE BROTHERS AND SISTERS MUST VISIT THE SICK, AND PRAT FOR
THE DEAD.
1. When a brother shall be sick, and shall have

notified the same to the congregation, the superior
will be careful to visit him in person, and see that he
is visited by some other member at least once a week ;
they will charitably exhort him to confess as early as
possible, and to receive the holy Eucharist ; and, if
necessary, they will take care that he is assisted out
of the common purse.
2. If death occurs, it must be made known to the
brothers and sisters in the neighbourhood, that they
may assist at the obsequies, from which they must
not withdraw until the Mass shall be finished and
g2
the body interred. The brothers who are priests

will say a Mass for the repose of the soul of the
defunct within a week of his decease. Those who
know the psalter will say each one fifty psalms ; and
those who cannot read will recite fifty Paters, and as
many Aves, adding at the end of each, Requiem oeter-
rtam. Besides which, they will have three Masses
offered up every year for the good of the members
living and dead.
Those who know the psalter will say it once in
the year for the same intention, and those who do
not know it will say a hundred Paters, adding to
each, Requiem ceternam.
Note. —1. Nothing is more agreeable to God
than the care of the infirm ; and what makes it still
more pleasing is the charity that dictates it. Charity
towards the sick is exercised in two ways—in assist
ing them in their corporal infirmities, and in seeing
to their spiritual necessities ; that is, in endeavouring
to gain them to God, in helping them to profit by
their sickness, and prepare to die well.
When, then, a Tertian shall be attacked by a
severe illness, he will let it be made known to the
superior, or the infirmarian of the congregation, in
order that he may be visited, and exhorted to sanctify
his illness by patience, and prepare for the reception
of the sacraments of Penance and the Eucharist, if
the sickness assumes a dangerous aspect, and be per
fectly resigned to the will of God.
2. The superior and the infirmarian will be care
ful to inform the brothers and sisters who live in the
neighbourhood of the sick member, that they may
visit him as often as possible, and assist him in any
way in their power.
OF ST. FRANCIS. 67
3. When a sick member is in danger of death, he

should be clad in the habit of the order, that is, in
the scapular and cord, if he does not wear them, that
he may gain the indulgences accorded to those who
die in this holy livery. Above all, the plenary abso
lution must not be omitted.
4. On the death of a Tertian, his scapular and
cord should be left upon him, and all the congrega-
tionists will render him the last duties in accompany
ing his body to the grave ; and if it is an established
custom in the locality that the congregationists them
selves should carry the body, they will not fail to set
this example of piety.
5. Instead of the fifty psalms appointed by the
rule, the Office of the Dead, for the repose of the soul
of the deceased, may be substituted.
6. The obligation will also be fulfilled by reciting
annually the entire psalter, or by celebrating, or
causing to be celebrated, one Mass every year for
members, living and dead.
7. The director, or his deputy, will inscribe the
name and the date of the death of each deceased
member in the register of the congregation, and re
commend him to the prayers of the brothers and
sisters in all the assemblies during the year of his
decease.
CHAPTER XV.
SUPERIORS AND OFFICERS.
Those who may be elected to exercise the charge

of superior, or fill any other office appointed by the
rule, must accept such office with submission, and do
their utmost to fulfil their duties exactly. No office
must be perpetual ; the superior cannot be appointed
for life, but only for a definite period.
Note.—At the end of the rule will be found in
structions for superiors and other officers.
CHAPTER XVI.
ON THE COBRECTION OF SUCH AS COMMIT ANT FAULT.
1 . The superiors and brothers of each locality will

assemble in some religious house, or church, if they
have no more convenient place : they will choose a
director, who shall impose a salutary penance on
such of the members as may have committed any
fault ; and, seeing that this order was instituted by
St. Francis, we counsel the brothers and sisters to
take a religious from the Order of the Brothers
Minor for their director, whom the custos and
guardians of the same order shall appoint when re
quired to do so. At the same time, we will not that
any lay person exercise the office of director or
visitor.
2. The general assembly shall be held once a year
only, unless some urgent necessity requires it.
Incorrigible and disobedient members shall be
warned three several times to return to their duties ;
when, if they will not reform, they shall be expelled
the congregation.
Note. — 1. St. Francis declares clearly in thia
chapter that the brothers and sisters may have, be
sides the superior, a director chosen from his order,
according to the advice of Nicholas IV.
2. The religious who shall be appointed director
OP ST. FRANCIS. 69
•will accept the office from obedience, and with the
view of labouring for the salvation of souls, and for
the glory of God.
3. The director will exhort the members to ex
actitude, assiduity, and fidelity in all the exercises,
either public or private; and will preach, by his
words and actions, the practice of virtue.
i. He will take care, that, being obliged by this
chapter to impose penances for any notable fault, he
exercise great prudence and charity, imposing only
such punishment as shall be salutary and suitable to
their position and temperament.
5. If the corrections administered do not bring
forth fruit, and all possible means are exhausted, the
director shall proceed, with the advice of his council,
to cut off the rebellious member.
6. Those who may be thus cut off from the Third
Order will immediately lose all the advantages,
graces, favours, privileges, indulgences, &c. attached
to the order.
CHAPTER XVII.
ON THE OBLIGATION TO AVOID LAWSUITS.
1. The brothers and sisters will do their utmost

to avoid all kinds of lawsuits.
2. If they find themselves involved in spite of
themselves, they must endeavour to terminate the
suit by an amicable arrangement ; but if they fail,
they must have recourse to a proper judge who un
derstands the matter.
Note.—Although it may not be possible in all
cases to escape lawsuits, every prudent means should
be adopted to avoid litigation, and members should
be prepared to make some sacrifice for this end. A
suit nominally gained is not unfrequently attended
with real loss, and the anxiety caused by a pending
process is sadly opposed to the tranquillity of religious
life. Lawsuits often give rise to rancorous feelings
not at all in accordance with the spirit of our rule.
When, however, we find ourselves obliged to carry
on a lawsuit, we should be careful to observe the
laws of charity, and avoid every unnecessary irrita
tion to our adversary.
CHAPTER XVIII.
ON DISPENSATIONS.
The local ordinary, or the directors, can dispense

the brothers and sisters from abstinence, fasts, and
other austerities appointed by the rule, for legitimate
causes, and when they may find it necessary.
Note.—This chapter removes certain difficulties
that might prevent many persons from embracing
this holy rule on account of the austerity which few
persons are in a position to practise. It permits the
ordinary directors of the locality, that is, the local
superiors of our convents, and directors of congrega
tions, to dispense all persons whose infirmities, or
constitutions, or occupations do not enable them to
observe the rule.
"When, then, a Tertian cannot easily observe the
fasts or abstinence prescribed, he will state his dif
ficulty to the director of the congregation, or the
local superior of one of our convents ; or, in the
event of there being no convent or congregation, to
OF ST. FRANCIS. 71
his ordinary confessor, who can dispense him from

these austerities, appointing alms or prayers instead.
This commutation will procure the same advantages
to such as are dispensed for a legitimate cause.
CHAPTER XIX.
ON THE DECLARATION OF NOTABLE FAULTS.
Superiors will be careful to declare to the director

the notable faults of the brothers and sisters, that he
may endeavour to bring them to a sincere conver
sion ; but if any one becomes incorrigible, after hav
ing been warned three several times, the superior,
having taken the advice of the council, shall cut him
off from the order, and declare his exclusion at the
first assembly.
Note.—See what is said on this subject in the
sixteenth chapter; also the note to the first chapter.
CHAPTER XX.
« THIS RULE DOES NOT BIND UNDER PAIN OF SIN.
In fine, we will not that the brothers and sisters

be bound, under pain of mortal sin, to observe the
things contained in this rule, if they are not already
bound by the commandments of God and His Church ;
but they must accept with a ready humility the pen
ances enjoined for such things as they may not have
observed.
Note.—The rule of the Third Order does not
bind under sin. This chapter clearly states that it
does not oblige under mortal sin ; and the declara
tion of Leo X. expressly states that it does not bind
72 KULE OF THE THIKD ORDER.
under venial sin. The bull confirming the Third

Order says : " Omnia et singula in prsesenti regula
contenta sunt consilia ad salvandas animas viatorum ;
et nulla sunt obligatoria ad peccatum mortale vel
veniale, nisi humano vel divino jure aliquis alias esset
obligatus."
We must, however, remark, that the transgression
of any point of the rule may be a sin, either as op
posed to a divine, an ecclesiastical, or even a private
precept, for example, a personal vow; or from acting
from a bad motive, for instance, from contempt of
the rule ; or, again, on account of the scandal that
may result from such transgression.
Thus, to return to this point—lest we should not
have been sufficiently clear—we will repeat, that it is
not a sin to violate the ride, unless the point violated
be preceded, accompanied, or followed by something
which renders it sinful.
If, then, the brothers or sisters shall have failed
to observe the rule in any particular, they need not
fear lest they should have offended God ; but they
must form the generous resolution to accept and ac
complish all that the director or ordinary confessor
shall appoint, in order to recover by another good
action the merit lost by the omission.
CONCLUSION OF THE BULL.
It is not permitted for any one to contradict the
tenure of our declaration, nor to oppose it rashly.
If any one have the temerity to do so, let him know
that he will incur the indignation of Almighty God,
and His blessed Apostles St. Peter and St. Paul.
Given at Reate, the sixteenth of the calender of
September, and the second year of our Pontificate.
73
CONSTITUTIONS OR PARTICULAR RULES
Congregation* of the ChirK ©rtter.
BULES FOR ELECTIONS.
1. Elections for superiors and other officers must

take place every year, that the short duration of the
charge may animate those who are chosen to fulfil
their various duties with a zealous exactitude. These
functions, however, may be continued for three years
by a yearly re-election. Upon the expiration of this
time, they will not be eligible to the same post until
they have been out of office at least a year, unless
some pressing circumstance require it.
2. No charge shall be given to any brother or
sister whose character betokens ambition ; who com
plains of not being appointed, or of not having served
so long as the others. This must be an insurmount
able objection to re-election to any office. This rule
should be considered as the foundation of the tran
quillity of the congregation, and should therefore be
strictly observed, without regard to persons.
3. The day of the elections—which should be the
third Sunday after Pentecost—Mass must be offered
74 PARTICULAR RULES FOR CONGREGATIONS
up to invoke the aid of the Holy Ghost, and all the

brothers and sisters receive the holy Communion
with this intention. After dinner they assemble, and
proceed to the elections in the following manner :
4. The director, in surplice and stole, kneeling
on the steps of the altar, is to intone the Veni Creator,
which the brothers or sisters are to continue ; after
wards adding the prayers appointed for their assem
blies. When these are finished, the director is to
give a short address, exhorting the brothers or sisters
to consider neither flesh, nor blood, nor parentage,
nor friends, in the choice they are about to make,
but solely the glory of God, and the spiritual advan
tage of the congregation.
5. The election of the superior is to be made in
this manner : the superior and other officers who are
about to quit their charge being assembled, write on
slips of paper the names of the two brothers or sis
ters they consider before God as the most worthy to
fill the place of superior. The director then opens
these papers in the presence of the officers, and the
secretary declares the result.
6. After this preparatory deliberation, the direc
tor is to choose two scrutators from the elder bro
thers or sisters, who must be accepted by the assem
bly. These, after having promised to observe secrecy,
under pain of public and severe correction, must
place themselves near the director, at a respectful
distance, to count with him the votes, and to witness
his fidelity in recording them.
7. The director, thus placed, must propose to the
assembled congregation the two brothers or sisters
who have received the greatest number of votes, and
which the officers going out shall agree upon; but
OF THE THIRD ORDER. 75
that all may be done properly, the following order

must be observed : Each professed brother or sister
must receive a ball (the novices have neither an ac
tive nor a passive voice) ; then each brother or sister,
according to his or her rank, without communicating
any thing to the others, must put his or her vote
into one of the two boxes, which are to be placed on
the altar, with the names of the two brothers or sis
ters proposed for the office in question. The one
who receives the plurality of voices will be the supe
rior, and the other the assistant.
In case the votes should be equal, the director
decides the election by his own vote. He must then
declare, in an intelligible voice, the number of votes
each one has received.
The elections being finished, the newly-chosen
officers must kneel before the director, who will con
firm them in their charge, and give the superior the
keys of the chapel, as a mark of his or her dignity.
8. In the same manner must be elected a first
and second master or mistress, two zealators, a trea
surer, a secretary, ten discreets or counsellors, when
the congregation is numerous; but when it is not,
the director can regulate the number as his prudence
may suggest. The council of the congregation is to
comprise the whole of the officers. The elections are
to be inscribed in the book of the congregation, and
be signed by the two scrutators and the director.
9. The superior and council are to name the
sacristans, infirmarians, readers, cantors or choristers,
when the office is said in common, or when it is
chanted in the chapel. They will also name the
porters.
10. If it happens that the elections made accord
ing to the above rule cause, in certain circumstances,

cabal, division, or enmity amongst the brothers or
sisters, the director, after having advised with the
officers going out, and the most distinguished mem
bers of the congregation, must, of his own right, ap
point the brothers or sisters he thinks most capable
of filling the various offices ; and all the members of
the congregation must acknowledge them as legiti
mately elected.
The brothers must choose a different day to the
sisters for their elections, but the rules for both are
the same.
RULES FOR THE SUPERIOR.
1. The superior must be as tender as a parent, and

as watchful as a good shepherd, over those he is called
upon to govern. He must remember that God will
demand of him an account of the spiritual advance
ment of those placed under his care ; and that he will
be severely punished if, through his negligence, or
from a mistaken kindness, he allow them to fall
away. He must lead them to virtue and to the ob
servance of the rule, and to the pious practices esta
blished in the chapel. He should engage them rather
by the force of example and the sanctity of his con
duct, than by the authority of his words.
2. He must assist at all the congregational assem
blies, at least unless prevented by some pressing
matter; and he must note down all those who are
not present, that he may correct such as absent them
selves frequently without legitimate cause.
3. If he observe coldness or division between any
of the members, he must exert his influence to re
establish peace and charity; and if his exertions
should be fruitless, he must make it known to the

director, who must restore order. He must do the
same with respect to all the faults the brothers may
commit.
4. He must be careful to visit, and cause to be
visited, the sick members, and see that they are
assisted by the alms of the congregation if they stand
in need of it.
5. He must prescribe the pious reading to be
adopted in all the assemblies.
RULES FOR THE ASSISTANT.
The assistant must in all things second the zeal

