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Exercise – 5.1
Factorize:
1. 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 − 3𝑥 2 − 3
Sol:
x3 x 3x 2 3
Taking x common in x3 x
x x 2 1 3x 2 3
Taking –3 common in 3x 2 3
x x2 1 3 x2 1
Now, we take x 2
1 common
x 1 x 3
2
x 3 x 3 x 2 3 x 2 1 x 3
a a b 3a 2b a b
3
2.
Sol:
Taking a b common in two terms
a b a a b 3a 2b
2
Now, using a b a 2 b 2 2ab
2
a b a a 2 b 2 2ab 3a 2b
a b a 3 ab 2 2a 2b 3a 2b
a b a ab a b
3 2 2
a b a a b ab
2 2
a a b a b ab
2 2
a a b 3a 2b a b a a b a 2 b 2 ab
3
Class IX Chapter 5 – Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions Maths
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3.
x x3 y 3 3xy x y
Sol:
Elaborating x3 y 3 using identity a3 b3 a b a 2 ab b 2
x x y x 2 xy y 2 3xy x y
Taking common x x y in both the terms
x x y x 2 xy y 2 3 y
x x y 3xy x y x x y x
3 3 2
xy y 2 3 y
4.
a 2 x 2 ax 2 1 x a
Sol:
We multiply x ax 2 1 ax3 x
a 2 x 2 ax3 x a
Taking common ax 2 in a 2 x 2 ax3 and 1 in x a
ax 2 a x 1 x a
ax 2 a x 1 a x
Taking a x common in both the terms
a x ax 2 1
a2 x2 ax 2
1 x a a x ax 2
1
5. x 2 y xy x
Sol:
On rearranging
x 2 xy x y
Taking x common in the x 2 y and 1 in x y
x x y 1 x y
Taking x y common in both the terms
x y x 1
x 2 y xy x x y x 1
Class IX Chapter 5 – Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions Maths
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6. x3 2 x2 y 3xy 2 6 y3
Sol:
Taking x 2 common in x3 2 x 2 y and 3y 2 common in 3xy 2 6 y 3
x2 x 2 y 3 y 2 x 2 y
x 2 y x2 3 y 2
x3 2 x 2 y 3xy 2 6 y 3 x 2 y x 2 3 y 2
7. 6ab b 2 12ac 2bc
Sol:
Taking common b in 6ab b2 and 2c in 12ac 2bc
b 6 a b 2c 6 a b
Taking 6a b common in both terms
6a b b 2c
6ab b 2 12ac 2bc 6a b b 2c
1 1
8. x 2 2 4 x 6
x x
Sol:
1 4
x2 2 4x 4 2
x x
1 4
x2 2 4 2 4 x
x x
2
1
2
x
2 1
x
1
x 2 2 x x 2 x 2 2 2 x
x
Using identity
a 2 b2 c 2 2ab 2bc 2ca a b c
2
We get,
2
1
x 2
x
2
1
x 2
x
1 1
x 2 x 2
x x
1 1 1 1
x 2 2 4 x 6 x 2 x 2
x x x x
Class IX Chapter 5 – Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions Maths
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9. x x 2 x 4 4 x 8
Sol:
x x 2 x 4 4 x 2
Taking x 2 common in both terms
x 2 x x 4 4
x 2 x2 4x 4
Now splitting middle term of x 2 4 x 4
x 2 x2 2 x 2 x 4
x 2 x x 2 2 x 2
x 2 x 2 x 2
x 2 x 2 x 2
x 2
3
x x 2 x 4 4 x 8 x 2
3
10. x 2 x2 25 10 x 2 20 x
Sol:
x 2 x 2 25 10 x x 2
Taking x 2 common in both terms
x 2 x 2 25 10 x
x 2 x 2
10 x 25
Splitting middle term of x 2 10 x 25
x 2 x 2 5 x 5 x 25
x 2 x x 5 5 x 5
x 2 x 5 x 5
x 2 x 2 25 10 x 2 20 x x 2 x 5 x 5
3b
2 2
2 a 2 2a 3b
Class IX Chapter 5 – Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions Maths
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2
2a 3b
2a 3b 2a 3b
2a 2 2 6ab 3b2 2a 3b 2a 3b
a b c b c a 2 a b c b c a
2 2
12.
