Marine and diesel engine oils, hydraulic oils, heat transfer oils, industrial gear oils, convention

Group Type APPLICATIONS

DEOs
HYDRAULIC OILS
PAPER MACHINE OILS
COMPRESSOR OILS
Group-I
MACHINE TOOL WAY & SLIDE LUBRICANTS
HEAT TRANSFER OILS
INDUSTRIAL GEAR OILS
CONVENTIONAL GREASES
PCMO & COMMERCIAL ENGINE OILS
NATURAL GAS ENGINE OILS
Group-II ATFs
TURBINE OILS
AUTOMOTIVE GEAR OILS
PCMO(Particularly 0W & 5W Grades
ATFS
Group-III
FOOD GRADE LUBRICANTS
WHITE OIL QUALITY LUBRICANTS
HIGH PERFORMANCE ENGINE OILS
GEAR OILS
COMPRESSOR OILS
Group-IV HEAVY DUTY TRANSMISSIONS
INDUSTRIAL BEARING LUBRICANTS
HYDRAULIC & CIRCULATING OILS
HIGH PERFORMANCE GREASES
TRANSFORMER & PROCESS OILS
Group-
GREASE
V(Naphtheni
cs) METAL WORKING FLUIDS
REFRIGERATION & COMPRESSOR OILS
AVIATION TURBINE ENGINES
FIRE-RESISTANT HYDRAULIC OILS
HEAT TRANSFER OILS
Group-V
BRAKE FLUIDS
(Synthetics)
HIGH TEMPERATURE GEAR OILS
REFRIGERATION & COMPRESSOR OILS
CHAIN OILS
nsfer oils, industrial gear oils, conventional greases, paper machine oils, compressor oils, machine tool

1947 API Regular Premium

1952 API ML MM MS
1972 API SA SB SC SD SE SF SG SH SJ
YEAR 1971 1971 1971 1971 1972 1980 1987 1992 1996
ADDITIVES
ASHLESS DISPERSENT - - 1.8 4 5 5 5.5 6 4.5
METAL SULFONATE - - 0.6 1 1.8 1.2 0.8 1.7 1.5
THIOPHOSPHONATE - - 1 1
PHENATE(Ca) - - - - 1.8 1 1.2 0.5 0.5
Other ANTI-OXIDANTS - 0.1 - - - 0.2 0.5 1.3 1
ANTI-RUST - - 0.2 0.1 - - - -
ZDDP - 0.2 0.6 0.8 1 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.5
SUM OF ADDITIVES(%) Nil 0.3 4 7 9.7 8.7 9.3 10.9 9

1952 API DG DM DS
1972 API CA CB CD CE CF-2 CF-4 CG-4 CH-4 CI-4
YEAR 1971 1971 1971 1985 1994 1994 1995 1998 2002
ADDITIVES
ASHLESS DISPERSENT - - 3.5 3.5 3.5 4 5 7 8
OVERBASED SULPOHNATES - - 2 1.5 1 2 1.5 1.7 2
OVERBASED PHENATES - - 1.5 1 1 1 1.5 1.5 1.5
Aryl ZDDP - - 1.5 - - - - - -
PHENATE(Ca) - - - - - - - - -
Other ANTI OXIDANTS - - - - - - 0.1 0.2 0.3
ANTI-RUST - - - - - - - - -
ZDDP - 0.5 - 1 1 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
SUM OF ADDITIVES(%) Nil 0.5 8.5 7 6.5 8.5 9.6 11 13.3
ssor oils, machine tool way and slide lubricants
Lubricant additive
Anti-oxidants

Anti-wear (AW)
Basic additives

Corrosion inhibitors
Detergents
Dispersants
Extreme pressure
(EP)
Foam inhibitors

Friction reducers
Pour point
depressants
Rust inhibitors
Viscosity index (VI)
improvers
Purpose
Reduce oxidation of the lubricant.

Reduce wear at moderate temperature. Adsorb on the surface to form thin protective films.
Neutralise acidic contaminants in the lubricant (sulphuric acid, oxidation products etc.)
Protect certain non-ferrous metals (copper, lead, silver, aluminium etc.) by reacting with the surface.
Form a protective film.
Prevent the build-up of deposits in hot running engines.
Prevent the coagulation of carbon deposits which may form a sludge and block oilways.
Prevent scuffing of components operating under severe conditions. React with the metal surfaces
producing a thin protective film.
Long chain polymers or silicones which act to destabilise surface foam.
Reduce friction under boundary lubrication conditions. Form an organic surface film on the
component surfaces.

Sulubilise the wax structure that forms in paraffinic oils at low temperatures.
Adsorb onto ferrous surfaces to protect against corrosion

Polymer chains uncoil to thicken the lubricant at elevated temperatures.