Q4

I 1. Development length
When you have a reinforcement bar, that is no longer required to carry the tensile forces, that
is the tension is zero at that section, then you will have to develop the bar further so that the
grip between the steel and concrete makes it a continuous structure. Now we have to provide
this development length because if we do not, then the bar does not have any restrain and we
know that if a member does not have any restrain than it does not resist any forces. So that is
the concept of development length.

2. Lap Length
Lap length is provided when you require tension reinforcement but the length of the bar is
not sufficient to continue through the entire member, for example columns. Now, columns
are typically 100' tall. Neither can we have a 100' long bar, nor is it easy or possible to cage,
so we tend to cut bars to every 2 story. Now, at the location of discontinuity we want the
tension forces to transfer from one piece of bar to another. So for that we tend to provide
second bar near to the one that is discontinued and the amount of overlapping between the
two bars is called a lap length
II Bond stress is the result of the bonding between the concrete surface and the reinforcement
steel. It varies depending upon the type of concrete and type of reinforcement used. If plane
rounded steel is used as reinforcement then the bond stress will be less, if same concrete is
used with HYSD steel as reinforcement then the bond stress is higher.
Member Bar Type & No. in No. of Total A B C D Total Shap shape
& location mark size each membe r no of length (m) e code
Beam-2B1 01 T 16 2 1 2 150 1400 - - 2.300 11

06 T 16 2 1 2 5400 10.800 01

02 T 16 2 1 2 150 900 2.100 11

04 T 20 2 1 2 150 1400 3.100 11

05 T 20 2 1 2 5400 - - - 2.800 01

03 T 20 2 1 2 150 900 2.100 11

07 T 10 25 1 25 200 350 50 50 16.250 51

Bar size 6 10 12 16 20 25 Cumulative(kg)

Total length 16.28 15.2 8 39.8

(m)

Weight 0.222 0.616 0.888 1.579 2.466 3.854

(kg/m)