and piety of the superior; take his place in his ab
sence ; and fulfil all his duties with the same autho
rity and right of correction, seeing to the exact ob
servance of all that is established in the chapel. But
he must make no innovation in the absence of the
superior,— at least, provided that absence is not of
long duration, and there is no real necessity for
change. He must always act in concert with the
superior.
RULES FOR THE MASTERS OR MISTRESSES OF NOVICES.
1. They must instruct such as present themselves

to take the habit in the precepts of the rule and the
customs of the congregation ; and before presenting
them to the superior and his council, they must in
form themselves with exactitude and prudence as to
the life and character of the postulant. And if they
find that those who present themselves do not enjoy
a good reputation, or are of a fickle humour, or of a
H 2
devotion too affected, they must civilly get rid of

them, rather than burden the congregation with an
unsuitable member.
2. They must instruct the postulants as to what
they must say or do at their reception, placing them
selves near them on that occasion, as parents near
their children : they must accompany them when
they go to give the kiss of peace to the brothers or
sisters who may be in the chapel, and whilst they
chant the Laudate Dominum, omnes genies, or the
Te Deum : this they must also do at their profession.
3. The first master or mistress must apply him
or herself particularly to inciting the novices to
fervour and piety, consoling them in their pain, and
explaining the duties of their state : for this pur
pose they must remain in the chapel after the others
have left, that they may be instructed and animated
to the practice of virtue.
4. The second master or mistress must teach the
novices how to recite the office, and how to perform
the other practices of piety in the chapel ; and if it
is the custom to sing, they must teach what is neces-
s lry, that they may be able to conform to the others,
and chant in a regular manner. They must also
direct, with the concurrence of the superior, what is
to be sung in the chapel, that nothing be introduced
that is not suitable.
5. Both the first and second master or mistress
must exercise a tender charity towards the novices.
DUTIES OF THE ZEALATOR.
1. The zealator must direct his particular atten

tion towards all that relates to the glory of God and
the good of the congregation : it is for him respect

fully to remind the superior of his duties if he fail in
them, and to inspire him with all that may be ad
vantageous to good order and regularity.
2. He must also correct, with great kindness and
moderation, the other brothers when they commit
any fault against the established rules. In cases
where, for particular reasons, he does not think it
expedient to correct them, he must make the fault
known to the superior, in order that he may correct
them himself.
3. If it happen, which God forbid, that a brother
does not behave well in his family, or towards his
neighbour, the zealator must inform the superior im
mediately it is made known to him, and if necessary,
he must also warn the director, that he may restore
order.
RULES FOR THE TREASURER.
1. He must keep an exact account of the receipts

and expenditure of the congregation, writing the re
ceipts on one side, and the payments on the other.
2. He must not pay any considerable amount
without the authority of the superior and some of the
council, and every three months he must render an
account of the temporalities of the congregation to
the assembled officers.
3. Some time before the new elections he must
render a general account of his administration, in the
presence of the director, the superior, and council ;
and they must enter what is due or in hand, with a
list of the receipts for payments, which must be
arranged in order in the box for papers of the con
gregation.
RULES FOR THE SECRETARY.
1. The secretary must keep, with great care, all

the papers belonging to the congregation in a box
under lock and key, which must always remain in
the chapel : he must give a receipt of it, signed with
his own hand, to the superior.
2. He must write down all the deliberations and
rules of the congregation, and sign all the acts made
in the chapel.
3. He must keep a register of all the members,
together with the day and year of their profession ;
he must inscribe in a separate book the day and year
of their decease, and in all things he must observe an
inviolable secret.
RULES FOR THE DISCREETS, OR COUNSELLORS.
1. Those who are elected counsellors must endea

vour to have the same sentiments for the good of the
congregation, and for the observance of the rule, as
the superior.
2. They must assist at all the assemblies held in
the chapel, as well as others called by the superior,
to render an account of their charge, and to deliberate
on matters proposed for the spiritual and temporal
good of the congregation.
RULES FOR SACRISTANS.
1. Those appointed to take care of the chapel must

have an inventory of the furniture, and preserve it
carefully, that they may give an account of the things
under their charge when called upon.
2. They must be careful to arrange the altars the

Saturdays and the Vigils of Feasts ; always to have
clean linen, and to prepare the vestments for such
priests as may honour them by saying Mass in their
chapel.
3. They must take care and present the tapers
when there is any ceremony, to prepare the monthly
tickets, and to inform the clerk who serves the Mass
how many wish to communicate.
RULES FOR THE INFIRMARIAN.
1. Those appointed to take care of the sick must

have a list of all who dwell in the neighbourhood ;
and immediately sickness occurs, they must visit the
sick member, and offer their services, exhorting him
to bear with patience the trial God sends him to test
his submission and fidelity.
2. If the illness continues, they must inform the
director and the members who live in the vicinity,
that they may visit the sick person, to console him
in his suffering, and to assist him temporally as well
as spiritually.
3. If the infirmarian sees that the sick brother
is in danger, he must exhort him to receive the
Sacraments ; and when the Holy Viaticum is brought,
he must be present, with such of the brothers as live
in the neighbourhood. He must prepare a table in
form of an oratory, and all must unite their prayers
to the ecclesiastics and assistants.
The same must be observed when he receives
Extreme Unction ; and he must remind the brother
of the indulgences granted by the Sovereign Pontiffs
to the members who die in the habit of the order,
and at this awful moment invoke, at least in heart,

the very holy name of Jesus.
4. Immediately a brother is dead, the infirmarian
must see that his scapular and cord are put upon
him (if he did not wear them at his death), that he
may be laid out and buried in the habit of the order.
He must immediately give notice to the director and
superior, in order that the congregation may com
municate and pray for the deceased.
All those who may be appointed to any office
must accept it with submission and obedience, and
fulfil the duties with all the exactitude possible, that
they may obtain the eternal reward which God pre
pares for those who are faithful to their charge.
RULES FOR READERS.
1. The readers must take great care of the books

of piety belonging to the chapel, and they must read
such a portion as the superior shall appoint at the
beginning or end of each assembly ; after which they
must read a chapter of the rule, or of the regulations
of the congregation.
2. He must read correctly, without haste, in a
very clear manner, and free from affectation, observ
ing the stops and punctuation, endeavouring to im
press himself with what he communicates to others.
RULES TO BE OBSERVED IN CONSULTATIONS.
1. It is necessary, for the good of the congrega

tion, that the superior and officers who compose the
council assemble regularly every three months, at a
convenient hour, to consult upon the interests (both
spiritual and temporal) of the congregation. The

director must preside at these assemblies, but with
out exercising his vote.
2. After having invoked the Holy Ghost, the
superior (or, in his absence, the assistant) must pro
pose the question to be deliberated upon, having first
advised with the director. If the question is of un
usual importance, and it proceeds from the other
officers, they must communicate it first to the direc
tor ; and if he approves it, they must then propose
it to the assembly for their decision. If the matter
is important, and not difficult to determine, it may
be proposed at once, with the permission of the di
rector.
3. The brothers must give their opinion on the
matters under deliberation with great prudence and
modesty, at the same time preserving a holy inde
pendence, as a proof that what they advance is only
for the greater glory of God and the good of the con
gregation.
4. What is decided by the plurality of voices in
these deliberations must be faithfully observed, un
less there is just reason for the contrary.
OF THE ABSENT.
If a brother (or sister) absent himself from the

congregation, being on a journey, or if he change his
residence, he must make it known to the director
and superior, and procure a certificate from them,
that he may be received wherever the Third Order is
established; and since his absence does not prevent
his participating in the merits and in the indul
gences of the congregation he is attached to, he must
84 PARTICULAR RULES FOR CONGREGATIOHS.
remember to keep himself united to it in the Hearts

of Jesus and Mary.
We strongly recommend the directors and supe
riors of congregations to conform literally to these
ordinances, that uniformity may exist between all
the members of the same body. Still we authorise
directors, and even superiors, to make a temporary
modification of such articles as are not compatible
with place, time, or circumstances, until we can
examine the reasons for such modification, during
the annual visit we shall make, either of ourselves
or by our delegate, to all such congregations as shall
have been placed in communion with us, according
to the intentions of Benedict XIII., shown in the
bull Paternce sedis.
To facilitate the practice of these rules and con
stitutions, they must be publicly read every three
months.
THK MONTHLY EXERCISE. 85
THE MONTHLY EXERCISE.
The first Sunday in the month, in the chapel of

the congregation, immediately before or after Ves
pers, the director distributes to each brother or sister
a ticket, on which is a sentence from Scripture and
the name of a saint. To avoid choice this ticket is
to be drawn by lot, and each member receives the
one that has fallen to him, kneeling at the foot of
the altar, from the hands of the director. The saint
whose name is on the ticket is to be his protector
and model during the month ; he must invoke him
with confidence, and imitate his virtues. He must
apply the sentence to himself as a salutary counsel
from the Holy Ghost, endeavouring to put it in
practice during the month ; he must recite the fol
lowing prayer, and on the feast of his saint exercise
some particular devotion in his honour.
PRATER TO THE SAINT.
Great saint, who hath been given to me for pro

tector, patron, and model, after Jesus Christ, offer
me to Him to whom thou offeredst thyself during thy
life, as a victim of religion and penitence ; obtain
for me the grace to be faithful in sanctifying myself
henceforth to the glory and will of God, in order
that at the moment of my death I may be a victim
agreeable in His sight, which may be offered to Him,
sacrificed and consecrated by Jesus Christ, in a
blessed eternity. Amen.
I
86 CONGREGATIONAL ASSEMBLIES,
CONGREGATIONAL ASSEMBLIES,
AND PRAYERS TO BE RECITED AT THEM.
On the first Sunday in the month, or any other day

fixed by the director, at a convenient hour, the
brothers or the sisters assemble at the chapel de
stined for their reunions.
The director, in rochet and stole, opens the as
sembly with the Veni Creator, and the versicle and
the prayer, Deus, qui corda, &c. following it, as at
page 98. He then makes an appropriate exhorta
tion, or appoints some spiritual reading.
In the absence of the director, the superior re
cites the prayers and regulates the other exercises.
After the exhortation or spiritual reading, the
monthly tickets are distributed, as prescribed page
85. .
If a brother or sister is sick, the director makes
it known to the assembled congregation, and asks
their prayers. After this the proceedings are ter
minated by the recital of the Litany of the Blessed
Virgin, &c. as follows :
Litany of the Blessed Virgin.
Ant. Sub tuum prsesi- Ant. We fly to thy pa-
diuni confugimus, sancta tronage, 0 holy Mother of
Dei Genitrix, nostras de- God, despise not our peti-
AND PRAYERS TO BE RECITED AT THEM. 87
precationes ne despicias in tions in our necessities ;
necessitatibus nostris ; sed but deliver us always from
a periculis cunctis libera all dangers, 0 glorious and
nos semper, Virgo gloriosa blessed Virgin.
et benedicta.
Kyrie eleison. Lord have mercy.
Christe eleison. Christ have mercy.
Christe eleison. Christ have mercy.
Christe audi nos. Christ hear us.
Christe exaudi nos. Christ graciously hear us.
Pater de coelis Deus, God the Father of hea- fcq
ven, |
Fili Redemptor mundi $' God the Son, Eedeemer g
Deus, ^ of the world, §
Spiritus Sancte Deus, * God the Holy Ghost, |
Sancta Trinitas, unus g, Holy Trinity, one God, *
Deus, £"
Sancta Maria, Ora pro Holy Mary, Pray for us.
nobis.
Sancta Dei Genitrix, Holy Mother of God,
Sancta Virgo virgi- Holy Virgin of virgins,
num,
Mater Christi, ^ Mother of Christ, .
Mater divinse gratise, § Mother of divine grace, g
Mater purissima, ^ Mother most pure, j*
Mater castissima, ° Mother most chaste, jf"
Mater inviolata, o, Mother inviolate, g
Mater intemerata, £• Mother undefiled, -
Mater amabilis, Mother most amiable,
Mater admirabilis, Mother most admirable,
Mater Creatoris, Mother of our Creator,
Mater Salvatoris, Mother of our Saviour,
Virgo prudentissima, Virgin most prudent,

Virgo veneranda, Virgin most venerable,
Virgo prsedicanda, Virgin most renowned,
Virgo potens, Virgin most powerful,
Virgo clemens, Virgin most merciful,
Virgo fidelis, Virgin most faithful,
Speculum justitise, Mirror of justice,
Sedes sapientise, Seat of wisdom,
Causa nostra; lsetitise, Cause of our joy,
Vas spirituale, Spiritual Vessel,
Vas honorabile, Vessel of honour,
Vas insigne devotionis, Vessel of singular devo
tion,
Rosa mystica, Mystical Rose,
Turris Davidica, Tower of David,
Turris eburnea, ^>Tower of ivory, \)
Domus aurea, a House of gold, ^
Foederis area, g Ark of the covenant, <^
Janua coeli, a Gate of heaven, "*
Stella matutina, I-Morning star, S
Salus infirmorum, J0'
Health of the sick,
Refugium peccatorum, Refuge of sinners,
Consolatrix afllictorum, Comforter of the afflicted,
Auxilium Christianorum, Help of Christians,
Regina Angelorum, Queen of Angels,
Regina Patriarcharum, Queen of Patriarchs,
Regina Prophetarum, Queen of Prophets,
Regina Apostolorum, Queen of Apostles,
Regina Martyrum, Queen of Martyrs,
Regina Confessorum, Queen of Confessors,
Regina Virginum, Queen of Virgins,
Regina Sanctorum om Queen of all saints,
nium,
Regina sine labe origi- Queen conceived with
nali concepta, out original sin,
Agnus Dei, qui tollis pec- Lamb of God, who takest
cata niundi, away the sins of the
world,
Parce nobis, Domine. Spare us, 0 Lord.
cata mundi, away the sins of the
world,
Exaudi nos, Domine. Graciously hear us, 0
Lord.
cata mundi, away the sins of the
world,
Miserere nobis. Have mercy on us.
Ant. Sub tuum presi Ant. We fly to thy pa
dium confugimus, sancta tronage, O holy Mother of
Dei Genitrix, nostras de- God, despise not our peti
precationes ne despicias in tions in our necessities ;
necessitatibus nostris ; sed but deliver us always from
a periculis cunctis libera all dangers, O glorious
nos semper, Virgo gloriosa and blessed Virgin.
et benedicta.
V. Ora pro nobis, V. Pray for us, O holy
sancta Dei Genitrix. Mother of God.
R. Ut digni efficiamur R. That we may be
promissionibus Christi. made worthy of the pro
mises of Christ,
Oremus. Let us pray.

