Solids

Chapter 9
Mechanical Properties of Solids
Solutions
SECTION - A
Objective Type Questions (One option is correct)
1. Select the correct alternative(s)
(1) Elastic forces are not always conservative
(2) Elastic forces are always conservative
(3) Elastic forces are conservative only when Hooke’s law is obeyed
(4) Elastic forces are not conservative

Sol. Answer (1)
2. A massless uniform rod is subjected to force F at its free end as shown in figure. The ratio of tensile stress
at plane P1 to stress at P2 is
P1
60°
P2
F
(1) 1 : 2 (2) 2 :1 (3) 1 : 4 (4) 3 : 2
Sol. Answer (3)
F
At P2 , stress = S 2 
A
F cos 60 F
At P1 , stress = S1  =
A 4A
cos 60
S1 1
 S  4
2
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Solutions of Assignment (Set-2) Mechanical Properties of Solids 145
3. A wire 2 m in length suspended vertically stretches by 10 mm when mass of 10 kg is attached to the lower
end. The elastic potential energy gain by the wire is (take g = 10 m/s2)
(1) 0.5 J (2) 5 J (3) 50 J (4) 500 J
Sol. Answer (1)
4. A wire of length L and cross-sectional area A is made of material of Young’s modulus Y. The work done in
stretching the wire by an amount x is
YAx 2 YAx 2 2YAx 2 4YAx 2

(1) (2) (3) (4)
L 2L L L
Sol. Answer (2)
5. What is the percentage increase in length of a wire of diameter 2.5 mm, stretched by a force of 100 kg wt?
Young’s modulus of elasticity of wire = 12.5 × 1011 dyne/cm2
(1) 0.16% (2) 0.32% (3) 0.08% (4) 0.12%
Sol. Answer (1)
Here, 2r = 2.5 mm or r = 0.125 cm
F = 100 × 1000 × 980 dyne
F l
As, Y 
A  l
l F

l AY
l F
 Percentage increase in length   100   100
l AY
6. Two exactly similar wires of steel and copper are stretched by equal forces. If the total elongation
is 2 cm, then how much is the elongation in steel and copper wire respectively? Given, Ysteel = 20 × 1011 dyne/
cm2, Ycopper = 12 × 1011 dyne/cm2.
(1) 1.25 cm; 0.75 cm (2) 0.75 cm; 1.25 cm
(3) 1.15 cm; 0.85 cm (4) 0.85 cm; 1.15 cm
Sol. Answer (2)
F l Fl
Ys  YCu 
A  l s ; A  lCu
YS l
  Cu
YCu lS
5
 lCu  l S …(i)
3
According to the question,
 ls +  lCu = 2 cm …(ii)
From equation (i) & (ii), we get
 lS = 0.75 cm,  lCu = 1.25 cm
146 Mechanical Properties of Solids Solutions of Assignment (Set-2)
7. A steel rod has a radius 10 mm and a length of 1.0 m. A force stretches it along its length and produces a
strain of 0.32%. Young’s modulus of the steel is 2.0 × 1011 Nm–2. What is the magnitude of the force stretching
the rod?
(1) 100.5 kN (2) 201 kN (3) 78 kN (4) 150 kN
Sol. Answer (2)
Given, r = 10 mm = 10 × 10–3 m
0.32
l = 1.0 m; Strain 
100
Y = 2.0 × 1011 N/m2; F = ?
l
 F  Y  r 2 
l
F = 201 kN
8. Two wires of equal length and cross-sectional area are suspended as shown in figure. Their Young’s modulli
are Y1 = 2 × 1011 Pa and Y2 = 0.90 × 1011 Pa respectively. What will be the equivalent Young’s modulus of
combination?
l,A l,A
Y1 Y2
(1) 2.90 × 1011 Pa (2) 1.45 × 1011 Pa (3) 1.34 × 1011 Pa (4) 4.25 × 1011 Pa
Sol. Answer (2)
l,A l,A
= l, 2A,Y
Y1 Y2
Y  2 A Y1A Y2 A
 
l l l
Y1  Y2
Y   1.45  1011 Pa
2
9. The load versus elongation graph for four wires of the same material is shown in figure. The thinnest wire is
represented by line
Load
D C
B
A
O
Elongation
(1) OC (2) OD (3) OA (4) OB

