Machine CNC Router

CNC Router is a computer-controlled cutting machine used for cutting various hard materials, such
as wood, composite, aluminum, steel, plastic, and foam.

Computer Numerical Control / CNC (meaning "numerical control computer") is a machine tool
automation system operated by abstractly programmed and stored commands on storage media,
contrary to previous habits in which machine tools are usually controlled by hand rotation or
simple automation using cam. The word NC itself is an English abbreviation of the word
Numerical Control which means "numerical control". The first NC machines were first invented
in the 1940s and 1950s, by modifying ordinary machine tools. In this case ordinary machine tools
are added with motors that will move the controller following the points entered into the system
by the paper recorder. The blend of motor and mechanical servo was soon replaced by analog
systems and then digital computers, creating a modern Machine Tool called the CNC Machine
(computer numerical control) which later revolutionized the design process. Currently CNC
machines have a very close relationship with the CAD program. CNC machines are built to address
the challenges in the modern manufacturing world. With a CNC machine, the accuracy of a product
can be guaranteed up to 1/100 mm more, bulk product workmanship with exact same results and
fast machining time.

CNC Router consists of three main parts:

1. Program

2. The control unit or processor

3. Stepper motor to move the chisel control

4. Spindle motor to move / rotate the chisel

5. Chisel / End Mill.

6. Stand and holder

The working principle of NC / CNC can simply be described as follows:

1. Programmers create CNC program according to the product to be made by typing directly on
CNC machine or made on computer with CNC programming software.

2. The CNC program, better known as G-Code, is sent and executed by the processor on the CNC
machine resulting in the servo motor arrangement on the machine to move the moving tools to
machining to produce the product according to the program.

Mach 3 is software that functions as a controller for CNC machines. This software works by
translating the program that is given on the machine. Through the program, machine tools are
controlled in order to move and cut workpieces. This software works on a PC with Windows
2000, Windows XP or Windows 32 Bit operating system. The installed PC software acts as a
machine controller, then sends a command signal to the driver.

Figure 1.1 Software Mach 3

The electric diagram can be described as follows:

 Figure 1.2 Electric Chart CNC Router
Signal Enabled Step Pin Dir Pin Dir Low Step Low Step Port Dir Port
Active Active

X Axis 2 3 1 1

Y Axis 4 5 1 1

Z Axis 6 7 1 1

Spindle 1 0 1 1

Table 1.1 Output Port and Pin

Signal Enabled Port # Pin Active Emulated Hotkey
Number Low

X ++ 1 11 X 0
 X -- 1 11 X 0

Y ++ 1 12 X 0

Y -- 1 12 X 0

Z ++ 1 13 X 0

Z -- 1 13 X 0

Estop 1 10 X 0

Table 1.1 Input Port and Pin

How to Use the Tool

1. Make sure the power supply is connected to the power source, the button is ON.

2. Turn on the computer, open the software mach3 on the computer.

3. Release the emergency stop button then press the home button on the keyboard to
position the device towards home position.

4. Open the mastercam software to start drawing.

5. After drawing and setting is finished then post the image to G-code then save.

6. Reopen the mach3 program.

7. Press the "load G-code" toolbar, and select G-code that has been saved, then G-
code appears on the mach3 display along with the created image.

8. Position manually and setting zero on the workpiece before starting the execution
process.

9. Zero all axis by pressing zero X, zero Y, and zero Z.

10. Once everything is done, press the "start" toolbar to start the execution.

11. Operator can press emergency stop if there is setting error, and restart it by
releasing emergency stop button and pressing reset.

12. Then press start again to continue the execution process.

13. Wait until the execution process is complete and will automatically return to the
home position.Maintenance dan Troubleshooting

1. Maintenance
ELEKTRIK
- Perform routine cable checks.
- Check the sensitivity and limit position of the switch prior to usage.
- Perform output checks on the interface
MEKANIK
- Perform lubrication on axial and linear bearings periodically to avoid corrosion.
- Perform cleaning on all threads periodically to avoid running threaded stitches.
- Conduct lubrication on threaded retaining bearings to avoid corrosion
- Check the bolt nut to avoid loose / loose.
2. Trouble Shooting
- Mach3 program does not work / has not been set when all is lit then see the emergency stop
button, whether it is rotated to the right or not.
- Limit switch is not detected, then see the input settings of mach3 is correct or not.
- Limit switch is off, check the condition of the switch limit if it is broken if not check the cable
and the output on the interface could be due to damaged interface output condition.
- All is active but stepper motors do not rotate, then check the stepper motor cable and stepper
driver cable, check the stepper driver is still functioning or not .
Panel Design
Electric Chart CNC Router
SCREENSHOOT SETTING MACH 3 CNC ROUTER