Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Paper Format
Slides 4-10
In-Text Citations
Slides 11-42
References
Slides 43-85
2
APA Websites
3
Formatting a Scholarly
Paper
Part 1
4
Format: Basics
6
Format: Title Page
Series in a sentence
To identify elements of a series within a paragraph, use
lowercase letters in parentheses, for example:
9
Format: Numbers
10
In-Text Citations
Part 2
11
In-Text Citations
12
In-Text Citations
13
In-Text Citations
Authority
AARCTIC Accountability
Reasonableness
Credibility
Trustworthiness
Integrity
Confidence
14
In-Text Citations
General Rules:
An author mentioned within the body of a sentence can
include a first name, if desired.
Only surnames are represented in a parenthetical citation.
If two or more authors share the surname, then use first and
middle initials to differentiate them. For example:
Sentence body: A. B. Smith (2004) contradicted C. D. Smith
(2006) when she said…
Parenthetical: (Smith, A. B., 2004) (Smith, C. D., 2006).
(Note: inverted name order and the space between the
initials.)
17
In-Text Citations: Authors
18
In-Text Citations: Authors
19
In-Text Citations: Authors
Groups as authors.
Corporations, associations, government agencies, study
groups, etc.
Usually spelled out each time they are used in-text.
21
In-Text Citations: Authors
22
In-Text Citations: Authors
23
In-Text Citations: Dates
24
In-Text Citations: Dates
25
In-Text Citations: Page Numbers
26
In-Text Citations: Examples
28
In-Text Citations: Personal
Communication
29
In-Text Citations: Capitalization
30
In-Text Citations: Quotes
Definition:
A precise, word-for-word, punctuation-for-punctuation, error-
for-error reproduction of source material for use in one’s own
work.
31
In-Text Citations: Quotes –
Signal Phrases
32
In-Text Citations: Signal Phrases
33
In-Text Citations: Short Quotes
34
In-Text Citations: Block Quote
Omission:
For an omission of a word or words, use the ellipses
(. . .), not 3 periods in a row.
If the omission appears in the middle of a sentence, use
only the three period ellipses.
If the omission appears at the end of a sentence in the
quote, use a four-period ellipses to indicate that the final
point is the end of the sentence.
Do not use ellipses at the very beginning or at the very end
of a quotation.
38
In-Text Citations: Quotes
Inserting material
Use brackets, not parentheses, to enclose inserted
material, such as additions or explanations.
Adding emphasis
If you want to emphasize a word or words anywhere in
an APA paper, italicize them. Do not put them in
quotations marks or use a bold font.
Within a quote, insert the bracketed tag [italics added]
immediately after the italicized words.
39
In-Text Citations: Quotes
40
In-Text Citations:
Summaries and Paraphrases
41
In-Text Citations: Visuals
42
References
Part 3
43
References
Purpose:
References are the map to the AARCTIC.
References provide readers the path to directly access
any and all source materials used within a document.
Bear in mind: Knowing the basics and finding the
patterns behind APA citations will make it easier to
cope with all of the “exceptions.”
44
References: Must-Haves
46
References: Format
References
48
References: Authors
Single Author
Use only a complete surname and the first and middle initials
of any author.
Surname appears first followed by a comma.
First initial – period – space – middle initial – period – space.
Multiple Authors
Invert the order of the surnames and the initials of all authors.
Separate authors from one another with a comma.
Use an ampersand (&) before the last author.
49
References: Authors
50
References: Authors
References
Jones, J. R. (2001a). Control….
Jones, J. R. (2001b). Roles of ….
51
References: Authors
52
References: Publication Dates
53
References: Publication Dates
54
References: Titles
Initial Capitalization
Capitalize only the first word, the first word after a
colon, and proper nouns in titles of books and articles.
Agony and you: How to survive really long, dry presentations.
Do not capitalize the second word of a hyphenated
compound. (APA, 2010, p. 185)
55
References: Titles
56
References: Titles
57
References: Editions
Book Edition.
Edition information appears in parentheses immediately
following the title before the period.
Use the designation of ed. with a lower-case e and a
period.
Example:
American Psychological Association. (2010). Publication manual of
the American Psychological Association (6th ed.). Washington,
DC: Author.
58
References:
Publication Information
Books
City of publication – comma – space – state abbreviation –
colon – space – name of publisher – period.
Example:
Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
59
References: Publication Information
60
References: Publication Information
Example:
Borman, W. C. (2001). Role of supervisor. Journal of
Applied Psychology, 78(2), 443-449.
61
References: Publication
Information – Electronic Sources
63
References: Publication Information –
DOI Number
64
References: Publication Information –
Internet URL
Examples
Herbst-Damm, K. L., & Kulik, J. A. (2005). Volunteer support,
marital status, and the survival times of terminally ill
patients. Health Psychology, 24, 225-229. doi:10.1037/0278-
6133.24.2.225
Jones, G. (2001). Role of reference elements. Retrieved from
http://jbr.org/article.html
66
Examples
APA Reference Notes
67
Sample Reference Note:
Authored Book
68
Sample Reference Note:
Edited Book
69
Sample Reference Note:
Electronic Version of a Print Book
70
Sample Reference Note:
Electronic Version of a Print Book
72
Sample Reference Note:
Selection from an Edited Book
73
Sample Reference Note:
Entry in Reference Work
74
Sample Reference Note:
Journal Article With DOI
75
Sample Reference Note:
Journal Article Without DOI (Print)
76
Sample Reference Note:
Journal Article Without DOI (Internet)
77
Sample Reference Note:
Web Page Article — Author Known
Use the article title or web page title as the first element of the
citation if the author is unavailable.
79
Sample Reference Note:
Website — General Citation
80
Sample Reference Note: Magazine
82
For Further Examples
83
Resources
84
Resources
85
Resources
The OWL at Purdue. (2012). APA formatting and style guide. Retrieved from
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/
University of Maryland University College. (2011). APA citation examples.
Retrieved from
http://www.umuc.edu/library/libhow/apa_examples.cfm
The Writing Center @ The University of Wisconsin-Madison. (2011). APA
documentation guide. Retrieved from
http://www.wisc.edu/writing/Handbook/DocAPA.html
86
Reference
87