Sol:
Let a b c x and b c a y
x 2 y 2 2 xy
Using identity a 2 b2 2ab a b
2
x y
2
4a 2
a b c b c a 2 a b c b c a 4a 2
2 2
13. a 2 b 2 2 ab bc ca
Sol:
a 2 b 2 2ab 2bc 2ca
Using identity a 2 b2 2ab a b
2
We get,
a b 2bc 2ca
2
a b 2c b a
2
or a b 2c a b
2
Taking a b common
a b a b 2c
a 2 b 2 2 ab bc ca a b a b 2c
Class IX Chapter 5 – Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions Maths
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4 x y 12 x y x y 9 x y
2 2
14.
Sol:
Let x y a, x y b
4a 2 12ab 9b 2
Splitting middle term 12 6 6 also 4 9 6 6
4a 2 6ab 6ab 9b 2
2a 2a 3b 3b 2a 3b
2a 3b 2a 3b
2a 3b
2
Substituting a x y and b x y
2 x y 3 x y
2
2 x 2 y 3x 3 y
2
2 x 3x 2 y 3 y
2
x 5 y
2
1 x 5 y
2
x 5y 1 1
2 2
4 x y 12 x y x y 9 x y x 5 y
2 2 2
15. a 2 b 2 2bc c 2
Sol:
a 2 b2 2bc c 2
Using identity a 2 2ab b2 a b
2
a2 b c
2
Using identity a 2 b 2 a b a b
a b c a b c
a b c a b c
a 2 b 2 2bc c 2 a b c a b c
Class IX Chapter 5 – Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions Maths
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16. a 2 2ab b 2 c 2
Sol:
Using identity a 2 2ab b2 a b
2
a b c2
2
Using identity a 2 b 2 a b a b
a b c a b c
a 2 2ab b 2 c 2 a b c a b c
17. a 2 4b 2 4ab 4c 2
Sol:
On rearranging
a 2 4ab 4b 2 4c 2
a 2 a 2b 2b 4c 2
2 2
a 2b 4c 2
2
a 2b 2c
2 2
Using identity a 2 b 2 a b a b
a 2b 2c a 2b 2c
a 2 4b 2 4ab 4c 2 a 2b 2c a 2b 2c
18. xy 9 yx9
Sol:
xy 9 yx 9
xy y 8 x8
xy y x
4
2
4
2
Using identity a 2 b 2 a b a b
xy y 4 x 4 y x
4 4
xy y y x
2 2
4
x4 2 2
Using identity a 2 b 2 a b a b
Class IX Chapter 5 – Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions Maths
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xy y 4 x 4 y 2
x2 y x 2 2
xy y 4
x4 y 2
x2 y x y x
xy x 4
y4 x 2
y2 x y 1 x y
b a 1 a b
xy x 4 y 4 x x y x y
2
y2
xy 9 yx9 xy x y x y x y x y
4 4 2 2
19. x4 x2 y 2 y 4
Sol:
Adding x 2 y 2 and subtracting x 2 y 2 to the given equation
x4 x2 y 2 y 4 x2 y 2 x2 y 2
x4 2 x2 y 2 y 4 x2 y 2
xy
2 2 2
x2 2 x2 y 2 y 2
xy
2 2
x2 y 2
Using identity a 2 b 2 a b a b
x 2 y 2 xy x 2 y 2 xy
x 4 x 2 y 2 y 4 x 2 y 2 xy x 2 y 2 xy
20. x2 y 2 4 xz 4 z 2
Sol:
On rearranging the terms
x 2 4 xz 4 z 2 y 2
x 2 x 2z 2z y2
2 2
x 2z y2
2
Using identity a 2 b 2 a b a b
x 2 z y x 2 z y
x 2 y 2 4 xz 4 z 2 x 2 z y x 2 z y
Class IX Chapter 5 – Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions Maths
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21. x2 6 2 x 10
Sol:
Splitting middle term,
x 2 5 2 x 2 x 10 6 2 5 2 2 and 5 2 2 10
x x5 2 2 x5 2
x5 2 x 2
x2 6 2 x 10 x 5 2 x 2
22. x2 2 2 x 30
Sol:
Splitting the middle term,
x 2 5 2 x 3 2 x 30 2 2 5 2 3 2 also 5 2 3 2 30