Gratiam tuam, qusesu- Pour forth, we beseech
mus, Domine, mentibus thee, O Lord, Thy grace
nostris infunde : ut qui, into our hearts ; that we,
Angelo nuntiante, Christi to whom the Incarnation
i 2
Filii tui Incarnationem of Christ, Thy Son, was

cognovimus, per Pas- made known by the mes
sionem »J< ejus et Crucem
sage of an Angel, may, by
ad Resurrectionis gloriam
His Passion t%t and Cross,
perducamur. Pereumdem be brought to the glory
Christum Dominum nos of His Resurrection.
trum. Through the same Christ
our Lord.
It. Amen. R. Amen.
V. Divinum auxilium V. May the divine as
maneat semper nobiscum. sistance remain always
with us.
R. Amen. R. Amen.
Pater noster, <fcc. Our Father, cfcc.
V. Et ne nos inducas V. And lead us not in
in tentationem. to temptation.
R. Sed libera nos a R. But deliver us from
malo. evil.
V. Memento congrega V. Remember Thy con
tions tuae ; gregation ;
R. Quam possedisti ab R. Which Thou hast
initio. governed from the first.
V. Oremus pro bene- V. Let us pray for our
factoribus nostris. benefactors.
R. Retribuere dignare, R. Deign, Lord, to re
Domine, omnibus nobis ward them with eternal
bona facientibus propter life for the good they do
nomen tuum vitam seter- us in Thy name.
nam.
V. Oremus pro fideli-
V. Let us pray for the
bus defunctis. souls of the faithful de
parted.
R. Requiem tetemam R. Give them, Lord,
dona eis, Domine, et lux eternal rest, and let per
perpetua luceat eis. petual light shine upon
them.
V. Eequiescant in pace. V. May they rest in
peace.
R. Amen. R. Amen.
V. Pro fratribus (soro- V. For our absent bro
ribus) nostris absentibus. thers (sisters).
R. Salvos fac servos R. Save Thy servants
tuos (salvas fac ancillas who hope in Thee, O my
tuas), Deus meus speran- God.
tes in to.
V. Mitte eis, Domine, V. Send them help, O
auxilium de sancto. Lord, from Thy sanctuary.
R. Et de Sion tuere R. And defend them
eos (eas). out of Sion.
V. Domine, exaudiora- V. O Lord, hear my
tionem meam. prayer.
R. Et clamor meus ad R. And let my cry come
te veniat. unto Thee.
Famulorum tuorum, We pray Thee, Lord, to
qusesumus, Domine, de- pardon Thy servants their
lictis ignosce ut qui tibi sins, that, being unable to
placere de actibus nostris please Thee of ourselves,
non valemus, Genitricis we may be saved through
Filii tui Domini nostri the intercession of the
intercessione salvemur. holy Mother of Thy Son.
Prayer to St. Francis and the Saints of the Order.

Omnipotens sempiterne O Almighty and Eter-
Deus, qui nos Serapbici nal God, who hast granted
CONGREGATIONAL ASSEMBLIES,
Patris nostri Francisci, et us tbe grace to honour our

omnium sanctorum nostri seraphic Father St. Fran
ordinis merita sub una cis, and all the saints of
tribuisti commemoratione our order, in one comme
venerari, qusesumus, ut moration, we pray Thee,
desideratam nobis tuse in consideration of our
propitiationis abundan- many intercessors, to ex
tiam, multiplicatis inter- tend to us the abundance
cessoribus largiaris. of Thy mercies.
R. Amen.
Prayers for the Congregation.

Deus largitor pacis et O God, who art the
amator charitatis, da fa- giver of peace and lover
mulis (famulabus tuis), of charity, grant to Thy
veram cum tua veritate servants true concord and
concordiam, ut ab omni union with Thy holy will,
bus qua? nos pulsant ten- that we may be delivered
tationibus liberemur. from all temptations which
assault us. Through, <fcc.
Omnipotens sempiterne O Almighty and Eter
Deus, qui facis mirabilia nal God, who alone dost
magna solus, prsetende wonderful things, shed
super famulos tuos (famu- upon Thy servants the
las tuas), spiritum gratise spirit of Thy grace ; and,
salutaris, et ut in veritate that they may truly please
tibi complaceant, perpe- Thee, pour upon them the
tuum eis rorem tuse bene- dews of Thy benediction.
dictionis clementer in-
funde.
Prayer for the Church.
Ecclesise tuse, qusesu- We beseech Thee, O
•nus, Domine, preces pla- Lord, mercifully to grant
AND PRATERS TO BE RECITED AT THEM. 93
catus admitte, ut destruc- the prayers of Thy Church,
tis adversitatibus et er- that all adversities and
roribus universis, secura errors being removed, she
tibi serviat libertate. may freely and securely
serve Thee.
Prayer for all the Faithful, both living and dead.

Omnipotens sempiterne Almighty and Eternal
Deus, qui vivorum domi- God, who hast dominion
naris simul et mortuo- over the living and the
rum, omniumque misere- dead, and art merciful to
ris, quos tuos fide et opere all whom Thou foreknow-
futuros esse prsenoscis : te est will be Thine by faith
supplices exoramus, ut pro and good works, we hum
quibus effundere preces bly beseech Thee, that they
decrevimus, quosque vel for whom we offer up our
prcesens sseculum adhuc in prayers, whether this pre
carne retinet, vel futu- sent life still detains them
rum jam exutos corpore in the flesh, or the world
succepit, intercedentibus to come hath already re
Sanctis tuis, pietatis time ceived them out of their
dementia, omnium delic- bodies, may by the clem
torum suorum veniam ency of Thy goodness (all
consequantur. Thy saints interceding for
them) obtain pardon and
full remission of their
Prayer for the defunct Brothers, Sisters, and Bene

factors of the Congregation.
Deus, venise largitor et O God, who grantest
human» salutis amator, pardon to those who de-
94 CONGREGATIONAL ASSEMBLIES, ETC.
qusesumus clementiam sire the salvation of men,

tuam, ut nostrse congre- we pray Thee, through
gationis fratres, sorores et the intercession of the
benefactores, qui ex hoc blessed Mary, ever a Vir
sseculo transierunt, beata gin, and all the saints, to
Maria semper Virgine in- grant eternal happiness
tercedente cum omnibus to our brothers, sisters,
Sanctis tuis, ad perpetuse and benefactors who have
beatitudinis consortium departed this life. Through
pervenire concedas : Per Jesus Christ our Lord.
Dominum nostrum.
R. Amen.
The Director next takes the crucifix, and gives the
Benediction, saying :
Benedictio Dei Patris May the blessing of God
omnipotentis descendat the Father Almighty de-
super vos, et maneat sem- scend upon you, and re-
pervobiscum: In nomine main always with you. In
Patris »J* et Filii, et Spi- the name of the Father,
ritus sancti. Amen. tjf and of the Son, and of
the Holy Ghost. Amen.
FRANCISCAN CROWN. 95
FRANCISCAN CROWN.
This is composed of seven decades of the Rosary,

in honour of the seven principal joys of Our Blessed
Lady. It was commenced in the Order of St.
Francis in the year 1422, by a novice who, before
joining the order, was accustomed to place a crown
of flowers on the head of a statue of the Blessed
Virgin. Not being allowed to continue this act of
affectionate devotion, he resolved to leave the order,
when our Blessed Lady appeared to him and dis
suaded him from carrying out his design ; at the
same time she told him, he could offer her a much
more pleasing crown by reciting a rosary of seven
decades every day in her honour.
The rosary used for this devotion is similar to
those commonly in use, except that it is composed of
seven decades instead of five. It is recited as fol
lows : Make the sign of the cross, and say the Credo,
to excite faith; then one Pater and three Aves, in
honour of the three theological virtues, and the
Gloria; then pass on to the decades of one Pater, ten
Aves, and the Gloria. The better to bear in mind
the mystery corresponding to the decade, the follow
ing words are usually introduced into the Hail Mary :
. . . blessed is the fruit of thy womb, Jesus, whom
thou hast conceived ; 2d, whom thou carriedst to visit
St. Elizabeth ; 3d, whom thou broughtest into the
world; 4th, whom the Magi came to adore, and to
whom they offered gifts ; 5th, whom thou/oundest in
the temple ; 6th, who appeared to thee in the garden
96 FRANCISCAN CROWN.
after His resurrection ; 7th, who raised thee to heaven

and crowned thee*
A Pater and an Ave are said at the end for the
Sovereign Pontiff.
When the crown is recited in common, it may be
said thus :
First joyful mystery. The archangel Gabriel
announced to the Blessed Virgin that she would be
the Mother of the Son of God. In union with her
joy, let us say to Jesus and Mary one Pater, ten
Aves, and a Gloria.
Second joyful mystery. The Blessed Virgin went
to visit her cousin Elizabeth. In union, &c.
Third joyful mystery. The Blessed Virgin gave
birth to the holy infant Jesus, in the stable of Beth
lehem. In union, &c.
Fourth joyful mystery. The three kings came
to adore her divine Son, and offered Him precious
gifts. In union, &c.
Fifth joyful mystery. Mary, having lost her
divine Son, on the third day found Him in the
Temple disputing with the doctors. In union, &c.
Sixth joyful mystery. Jesus appears to His ever-
blessed Mother after His resurrection. In union,
&c.
Seventh joyful mystery. After her glorious
death, the Blessed Virgin was carried by angels into
heaven, where she was proclaimed Queen of the
Universe, and Mother and Advocate of sinners. In
union, &c.
* In Latin: 1. Quem virgo ooncepisti ; 2. quem visitando
Elisabeth portasti ; 3. quem virgo genuisti ; 4. quem magi ado-
rarunt, et cui munera obtulerunt ; 5. quem in templo invenisti ;
6. qui post resurrectionem suam tibi apparuit ; 1. qui te in coelum
assumpsit et coronavit.
97
RECEPTION OF NOVICES.
Particular inquiry should be made, with great

prudence, into the life and morala of those who ask
to be received into the Third Order ; and after they
have followed the exercises of the congregation for
two or three months, the superior and masters (or
mistresses) of novices will present them to the di
rector, who, if he thinks fit to receive them, will
name a day for their clothing, and warn them to
prepare for a general confession. In the first as
sembly afterwards the superior will make known
the intended reception, and if any serious fault is
known against the person proposed to be received,
the director must be informed of it privately.
CEREMONY OF CLOTHING.
On the day fixed, the director, in surplice and stole, being
seated in a chair placed on the steps of the altar, on the
gospel-side, the two masters (or mistresses) of the novices
conduct the person about to be clad to the kneeling-desk,
covered with a cloth prepared by the sacristan, before the
middle of the altar, where, being on his (or her) knees, the
two masters (or mistresses) on either side, the director says :
What do you ask, my brother (or sister) ?
The person to be received answers, with great modesty, and in
a distinct voice :
My reverend father, I pray you, for the love of
God, to give me the holy habit of penance of the
Third Order of the Seraphic Father St. Francis, that
K
98 RECEPTION OF NOVICES.
I may serve God better by a perfect observance of

his commandments, and of the rule of the said order.
The director now pronounces an exhortation suitable to the
occasion, and afterwards intones the Veni Creator, which
the assistants continue.
Veni Creator Spiritus, Come, O Creator Spirit blest !
Mentes tuorum visita, And in our souls take up thy rest ;
Imple superna gratia, Come, with thy grace and hea
Quae tu creasti pectora. venly aid, [made.
To fill the hearts which thou hast
Qui diceris Paraclitus, Great Paraclete ! to thee we cry ;
Altissimi donum Dei, 0 highest gift of God most high !
Fons vivus, ignis, charitas, 0 fount of life I 0 fire of love T
Et spiritalis unctio. And sweet anointing from above !
Tu septiformis munere. Thou in thy sevenfold gifts art
Digitus Paternse dexterse, known ;
Tu rite promissum Patris, The finger of God's hand we own ;
Sermone ditans guttura. The promise of the Father thou !
Who dost the tongue with pow'r
endow.
Accende lumen sensibus, Kindle our senses from above,
Infunde amorem cordibus, And make our hearts o'erflow with
Infirma nostri corporis, love ; [high.*
Virtute firmans perpeti. "With patience firm, and virtue
The weakness of our flesh supply.
Hostem repellas longius, Far from us drive the foe we dread,
Pacemque dones protinus ; And grant us thy true peace in
Ductore sic te prievio stead ; [guide,
Yitemus omne noxium. So shall we not, with thee for
Turn from the path of life aside.
Per te sciamus da Patrem, Oh, may thy grace on us bestow,
Noscamus atque Filium, The Father and the Son to know,
Teque utrhiBque Spiritum And thee through endless times
Credamus omni tempore. confess' d
Of both th' eternal Spirit blest.
Deo Patri sit gloria, All glory while the ages run
Et Filio, qui a mortuis Be to the Father, and the Son
Surrexit, ao Paraclito, Who rose from death ; the same
In saeculorum sscula. to thee,
0 Holy Ghost, eternally.
Amen. Amen.
RECEPTION OF NOVICES. 99
Deus, qui cordafidelium 0 God who hast taught
sancti Spiritus illustra the hearts of the faithful
tions docuisti : da nobis by the light of the Holy
in eodem Spiritu recta sa- Ghost, grant we may be
pere, et de ejus semper truly wise in the same
consolatione gaudere. Per Spirit, and ever rejoice in
Dominum nostrum. In His consolation. Through,
unitate ejusdem. ifec.
Blessing of the Scapular.

