RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The result of the comparative study on the effect of organic and

conventional farming system on the growth and yield performance of

bitter gourd.

Average height of plants at 15 days old. As shown in table 1 and

figure 11, average height of plants were measured by using tape measure

from the base to the tip of the bitter gourd at 15 days after transplanting.

The average plant height in Treatment I (organic farming) was 99.80 cm,

Treatment II (conventional farming) was 112.27 cm. The height of the

experimental bitter gourd plants were homogenous. But it shows that

bitter gourd plants in Treatment II were taller in Treatment I as presented

in Table I. statistical analysis showed that there was no significant

difference between the mean of the organic farming and conventional

farming system groups at average height of plants in centimeter at 0.05

and 0.01 level of significance since the computed t-value of 1.18 was less

than the critical values of 2.05 and 2.76, respectively.

Average height of plants at 1 month old. As shown in figure 12,

average height of bitter gourd plants which was the height at 30 days

after transplanting was taken by the following the same method used in

measuring the average height of plant. It showed that there was no

significant difference between the mean of the organic farming and

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Figure 11. The height of bitter gourd plants at 15 days old

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Figure 12. The height of bitter gourd plants at 30 days old

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conventional farming system groups of average height of plants in

centimeter at 0.05 and 0.01 level of significance since the computed t-

value of 0.58 was less than the critical values of 2.05 and 2.76,

respectively.

Average height of plants at 2 months old. As shown in figure 13,

average height of bitter gourd plants at 60 days after transplanting

applied with organic fertilizer and conventional fertilizer taken by

following the same method used in measuring the average plant height.

Treatment I was 592.00 cm, Treatment II was 592.73 cm. Statistical

analysis showed that there was no significant difference between the

mean of the organic farming and conventional farming system groups at

average height of plants in centimeter at 0.05 and 0.01 level of

significance since the computed t-value of 0.062 was less than the critical

values of 2.05 and 2.76, respectively. It is because the effect of organic

farming were release gradually while conventional farming had rapid

effect on the height of bitter gourd plants.

Average yield at first priming. As shown in figure 14, shown the

average yield of the representative plants. This data represents the

average yield at first priming. The fruit yield were weighed using weighing

scale. Treatment II had an average weight 147.33 g and Treatment I was

116 g respectively. The objective of weighing the weight of the fruit was to

find out which of the different variables would gave better yield of bitter

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Figure 13. The height of bitter gourd plants at 60 days old

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Figure 14. Fruit yield

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gourd plants. Statistical analysis showed that there was no significant

difference between the mean of the organic farming and conventional

farming system groups at 0.05 and 0.01 level of significance since the

computed t-value of 0.790 was less than the critical values of 2.05 and

2.76 respectively.

Average yield at second priming. The average yield of bitter gourd

plants at second priming were weighed by using weighing scale.

Numerically, the average yield in Treatment I (organic Farming) was

232.67 g respectively, Treatment II (conventional farming) was 275.33 g.

Statistical analysis showed that there was no significant difference

between the mean of the organic farming and conventional farming

system groups of average yield at 0.05 and 0.01 level of significance since

the computed t-value of 0.783 was less than the critical values of 2.05

and 2.76, respectively.

Average yield at third priming. The average yield of bitter gourd

plants at third priming applied with organic and conventional farming

system was taken by following the same method used in weighing the

fruits. Treatment I was 190.00 g, Treatment II was 205.67 g, respectively.

Statistical analysis showed that there was no significant difference

between the mean of the organic farming and conventional farming

system groups of average yield at 0.05 and 0.01 level of significance since

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the computed t-value of 0.450 was than the critical values of 2.05 and

2.76, respectively.

Average yield at fourth priming. The average yield of bitter gourd

plants at fourth priming. Numerically, the average fruit yield was heaver

in Treatment II with 298.00 g respectively, the lesser weight was on

Treatment I with 271.33 g. When the data were subjected to statistical

computation, it showed that there was no significant difference between

the mean of the organic farming and conventional farming groups system

of average yield at 0.05 and 0.01 level of significance since the computed

t-value of 1.212 was less than the critical values of 2.05 and 2.76,

respectively.

Average yield at fifth priming. The average yield of bitter gourd

plants at fifth priming. Plants in Treatment II obtained figuratively the

heavier fruits with 321.67 g while in bitter gourd yield in Treatment I

obtained the lesser weight of 315.33 g. Based on statistical computation,

it showed that there was no significant difference between the mean of

the organic farming and conventional farming system groups of average

yield at 0.05 and 0.01 level of significance since the computed t-value of

0.383 was less than the critical values of 2.05 and 2.76, respectively.

Average yield at sixth priming. The average yield of bitter gourd

plants at sixth priming applied with organic fertilizer and conventional

fertilizer was taken by following the same method used in weighing the

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fruits. Treatment I was 239.33 g respectively, Treatment II was 268.33 g.

Statistical analysis showed that there was no significant difference

between the mean of the organic farming and conventional farming

system groups of average yield at 0.05 and 0.01 level of significance since

the computed t-value of 1.286 was less than the critical values of 2.05

and 2.76, respectively.