Sol. Answer (3)
For a thinnest wire, the elongation in wire will be maximum for a given load, which is so corresponding to
line OA.
10. A uniform cylindrical rod of length L, cross-sectional area A and Young’s modulus Y is acted upon by the forces
as shown in figure. The elongation of the rod is
L/3
3F F 2F
2FL 3FL 3FL 8FL

(1) (2) (3) (4)
5AY 8AY 5AY 3AY
Sol. Answer (4)
The free body diagram of two parts are shown in figure
2L/3 2F L/3
3F 3F 2F
Total elongation is
⎛ 2L ⎞ ⎛ L⎞
3F ⎜ ⎟ 2F ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 3⎠ ⎝ 3⎠
l  l1  l 2  
AY AY
8FL
I = 3 AY
11. One end of a wire of length L and weight w is attached rigidly to a point in roof and a weight w1 is suspended
3L
from its lower end. If A is the area of cross-section of the wire then the stress in the wire at a height
4
from its lower end is
w 3w
w1 w1  w1  w1  w 2
(1) (2) 4 (3) 4 (4)
A A A A
Sol. Answer (3)
3L
Tension in the wire at length from lower end is
4
3 3w
T = suspended load + × weight of wire = w1 
4 4
3w
w1 
 Stress  4
A
12. In the given figure, if the dimensions of the two wires are same but materials are different, then Young’s modulus
is
A
Load
Extension
(1) More for A than B (2) More for B than A (3) Equal for A and B (4) None of these
Sol. Answer (1)
Slope of graph  Young’s modulus (Y)
13. Two wires A and B of same material have radii in the ratio 2 : 1 and lengths in the ratio 4 : 1. The ratio of
the normal forces required to produce the same change in the lengths of these two wires is
(1) 1 : 1 (2) 2 : 1 (3) 1 : 2 (4) 1 : 4

Sol. Answer (1)
F1 A1  l 2
 1
F2 A2  l1
 F1 : F2 = 1 : 1
14. The stress versus strain graph for wires of two materials A and B are as shown in the figure. If YA and YB
are the Young’s moduli of the materials, then
y
A
Stress
60° 30°
x
Strain
(1) YB = 2YA (2) YA = 3YB (3) YB = 3YA (4) YA = YB

Sol. Answer (2)
Slope  Young’s modulus
15. The following four wires are made of same material. Which of these will have the largest extension when the
same tension is applied?
(1) Length 50 cm, diameter 0.5 mm (2) Length 100 cm, diameter 1 mm
(3) Length 200 cm, diameter 2 mm (4) Length 300 cm, diameter 3 mm
Sol. Answer (1)
Fl
Y 
A l
Fl
 l 
AY
Force is same, Y is same.
l
l 
A
1
2 1 2 3
l1  , l2  , l3  and l4 
3 2
     
2 3 2 2
⎛ 0.5  10 ⎞  0.5  10 3  1  10  1.5  10 3
⎜ ⎟⎠
⎝ 2
2 1 1 1
l1  , l2  , l3  , l4 
 
3 2
 3 2
  
3 2
 
2
So  0.5  10  0.5  10 2 0.5  10 3 0.5  10 3
So l1 will be largest.
16. As shown in figure, by combining together copper and steel wires of same length and same diameter, a force
F is applied at one of their end. The combined length is increased by 2 cm. The wires will have
F
Fe Cu
(1) Same stress and same strain (2) Different stress and different strain
(3) Different stress and same strain (4) Same stress and different strain
Sol. Answer (4)
F
Fe Cu
Force on each cross section is same and since cross sectional area is same so stress will be same.
and Y is different for Fe and Cu.
Stress
So, Y 
Strain
Stress
⇒ Strain =
Y
Clearly strain will be different.
17. A rod of length L kept on a smooth horizontal surface is pulled along its length by a force F. The area of cross-
section is A and Young’s modulus is Y. The extension in the rod is
FL 2FL FL
(1) (2) (3) (4) Zero
AY AY 2 AY
Sol. Answer (3)
F
a
m
m F
T (x)  (L  x ) 
L m
F F (L  x )
Stress = 
A LA
Strees F {L  x }
Strain = 
Y YAL
F
dL F {L  x } x
 dx
dx YAL
L
F F L2 FL
∫ dL 
YAL ∫
(L  x )dx ⇒ L 
0