V. Adjutorium nostrum V. Our help is in the
in nomine Domini. name of the Lord.
R. Qui fecit cesium et R. Who made heaven
terram. and earth.
V- Sit nomen Domini V. May the name of
benedictum. the Lord be blest.
R. Ex hoc nunc, et us R. Fromthistimeforth,
que in sseculum. and for evermore.
V. Domine, exaudi ora- V. O Lord, hear my
V. Dominus vobiscum. V. The Lord be with
R. Et cum spiritu tuo. you.
R. And with thy spirit.
Oremus.* Let us pray.
Domine Jesu Christe, O Lord Jesus Christ,
qui tegumen nostra mor- who hast deigned to put
talitatis induere dignatus on the garb of our mor-
When more than one person is to be received the plural is
used.
es, quique glorioso con- tality, and hast graciously

fessori tuo beatissimopatri inspired Thy glorious con
nostro Francisco, ut tres fessor, our most blessed
ordines institueret, salu- Father Francis, to insti
briter inspirasti, ac operis tute three orders, and the
tui vicarios summos ec- supreme pontiffs of Thy
clesise tuse Pontifices ipsos Church to approve them,
approbare fecisti, immen- we humbly beseech the a-
sam clementise tuse largi- bundance ofThy clemency
tatem suppliciter exora- to bless >J« these garments
mus, ut Lsec indumenta, which are instituted as a
quse ad pcenitentise, mor- means of penance, of mor
tificationis et humilitatis tification, and of humility,
juvamen, ac pro valida and as a strong armour
contra sseculum, carnem against the world, the flesh,
et dsemonem armatura in and the devil, that this Thy
stitute sunt, bene »J« dicere servant, who devoutly re
digneris, ut hie famulus ceives them, may lead as
tuus (hsec famula tua) N. pure and humble a life as
ea devote recipiens, te in these garments indicate,
tra se taliter induat, ut and, with Thy assistance,
sicut honestam humileni- having subdued every vice,
que vitam indumenta ipsa may truly serve Thee in
prsetendunt, sic etiam quo- heart, word, and deed, so
libet vitio, te adjuvante, as never to be separated
subacto, veraciter corde, from Thee by any temp
ore et opere vivere merea- tation. Who liveth and
tur, ut a te nullis tentatio- reigneth, &c.
nibus separetur. Qui vivis
et regnas, Deus, in ssecula
sseculorum.
It. Amen.
Blessing of the Cord.

Omnipotens et miseri- Almighty and merci
cors Deus, qui peccatori- ful God, who openest the
bus misericordiam tuam treasures of Thy mercy to
poscentibus thesauros pie- those sinners who seek
tatis tuse per pceniten- for penance, we humbly
tiam aperis, majestatem beseech Thy majesty to
tuam suppliciter exora- bless »J« this cord, which
mus, ut funem istum in is instituted as a memo
tuse passionis memoriale rial of Thy Passion, that
dispositum bene »J« dicere Thy servant, who is girded
digneris, ut famulus tuus with it as a sign of pen
(famula tua) N. qui (quse) ance, may mercifully ob
in pcemtentise signum eo tain the abundance of Thy
prsecingitur, benedictionis blessings. Who livest and
tuse largitatem misericor- reign est, &c.
diter consequatur. Qui
vivis et regnas, Deus, in
ssecula sseculorum.
R. Amen.
Blessing of the Rosary.

Omnipotens et miseri- Almighty and merci-
cors Deus, qui propter ful God, who for our sakes
nos Filium tuum unigeni- hast made Thine only be-
tum Dominum nostrum gotten Son our Lord
Jesum Christum de ccelis Jesus Christ come down
in terram descendere, et from heaven upon earth,
de beatissimse Virginis taking flesh from the ever-
Marise utero, angelo nun- blessed Virgin Mary's
k2
tiante, carnem suscipere womb, at the announce

voluisti, ut nos eriperes ment of an angel, to res
de potestate diaboli : ob- cue us from the power of
secramus inimensam cle- the devil, we beseech
mentiam tuam, ut hsec Thee in Thine infinite
signa psalterii in honorem mercy to bless this rosary
et laudem ejusdem Geni- which is dedicated by Thy
tricis Filii tui ab Ecclesia Church to the honour and
tua fideli dicata benetj» praise of the same blessed
dicas et sancti t$4 fices, Mother of Thy Son, to
eisque sanctam infundas sanctify it and to bestow
virtutem Spiritus sancti, the power of the Holy
ut quicumque horum Ghost upon it, that who
quodlibet secum porta- soever wears it upon or
verit, atque in domo sua about him, or keeps it re
reverenter habuerit, sanc- verently in his house, may
ta abundet devotione, et be filled with holy devo
ab omni hoste visibili et tion, be protected against
invisibili semper et ubi- all visible and invisible
que in sseculo liberetur, enemies in this world, and
et in exitu suo a beatissi- at his death be presented
ma semper virgine Maria to Thee by the ever-
tibi plenus (plena) bonis blessed Virgin Mary, full
operibus praesentari mere- of good works. Through
atur. Per eumdem Chris the same, &c.
tum Dominum nostrum.
R. Amen.
The director next sprinkles the habit or scapular, cord, and
rosary,* with holy water ; and turning towards the novice,
says : <
Exuat te Dominus ve- May the Lord take from
terem homincm cum ac- thee the old man with his
* These may be renewed, when necessary, without a fresh
blessing.
tibus suis, et induat te no- actions, and clothe thee
Turn, qui secundum Deum with a new one made ac-
creatus est. cording to God.
R. Amen.
Then, approaching the novice, he places the scapular upon
him, saying :
Induat te Dominus in- May the Lord clothe
dumento salutis, et vesti- thee with the garment of
mento justitise circumdet salvation, and surround
te semper. Per Christum thee always with the ves-
Dominum nostrum. ture of justice. Through
R. Amen. Christ our Lord.
He then gives him the cord, which the recipient places round
his loins, whilst the director says :
Prsecingat te Dominus, May the Lord gird thee,
charissime frater (charis- dearest brother (sister)
sima soror), cingulo ordi- with the girdle of this or
nis hujus, ad invocation em der, under the invocation
sanctissimi nominis sui, of His most holy name,
et beatissimi patris nostri and of our most blessed
Francisci, quo possis re- Father Francis, that thou
cordari vinculorum pas- mayest be mindful of the
sionis Domini nostri Jesu bonds of the Passion of our
Christi, et servire ad opera Lord Jesus Christ, and do
poenitentise et charitatis. works of penance and cha
rity.
Giving him the hours of the Blessed Virgin, or the Rosary,
he says :
Accipe hoc psalterii ge- Receive this office (or
nus, seu horarias preces, Rosary) as a sign of de-
in signum devotionis et votion and contemplation,
contemplationis, ut discas that thou mayest learn to
terrenadespicere, etamare despise what is earthly,

ccelestia. and to love what is hea
venly.
Presenting the rule, the director says :
Accipe regulam, quam Receive the rule, which
tibi servandam tradimus ; we give thee to observe ;
quod si ejus prsecepta ser- if thou keep its precepts,
vaveris, ipsa custodient te, they will protect thee, and
et addet Dominus vitse the Lord will fill thee with
tuse beuedictionem. blessings.
R. A men.
He next gives a lighted candle, saying :
Accipe, frater (soror), Receive, brother (sis
lumen in manibus tuis, ut ter), the light into thy
hoc signo discas opera te- hands, that with this sign
nebrarum fugere, et per thou mayest learn to shun
hunc novum vivendi mo- the works of darkness, and
dum lucis exempla sec- to follow in this new sort
tari. of life the examples of
R. Amen. light.
Turning towards the altar, he says :
you,
R. Et cum spiritu tuo. R. And with thy spirit.
qui dixisti : Jugum meum who hast said : My yoke
suave est, et onus meum is sweet and My burden
leve ; prsesta, qusesumus, light, grant we beseech
ut famulus tuus (famula Thee, that Thy servant
tua) sic illud portare val- may wear it so as to be
eat, ut possit consequi able to obtain Thy grace
tuam gratiam et gloriam and eternal glory. Who
seternam. Qui vivis. livest and reignest, &c.
He next prepares the novice for the General Absolution, in
spiring him (or her) with sentiments of contrition and con
fidence towards God. The postulant, or one of the assistants,
says the Confiteor, which, for the Franciscan order, is as fol
lows:
M. Confiteor Deo om- . R. I confess to Al-
nipotenti, beatse Marise mighty God, to blessed
semper Virgini, beato Mary ever Virgin, to
Joanni Baptistse, Sanctis blessed Michael the arch-
Apostolis Petro et Paulo, angel, to blessed John the
S. Francisco, omnibus Baptist, to the holy
Sanctis, et tibi pater, quia apostles Peter and Paul,
peccavi nimis cogitatione, to St. Francis, to all the
verbo, et opere, mea saints, and to you, father,
culpa, mea culpa, mea that I have sinned exceed-
maxima culpa. Ideoprecor ingly in thought, word,
beatam Mariam sem- and deed, through my
per Virginem, beatum fault, through my fault,
Michaelem archangelum, through my most griev-
beatum Joannem Baptis- ous fault. Therefore I
turn, sanctos Apostolos beseech blessed Mary ever
Petrum et Paulum, S. Virgin, blessed Michael
Franciscum, omnes sane- the archangel, blessed
tos, et te pater, orare pro John the Baptist, the holy
me ad Dominum Deum apostles Peter and Paul,
nostrum. St. Francis, and all the
saints, and you, O father,
to pray to the Lord our
God for me.
Then,' after the Misereatur and Indulgentiam, the director re
cites the following formula, by which is given the plenary
indulgence.
Dominus noster Jesus May our Lord Jesus
Christus, per suam piissi- Christ, by His most holy

mam misericordiain, et mercy, and by the merits
per meritum suae sacra- ofHis most sacred Passion
tissimse passionis te ab- absolve thee ; and I, by
solvat ; et ego, auctori- His authority, which I ad
tate ipsius qua fungor, minister, and also by the
necnon auctoritate summi authority of the Supreme
totius ecclesise Pontificis Pontiff of the whole
tibi concessa, mihi autem Church, which is given
in hac parte commissa, for thee, and with the ad
absolvo te, primo ab om- ministration of which I
ni vinculo excommunica- am commissioned in these
tionis majoris vel minoris, parts, absolve thee, first
si quod incurristi ; necnon from every bond of the
et ab omni transgressione greater or smaller ex
mandatorum Dei et ejus- communication, if thou
dem Ecclesise, simul et ab shouldst have fallen into
omnibus peccatis tuis ; re- any, and also from every
stituoque te eidem inno- transgression of the com
centise quam in baptis- mandments of God and
mate acquisieras. In no His Church, and likewise
mine Patris»J»et Filii et from all thy sins, and re
Spiritus sancti. store thee to the same in
R. Amen. nocence thou didst receive
in baptism. In the name
of the Father, *J* and of
the Son, tfc and of the
Holy Ghost.tJ»
The ceremony is concluded by chanting the Te Deum, or the
Laudate Domhium.
Te Deum laudamus : te Do- We praise thee, 0 God : wo
ininiim con&temur. acknowledge thee to be the
Lord.
Te seternum Patrem : omnis All the earth doth worship
terra veneratur. thee : the Father everlasting.
Tibi omnes angoli : tibi coeli To thee all angels : to thee
et universae potestates ; the heavens and all the powers
therein ;
Tibi cherubim et seraphim : To thee cherubim and sera
incessabili voce proclamant ; phim : continually cry ;
Sanctus, sanctus, sanctus : Holy, holy, holy : Lord God
Dominus Deus Sabaoth. of Sabaoth.
Pleni sunt coeli et terra : ma- Heaven and earth are full : of
jestatis glorias tuse. the majesty of thy glory.
Te gloriosus : Apostolorum The glorious choir of the
chorus. Apostles.
Te Prophetarum : laudabilis The admirable company of
numerus. the Prophets.
Te Martyrum : candidatus The white-robed army of
laudat exercitus. Martyrs : praise thee.
Te per orbem terrarum : The Holy Church through
sancta confltetur Ecclesia. out all the world : doth confess
thee.
Patrem : immense majesta- The Father : of infinite ma
tis. jesty.
Venerandum tuum verum : Thy adorable, true : and only
et unicum Filium. Son.
Sanctum quoque : Paracli- Also the Holy Ghost : the
tum Spiritum. Comforter.
Tu Rex glorise : Christe. Thou art the King of Glory :
O Christ.
Tu Patris : sempiternus es Thou art the everlasting Son:
Filius. of the Father.
Tu ad liberand«m susceptu- When thou tookest upon thee
rus hominem : non horruisti to deliver man : thou didst not
Virginis uterum, abhor the Virgin's womb.
Tu devicto mortis aculeo : When thou hadst overcome
aperuisti credentibus regna coe- the sting of death : thou didst
lorum. open the kingdom of heaven to
all believers.
Tu ad dexteram Dei sedes : Thou sittest at the right hand
in gloria Patris. of God : in the glory of the
Father.
Judex crederis : esse ventu- We believe that thou shalt
rus. come : to be our Judge.
* Te ergo quaesumus, tuis fa- We pray thee, therefore, help
mulis subveni : quos pretioso thy servants ; whom thou hast
sanguine redemisti. redeemed with thy precious
blood.
* Here it is usual to kneel.

108 RECEPTION OP NOVICES.
Sterna fac cum Sanctis tuis : Make them to be numbered

in gloria numerari. with thy Saints : in glory ever
lasting.
Salvum fac populum tuum, O Lord, save thy people :
Domine : et benedic hsereditati and bless thine inheritance.
tan.
Et rege eos : et extolle illos And govern them : and lift
usque in seternum. them up for ever.
Per singulos dies : benedici- Day by day : we bless thee.
mus te.
Et laudamus nomen tuum in And we praise thy name for
saiculum : et in sseculum ssc- ever : yea, for ever and ever.
culi.
Dignare, Domine, die isto : Vouchsafe, 0 Lord, this day :
sine peccato nos custodire. to keep us without sin.
Miserere nostri, Domine : 0 Lord, have mercy upon
miserere nostri. us : have mercy upon us.
Fiat misericordia tua, Do 0 Lord, let thy mercy be
mine, super nos : quemadmo- showed upon us : as we have
dum speravimus in te. hoped in thee.
In te Domine, speravi : non 0 Lord, in thee have I hoped :
confundar in sternum. let me not be confounded for
ever.
Psalm cxvi.
Laudato Dominum, omnes Praise the Lord, all ye Gen-
gentes : laudate eum, omnes tiles : praise him, all ye people :
populi:
Quoniam confirmata est super For his mercy is confirmed
nos misericordia ejus : et Veritas upon us : and the truth of the
Domini manet in seternum. Lord endureth for ever.
Gloria Patri. Glory be to the Father.
V. Confirma hoc, Deus, V. Confirm, O God, the

quod operatus es in nobis. work which Thou hast
wrought.
R. A templo sancto tuo R. From Thy holy-
quod est in Jerusalem. temple in Jerusalem.
V. Domine, exaudi ora- V. Lord, hear my pray
tionem meam. er.
R. Et clamor meus ad R. And let my cry
te veniat. come unto Thee.
RECEPTION OP NOVICES. 109
you.
R. Et cum spiritu tuo. R, And with thy spirit.