x x 5 2 3 2 x 5 2
x 5 2 x 3 2
x 2 2 x 30 x 5 2 x 3 2
2
23. x 2 3x 6
Sol:
Splitting the middle term,
x 2 2 3x 3x 6 3 2 3 3 also 2 3 3 6
x x2 3 3 x2 3
x 2 3 x 3
x 3x 6 x 2 3 x 3
2
24. x2 5 5 x 30
Sol:
Splitting the middle term,
x 2 2 5 x 3 5 x 30 5 5 2 5 3 5 also 2 5 3 30
x x2 5 3 5 x2 5
x2 5 x 3 5
x2 5 5 x 30 x 2 5 x 3 5
Class IX Chapter 5 – Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions Maths
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25. x2 2 3x 24
Sol:
Splitting the middle term,
x 2 4 3 x 2 3 x 24
2 3 4 3 2 3 also 4 3 2 3 24
x x4 3 2 3 x4 3
x4 3 x 2 3
x2 2 3 x 24 x 4 3 x 2 3
5 1
26. 2x2 x
6 12
Sol:
Splitting the middle term,
x x 1 5 1 1 1 1 1
2 x2 6 2 3 also 2 3 2 12
2 3 12
1 1 1
x 2x 2x
2 6 2
1 1
2 x x
2 6
5 1 1 1
2x2 x 2x x
6 12 2 6
12 1
27. x2 x
35 35
Sol:
Splitting the middle term,
5 7 1 12 5 7 5 7 1
x2 x x 35 35 35 and 35 35 35
35 35 35
x x 1
x2
7 5 35
1 1 1
x x x
7 5 7
1 1
x x
7 5
12 1 1 1
x2 x x x
35 35 7 5
Class IX Chapter 5 – Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions Maths
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1
28. 21x 2 2 x
21
Sol:
2
1 1
2
21x 2 21x
21 21
Using identity a 2 2ab b2 a b
2
2
1
21x
21
2
1 1
21x 2 x
2
21x
21 21
29. 5 5 x 2 20 x 3 5
Sol:
Splitting the middle term,
5 5 x 2 15 x 5 x 3 5 20 15 5 and 15 5 5 5 5 3 5
5x 5x 3 5 5x 3
5x 3 5x 5
5 5x2 20 x 3 5
5x 3 5x 5
30. 2x2 3 5x 5
Sol:
Splitting the middle term,
2 x2 2 5x 5x 5 3 5 2 5 5 also 2 5 5 2 5
2x x 5 5 x 5
x 5 2x 5
2x2 3 5 x 5 x 5 2 x 5
9 2a b 4 2a b 13
2
31.
Sol:
Let 2a b x
9 x 2 4 x 13
Splitting the middle term,
Class IX Chapter 5 – Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions Maths
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9 x 2 13x 9 x 13
x 9 x 13 1 9 x 13
9 x 13 x 1
Substituting x 2a b
9 2a b 13 2a b 1
18a 9b 13 2a b 1
9 2a b 4 2a b 13 18a 9b 13 2a b 1
2
2 x y 9 x y 5
2
33.
Sol:
Let x y z
2z2 9z 5
Splitting the middle term,
2 z 2 10 z z 5
2 z z 5 1 z 5
z 5 2 z 1
Substituting z x y
x y 5 2 x y 1
x y 5 2 x 2 y 1
2 x y 9 x y 5 x y 5 2 x 2 y 1
2
Class IX Chapter 5 – Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions Maths
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34. Given possible expressions for the length and breadth of the rectangle having 35y2 + 13y –
12 as its area.
Sol:
Area 35 y 2 13 y 12
Splitting the middle term,
Area 35 y 2 28 y 15 y 12
7 y 5 y 4 3 5 y 4
Area 5 y 4 7 y 3
Also area of rectangle = Length Breadth
Possible length 5 y 4 and breadth 7 y 3
Or Possible length 7 y 3 and breadth 5 y 4
35. What are the possible expressions for the dimensions of the cuboid whose volume is 3x2 –
12x.