YAL 2

2YA
18. When a load W is hung from a wire, it extends by l. The heat produced in the process is
1 W  l
(1) W × l (2) W  l (3) (4) Zero
2 4
Sol. Answer (2)
1 1 W l 1
Strain stored in the wire = stress  strain  volume =    A  l = W l
2 2 A l 2
Work done by gravity = W  l
1 1
Heat produced = W .l  W l = .W .l
2 2
19. The figure shows a horizontal block that is suspended by two wires A and B which are identical except their
original length. Which wire was originally shorter?
A B
Uniform block
(1) A (2) B
(3) Both had equal length (4) Any one of them could be shorter
Sol. Answer (2)
Since TB > TA
 LB > LA  (LB )i  (LA )i
20. A force of one newton doubles the length of a cord having cross-sectional area 1 mm2. The Young’s modulus
of the material of the cord is
(1) 1 Nm–2 (2) 5 × 105 Nm–2 (3) 106 Nm–2 (4) 2 × 106 Nm–2
Sol. Answer (3)
F .L 1N
Y   6 2  106 Nm 2
A.L 10 m
21. Two blocks of masses 1 kg and 2 kg are suspended with the help of two wires having same area of cross
section. If the ratio of Young's moduli i.e., Y1 : Y2 = 1 : 2, then the ratio of extensions produced in wires is
Y1 2 m
1 kg
Y2 1 m
2 kg
(1) 2 : 1 (2) 4 : 1 (3) 6 : 1 (4) 8 : 1
Sol. Answer (3)
Fl Fl
l  ⇒ l 
AY Y
l 1 Fl Y
  1 1 . 2  3.2.2  6
l 2 F2 l 2 Y1 2 1 1 1
22. An iron wire of negligible mass, length L and cross-section area A has one end fixed. A ball of mass m is
attached to the other end of wire. The wire and ball are rotating with an angular velocity  in a horizontal plane.
If L is extension produced in wire, then the Young's modulus of wire is
mL2  m2L2 m2L mL

(1) (2) (3) (4)
A L A L A L A L
Sol. Answer (2)

Internal force in the wire due to strain is providing the necessary centripetal force
YAL
 F  m2L
L
m2L2
 Y
AL
23. A body of mass M is attached to lower end of a metal wire whose upper end is fixed. The elongation is l.
The ratio of loss of gravitational potential energy to the energy stored in the wire is
1 4
(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) (4)
2 3
Sol. Answer (2)
24. A heavy rope is suspended from the ceiling of a room. If  is the density of the rope, L be its original length
and Y be its Young’s modulus, then increase L in the length of the rope due to its own weight is
gL2 2gL2 gL2 gL