Deus, cujus misericor- O God, whose mercies
dise non est numerus, et are without number, and
bonitatis infinitus est the the treasure ofwhose good
saurus : piissimse majes- ness is infinite : we render
tati tuse pro collatis donis thanks to Thy most graci
gratias agimus, tuam sem ous majesty for the gifts
per clementiamexorantes : Thou hast bestowed upon
ut qui petentibus postu- us, evermore beseeching
lata concedis, eosdem non Thy clemency, that as Thou
deserens, ad prsemia futu- grantest the petitions of
ra disponas. them that ask Thee, Thou
wilt never forsake them,
but wilt prepare them for
the rewards to come.
qui, frigescente mundo, ad who, when the world was
inflammanda corda nostra growing cold, didst renew
tui amoris igne, in came the sacred marks of Thy
beatissimi patris nostri Passion in the flesh of the
Francisci passionis tuse most blessed Francis, to
sacra stigmata renovasti, inflame our hearts with
concede propitius, ut ejus the fire of Thy love ; mer
meritis et precibus cru- cifully grant, that by his
cem jugiter feramus, et merits and prayers we may
dignos fructus poenitentise always carry the cross,
faciamus. and bring forth worthy
fruits of penance. Who
livest, &c.
Actionea nostras, quse- Prevent, we beseech
110 CEREMONY OF PROFESSION.
sumus, Domine, aspirando Thee, O Lord, our actions

prseveni, et adjuvando pro- by Thy inspirations, and
sequere ; ut cuncta nostra further them with Thy
oratio et operatio a te sem- continual help ; that every
per incipiat, et per te coep- prayer and work of ours
ta finiatur. Per Chris- may always begin from
tum Dominum nostrum. Thee, and throughThee be
li. Amen. likewise ended. Through
Christ our Lord.
During the time the above is being chanted, the novice, accom-
Cied by two masters (or mistresses) of novices, presents
self to the superior, and then to the other officers of the
Congregation, and afterwards to the other assistants, to re
ceive the kiss of peace.
The director now returns to the sacristy, and enters on the re
gister of the Congregation the name, residence, and date of
vesture of the novice.
CEREMONY OF PROFESSION.
The year of novitiate being finished, and the novice considered
worthy to be admitted to the profession, he (or she) must
endeavour to prepare himself for this solemnity by a short
retreat.
On the day appointed for the profession, the sacristan must pre
pare the chapel as for a vesture ; and the same ceremonies
are to be observed.
The director asks the novice (who must kneel) :
What do you ask, my brother (or sister)?
He replies :
My reverend Father, I pray you for the love of
God to receive me to the profession of the Rule of
the Third Order of our Father St. Francis, the better
to work out my salvation.*
* If there are several novioos to make thoir profession, one
answers in the name of all.
CEREMONY OF PROFESSION. Ill
The director then addresses a short exhortation on the advan

tages and the duties of the Third Order ; after which he
chants, and, if the profession is made with solemnity, he is
joined by the assistants in chanting, the Veni Creator, with
the verses and prayer of the Holy Ghost.
After the prayer the Confiteor is said, and the director gives the
general absolution in form of jubilee, as at the clothing.
The novice then quits the kneeling-desk, and goes and kneels
before the director, who is seated at the foot of the altar ;*
the director puts the stole in the form of a cross on the hands
of the novice, and receives his profession.
FORM OF PROFESSION.
I Brother ST. (Sister N.) promise to Almighty

God, to the Blessed Virgin Mary, to our blessed
Father Francis, to all the saints, and to you, my
reverend Father, to keep all the commandments of
God during my life, and to satisfy in a suitable
manner the penances imposed upon me by the
Superiors for the transgressions I commit against
the Rule of the Third Order of Penance, instituted
by St. Francis, and confirmed by Nicholas IV., and
other popes his successors.
The director replies :
If you observe these things, I promise you, on
the part of God, life everlasting : in the name of
the Father, »J< and of the Son, and of the Holy
Ghost.
The newly professed answers :
Amen.
Immediately after the director puts a candle in his hand,
saying:
Accipe, frater (soror), Receive, brother (sis
* The sisters do not leave the kneeling-desk ; but the di
rector goes to them to receive their profession.
lumen in manibus tuis, ut ter), the light into thy

scias te per Christum Do- hands, that thou mayest
ininuru esse erutum (era- know that Christ the Lord
tam) a potestate tenebra- has delivered thee from
rum, et translatum (trans- the power of darkness, and
latam) in regnum dilecti- has transferred thee into
onis, lucis et pacis. the kingdom of love, light,
R. Amen. and peace.
The director then stands up, and recites over the newly pro
fessed, who is kneeling, the following prayer :
you.
Majestatem tuam, Do- We humbly implore Thy
mine, suppliciter exora- Majesty, O Lord, that Thou
mus, utfamulumtuumfra- wouldst vouchsafe to en-
trem nostrum, quem (famu- dow Thy servant, our bro-
lamtuam sororem nostram, ther (sister), whom we have
quam) de tua gratia prsesu- received amongst Thy dis-
mentes ad ordinem posni- ciples to the Order of Pen-
tenti8eadmisimus,digneris ance, presuming on Thy
inter discipulos tuos vir- grace, with virtue from on
tute ex alto induere justi- high, to fortify him (her)
tia3 lorica munire, et salu- with the breastplate of jus-
tis fovere vestimento, ut tice, and clothe him (her)
intercedente beato patre with the garment of salva-
Francisco confessore tuo, tion, that by the interces-
sub humilitatis veste tibi sion of Thy confessor, the
perseveranter deserviens, blessed Father Francis, he
ad stolam immortalitatis (she) may serve Thee with
et gloria mereatur perve- perseverance in the vesture
CEREMONY OF PROFESSION. 113
nire. Qui vivis et regnas of humility, and may de-

in ssecula sseculorum. serve to obtain the stole
R. Amen. of immortality and glory.
Who livest and reignest,
&c.
After this prayer the director intones the Te Deum, or the Lau-
date Dommum, which the assistants continue. Meantime
the newly professed is led to the superiors, and other assist
ants, to receive the kiss of peace, as at the clothing.
After the Te Deum., the following versicles and responses are re
cited :
V. Confirma hoc, Deus, V. Confirm, 0 God, the
quod operatus es in nobis, work which Thou hast
wrought.
R. A templo sancto tuo R. From Thy temple in
quod est in Jerusalem. Jerusalem.
V. Ora pro nobis, beate V. Pray for us, blessed
Pater Francisce. Father Francis.
R. Ut digni efficiamur R. That we may be
promissionibus Christi. made worthy the promises
of Christ.
V. Salvum fac servum V. Save Thy servant,
tuum, vd Salvam fac an-
cillam tuam.
R. Deus meus, speran- R. Who puts his (her)
tern in te. trust in Thee, O my God.
V. Domine, exaudi ora- V. Lord, hear my
you.
Deus cujus, &c, p. 109. 0 God, &c.
l2
Deus, qui famulum tu- O God, who inflamest

nm (famulam tuam), a va- Thy servant whom Thou
nitate sseculi conversum hast called from the vani
(conversant) ad bravium ty of this world to strive
supernse vocationis accen- after the reward of heav
dis, cordi illius purifican- enly vocation, purify his
do illabere, et gratiam tu (her) heart, and pour Thy
am qua in te perseveret, grace into it, that being
illi infunde ; ut protecti- fortified by Thy protection,
onis tuse munitus(munita) he (she) may with perse
prsesidiis, quod te donante verance fulfil what he (she)
promisit,adiinpleat,etpro- promised, and having fol
fessiouis suse sectator ef- lowed, with Thine aid, his
fectus (sectatrix efiecta) ad (her) vocation, he (she)
ea quse perseverantibus in may reach those things
te promittere dignatus es, which Thou hast promised
pertingat. to those who persevere.
Deus qui mira crucis O God, who hast mani
mysteria in beatissimo con- fested the wonderful mys
fessore tuo sancto Fran teries of the Cross in many
cisco multiformiter de- ways in Thy most blessed
monstrasti, da famulo tuo confessor St. Francis, grant
(famulse tuse) ipsius sem to Thy servant, that he
per exempla sectari, et as- (she) may always follow
sidua ejus crucis medita- his example, and be for
tione muniri. Per Chris tified in the assiduous
tum Dominum. meditation of the cross.
R. Amen. Through Christ our Lord.
After this the father director takes the crucifix from the altar,
and blesses tho newly professed, saying :
Benedicat te divinse May the divine Ma-
majcstatis Pater, «J« et jesty of the Father, »J«
CEREMONY OF THE VOW OF CHASTITY. 115
Filius, et Spiritus sane- Son, and Holy Ghost bless

tus. thee.
R. Amen.
He then presents the crucifix to the newly professed, who kisses
the feet ; and the director replaces it on the altar.
The act of profession is then entered in the register of the Con
gregation, and signed by the newly professed ; the director
and the superior also add their names. The act is to be
written according to the following form :
I Brother N. (Sister N„ wife or widow of N.),
dwelling at N., declare that I have made, with per
fect liberty, profession of the Rule of the Third Order
of Penance into the hands of the Rev. Father N.,
director of the congregation established at N. In
witness of which I sign this act, the of the
month of , the year .
If the newly professed cannot write, he must attach his usual
mark to the act of profession.
CEREMONY OF THE VOW OF CHASTITY.

For such as, being about to make their profession, with the con
sent of their confessor, desire to consecrate themselves to
God in the vow of perpetual chastity,* before receiving their
* However good and holy this vow may be, it must not be
made without great circumspection, particularly where it is a
question of perpetual chastity. It depends so much upon cir
cumstances of age, maturity of mind, and the calls of grace, that
it belongs only to a confessor of great wisdom and prudence to
permit it. "For young persons," says Liguori (Prax. Con/.,
No. 93), " who desire to preserve their virginity in the vow of
chastity, the confessor should not allow them to take it in per
petuity, at least unless they are well grounded in the practice of
virtue, and well formed in the rules of spiritual life, and much,
given to prayer. At first they must only bo allowed to take the
vow for a limited time, as from year to year."
116 CEREMONY OF THE VOW OF CHASTITY.
profession the director blesses a ring according to the follow

ing form :
BENEDICTION OF THE VIRGINAL RING.
V. Adjutorium nostrum V. Our help is in the

in nomine Domini. name of the Lord.
R. Qui fecit ccelum et R. Who made heaven
terram. and earth.
V. Domine,exaudi ora- V. O Lord, hear my
R. Et clamor meus ad R. And let my cry
te veniat. come unto Thee.
you.
Creator et conservator Creator and preserver
humani generis, dator gra of the human race, giver
tia: spiritualis et largitor of spiritual grace and
humanse salutis, tu, Do- bestower of human salva
mine, emitte bene >J< dic- tion, give Thy blessing
tionem tuam super hunc to this ring, that she who
annulum, ut quse eum ges- wears it may be tilled with
taverit, ccelesti virtute mu- heavenly power, and, as
nita, fidemintegram,fideli- a spouse of Christ, may
tatemquesinceram teneat, keep strict faith and sin
sicut sponsa Christi, vir- cere fidelity, and persever
ginitatis propositum cus- ing in perpetual chastity,
todiat, et in castitate per- may preserve holy virgi
petua perseveret. Per nity. Through Christ our
Christum Dominum nos Lord.
trum.
R. Amen.
CEREMONY OF THE VOW OF CHASTITY. 117
The director sprinkles the ring with holy water, and the vow ia
made, or renewed, in the following words :
FORM OF THE VOW OF CHASTITY.
O Eternal God, Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, I

N. Thine unworthy creature, prostrate before Thine
infinite Majesty, in the presence of the whole celes
tial court, relying on the hope of Thy succour, vow
and promise to preserve chastity of soul and body
for tlie remainder of my life.* Henceforth Thou
alone shalt be my portion, Thou alone shalt be my
God and the God of my heart. I renounce, then, all
that is contrary to holy purity and modesty. I take
my loving Jesus for my spouse, and I attach myself
entirely to Him for ever. Deign, 0 my God, to ac
cept this {irrevocable) vow, heap upon me Thy bene
dictions and graces, that I may stand unshaken under
all temptations, and may be victorious over all the
efforts of my enemies. Grant that by the consecra
tion I make Thee of all that I am, in that day I may
become a new and perfect victim of Thy divine love.
Amen.
The director replies :
Et ego, tamquam mi- And I, as the minister
nister Ecclesiaj Dei, ejus of the Church of God, ac-
nomine hanc tuam pro- cept and approve, in His
missionem et votum ac- name, of this thy promise
cepto et approbo : in no- and vow. In the name of
mine Patris >J< et Filii et the Father, iff and of the
Spiritus sancti. Son, and of the Holy
Amen. Ghost.
• When the vow is for a limited period, the time is expressed
instead of the words in italics ; and, further on, the word irre
vocable is omitted.
118 RENEWAX. OF THE PROFESSION.
The director then presents the ring to the person making the
vow, who places it on her finger, and the director says :
Desponso te Jesu Chris- I espouse thee to Jesus
to, Filio summi Patris, qui Christ, the Son of the Al-
te ilhesam custodiat. Ac- mighty Father, who may
cipe igitur annulum fidei, keep thee without spot.
signaculum Spiritus sane- Receive also the Ring of
ti, ut sponsa Dei voceris : Faith, the sign ofthe Holy
et si ei fideliter servieris, in Ghost, that thou mayest
perpetuum coroneris. In be called the spouse of
nomine Patris «J< et Filii God; and if thou faithfully
et Spiritus sancti. serve Him, thou wilt be
Amen. crowned for ever. In the
name of the Father, ij»
and of the Son, and of the
Holy Ghost.
It is not necessary to wear the ring ; but if there appears no
objection to it, the director, or confessor, can give per
mission.
RENEWAL OF THE PROFESSION.
It is to be desired that every Tertian will renew his

profession often, the better to appreciate the nature
and extent of his engagement, and to excite in him
a more perfect observance of the rule.
To encourage this holy exercise amongst Ter
tians, Pope Clement XII. granted a plenary indul
gence to all brothers and sisters of the Third Order
who, being contrite, and having confessed, commu
nicate and renew their profession the 16th of April,
RENEWAL OF THE PROFESSION. 119
which is the day, in the year 1209, on which St.