Average yield at seventh priming. The average yield of bitter gourd

plants at seventh priming. Numerically, the average fruit yield was

heavier in Treatment I with 196.67 g respectively, the lesser weight was

on Treatment II with 186.00 g. When the data were subjected to statistical

computation, it showed that there was no significant difference between

the mean of the organic farming and conventional farming system groups

of average yield at 0.05 and 0.01 level of significance since the computed

t-value of 0.907 was less than the critical values of 2.05 and 2.76,

respectively.

Average yield at eight priming. The average yield of bitter gourd

plants at eight priming applied with organic fertilizer and conventional

fertilizer farming was taken by following the same method used in

weighing the fruits. Treatment I was 198.33 g respectively, Treatment II

was 191.67 g. Statistical analysis, it showed that there was no significant

difference between the mean of the organic farming and conventional

farming system groups of average yield at eighth priming at 0.05 and 0.01

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level of significance since the computed t-value of 0.400 was less than the

critical values of 2.05 and 2.76, respectively.

Average yield at ninth priming. The average yield of bitter gourd

plants at ninth priming. Numerically, the average fruit yield was heavier

in Treatment I with 173.33 g respectively, the lesser weight was on

Treatment II with 161.33 g. When the data were subjected to statistical

computation, it showed that there was no significant difference between

the mean of the organic farming and conventional farming system groups

of average yield at 0.05 and 0.01 level of significance since the computed

t-value of 0.67 was less than the critical values of 2.05 and 2.76,

respectively.

Total yield of representative plants. As shown in table 2, the total

yield of representative plants of bitter gourd at first to ninth priming

Treatment I was 3221.67 kilograms and Treatment II was 3425.56

kilogram, respectively. When the data were subjected to statistical

computation, it showed that there was no significant difference between

the mean of the organic farming and conventional farming system groups

of total yield of representative plants at 0.05 and 0.01 level of significance

since the computed t-value of 0.475 was less than the critical values of

2.12 and 2.92, respectively.

Samawat et al (pp. 37) stated that the vegetables are highly

responsive to organic services of nutrient and profitable to farmers.

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Vermicompost application of 15 kilograms per square meters gave the

highest yield in tomato crop the application of vermicompost has positive

effect on the performance and due to a higher number of branches and

fruit, significant increased the growth and yield of tomato vermicompost

there was significant increase in plant height the root and shoot biomass

in tomato crop.

Pascual et al. (2012) stated that the successive cropping of the

pechay grown in pots with vermicast and ordinary garden soil as medium

in different combination to increase the growth and development of

pechay gave higher income likewise, for pechay (Brassica pekinensis L.)

commercial production, the use of commercial compost fertilizer with

effective microorganism for higher growth and yield.

Actual itemized expenses. The itemized expenses per Treatment

was shown in Table 3. This involved all the materials and labor cost of

production each differed in expenditure due to the cost of vermicast,

inorganic fertilizer, pesticide, insecticide and cost of seeds used.

Fruit yield per cost and return analysis. As shown in table 4, the

actual profit of raising bitter gourd gross income was obtained by

multiplying the fruit yield of the bitter gourd per Treatments to the

present market price Php 80.00. The value of bitter gourd fruit per

Treatment in the table 4. Hence Treatment I obtained a gross income of

Php 2320.00, Treatment II was 2466.40. The net income was obtained by
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subtracting the expenses per Treatment to get the profit of Treatment I –

Php 2163.75, Treatment II – Php 2135.57. To obtain the return on

investment, the net income was divided by the expenses for each

Treatment and the result as reflected in Table IV shows that plants in

Treatment I got the highest return on investment of 1384.80%

Cost and return analysis. The Return on Investment (ROI) was

obtained by dividing the net profit by the total expenses and was

multiplied by 100 after the sales of the product.

The return on investment computed using the formula:

Net Income
ROI= X 100
Expenses

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Table 2. Total yield of representative plants in gram.

Harvest Treatment I Treatment II

Organic Conventional
Farming Farming
1 1,740 2,210
2 3,490 4,130
3 2,850 3.085
4 4,070 4,470
5 4,730 4,825
6 3,590 4,025
7 2,950 2,790
8 2,975 2,875
9 2,600 2,420
Total 28,995 30,830S
Average 3,221.67 3,425.56

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Table 3. Actual itemized expenses

Expenses Treatment I Treatment II

Organic Conventional
Farming Farming
Land preparation Php 20.83 Php 20.83
Vermicast Php 104.16
Complete fertelizer Php 65.00
Urea Php 56.25
Murate of potash Php 32.50
Siga 300 Php 75.00
Lannate Php 50.00
Bitter gourd seeds Php 31.35 Php 31.25
Total expenses Php 156.25 Php 330.83
Sub total Php 487.08

Table 4. Fruit yield per cost and return analysis

Items Treatment I Treatment II

Fruit yield 29.00 kg 30.83 kg

Gross income Php 2320.00 Php 2466.40

Total Expenses Php 156.25 Php 330.83

Net Profit Php 2163.75 Php 2135.57

ROI (%) 1384.80% 645.52%

Ranking 1 2

Note: Based on the price of Php 80.00 per kilogram

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