(1) L  (2) L  (3) L  (4) L 
Y Y 2Y Y
Sol. Answer (3)
25. If s is stress and Y is Young’s modulus of material, the energy stored per unit volume is
2Y s s2
(1) (2) (3) 2s2Y (4)
s 2Y 2Y
Sol. Answer (4)
26. A rigid rod of mass m and lengths l, is being rotated in horizontal plane about a vertical axis, passing through
one end A. If TA, TB and TC are the tensions in rod at point A, mid point B and point C of rod respectively,
then
B C
A
3 TA
(1) TC = 0 (2) TB = TA (3) TB = (4) TA = m2l
4 2
Sol. Answer (2)
m 2  2 m2 l 3m 2 l
T(x) = l  x 2  , TA = , TB =
2l 2 8
27. The stress-strain graphs for materials A and B are shown in the figure. Choose the correct alternative
Stress
Stress
B
A
Strain Strain
(1) Material A is stronger than material B
(2) Material B is stronger than material A
(3) The Young’s modulus of A is greater than or equal to that of B
(4) The Young’s modulus of B is greater than that of A
Sol. Answer (2)
28. A steel wire of diameter 2 mm has a breaking strength of 4 × 105 N. What is the breaking force of similar
steel wire of diameter 1.5 mm?
(1) 2.3 × 105 N (2) 2.6 × 105 N (3) 3 × 105 N (4) 1.5 × 105 N
Sol. Answer (1)
Breaking strength, F = breaking stress × area of cross-section
S  D2
=
4
or F  D2
2
F2 ⎛ D2 ⎞
 
F1 ⎜⎝ D1 ⎟⎠
29. What is the greatest length of copper wire that can hang without breaking?
Breaking stress = 7.2 × 107 N/m2. Density of copper = 7.2 g/cc, g = 10 m/s2
(1) 100 m (2) 1000 m (3) 150 m (4) 1500 m
Sol. Answer (2)
S = 7.2 × 107 N/m2
 = 7.2 × 103 kg/m3
Breaking stress
Weight of wire
S
Area of cross-section of wire
Al g
S
A
S
 l
g
30. Which of the following is the graph showing stress-strain variation for elastomers?
Stress
Stress
Stress
Stress
(1) (2) (3) (4)
Strain Strain Strain Strain

Sol. Answer (3)
31. A spherical ball contracts in volume by 0.01% when subjected to a normal uniform pressure of 100 atm. The
Bulk modulus of its material is
(1) 1.01 × 1011 Nm–2 (2) 1.01 × 1012 Nm–2 (3) 1.01 × 1010 Nm–2 (4) 1.0 × 1013 Nm–2
Sol. Answer (1)
32. Select the incorrect option

(1) The Young's modulus and modulus of rigidity exist only for solids
(2) The value of modulus of elasticity is independent of the magnitude of stress and strain
(3) The value of modulus of elasticity depends only on the nature of material of the body
(4) Only gases cannot exhibit a shearing stress
Sol. Answer (4)
Both gases and liquids (collectively called fluids) cannot exhibit shearing stress.
33. A horizontal rod is supported at both ends and loaded at the middle. If L and Y are length and Young’s modulus
respectively, then depression at the middle is directly proportional to
1
(1) L (2) L2 (3) Y (4)
Y
Sol. Answer (1)
34. A student performs an experiment to determine the Young’s modulus of a wire, exactly 2 m long, by Searle’s
method. In a particular reading, the student measures the extension in the length of the wire to be 0.8 mm
with an uncertainty of ± 0.05 mm at a load of exactly 1.0 kg. The student also measures the diameter of the
wire to be 0.4 mm with an uncertainty of ± 0.01 mm. Take g = 9.8 m/s2 (exact). The Young’s modulus
obtained from the reading is [IIT-JEE 2007]
(1) (2.0 ± 0.3) × 1011 N/m2 (2) (2.0 ± 0.2) × 1011 N/m2
(3) (2.0 ± 0.1) × 1011 N/m2 (4) (2.0 ± 0.05) × 1011 N/m2
Sol. Answer (2)
Y ⎛ 2D  ⎞ D .01  0.05