Francis established his First Order.
This renewal is made in the following manner :
Holy Trinity, Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, one
only God in Three Persons, I present myself before
Thee to adore Thee, and to render Thee thanks for
all the blessings and mercies Thou hast bestowed
upon me with so much bounty ever since I came
into the world. I thank Thee principally, 0 my
God, for having made me a member of the Third
Order of Thy servant, St. Francis. I confess that the
yoke of Thy holy service is neither heavy nor dif
ficult, and that I do not find myself oppressed with
my bonds ; on the contrary, I desire to bind more
tightly the sacred knots. I embrace, then, anew the
holy rule of our glorious Father St. Francis ; I ratify
my profession, and renew it with all my heart, pro
mising again to Thy Divine Majesty, to the Blessed
Virgin Mary, to our Blessed Father St. Francis, and
to all the saints, to keep Thy commandments all my
life, and to fulfil the penances imposed upon me by
my Superiors for my transgressions against the rule.
I make the inviolable resolution to be always faithful
to this. Deign to bless my resolution, O my God ;
kindle in my heart the fervour of Thy love, that,
glowing with the warmth of charity, I may be a
true child of our Seraphic Father, and never cease
to praise and to love Thee. Amen.
120
examination of Conscience on tfjc Utile,

WHICH MAY BE USED PREVIOUS TO RECEIVING
THE GENERAL ABSOLUTION AND PAPAL

BENEDICTION.
Place yourself in the presence of God, and endeavour to impress

yourself with His holy presence.
Earnestly implore the Holy Ghost to enlighten you, that you
may perform well the great duty you are about to enter
upon.
Ask the assistance of our Blessed Lady, of our holy Father
St. Francis, of your patrons, and of all the saints of tho
Order.
1. Have I doubted of any article of Catholic

faith? Have I taken all necessary pains to cherish
a love of this holy faith in my heart, and reduced it
to practice?
2. Have I taken sufficient pains to inform my
self of the duties imposed upon me by the Rule ?
Have I done all that was required of me on being
received into the Order ? Have I satisfied the pe -
nances given to me for transgressions against the
Rule ? Have I made restitution ? Have I done all
in my power to be reconciled with my neighbour ?
Have I entertained any wish to withdraw from the
Order ?
3. Though not required to conform to the letter
EXAMINATION OP CONSCIENCE. 121
of the Rule with respect to the habit, have I con

formed to it in spirit, by adopting simplicity and
modesty in dress ? Have I been careful to wear the
scapular and cord of the Order, not laying them
aside unnecessarily ? Has my comportment been
such as would become the religious habit 1
4. Have I avoided balls, theatres, and other places
of public amusement not suited to my position as a
member of the Order ? Have I in any way encouraged
such amusements, either by giving money or sanc
tioning others attending them 1 Have I been fri
volous in my amusements ?
5. Have I kept the fasts prescribed by the Rule,
or have I obtained the necessary dispensation 1 Being
dispensed, have I observed the spirit of the Rule
in this respect, avoiding gluttony or over-delicacy,
taking all things with becoming moderation 1 Have
I been careful to ask the prescribed blessing before,
and to return thanks after my meals ; or, having
omitted to do so, have I said the three Paters re
quired 1
6. Have I endeavoured to cherish in my heart
a desire for frequent communion, and been careful
to communicate, by the advice of my director, on the
festivals of the Saints of the Order, taking advantage
of these occasions to implore them to assist me in
being faithful to my Rule t
7. Have I armed myself with any weapon, to resist
any real or imaginary injury or insult? Have I done
any thing to bring about disagreement with my neigh
bour ? Or being at variance, have I done all in my
power to be reconciled with him 1 Have I avoided
discussing vexed questions, such as are calculated to
lead to angry differences f
M
122 EXAMINATION OF CONSCIENCE
8. Have I been exact as to time, and have T pre

pared myself for reciting the office or prayers substi
tuted for it 1 Have I taken proper pains to be re
collected, and said my office with devotion, and not
merely as a matter of form 1
9. Have I made my will, as prescribed by the
Rule 1 And done so with due regard to justice, so
as not to expose my heirs to vexatious lawsuits ?
10. Have I exercised due consideration for the
feelings of others, avoiding any thing calculated to
vex or annoy them ? Have I exercised my influence
in reconciling others and being reconciled myself?
Have I been exacting of others 1
11. Have I given cause for persecution by mis
conduct or imprudence ? Have I forgiven those who
have persecuted or annoyed me ?
12. Have I given way to swearing ; or, having
done so from inadvertency or carelessness, have I
repeated the three Paters prescribed by the Rule ?
Have I been moderate in my way of talking, or have
I assumed a loud voice and imperious manner ? Have
I insisted doggedly upon any point 1
13. Have I taken every reasonable opportunity of
assisting at daily Mass and the other offices of the
Church, and done so on fasts with due attention,
endeavouring to impress myself with the great so
lemnity ? Have I assisted at the monthly assemblies,
and offered alms according to my means ?
14. Have I been careful to visit the sick mem
bers of the Order, offering them such consolation as
I was able ? Have I assisted at the interment of
such as have died, and done what the Rule requires
on behalf of defunct members ? Have I prayed
daily for the living and dead members of the Order J
ON THE RULE. 123
15, 16. Being elected to any office, have I accepted

it humbly and fulfilled the duties faithfully ?
17. Have I been careful to avoid lawsuits or
vexatious litigation, being willing to make some
sacrifice for this end 1 Or, not being able to avoid
litigation, have I conducted it charitably, so as not
to subject my adversary to unnecessary vexation 1
18. Have I obtained dispensation from fasting
without real necessity, but from a spirit of immorti-
fication 1
19. Being warned of my faults, have I received
the advice humbly, and endeavoured to correct my
failings ?
20. Though no omission or transgression against
the Bule is a mortal or even a venial sin, unless it is
opposed to the commandments of God or the Church,
still have I, according to the spirit of the Order,
cherished a love of obedience to these rules, being
careful not to do any thing contrary to them 1
GENERAL OBSERVATIONS.
As Members of. a Beligious Order, we should

endeavour to practise the three virtues characteristic
of the religious life—poverty, obedience, and chastity,
according to our state : as children of St. Francis,
the great lover of poverty, we should labour hard to
destroy in our hearts all attachment to riches and
worldly honours. Every-day life will afford us many
opportunities for this. If God has put riches into
our hands, we should dispense them liberally and
cheerfully. If in the course of our daily transactions
we are subject to losses, or are made to pay moro
than we think is quite just, we should not attach an
124 EXAMINATION OF CONSCIENCE.
undue importance to it, remembering that it is better

to have less than more, and accepting the loss as a
little sacrifice, which we can offer up in thanksgiving
to God through our holy Founder.
Prayer, alms, and mortification are three things
we should practise daily ; we should endeavour to
remember, that the omission of any one, so to speak,
renders the others imperfect ; so that we must practise
them simultaneously. Our prayers should be fervent,
constant, and universal, for every action should be
seasoned by prayer ; our alms must be liberal, ac
cording to our means, and if it is not in our power
to give money, we can assist our neighbour in many
other ways ; or we can, at least, always pray for him.
We must be generous in our mortifications, which
we can practise without injuring the health or attract
ing notice : on this head we must consult our direc
tor, who will best know what suits each individually.
The daily practice of these three virtues will help
us much in the way of perfection, and will prevent
our falling into the inconsistencies so frequently ob
served in pious persons, who are apt to attach them
selves to some one of these to the exclusion of the
other two.
It does not accord with our present object to
expatiate at length upon our Rule, or the duties in
cumbent upon us as members of a religious order,
but the above examination of conscience, with the
remarks, will be sufficient to turn attention to this
important subject, which each one will strive to ap
ply for himself.
125
GENERAL ABSOLUTION AND PAPAL

BENEDICTION.
According to the declaration of Leo X., members of

the Third Order can receive the General Absolution
and Papal Benediction four times a year, at choice
as to time, according to the following formula :
Confiteor, fyc. Misereatur, fyc.
Indulgentiam, fyc.
Christus, per merita suse Christ, through the merits
sacratissimsepassionis,vos of His most holy Passion,
absolvat, et gratiam suam absolve thee and fill thee
vobis infundat. Et ego, with His grace ; and I, by
auctoritate ipsius et bea- His authority, and that of
torum apostolorum Petri the holy apostles Peter
et Pauli, et summorum and Paul and the supreme
pontificum, ordini nostro Pontiffs, which is granted
ac vobis concessa, et mihi to our Order and to thee,
in hac parte commissa, ab- and with which authority
solvo vos ab omni vinculo I am commissioned in this
excommunicationis majo- part, I absolve thee from
ris vel minoris (suspensi- every bond of the greater
onis) et interdicti, si quod or lesser excommunica-
forte incurristis, et resti- tion, suspension, or inter-
tuo vos unioni et partici- diet, if thou shouldst have
pationi fidelium, necnon fallen into any, and re-
sacrosanctis ecclesise sa- store thee to the union
cramentis. Item eadem and participation of the
h 2
126 GENERAL ABSOLUTIONS.
auctoritate absolve vos ab faithful, and to the holy

omni transgressione voto- Sacraments of the Church.
rum, et regulse, constitu- Likewise, by the same au
tionum, ordinationum et thority, I absolve thee
admonitionum majorum from all transgressions
nostrorum, ab omnibus against the vows, the rule,
poenitentiis oblitis, seu the constitutions, statutes,
etiam neglectis, et ab om and admonitions of our
nibus peccatisvestris, qui- ancestors ; from all pen
bus contra Deum et proxi- ances which may have
mum fragilitate humana, been forgotten or neglect
ignorantia, vel malitia deed, and from all thy sins,
liquistis, concedens vobis committed through human
remissionem et indulgen- frailty, ignorance, or ma
tiam plenariam omnium lice, against God or thy
peccatorum vestrorum neighbour ; and I grant
confessorum, et etiam thee remission and plen
cunctorum de quibus non ary indulgence of all thy
recordamini, aut obliti fu- sins, confessed or forgot
istis, in quantum claves ten, in as far as the keys
ecclesise se extendunt, et of the Church extend, and
restituo vos illi innocenti», restore thee to baptismal
in qua eratis, quando bap- innocence, »J» and by the
tizati fuistis : »J< et quo- same apostolic authority,
modo sanctitas domini in the same manner as if
nostri N. Papse faceret, si our holy father the Pope
ipsemet in confessione N. were to hear thy con
peccatavestra auscultaret; fession, I give thee the
ac eadem auctoritate apos- papal benediction. In the
tolicabenedictionem papa- name of the Father, >J«
lem vobis impertior. In and of the Son, and of the
nomine Patris »J» et Filii Holy Ghost.
et Spiritus sancti.
Amen.
GENERAL ABSOLUTIONS. 127
GENERAL ABSOLUTION FOR CERTAIN

FESTIVALS.
Leo X. has granted the privilege of the General
Absolution on the following festivals : Christmas, the
Epiphany, Easter, the Ascension, Pentecost, Corpus
Christi, the Purification, the Annunciation, the Visi
tation, the Assumption, the Nativity of our Lady,
the Presentation, the Immaculate Conception, the
Feasts of the Apostles Peter and Paul, of St. Francis
our most holy founder, St. Clare, St. Catherine (25th
Nov.), All Saints, every day during Holy Week, and
on $he Feast of the Portiuncula.
This General Absolution is the same in form as
the preceding one, but the Papal Benediction is not
added at the end.
GENERAL ABSOLUTION AT THE ARTICLE

OF DEATH.
To all priests, secular and regular, who shall have
obtained from the Father Provincial of the Francis
can Order the faculty to administer the General Ab
solution to Tertians,* Sixtus V. has granted the
power to apply it at the article of death, with a
plenary indulgence.
The following formula may be used :
Confiteor, <$-c. Misereatur, <J-c.
Indulgentiam, <$-c.
* This faculty can be withdrawn by tho provincial ministers,
should they deem it prudent to do so.

Christus, per merita suse Christ, through the merits
sacratissimse passionis, te of His most holy Passion,
absolvat, et gratiam suam absolve thee and fill thee
tibi infundat. Et ego, with His grace ; and by
auctoritate ipsius et bea- His authority, and also by
torum apostolorum Petri that of the holy apostles
et Pauli, et summorum Peter and Paul, and of the
pontificum, mihi in hac Supreme Pontiff, with
parte commissa, et tibi which I am in this part
concessa, absolvo te ab commissioned, and which
omni vinculo excommuni- is granted to thee, I ab
cationis majoris vel mino- solve thee from every bond
ris (suspensionis) et inter- of the greater or lesser ex
dicti, si quod forte incur- communication (suspen
risti, et dispenso tecum sion) and interdict, if per
in omni irregularitate, si chance thou shouldst have
quam contraxisti, et res- fallen into any, and I dis
tituo te unioni et partici pense thee from every ir
pation! fidelium, necnon regularity, ifthou shouldst
sacrosanctis ecclesia3 sa- have committed any, and
cramentis. Item eadem restore thee to the union
auctoritate ego absolvo te and participation of the
abomni transgressione vo- faithful, and to the most
torum et regulse tui ordi- holy sacraments of the
nis et statutorum papali- Church.
um, generalium, provinci- Likewise, by the same
alium, custodialium, loca- authority, I absolve thee
lium et synodalium quo- from every transgression
rumcumque. Item eadem of the vows, rule of thy
auctoritate ego absolvo te order, or papal statutes, or
ab omni officio divino other general, provincial,
male persoluto, horis in- local, or synodial statutes.
debite transpositis vel o- By the same authority,
GENERAL ABSOLUTIONS. 129
missis. Item eadem aucto- I absolve thee from every
ritate ego absolvo te ab neglect, omission, and im
omnibus peccatis tuis, proper putting off of the
quibus contra Deuin et divine office.
proximum fragilitate hu- By the same authority,
mana, ignorantia, vel ma- I absolve thee from all
litia deliquisti, et ab om thy sins, committed
nibus poenitentiis oblitis, through human frailty,
seu etiam neglectis ; con- ignorance, or malice, a-
cedens tibi remissionem gainst God or thy neigh
et indulgentiam plenariam bour, and also from every
peccatoruin tuorum con- penance which thou
fessoruin, et etiam cunc- shouldst have forgotten
torum de quibus non re- or neglected. And I grant
cordaris, aut oblitus (ob- thee remission and plen
lita) fuisti, in quantum ary indulgence of all thy
claves ecclesise se extend- sins confessed or forgotten,
unt. Item eadem aucto- in as far as the keys of
ritate ego absolvo te a poe- the Church extend.
nis purgatorii, quas pro Likewise, by the same
peccatis commissis, et de- authority, I absolve thee
lictis in hoc inundo per- from the pains of purga
petratis, meruisti, restitu- tory which thou hast de
endo te 1113 innocentise, in served for thy sins and
qua eras quando bapti- crimes committed in this
zatus (baptizata) fuisti. In world, and I restore thee
nomine tJ< Patris et Filii to thy baptismal inno
et Spiritus sancti. Amen. cence. In the name of
Quod si hac vice non de- the Father, »J< and of the
cesseris, reservo tibi banc Son, and of the Holy
gratiam usque ad extre- Ghost.
mum mortis tuse articu-
lum.
MONITUM PRO DIRECTORIBUS TERTIARIORUM CIRCA

