 Evaporation – considered as minor
problem and is less probable to drain
PLUMBING VENTILATION
 Portion of the drainage pipe
installation, designed to maintain a
balance atmospheric pressure inside
the system. It helps to prevent
problems like
1. Trap Seal Loss
2. Retardation of Flow
3. Deterioration of the Materials
Ventilating a drainage system requires a
thorough knowledge of the principles governing
the natural laws of nature such as:
1. The principles governing the
atmosphere
2. The principles of gravity
3. The principles of Siphon, pressure and
vacuum
 The surface of the Earth is subjected to
an atmospheric pressure valued about
65.47 Newtons at sea level.
Trap Seal Loss
 Most common and serious problem
being encountered in a drainage system
 Can be attributed to inadequate
ventilation of the trap and subsequent
minus and plus pressures of the system
Factors affecting Trap Seal Loss
 Siphonage
 Back Pressure
 Evaporation
 Capillary Action
 Siphonage is the result of the minus
pressure in the drainage system.
Closing one end of the trap by connecting a
pipe without ventilation will create an
unequal atmospheric condition
the water inside the trap
 Wind Effect – a wind velocity passing
over the top of the soil may affect the
trap seal. Improbable to happen
 Capillary Action – draining of water seal
caused by foreign objects like thread or
string suspended and extended over the
outlet arm of the trap
Retardation of Flow
 Due to the effect of atmospheric
pressure and/or gravity. One example is
pouring liquid milk from a tin can.
 Corrected when ventilation pipes are
provided to equalize the or balanced
the atmospheric pressure inside the
plumbing installation
Ventilating the Drainage System
Ventilating all fixture traps individually
is costly. So, for the sake of the economy, group
venting was permitted provided that every trap
is ventilated using the proper size of vent pipe
as recommended by National Plumbing Code
Types of Ventilation
 Main Soil and Waste Vent
 Main Vent
 Individual Vent
 Unit Vent
 Circuit or Loop Vent
 Wet Vent
 Looped Vent
 Local Vent
 Utility Vent
 Yoke Vent
 Relief Vent

2 MAJOR CLASSIFICATIONS:
 The vent pipe used to ventilate the soil
and waste pipes are the Main Soil and
Waste Vents
 The main and other subsidiary form of
relief vents are classified accdg to the
functions they perform, and they are
called Relief and Yoke Vent. It only
serves the fixtures and functions to
balance atmospheric pressure inside
the system
 Other types of ventilation whose main
function is to protect the trap seal
against back pressure and siphoning are
called
1. Individual or back Vent
2. Unit Vent
3. Circuit or Loop Vent
4. Wet Vent
5. Looped Vent
MAIN SOIL AND WASTE VENT
Portion of the soil stack above the
highest installed fixture branch extending
through the roof. It serves as the terminal for
the main vent and other vents of the system
The Main Vent
 Portion of the vent pipe system, serving
as terminal for the smaller forms of
individual and grouped fixture trap
ventilation
 Also called as COLLECTING VENT LINE
 Source through which air is admitted to
the plumbing system. It serves as means
of eliminating objectionable odors
 The drainage system is a combination of
waste pipe, vent pipe, and water
supply. They are dependent with each
other
EXAMPLES:
 Determine the size of the main vent
that will serve 30 fixture units
1. Referring to 11-1, it appears that 63 mm
pipe could serve up to 36 fixture units
2. Therefore, specify a 63 mm diameter
pipe for the main vent
 How large is the main vent required for
a various fixture consisting of 4 water
closets, 4 lavatories, 3 showers and 2
kitchen sinks installed on the 1st floor of
a two-storey bldg 6 meters high
1. Solve for the Total Fixture Units with
the aid of Table 5-1
2. Refer to Table 11-1, a 100 mm soil or
waste stack could serve up to 48 max
units
3. Under a column “Diameter of vent
pipe” a 63 mm pipe could ventilate 48
units as high as 19.50 meters
4. Therefore, specify a 63 mm diameter
vent pipe.
INDIVIDUAL VENT
 Also known as Back Vent
 It is that part of the vent pipe system
that serves as a single trap. Its is
connected to the trap directly
underneath and back of the fixture and
reconnected into the main vent above
UNIT VENTING
 Unit vent is defined as that portion of a
vent pipe system that ventilates two
fixture traps that discharges into a
sanitary cross with deflectors.
CIRCUIT OR LOOP VENT
 Circuit or Loop Vent is employed where
two or more fixture traps are installed
on a horizontal soil or waste branch.
RELIEF VENT
 Relief Vent is installed to ventilate the
soil and waste pipe and the connecting
branches rather than the fixture traps.
LOOPED VENT
 Looped Vent is one type of ventilation
use on fixtures in a room away from
partitions.
WET VENTILATION
 Wet ventilation is defined as that
portion of the vent pipe system where
liquid waste regularly flows.