⎜  ⎟ ∵  ; 
Y ⎝ D  ⎠ D 0.4  0.8
Y ⎛ 1 5⎞
 ⎜2  ⎟
2  1011 ⎝ 40 80 ⎠
Y = 0.225 × 1011
(2.0 ± 0.2) ×1011 N/m2
35. One end of a horizontal thick copper wire of length 2L and radius 2R is welded to an end of another horizontal
thin copper wire of length L and radius R. When the arrangement is stretched by applying forces at two ends,
the ratio of the elongation in the thin wire to that in the thick wire is [JEE(Advanced)-2013]
(1) 0.25 (2) 0.50 (3) 2.00 (4) 4.00
Sol. Answer (3)
Force will be same.
FL
Now, 
AY
1 L (2R )2
 2 2
2 R 2L
SECTION - B
Objective Type Questions (More than one options are correct)
1. A uniform rod of length 2L, area of cross-section A and Young’s modulus Y is lying at rest under the action
of three forces as shown.
L L
F F 2F
A B C
Select the correct alternatives.
2F
(1) The stress at any cross-section is
A
F
(2) The stress at any cross-section in section AB is
A
3FL
(3) The total extension is
AY
6FL
(4) The total extension is
AY
Sol. Answer (2, 3)
F
Stress in rod AB =
A F 2F F 2F
A B C
F L  F2 L2 2F  L  F  L 3FL
L  1 1  
YA YA YA
2. If a wire is stretched to triple its length, then

(1) Stress is double of Young's modulus
(2) Strain is unity
(3) Young's modulus is equal to the half of the elastic energy per unit volume
(4) Its radius is halved
Sol. Answer (1, 3)
l 2l
 strain = 2
l l
 stress = Y × strain = 2Y
1
and elastic potential energy = × stress × strain = 2Y
2
r can be calculated only if Poisson’s ratio is known.
3. In plotting stress versus strain curves for two materials P and Q,a student by mistake puts strain on the y-
axis and stress on the x-axis as shown in the figure. Then the correct statement(s) is (are)
[JEE(Advanced)-2015]
Strain
P
Q
Stress
(1) P has more tensile strength than Q (2) P is more ductile than Q
(3) P is more brittle than Q (4) The Young's modulus of P is more than that of Q
Sol. Answer (1, 2)
Stress
Q P
Strain
(A) Also, P breaks at a greater stress.
(B) P is more ductile
SECTION - C
Linked Comprehension Type Questions
Comprehension
An iron rod B of length 1 m and mass 1 kg is suspended with help of two wires as shown in figure. The area of
cross-section of iron wire is 0.3 cm2 and of copper wire is 0.6 cm2.
Iron wire Cooper wire

1m 1m
2 kg
1. At what distance from iron wire a weight can be hung to produce equal stress in wires?
(1) 0.82 m (2) 0.38 m (3) 0.67 m (4) 0.47 m
Sol. Answer (3)
Fe Cu
T2 = T T1 = 2T
mR = 1 kg
x
2 kg
T1 T
 2 ⇒ T1  2T2 …(i)
0 .6 0 .3
For rotational equilibrium about centre of mass of rod,
T2 × x = T1 (1 – x) …(ii)
From (i) and (ii),
x = 0.67 m
2. In the above question, if Yiron : Ycu = 2 : 1, then the ratio of extension produced in copper wire to iron wire is
(1) 1 : 1 (2) 2 : 1 (3) 1 : 2 (4) 1 : 4
Sol. Answer (2)
Yiron l l 2
 Cu ⇒ Cu 
YCu l iron l iron 1
3. The ratio of elastic energy per unit volume stored in iron wire to copper wire when Yiron : Ycu = 2 : 1
(1) 1 : 1 (2) 2 : 1 (3) 1 : 2 (4) 1 : 4
Sol. Answer (3)
1
Energy density = × stress × strain
2
E iron 1
 