Sol:
Here volume 3 x 2 12 x
3x x 4
3 x x 4
Also volume = Length Breadth Height
Possible expressions for dimensions of the cuboid are 3, x, x 4
Class IX Chapter 5 – Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions Maths
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Exercise – 5.2
2. y 3 125
Sol:
y3 53
y 5 y 2 5 y 52
a3 b3 a b a2 ab b2
y 5 y 5 y 25
2
y3 125 y 5 y 5 y 25 2
3. 1 27a 3
Sol:
1 3a
3 3
1 3a 12 1 3a 3a
2
a 3 b3 a b a 2 ab b 2
1 3a 1 3a 9a 2
1 27a 3 1 3a 1 3a 9a 2
4. 8 x3 y 3 27a3
Sol:
2 xy 3a
3 3
2 xy 3a 2 xy 2 xy 3a 3a
2 2
a 3 b3 a b a 2 ab b 2
2 xy 3a 4 x 2 y 2 6 xya 9a 2
8 x y 27a 2 xy 3a 4 x y 2 6 xya 9a 2
3 3 3
2
Class IX Chapter 5 – Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions Maths
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5. 64a3 – b3
Sol:
4a b 3
3
4a b 4a 4a b b 2
2
a 3 b3 a b a 2 ab b 2
4a b 16a 2 4ab b 2
64a 3 b3 4a b 16a 2 4ab b 2
x3
6. 8 y3
216
Sol:
3
x
2y
3
6
x x 2
2
x
2 y 2 y 2 y
6 6 6
a 3 b3 a b a 2 ab b 2
x x
2
xy
2 y 4 y2
6 36 3
x3 x x
2
xy
8 y3 2 y 4 y 2
216 6 36 3
7. 10x4y – 10xy4
Sol:
10 x 4 y 10 xy 4
10 xy x3 y 3
10 xy x y x 2 xy y 2
a 3 b3 a b a 2 ab b 2
10 x 4 y 10 xy 4 10 xy x y x 2 xy y 2
Class IX Chapter 5 – Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions Maths
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8. 54x6y + 2x3y4
Sol:
54 x 6 y 2 x 3 y 4
2 x 3 y 27 x 3 y 3
2 x3 y 3x y 3
3
2 x3 y 3x y 3x 3 xy y 2
2
a 3 b3 a b a 2 ab b 2
2 x3 y 3x y 9 x 2 3xy y 2
54 x6 y 2 x3 y 4 2 x3 y 3x y 9 x 2 3xy y 2
9. 32a3 + 108b3
Sol:
32a 3 108b3
4 8a3 27b3
4 2a 3b
3 3
[Using a3 b3 a b a 2 ab b2 ]
2
4 2a 3b 2a 2a 3b 3b
2
4 2a 3b 4a 6ab 9b
2 2
a 2b 8b
3 3
a 2b 8b a 2b a 2b 8b 8b
2 2
a 3 b 3 a b a 2 ab b 2
a 10b a 2 4b 2 4ab 8b a 2b 8b
2
a b
2
a 2 b 2 2ab
a 10b a 2 4b 2 4ab 8ab 16b 2 64b 2
a 10b a 2
68b 2 16b 2 4ab 8ab
a 10b a 2
52b 2 4ab
a 2b 512b3 a 10b a 2 4ab 52b 2
3
Class IX Chapter 5 – Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions Maths
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a b 2 a b
3 3
a b 2a 2b [Using a3 b3 a b a 2 ab b 2 ]
3 3
a b 2a 2b a b a b 2a 2b 2a 2b
2 2
a b 2a 2b a 2 b 2 2ab a b 2a 2b 2a 2b
2
a b
2
a 2 b 2 2ab
3b a a 2 b 2 2ab 2a 2 2ab 2ab 2b 2 2a 2b
2
3b a 3a 2ab b 2 2a 2b
2 2
3b a 3a 2 2ab b 2 4a 2 4b 2 8ab
a b
2
a 2 b 2 2ab
3b a 3a 2
4a 2 b 2 4b 2 2ab 8ab
3b a 7 a 2
3b 2 6ab
a b 8 a b a 3b 7a 2 6ab 3b 2
3 3
x 2 x 2
3 3
12.