ABSOLUTIONES GENERALES.
Absolution es generales cadunt super excommuni-

cationibus, suspensionibus et irregularitatibus, quas
tertiarii forte ignoranter contraxerunt, vel obliti sunt,
ita ut, si postea recordentur, et cognoscant se aliquam
censuram, vel poenam reservatam incurrisse, non te-
neantur amplius pro absolutione ab illis censuris vel
poenis, recurrere ad superiorem habentem facultatem,
sed sufficiat quod confiteantur communi confessario
peccata, ob qua? Mas incurrerunt ; nam ilia peccata,
ut supponitur, erant solum reservata ratione censurse,
qua sublata, cessat reservatio peccati. Illse tamen
absolutiones, cum non sint sacramentales, sunt quas-
dam absolutiones deprecative, per quas subditi absol-
vuntur ab omnibus censuris, etc., et a patna debitapro
peccatis, jam quoad cidpam dimissis, adhuc in hoc,
vel altera vita exsolvenda. Unde cum in talibus ab-
solutionibus dicitur : Absolvo vos ab omnibus peccatis
vestris, idem est ac ab omnibus poznis debitispro iisdem,
juxta illud II Mach. xh. : Sancta et salubris est cogi-
tatio pro defunctis exorare, ut a peccatis solvantur, ubi
peccata sumuntur pro poenis debitis pro iisdem. Sic
Rodriquez, Kerchove, Kazenberger, Sporer et alii pas
sim apud Ferraris, V. Prcelatus regul. art. 67.
Unde enixe deprecantur, et serio monentur om-
nes directores ad has generales absolutiones suis sub-
ditis impertiendas diebus omnibus et festivitatibus,
quibus id eis a Sede apostolica per specialia privilegia
est concessum, ne tanto spirituali bono fraudentur.
131
LITANIES AND PEAYERS TO THE SAINTS

OF THE ORDER.
Litany of St. Francis.

Kyrie eleison. Lord have mercy on us.
Christe eleison. Christ have mercy on us.
Pater de ccelis Deus, >g God the Father of hea- jj,
Co' ven, |
Fili Redemptor mundi § God the Son, Eedeemer ^
Deus, « of the world, «
Spiritus Sancte Deus, § God the Holy Ghost, <§
Sancta Trinitas unus S- Holy Trinity, one God, §
Deus, c
S3
Sancta Maria Immacu- Holy Mary of Immacu- '
latse Conceptionis, late Conception,
Sancte Francisce Sera- St. Francis, the Sera
phice, ^ phic,
Sancte Francisce, pater g St. Francis, most pru- |j|
prudentissime, *§ dent Father, a
Sancte Francisce, ini- « St. Francis, commence-^
tium totius Ordinis § ment of all the Fran- -*
Franciscani, &• ciscan orders, §
Sancte Francisce, patri- St. Francis, patriarch of
archa pauperum, the poor,
Sancte Francisce, despi- St. Francis, despiser of
ciens mundum, the world,
132 LITANIES AND PKATERS
Sancte Francisce, exem- St. Francis, model of

plum poenitentise, penance,
Sancte Francisce, vin- St.Francis, conqueror of
cens mundi vitia, the vices of the world,
Sancte Francisce, imi St. Francis, imitator of
tator Salvatoris, the Saviour,
Sancte Francisce, ferens St. Francis, bearer ofthe
Christi stigmata, marks of Christ,
Sancte Francisce, Jesu St. Francis, sealed with
characteribus insig- the character ofJesus,
nite,
Sancte Francisce, nor St. Francis, rule of pu
ma castitatis, rity,
Sancte Francisce, for St.Francis, model of hu
ma humilitatis, O mility, _ ^
Sancte Francisce, flo- a St. Francis, abounding^
rens gratia, g in grace, ^
Sancte Francisce, via er- s St. Francis, the way of °*
rantium, §,; the erring, §
Sancte Francisce, mo-50 St. Francis,model of the
dela infirmorum, weak,
Sancte Francisce, co- St. Francis, pillar of the
lumna Ecclesise, Church,
Sancte Francisce, fidei St. Francis, defender of
defensor, the faith,
Sancte Francisce, ath- St. Francis, champion of
leta Christi, Christ,
Sancte Francisce, pro- St. Francis, defence to
pugnaculum militan- those who fight,
tium,
Sancte Francisce, scu St. Francis, invulner
tum inexpugnabile, able shield,
Sancte Francisce, expug- St. Francis, confoundcr
nator hsereticorum, of heretics,
TO THE SAINTS OP THE ORDER. 133
Sancte Francisce, con St. Francis, convertor of
versio paganorum, pagans,
Sancte Francisce, eri St. Francis, who made ^
gens claudos, §>
a the lame to walk, g
Sancte Francisce, susci-1^ St. Francis, raiser of the^
tans mortuos, ° dead, ?
Sancte Francisce, mun- §, St. Francis, healer of g
dans leprosos S- the leprous,
Sancte Francisce, advo St. Francis, advocate of
cate civitatis nostrse, our congregation,
Agnus Dei, qui tollis pec- Lamb of God, who taketh
cata mundi, Parce nobis, away the sins of the
Domine. world, Spare us, O Lord.
cata mundi, Exaudinos, away the sins of the
Domine. world, Graciously hear
us, 0 Lord.
cata mundi, Miserere away the sins of the
nobis. world, Have mercy on
us.
Cliriste exaudi nos. Christ graciously hear us.
V. Visita prolem tuam V. Visit thy unfortunate
miseram, beate Pater children, blessed Father
Francisce. Francis.
H. Earn a somno mortis R. Rouse them from the
excita. sleep of death.

Deus qui ecclesiam tu- O God, who by the
am beati Francisci meri- merits of Blessed Francis
tis, foetu novse prolis am- dost increase Thy Church
plificas ; tribue nobis, ex by a new progeny, grant
134 LITANIES AND PRAYERS
ejus imitatioue, terrena us, by imitating him, to

despicere et coelestium do- despise earthly things, and
norum semper participa- ever to rejoice in the parti-
tioni gaudere. Per Chris- cipation of heavenly gifts.
turn Dominum nostrum. Through our Lord Jesus.
Amen.
Litany of St. A ntony of Padua.

Sancta Maria, sine pec- Holy Mary, conceived
cato concepta, without sin,
S. Antoni, sacrarium di- St. Antony, sanctuary
vinse sapientise, of divine wisdom,
S. Antoni, speculum St. Antdhy, mirror of
obediential, obedience,
S. Antoni, poenitentia3 St. Antony, example of
exemplar, q penitence,
S. Antoni, perfectionum g St. Antony, example of ^
exemplar, *« perfection, J|
S.Antoni, Minorum glo- ° St. Antony, glory of the^
ria, I Brothers Minor, *
S. Antoni, innocentium S- St. Antony, protector of 3
defensor, the innocent,
S. Antoni, consolator af- St. Antony, comforter
flictorum, of the afflicted,
S.Antoni,da;monum ter St. Antony, terror of de
ror, mons,
S. Antoni, infirmorum St. Antony, healer ofthe
curator, sick,
S. Antoni, csecorum illu St. Antony, light to the
minator, blind,
TO THE SAINTS OF THE ORDER. 135
S. Antoni, captivorum St. Antony, liberator of
liberator, 9 captives, . ^
S. Antoni, prodigiis ac.^ St. Antony, renownedcg
miraculis illustris, 3 in miracles and pro-^
digies, ^
S. Antoni, omnium te jP St. Antony, helper of?
invocantium adjutor, ' all who invoke thee,
cata mundi, Parce nobis, away the sins of the
Domine. world, Spare us, 0 Lord.
Domine. world, Hear us, 0 Lord.
nobis. world, Have mercy on us.
Chrkte exaudi nos. Christ graciously hear us.
V. Ora pro nobis, beate V. Pray for us, blessed
Antoni. St. Antony.
E. Ut digni efficiamur R. That we may be
promissionibus Christi. made worthy the pro
mises of Christ.
Ecclesiam tuam, Deus, May the votive solem
beati Antonii confessoris nity of the Blessed An
tui solemnitas votiva lseti- tony, Thy confessor, give
ficet, ut spiritualibus sem joy to Thy Church, O
per muuiatur auxiliis, et God ; that it may be ever
gaudiis perfrui mereatur defended by spiritual as
jeternis. sistance, and deserve to
Amen. possess eternal joys.
Litafiy of the Saints of the Three Orders of our

Seraphic Father St. Francis.
Pater de coelis Deus, God the Father of hea
S3 ven,
Fili Redemptor mundi s- God the Son, Redeemer fcq
Deus, 3 of the world, §
Spiritus Sancte Deus, » God the Holy Ghost, §
Sancta Trinitas unus § Holy Trinity, one God, §
Deus, S-
Sanctissime nomen Jesu, Most holy Name of I
Jesus, ' g
Sancta Maria sine pec- Holy Mary, conceived '
cato concepta, without sin,
Sancta Dei Genitrix, Holy Mary, Mother of
God,
SanctaVirgo virginum 9
Holy Virgin of virgins,
Sancta Maria, regina1» Holy Mary, Queen of?
Angelorum, o Angels, J§
Sancta Maria, Seraphi- § Holy Mary, Mother of ^
ci Ordinis Mater, s- the Seraphic Order, g
Sancte Michael, St. Michael,
Sancte Gabriel, St. Gabriel,
Sancte Raphael, St. Raphael,
Omnes sancti angeli et All holy angels and
archangeli, archangels,
Sancte Joseph, sponse St. Joseph, spouse of the
Virginia intemerata, Virgin untouched,
Sancte Joachim, pater St. Joachim, father of
Virginis superama- the most amiable
bilis, Virgin,
Omnes sancti patriar All holy Patriarchs,
ch*,
Sancte Francisce, Mino- St. Francis, patriarch
rum patriarcha, cum of the Brothers Mi
sociis suis, nor, with his com
panions,
Sancte Francisce, sanc- St. Francis, patriarch
timonialium pater, of the religious,
Sancte Francisce, pceni- St. Francis, patriarch
tentium parens, of penitents,
S. Daniel, St. Daniel,
S. Angele, 0 St. Angel,
S. Samuel, 2 St. Samuel, $
S. Donule, •§ St. Donule, <§
S. Leo, <=> St. Leo, *§»
S, Hugoline, 1 St. Hugolin, s
S. Nicola, S- St. Nicholas,
S. Bernarde, St. Bernard,
S. Petre, St. Peter,
S. Accurti, St. Accurtius,
S. Adjute, St. Adjut,
S. Otho, St. Otho,
S. Petre Baptista, Ja- St. Peter Baptist, pro-
ponensium proto- tomartyr of Japan,
martyr,
S. Martine, St. Martin,
S. Francisce, St. Francis,
S. Philippe, St. Philip,
S. Gondisalve, St. Gonzalvo,
S. Paule, St. Paul,
s2
S. Gabriel, St. Gabriel,

S. Joannes, St. John,
S. Thoma, St. Thomas,
S. Joachim, St. Joachim,
S. Bonaventura, O St. Bonaventura,
S. Leo, 2 St. Leo,
S. Thoma, "| St. Thomas,
S. Martine, 3 St. Martin, 'a.
S. Antoni, §< St. Antony, g
S. Ludovici, • St. Louis,
S. Paule, St. Paul,
S. Michael, St. Michael,
S. Petre, St. Peter,
S. Cosma, St. Cosma,
Omnes sancti martyres, All ye holy Martyrs, Pray
Orate pro nobis. for us.
S. Bonaventura, Ora pro St. Bonaventura, Pray for
nobis. us.
Omnes sancti doctores, All ye holy Doctors, Pray
S. Ludovici, Ora pro no St. Louis, Pray for us.
bis.
S. Bonaventura, Ora pro St. Bonaventura, Pray for
nobis. us.
Omnes sancti pontifices, All ye holy Pontifis, Pray
S. Antoni, O St. Antony, ^
S. Bernardine, » St. Bernardin, <2
S. Jacobe, § St. Jacob, «^
S. Joannes, 3 St. John, £>
S. Petre, | St. Peter,
S. Bernardine, ■ St. Bernardin,
Omnes sancti prsedicato- All ye holy Missionaries,
res, Orate pro nobis. Pray for us.
S. Didace, Ora pro no St. Didacius, Pray for us.
bis.
S. Salvator, St. Saviour,
S. Paschalis, St. Pascal,
!?
S. Felix, St. Felix, ^
S. Guido, St. Guy,
Omnes sancti confessores, All ye holy Confessors,
Orate pro nobis. Pray for us.
S. Ludovici, o St. Louis, k»
S. Elzeari, 2 St. Elzear, "r
S. Roche, ^ St. Roch,
S. Yvo, J St. Ives,
S. Conrade, g, St. Conrad, £
S. Lucide, *' St. Lucid,
Omnes sancti pcenitentes, All ye holy Penitents, Pray
Sancta Anna, mater Vir- St. Ann, Mother of the
ginis admirabilis, Blessed Virgin,
S. Clara, St. Clare,
S. Catherina, St. Catherine,
S. Elisabeth, St. Elizabeth,
S. Colleta, St. Collette,
S. Clara, O St. Clare, Sj
S. Margarita, a St. Margaret, J
S. Elisabeth, ^ St. Elizabeth, C;
S. Rosa, s St. Rose, °
S. Ludovica, 1» St. Louisa, §
S. Viridiana, ?" St. Viridin,
S. Francisca, St. Frances,
S. Humiliana, St. Humilian,
S. Helena, St. Helen,
S. Isabella, St. Isabella
140 LITANIES AND PRAYEIW
8. Lucia, St. Lucy, ^b

S. Delphina, ? St. Delphinia, <ff
S. Salomea, J5 St. Salomea, "g,
S. Brigitta, St. Brigit, J
S. Angella, St. Angela, ?
Omnes sanctse 'Virgines et All ye holy Virgins and
Viduse, Orate pro nobis. Widows, Pray for us.
Omnes Sancti et Sanctae All ye holy Saints of God,
Dei, Intercedite pro no- Pray for us.

cata mundi, Parce no away the sins of the
bis, Domine. world, Spare us, 0 Lord.
Domine. world, Graciously hear
us, 0 Lord.
nobis. world, Have mercy on
us.
Ant. Vos sancti Dei in- Ant. O all ye blessed
clyti, qui estis mente sim- of God, who have imi
plici Franciscum imitati, tated Francis in the sim
orate ut hie fervidi et in plicity of your hearts, and
futuro, lucidi simus et nos now share his glory, ob
beati. tain for us the same fa
vour here below, and the
same happiness in eter
nity.
V. iEterna fac nos, Do V. Grant, Lord, that
mine, cum Sanctis tuis. we may be of the number
of Thine elect.
R. In gloria uumerari. H. In eternal glory.
Devotionem nostram, Shed, we beseech Thee,
qusesutnus,Domine, gratia O Lord, the abundance of
sancta tua reddat salu- Thy grace on our devo
tarem ; ut quos Sancto tion, that the pious com
rum, Martyrum, Docto- memoration we make of
rum, Pontificum, Prsedi- all the children of our
catorum, Confessorum, seraphic Father Francis,
Pcenitentium, Virginum, placed in the list of Saints,
ac Viduarum, seraphici or of blessed Martyrs,
Patris nostri Sancti Fran- Doctors, Pontiffs, Mis
cisci filiorum, sexus utri- sionaries, Confessors, Pe
usque commemoratio, vo- nitents, Virgins, and Wi
tiva lsetificat, eoruni inter- dows, may gladden our
cedentibus meritis, gra- hearts, and obtain for us,
tiam perseverantem in through their intercession,
prsesenti, et seternam in eternal life. Through Je
ccelis gloriam consequa- sus Christ our Lord.
niur. Per Christum Do-
minum nostrum.
Amen.
142
PRAYERS TO DIFFERENT SAINTS OF THE

ORDER, ETC.
December 8th, Feast of the Immaculate Conception.