E Cu 2
SECTION - D
Assertion-Reason Type Questions
1. STATEMENT-1 : When a rod lying freely is heated, no thermal stress is developed in it.
and
STATEMENT-2 : On heating, the length of the rod increases.
Sol. Answer (2)
A rod lying freely will attain its natural length on heating
 No thermal stress will be developed
Statement-1 is correct, Statement-2 is also correct, as rod expands on heating.
2. STATEMENT-1 : The value of modulus of elasticity depends on the magnitude of the stress and strain.
and
STATEMENT-2 : A given material have different moduli of elasticity depending on the type of stress applied.
Sol. Answer (4)
Stress
Modulus of elasticity =
Strain
is property of a material but, depending on nature of deforming force (longitudinal, shear or volumetric) three
different moduli are defined. So statement-2 is correct.
SECTION - E
Matrix-Match Type Questions
1. Three wires of lengths L1, L2, L3 and Youngs moduli Y1, Y2 and Y3 respectively are pulled by a force F as
shown in fig. The extensions produced in wires are L1, L2, L3
Fixed
3m 2m 1m F
L1 L2 L3
Match the Column-I with Column-II
Column-I Column-II
(A) If 9L2 = 4L1 and L1 = L2, then (p) Y2 = Y1
(B) If L2 < 4L3 and L2 = L3, then (q) Y2 > Y1
(C) If L1 = L2 and L1 = L2, then (r) Y2 < Y3
(D) If L2 = L3 and L2 = L3, then (s) 4Y2 = Y3
Sol. Answer A(p), B(r), C(q), D(r, s)
F .l F  L1 4FL1
Y1   
A.l 9 9L1
 .L1
4
F .L2 F .L2
Y2  
2
 (1) .L2  .L2
L1
L2 L3
F .L3 4.F .L3
Y3  
⎛ 1⎞ L3 3m 2m 1m
 ⎜ ⎟.L3 F
4
⎝ ⎠ F F
F F F
If 9L2 = 4L1 and L1 = L2  Y1 = Y2
If L2 < 4L3 and L2 = L3  Y3 > Y2
If L1 = L2 and L1 = L2  Y2 > Y1
If L2 = L3 and L2 = L3  Y3 = 4Y2  Y3 > Y2
2. In the arrangement shown, the breaking stress of wires A and B is 109 N/m2. The Young's modulus are 1 ×
1014N/m2 and 2 × 1014 N/m2 and area of cross-section of the wires are 0.002 mm2 and 0.004 mm2 either of A
or B. Match the columns.
A
10 kg
B
Column-I Column-II
(A) The possible values of m at which wire A breaks. (p) 350  10 J/m3
(B) The possible values of m at which wire B breaks. (q) 30 kg
(C) Possible values of elastic potential energy density (r) 20 kg
of A if m = 5 kg.
(D) Possible values of elastic potential energy density (s) 15 kg
of B if m = 7 kg.
(t) 700 ± 100 J/m3
Sol. Answer A(q, r, s), B(q, r), C(p, t), D(p)
10  m  g
For A, breaking stress =
A
10  m   10
If A  2  10 7 m2 then 109   m  10kg
2  10 7
If A  4  107 m2 then m  30 kg
1  stress 150 2
2
If m = 5 kg then u A    uA 
2 y 2y A2
150  150
If y  1014 N/m2 and A  2  10 7 m2 uA   2812 J/m3
2  1014  4  10 14
And A  4  107 m2 , u A  703 J/m2
If y  2  1014 , A  2  107 m2 , uA  1406 J/m3
And A  4  107 m2 , uA  352J/m3
mg
For B, breaking stress =
A
m  10
If A  2  10 7 m2 then 109   m  20kg
2  10 7
If A  4  10 7 m2 then m = 40 kg
 7g  2
If m = 7 kg then uB 
2 y A2
70  70 J
14 2
If y  10 N/m , A  2  10 7 m2 , uB  14 14
 612.5 3
2  10  4  10 m
A  4  107 m2 , uB  153 J/m3
If y  2  1014 N/m2 , A  2  107 m2 , uB  306 J/m3
A  4  107 m2 , uB  76.5 J/m3
SECTION - F
Integer Answer Type Questions
1. Two identical rods are pulled as shown in figure (1) and (2). The surfaces are smooth. If l1 and l2 are the
l 2
elongations in two cases respectively, then find l .
1
Fig (1)
F F
Fig (2)
Sol. Answer (2)
m F F
In 1st case, T(x) = ·x   x
l m l
T 2 · dx Fl
e1  ∫ de  ∫ 
AY 2 AY
Fl
In 2nd case, e2 =
AY
e2
2
e1
2. A rod of area of cross section A is being acted upon by two forces F – F as shown in figure. Consider a
section ab of rod whose normal makes angle  with horizontal. The shear stress upon this section is
180
maximum when  = . Find n.
n
n̂
a