Sol:
x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2
2 2
a 3 b3 a b a 2 ab b 2
2 x x 2 4 x 4 x 2 x 2 x 2 4 x 4
a b
2
a 2 2ab b 2 , a b a 2 2ab b 2
2
2 x 2 x 2 8 x 2 22 a b a b a 2 b 2
2x 2x2 8 x2 4
2x x 2
12
x 2 x 2 2 x x 2 12
3 3
13. 8x2 y3 x5
Sol:
x 2 8 y 3 x3
x 2 2 y x3
3
Class IX Chapter 5 – Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions Maths
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x2 2 y x 2 y 2 y x x2
2
a3 b3 a b a 2 ab b 2
x 2 2 y x 4 y 2 2 xy x 2
8 x 2 y 3 x5 x 2 2 y x 4 y 2 2 xy x 2
14. 1029 – 3x3
Sol:
3 343 x3
37 3
x3
3 7 x 72 7 x x 2
a 3 b3 a b a 2 ab b 2
3 7 x 49 7 x x 2
1029 3x 3 7 x 49 7 x x
3 2
15. x6 + y6
Sol:
x6 y 6
y
3 3
x2 2
x y x x y y
a 3 b3 a b a 2 ab b 2
2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
x y x x y y
2 2 4 2 2 4
x y x y x x y y
6 6 2 2 4 2 2 4
16. x3y3 + 1
Sol:
xy 13
3
xy 1 xy xy 1 12
2
a3 b3 a b a 2 ab b 2
xy 1 x 2 y 2 xy 1
x3 y 3 1 xy 1 x 2 y 2 xy 1
Class IX Chapter 5 – Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions Maths
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17. x4y4 – xy
Sol:
xy x 3 y 3 1
xy xy 13
3
xy xy 1 xy xy 1 12
2
a 3 b3 a b a 2 ab b 2
xy xy 1 x 2 y 2 xy 1
x 4 y 4 xy xy xy 1 x 2 y 2 xy 1
18. a12 b12
Sol:
b
3 3
a4 4
a b
3 3
4 4
a b a a b b
a 3 b3 a b a 2 ab b 2
2 2
4 4 4 4 4 4
a b a a b b
4 4 8 4 4 8
a b a b a a b b
12 12 4 4 8 4 4 8
19. x3 6 x 2 12 x 16
Sol:
x3 6 x 2 12 x 8 8
x 3 3 x 2 2 3 x 2 2 23 8
x 2 8 a 3 3a 2b 3ab 2 b3 a b 3
3
x 2 23
3
x 2 2 x 2 2 x 2 22
2
a 3 b3 a b a 2 ab b 2
x 4 x2 4x 4 2 x 4 4
a b
2
a 2 2ab b 2
x 4 x 2
2x 4
x3 6 x 2 12 x 16 x 4 x 2 2 x 4
Class IX Chapter 5 – Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions Maths
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20. a 3 b3 a b
Sol:
a 3 b 3 1 a b
a b a 2 ab b 2 1 a b
a b a 2
ab b 2 1
a 3 b3 a b a b a 2
ab b 2 1
1 2
21. a3 3
2a
a a
Sol:
1 1
a3 3 2 a
a a
1
3
1
a3 2 a
a a
1 2 1 1
2
1
a a a 2 a
a a a a
a 3 b3 a b a 2 ab b 2
1 1 1
a a 2 1 2 2 a
a a a
1 1
a a 2 1 2 2
a a
1 1
a a 2 2 1
a a
1 2 1 1
a3 2a a a 2 2 1
a 3
a a a
22. a 3 3a 2b 3ab 2 b3 8
Sol:
a b 8 a 3 3a 2b 3ab 2 b3 a b 3
3
a b 23
3
a b 2 a b a b 2 22
2
a b 2 a 2 b 2 2ab 2a 2b 4
a 3 3a 2b 3ab 2 b3 8 a b 2 a 2 b 2 2ab 2a 2b 4
Class IX Chapter 5 – Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions Maths
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2 a b 2 a 2 a b b 2 2 x 2a b
2
a 3 b 3 a b a 2 ab b 2
2a b 4a 2 2ab b 2 2 x 2a b
2a b 4a 2
2ab b 2 2 x
8a 3 b3 4ax 2bx 2a b 4a 2 2ab b 2 2 x
24. Simplify:
Sol:
173 173 173 127 127 127
(i)
173 173 173 127 127 127
1732 1273
1732 173 127 127 2
173 127 1732 173 127 1272
a 3 b3 a b a 2 ab b 2
173 2
173 127 127 2
155 55 100
Class IX Chapter 5 – Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions Maths
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Exercise – 5.3
Factorize:
4a 5b a 3 b3 3a 2b 3ab 2 a b 3
3
4a 5b 4a 5b 4a 5b
64a3 125b3 240a 2b 300ab2 4a 5b 4a 5b 4a 5b
5x 3 y a 3 b3 3a 2b 3ab 2 a b 3
3
5 x 3 y 5 x 3 y 5 x 3 y
125 x3 27 y 3 225 x 2 y 135 xy 2 5 x 3 y 5 x 3 y 5 x 3 y
8 3 4
3. x 1 x2 2x
27 3
Sol:
3 2
2 2 2 2
x 1 3 x 1 3 1 x
3
3 3 3
3
2 a 3 b3 3a 2b 3ab 2 a b 3
x 1
3
2 2 2
x 1 x 1 x 1
3 3 3
8 3 4 2 2 2
x 1 x 2 2 x x 1 x 1 x 1
27 3 3 3 3
Class IX Chapter 5 – Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions Maths
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4. 8x3 27 y3 36 x2 y 54 xy 2
Sol:
8 x3 27 y 3 36 x 2 y 54 xy 2
2 x 3 y 3 2 x 3 y 3 2 x 3 y
3 3 2 2
2x 3y a 3 b3 3a 2b 3ab 2 a b 3
3
2 x 3 y 2 x 3 y 2 x 3 y
8 x 3 27 y 3 36 x 2 y 54 xy 2 2 x 3 y 2 x 3 y 2 x 3 y
5. a3 – 3a2b + 3ab2 – b3 + 8
Sol:
a 3 3a 2b 3ab 2 b3 8
a b 8 a 3 b3 3a 2b 3ab 2 a b 3
3
a b 23
3
a b 2 a b a b 2 22
2
a 3 b3 a b a 2 ab b 2
a b 2 a 2 b2 2ab 2 a b 4
a b 2 a 2
b2 2ab 2a 2b 4
a3 3a 2b 3ab2 b3 8 a b 2 a 2
b2 2ab 2a 2b 4
x3 8 y3 6 x2 y 12 xy 2
6.
Sol:
x 2 y 3 x2 2 y 3 x 2 y
3 3 2
x 2y a3 b3 3a 2b 3ab 2 a b 3
3
x 2 y x 2 y x 2 y
x 3 8 y 3 6 x 2 y 12 xy 2 x 2 y x 2 y x 2 y
7. 8x2 y3 12 x 2 y 6 xy 2
Sol:
8 x 2 y 3 12 x 2 y 6 xy 2
2 x y3 3 2 x y 3 2 x y 2
3 2
2x y a 3 b3 3a 2b 3ab 2 a b 3
3
2 x y 2 x y 2 x y
8 x3 y 3 12 x 2 y 6 xy 2 2 x y 2 x y 2 x y
Class IX Chapter 5 – Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions Maths
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2a 3b a 3 b3 3a 2b 3ab 2 a b 3
3
2a 3b 2a 3b 2a 3b
8a 3 27b3 36a 2b 54ab 2 2a 3b 2a 3b 2a 3b
2a 3b a 3 b3 3a 2b 3ab 2 a b 3
3
2a 3b 2a 3b 2a 3b
8a 3 27b3 36a 2b 54ab 2 2a 3b 2a 3b 2a 3b
x 3 12 x x 4 64
10.
Sol:
x3 12 x x 4 64
x3 12 x 2 48 x 64
x 3 x 2 4 3 4 2 x 43
3
x 4 a 3 3a 2b 3ab 2 b3 a b 3
3
x 4 x 4 x 4
x 3 12 x x 4 64 x 4 x 4 x 4
ax b a 2 3a 2b 3ab 2 b3 a b 3
3
ax b ax b ax b
a 3 x3 3a 2bx 2 3ab 2 x b3 ax b ax b ax b
Class IX Chapter 5 – Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions Maths
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Exercise – 5.4
a 2b 4c a 2 2b 4c a 2b 2b 4c 4c a
2 2
a3 b3 c3 3abc a b c a 2 b2 c 2 ab bc ca
a 2b 4c a 2 4b 2 16c 2 2ab 8bc 4ac
a3 8b3 64c3 24abc a 2b 4c a 2 4b 2 16c 2 2ab 8bc 4ac