O God, who, by the Immaculate Conception of
the Virgin, didst prepare for Thy Son an habitation
worthy of Him ; grant us, by her intercession,
faithfully to keep our hearts and bodies immaculate
for Thee, who didst preserve her from all stain.
Through the same our Lord, <fcc. Amen.
The Second Sunday after the Epiphany.

(The Holy Name of Jesus.)
0 God, who didst ordain Thine only-begotten Son
to be the Saviour of mankind, and didst command
that He should be called Jesus ; mercifully grant that
we may enjoy in heaven the blessed vision of Him,
whose holy name we venerate upon earth, Through
the same, <fcc. Amen.
December 18th, St. Elizabeth the Good.

0 God, increase, we beseech Thee, our love for
the Passion of Thy Divine Son, and grant that in
imitating the Blessed Elizabeth Thy spouse, the
memory of this holy Passion may grow in our
hearts. Through the same, &c.
PRAYEKS TO DIFFERENT SAINTS. 143
January 30th, St. Hyacinth of Mariscotti.

O God, who madest blessed Hyacintha Thy vir
gin a victim of continual mortification and charity ;
grant us, through her example and intercession, wor
thily to lament our own sins, and to continue steadfast
in Thy love. Through our Lord, &c. Amen.
February 5 th, The Blessed Peter Baptist and his

Companions. Martyrs at Japan.
O God, who hast strengthened the first-fruits of
the faith among the people of Japan by the blood of
Thy blessed martyrs Peter Baptist and his compa
nions ; mercifully grant that, as we are stirred up by
their example to confess Thy name, so we may also
be assisted by their prayers. Through our Lord,
&c. Amen.
February 12th, St. Louisa of Albertona.

O God, who, amongst the excellent gifts with
which Thou didst favour the blessed Louisa, granted
her a great tenderness and a singular compassion for
the poor ; grant us, we beseech Thee, through her
merits, that ardent charity by which to love Thee
above all things. Through Jesus Christ. Amen.
February 13th, The Blessed Angela ofFoligny.

O God, the consolation of our hearts and the light
of the blessed, who didst accord to Thy servant, the
144 PRATERS TO DIFFERENT SAINTS
blessed Angela, the delights of contemplation ; grant

us, by her merits and intercession, to know Thee in
such a way on earth, that we may desire to rejoice
eternally in heaven in the enjoyment of the glory
Thou hast revealed. Through our Lord Jesus Christ.
Amen.
February \§th, St. Conrad of Plaisance. Confessor.

O Lord, who wast appeased by the penitence of
the blessed Conrad Thy confessor, grant that by imi
tating him in the continual mortification of our body
we may obtain the pardon of our sins. Through our
Lord Jesus Christ. Amen.
February 23d, St. Margaret of Cortona.

O God, who didst mercifully bring back Thy ser
vant Margaret from the way of perdition to the path
of salvation ; grant us, by the same mercy, that as
we were once not ashamed to follow the example of
her errors, so we may glory in at once following the
example of her penance. Through our Lord, <fec.
Amen.
March 6th, St. Collette. Virgin.

O God, who hast enriched with many gifts the
blessed Collette Thy spouse ; make us, we beseech
Thee, worthy to be reformed by that spirit of light
which inspired her to restore the first splendour to
the rule of the Seraphic Francis, Thou who livest and
reignest with God the Father in the unity of the
same Spirit. Amen.
OP THE ORDER. 145
May 29iA, The Blessed Humiliana. Widow.

Almighty God, the consolation of our hearts, and
the reward of the blessed, who hast granted to the
blessed Humiliana, filled with Thy love, the delights
of contemplation ; grant us, by her merits and inter
cession, to love Thee always on earth, and to con
template Thee for all eternity in heaven. Through
our Lord Jesus Christ. Amen.
June 23d, The Messed Michelina. Widow.

O God, who didst detach the heart of the blessed
Michelina from earthly affections, and, by a special
mark of Thy mercy, didst fill her with Thy love ;
grant us, by her merits, to subdue our passions and
to walk always in the way of Thy commandments.
Through Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen.
July 8th, St. Elizabeth, Queen of Portugal.

Most merciful God, who, amongst other excellent
gifts, hast ennobled the blessed Queen Elizabeth
with special grace to calm the tempest of war; grant
to our humble petitions, through her intercession,
that, after a peaceful passage through this mortal
life, we may arrive at eternal joys. Through our
Lord, &c. Amen.
o
146 PRAYERS TO DIFFERENT SAINTS
July 17th, The Blessed Nicholas and his Companions,

Martyrs in Gorcum.
O God, who didst reward the glorious combat
for the faith of the blessed Nicholas and his com
panions with the crown of immortality ; grant us by
their merits, that after imitating them on earth in
their combat, we may have part in their triumph in
heaven. Through Jesus Christ, &c.
August 2d, Dedication of the Church of St. Mary of

the Angels, called " The Portiuncula."
O God, who bringest round each year the day on
which this holy temple was dedicated to Thee ; grant
us the grace to be able to assist daily at the sacred
mysteries ; in Thy bounty listen to the prayers of
Thy people, and grant that all those who enter this
holy temple to ask favours of Thee may have the
consolation to obtain them. Through Jesus Christ
our Lord. Amen.
August 12th, St. Clare. Virgin, Foundress of the

Poor Clares.
0 God, who by the admirable virtues of the
blessed virgin Clare hast adorned Thy Church and
given it new children ; favourably grant us, that walk
ing in the footsteps of this holy virgin we may ob
tain eternal joy. Through Jesus Christ our Lord.
Amen.
OF THE OEDEE. 147
August 16th, St. Roch. Confessor of the Third Order.

Grant, Lord, that Thy people be always inflamed
with divine love, and that by the powerful prayers of
St. Roch they may be preserved from all maladies
both of body and soul. Through our Lord Jesus
Christ. Amen.
August 18fA, St. Glare of Monte Falco. Virgin.

O God, who dost establish Thy dwelling in chaste
hearts ; grant that by honouring with a humble
piety the purity of Thy faithful spouse Clare, we may
imitate her in the sanctity of our lives. Through
Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen.
August 25th, St. Louis, King of France.

0 God, who hast translated blessed Louis Thy
confessor from an earthly kingdom to the glory of a
heavenly kingdom ; we beseech Thee, by his merits
and intercession, to make us co-heirs with the King
of kings, Thy Son Jesus Christ. Who with Thee, <fcc.
Amen.
September ith, St. Rose of Viterlo.

O God, who didst vouchsafe to unite blessed
Eose to the company of Thy sacred virgins ; grant,
we beseech Thee, that, by her prayers and merits, we
may be delivered from all guilt, and enjoy the eternal
vision of Thy majesty. Through our Lord, &c.
Amen.
148 PRAYERS TO DIFFERENT SAINTS
September 17th, The Stigmata of our Seraphic Father

St. Francis.
O Lord Jesus Christ, who, while the world was
growing cold, desiring to inflame our hearts with the
fire of Thy love, didst renew the sacred stigmata of
Thy passion in the body of blessed Francis ; merci
fully grant that, by the help of his merits and
prayers, we may bear our cross continually, and
bring forth meet fruits of penance. Who livest, &c.
Amen.
October ith, St. Francis, our Seraphic Father.
0 God, who by the merits of blessed Francis dost

increase Thy Church with a new progeny; grant us by
imitating him to despise earthly things and ever to
rejoice in the participation of heavenly gifts. Through
our Lord Jesus Christ. Amen.
October 20 th, St. Elzear.
O Lord, who didst adorn the blessed Elzear with

many virtues, above all with that of conjugal chastity ;
grant, we beseech Thee, that in honouring his memory
on earth we may one day participate in his happi
ness in heaven. Through Jesus Christ, &c. Amen.
OF THE ORDER. 149
October 27th, St. Ives, Priest in Brittany.

O God, who for the salvation of souls, and the
defence of the poor, didst honour with the sacred
ministry the blessed Ives, Thy illustrious Confessor ;
grant us the grace to imitate him in his ardent
charity, and to be succoured by the prayers he ad
dresses Thee. Through Jesus Christ, &c. Amen.
November 19 th, St. Elizabeth of Hungary.

Enlighten, O God of compassion, the hearts of
Thy faithful, and through the glorious prayers of
blessed Elizabeth, make us to despise the good things
of this world, and ever to delight in the consolations
of heaven. Through our Lord Jesus Christ. Amen.
November 26th, St. Delphine. Virgin.

O Lord, who hast honoured the blessed Delphine,
Thy spouse, with many virtues, but, above all, with
that of conjugal chastity ; grant us, we beseech Thee,
that in celebrating her memory on earth we may
one day take part in her happiness in heaven.
Through Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen.
November 30<A, Commemoration of all the Saints of

the Three Orders.
O God, who didst grant to St. Ives, St. Louis,
St. Elzear, St. Koch, St. Elizabeth, and to many
150 PRAYERS TO DIFFERENT SAINTS.
other Saints, the grace to practise severe penitence

during their mortal lives, after the example of St.
Francis, and with him to come to eternal glory ;
grant that we, who are Thy servants, may follow
with the same ardour the example of these great
Saints, and deserve to participate one day in their
happiness. Through Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen.
It is a common practice, and most touching de

votion, in all parts where the Franciscan Orders are
known, to recite five Paters, five Aves, and five Glo
rias, with the arms extended in the form of the
Cross ; and we cannot too strongly urge this devo
tion upon the members of the Third Order, more
particularly as there are great indulgences attached
to it. It is usual to add a Pater, Ave, and Gloria,
for the Holv Father.
THE END.
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THIRD ORDER OF ST. FRANCIS.

* Sianosti ®ominc strnum tuum

Cfjidt dtete rf §t ftmas,

<S,vM nlsa % ©ritr uf fMita

In compiling this Manual, the several different conti

THREE ORDERS OF ST. FRANCIS,

PERSONS ILLUSTRIOUS IN MIRACLES AND SANCTITY OF

30 *B. Raymond Lulli, Martyr, 3d Order. 29 March 1315,

THIRD ORDER OF ST. FRANCIS,

The Third Order of St. Francis, called also the Order

the tepidity and vice into which it had fallen. This

the whole of Christendom, sheltering under its genial

whilst in our own country there are many who,

other's approbation, unless there be sufficient reason,

ordinary simplicity of dress, under which they must

particularly before receiving the general absolution,

to the kingdom of God. The Holy Ghost distributes

give in the words of St. Francis himself : " Finding

no less than five popes : these are Gregory IX. ;

and middle classes, who, though less distinguished

INDULGENCES AND OTHER FAVOURS

THE THIRD ORDER.

The Brothers and the Sisters of the Third Order

Besides these favours, the Sovereign Pontiffs have

gain the same indulgence by reciting a psalm or a

his first Mass, and also to all Tertians who assist at

ffialtn&ar of other penarp BnUulgmtfs.

* This indulgence is not perpetual, but it is renewed for a

* According to the decisions and decrees of the Sacred Con

Besides the indulgences given above, Tertians can

The Ember-days, an indulgence of ten years, and

Dec. 1519, Dudum per nos; Innocent XL, 13th

palace ; the arch upon which Pilate showed our

Besides these holy places, to which plenary indul

OTHER PARTIAL INDULGENCES.

An indulgence of 560 days for assisting at the

Tertian accompanies the Blessed Sacrament to the

Purgatory. Paul V., Gregory XV., 10th Nov. 1622,

REMARKS ON THE INDULGENCES.

1. To gain a plenary indulgence, three conditions

3. Those who are accustomed to confess weekly

BULL OF BENEDICT XIII.

THE THIRD ORDER.

BENEDICT, SERVANT OF THE SERVANTS OF GOD.

The natural interest the Apostolic See takes in such

abnegation in its members, we, wishing to provide,

their own roofs, and even in the matrimonial state,

mencing with Exponi nobis, given at Rome 14th of

consequently enjoy no more of the graces and privi

to innovate, change, increase, or diminish, and to

a Third Order is already established ; and more par

1696 ; Exponi nobis, given 3d Dec. 1697 ; and Ex

date may be, so that they may be defined as at pre

points ; and all other general or special decrees, even

GRANT OF PIUS IX.

THE TEKTIANS IN ENGLAND.

Bmo. Padre,—M. Talbot, Cameriere Segreto della

difficulty in performing one of the works enjoined

ftule of tije Eijirli ©rter of St. jfrancte,

BULL OF POPE NICHOLAS IV.

Nicholas, Bishop, servant of the servants of the