F F
b
Sol. Answer (4)

Shear force = F sin
Shear Force F sin  F

Shear stress =   sin2
Surface Area A / cos  2
Shear stress will be max for  = 45°
3. During Searle's experiment, zero of the Vernier scale lies between 3.20 × 10–2 m and 3.25 × 10–2 m of the
main scale. The 20th division of the Vernier scale exactly coincides with one of the main scale divisions. When
an additional load of 2 kg is applied to the wire, the zero of the Vernier scale still lies between 3.20 × 10–2
m and 3.25 × 10–2 m of the main scale but now the 45th division of Vernier scale coincides with one of the
main scale divisions. The length of the thin metallic wire is 2 m and its cross-sectional area is 8 × 10–7 m2.
The least count of the Vernier scale is 1.0 × 10–5 m. The maximum percentage error in the Young's modulus
of the wire is [JEE(Advanced)-2014]
Sol. Answer (4)
F
Y  A   25  1050 m


F
Y  ·
A 
Y 105
 100   100  4%
Y 25  10 5
4. A steel wire of diameter 0.5 mm and Young’s modulus 2 × 1011 Nm–2 carries a load of mass M. The length
of the wire with the load is 1.0 m. A vernier scale with 10 divisions is attached to the end of this wire. Next
to the steel wire is a reference wire to which a main scale, of least count 1.0 mm, is attached. The 10 divisions
of the vernier scale correspond to 9 divisions of the main scale. Initially, the zero of vernier scale coincides
with the zero of main scale. If the load on the steel wire is increased by 1.2 kg, the vernier scale division which
coincides with a main scale division is ________. Take g = 10 ms–2 and  = 3.2. [JEE(Advanced)-2018]
Sol. Answer (3.00)
W 1.2  10  4  1
L   = 0.3 mm
⎛ YA ⎞ 2  10    (0.5)2  (10 –6 )
11
⎜ L ⎟
⎝ ⎠
⎛ 9 ⎞
L.C. of vernier  ⎜ 1– ⎟ mm = 0.1 mm
⎝ 10 ⎠
 Vernier reading = 3
SECTION - G
Multiple True-False Type Questions
1. STATEMENT-1: A metallic rod placed upon smooth surface is heated. The strain produced is ZERO.
STATEMENT-2: Strain is non-zero only when stress is developed in the rod.
STATEMENT-3: Two metallic rods of length l1 and l2 and coefficient of linear expansion 1 and 2, are heated such
1 l 2
that the difference of their length remains same at ALL temperatures Then   l
2 1
(1) T T T (2) FTF (3) FFT (4) FFF
Sol. Answer (1)
2. STATEMENT-1: A metallic rod is clamped between two fixed support. The rod is heated but not allowed to bend.
Tensile stress is developed in it.
STATEMENT-2: A metallic rod is fixed between two rigid supports. The rod is heated. The strain produced in the
rod is ZERO because there is no change in length.
STATEMENT-3: The practical value of Poisson’s ratio lies between 0 and 0.5.
(1) T T T (2) FTF (3) FFT (4) FFF
Sol. Answer (3)
SECTION - H
Aakash Challengers Questions
1. Find the net vertical displacement of point O, when a mass of 2.5 kg is suspended from the mid-point O of
the rod shown. (Y = 2  1011 N/m2).
diameter = 1 mm
L=2m
1/3
⎛ mg ⎞
Sol. l ⎜  2.5
⎝ 2d 2E ⎟⎠
2. A heavy metallic rod of non-uniform mass distribution, is hanged vertically from a rigid support. The linear mass
density varies as (x) = k × x where x is the distance measured along the length of rod, from its lower end. Find
extension in rod due to its own weight.
Sol. Stress at distance ‘x’ from its lower end,
x
1 kg · x 2
A0∫ kx dx · g 
A
Strain in small difference trial element
de stress k · g · x 2
=  
dx Y AY
l
kg 2 k ·g ·l 3
e= ∫ de  ∫ AY · x dx 
6 AY
0
3. A wire gets elongated by 4 mm when a block of mass 2 kg is suspended from it. Now, the block is immersed
in water, the wire contracts by 1 mm. Find the density of block when the density of water is 1000 kg/m3.
4 mg 1
Sol. 3  m