2. x3 8 y3 27 z 3 18xyz
Sol:
x3 2 y 3z 3 x 2 y 3z
3 3
x 2 y 3z x 2 2 y 3z x 2 y 2 y 3z 3z x
2 2
a 3 b3 c3 3abc a b c a 2 b 2 c 2 ab bc ca
x 2 y 3z x 2 4 y 2 9 z 2 2 xy 6 yz 3zx
x3 8 y 3 27 z 3 18 xyz x 2 y 3z x 2 4 y 2 9 z 2 2 xy 6 yz 3zx
1 3
3. x y 3 125 z 3 5 xyz
27
Sol:
1 3
x y 3 125 z 3 5 xyz
27
3
x x
y 5 z 3 y 5 z
3 3
3 3
x x
2
x x
y 5z y 5z y y 5z 5z
2 2
3 3 3 3
x x 5
2
xy
y 5 z y 2 25 z 2 5 xyz zx
3 9 3 3
x x 5
2
1 3 xy
x y 3 125 z 3 5 xyz y 5 z y 2 25 z 2 5 yz zx
27 3 9 3 3
Class IX Chapter 5 – Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions Maths
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2 x 3 y 6 z 2 x 3 y 6 z 2 x 3 y 3 y 6 z 6 z 2 x
2 2 2
2 x 3 y 6 z 4 x 2 9 y 2 36 z 2 6 xy 18 yz 12 zx
8 x3 27 y 3 216 z 3 108 xyz 2 x 3 y 6 z 4 x 2 9 y 2 36 z 2 6 xy 18 yz 12 zx
5. 125 8x3 27 y3 90 xy
Sol:
53 2 x 3 y 3 5 2 x 3 y
3 3
5 2 x 3 y 52 2 x 3 y 5 2 x 2 x 3 y 3 y 5
2 2
5 2 x 3 y 25 4 x 2 9 y 2 10 x 6 xy 15 y
125 8 x3 27 y 3 90 xy 5 2 x 3 y 25 4 x 2 9 y 2 10 x 6 xy 15 y
3x 2 y 2 y 4 z 4 z 3x
3 3 3
6.
Sol:
Let 3 x 2 y a, 2 y 4 z b, 4 z 3 x c
a b c 3x 2 y 2 y 4 z 4 z 3x 0
a b c 0 a 3 b3 c3 3abc
3x 2 y 2 y 4 z 4 z 3x 3 3x 2 y 2 y 4 z 4 z 3x
3 3 3
2x 3 y 4z 2x 3 y 4z
3 3 3
7.
Sol:
Let 2 x 3 y a, 4 z 2 x b,3 y 4 z c
a b c 2x 3 y 4z 2x 3 y 4z c
abc 0 a 3 b3 c3 3abc
2 x 3 y 4 z 2 x 3 y 4 z 3 2 x 3 y 4 z 2 x 3 y 4 z
3 3 3
Class IX Chapter 5 – Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions Maths
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3 3 3
x z x 2y 5x y 4 z
8. 2 y 3 2 3 z 6 3 3
Sol:
x z x 2y 5x y 4 z
Let y a, z b, c
2 3 3 3 6 3 3
x z x 2y 5x y 4 z
abc y z
2 3 3 3 6 3 3
x x 5x 2y y z 4z
abc y z
2 3 6 3 3 3 3
3x 2 x 5 x 3 y 2 y y z 3z 4 z
abc
6 6 6 3 3 3 3 3 3
5x 5x 3 y 3 y 4 z 4 z
abc
6 3 3
abc 0
abc 0 a 3 b3 c3 3abc
3 3 3
x z x 2y 5x y 4 z x z x 2 y 5 x y 4 z
y z 3 y z
2 3 3 3 6 3 3 2 3 3 3 6 3 3
3b c 3 2a 3b c
3 3
2a 3
2a 3b c 2a 3b c 2a 3b 3b c
2a c
2 2
2
2a 3b c 2a 3b c 6ab 3bc 2ac
2 2 2
2 2a 3 3b c 3 6abc 2a 3b c 2a 3b c
3 3 3 2 2 2
6ab 3bc 2ac
Class IX Chapter 5 – Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions Maths
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3a
3a b 5c
b 5c 3
3 3 3
3a b 5c 3a b 5c 3a b b 5c 5c 3a
2 2 2
3a b 5c 3a b 5c 3ab 5bc 15ac
2 2 2
2 x 5 y 6 2 x 5 y 62 2 x 5 y 5 y 6 6 2 x
2 2
2 x 5 y 6 4 x 2 25 y 2 36 10 xy 30 y 12 x
8 x3 125 y 3 180 xy 216 2 x 5 y 6 4 x 2 25 y 2 36 10 xy 30 y 12 x
3 3
2a 2 2b c 3 3 2a 2 2b c
2a 2 2b c 2a 2 2b c 2a 2 2b 2 2b c 2a c
2 2
2
2a 2 2b c 2a 8b c 4ab 2 2bc 2ac
2 2 2