mg  w . g 1 w
B B
On simplification,
B = 4w = 4000 kg/m3 = 4 g/cm3
4. Two wires one of copper and other of iron having same cross-section area and lengths 2 m and 1.5 m
respectively are fastened end to end and stretched by a load 10 N. If copper wire is stretched by 2mm then
find the total extension of combined wire, YCu  1 1011N/m2 and YFe  3  1011N/m2 .
Fl
Sol. Extension in wire l 
AY
 For copper, l 1  Fl 1
AY1
Fl 2
and for iron, l 2 
AY2
l 2 l 2Y1 1.5  1 1011

  
l 1 l 1Y2 3  1011  2
 l2 = 0.5 mm {As, l1 = 2mm}
 Total extension = 2 + 0.5 = 2.5 mm
5. A uniform bar of length 2 m and cross-sectional area 50 cm2 is subjected to a tensile load 100 N. If Young's
modulus of material of bar is 2 × 107 N/m2 and poisson's ratio is 0.4, then determine the volumetric strain.
l F 100
Sol.  
l AY 2  10  50  10  4
7
l
  10 3
l
r l
     0.4  10 3
r l
 v 2 r  l
    0.2  10 3
v r l
6. A wire having a length 1 m and cross-section area 3 mm2 is suspended at one of its ends from a ceiling. What
will be its strain energy due to its own weight, if the density and Young's modulus of the material of the wire
be 10 g/cm3 and 1.2 × 1011 N/m2 respectively.
Sol. Consider an element of thickness dx at a distance x from free end.
(stress) 2
Energy stored by element =  volume
2Y
2
⎛ mgx ⎞
⎜ ⎟
⎝
Al ⎠ dx
 Adx
24
x
2
⎛ mgx ⎞
l ⎜ ⎟
⎝ Al ⎠
 Total energy 
∫
0
2Y
 A dx
 2 g 2 Al 3

6Y
[10  10 3  10 6 ] 2  10 2  3  10 6  1

6  1.2  10 11
= 4.2 × 10–8 J


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Chapter 9

Mechanical Properties of Solids

(4) Elastic forces are not conservative

(1) 1 : 2 (2) 2 :1 (3) 1 : 4 (4) 3 : 2

Sol. Answer (3)

YAx 2 YAx 2 2YAx 2 4YAx 2

 lS = 0.75 cm,  lCu = 1.25 cm

(1) OC (2) OD (3) OA (4) OB

2FL 3FL 3FL 8FL

(1) 1 : 1 (2) 2 : 1 (3) 1 : 2 (4) 1 : 4

(1) YB = 2YA (2) YA = 3YB (3) YB = 3YA (4) YA = YB

So l1 will be largest.

 LB > LA  (LB )i  (LA )i

(1) 2 : 1 (2) 4 : 1 (3) 6 : 1 (4) 8 : 1

mL2  m2L2 m2L mL

Sol. Answer (2)

gL2 2gL2 gL2 gL

Sol. Answer (2)

(1) (2) (3) (4)

Strain Strain Strain Strain

32. Select the incorrect option

Y ⎛ 2D  ⎞ D .01  0.05

Select the correct alternatives.

2. If a wire is stretched to triple its length, then

Iron wire Cooper wire

And A  4  107 m2 , u A  703 J/m2

If y  2  1014 , A  2  107 m2 , uA  1406 J/m3

And A  4  107 m2 , uA  352J/m3

A  4  107 m2 , uB  153 J/m3

If y  2  1014 N/m2 , A  2  107 m2 , uB  306 J/m3

A  4  107 m2 , uB  76.5 J/m3

Sol. Answer (4)

Shear Force F sin  F

Strain in small difference trial element

l 2 l 2Y1 1.5  1 1011

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