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(MODUL PRISM T)
2 The Structure Of The Atom

set 1
2 Table 2.1 shows proton number and nucleon number for elements of M, N and Q which are placed in the same
group in the Periodic Table of element.
Jadual 2.1 menunjukkan nombor proton dan nombor nukleon bagi unsur M, N dan Q yang terletak pada
kumpulan yang sama dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur.

Element Proton Number Nucleon Number


Unsur Nombor Proton Nombor Nukleon
M 3 7
N 11 23
Q 19 -
TABLE / JADUAL 2.1

(a) State the nucleon number of Q if the number of neutron in an atom Q is 20.
Nyatakan nombor nukleon Q jika bilangan neutron dalam satu atom Q ialah 20.

……………..………………………………………………………………………………. [ 1 mark ]
(b) (i) What is the number of electron for atom M?
Berapakah bilangan elektron atom M?

....……………………………………………………………………………………….

(ii) Write the electron arrangement for ion that formed from atom N.
Tuliskan susunan elektron bagi ion yang terbentuk daripada atom N

…………………………………….……………………………………………………

(iii) State the group for element M in the Periodic Table.


Nyatakan kumpulan bagi unsur M dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur

………………………………………………………………………………………….[ 3 marks ]

(c ) State one physical property for element of M, N and Q.


Nyatakan satu sifat fizik unsur- unsur M, N dan Q
…………………………….…………………………………………………………….
………………………………………..…………………………………………[ 2 marks ]

(d) In an experiment, solid M is heated and then added to gas jar containing chlorine gas. Experiment
is repeated by using solid N.
Dalam satu eksperimen pepejal M dipanaskan dan kemudian dimasukkan ke dalam balang gas berisi gas
klorin. Eksperimen diulangi dengan menggunakan pepejal N.
(i) Write the chemical equation for the reaction occurs between solid M and chlorine.
Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas yang berlaku antara pepejal M dengan klorin.

…………………………..……………………………………………………………………….. [ 1 mark
(ii) State the type of bond formed in the both compound.
Nyatakan jenis ikatan yang terbentuk dalam kedua-dua sebatian.

……………..………………………………………………………………………………………[ 1 mark ]
2

(i) The experiment showed N is more reactive than M. Explain.


Eksperimen tersebut menunjukkan N lebih reaktif daripada M. Jelaskan.

………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………….…………………………………………………………………

……………..…………………………………………………………………………... [ 3 marks ]

set 1
1 (a) What is the meaning of the following terms by giving one suitable example.
Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan istilah berikut dengan memberikan satu contoh yang sesuai.

(i) Proton number


Nombor proton
(ii) Nucleon number
Nombor nukleon
(iii) Isotope
Isotop
[ 6 marks ]

set 2
2 (a) Water is an example of matter. The information below shows three physical properties
for water.
Air merupakan contoh jirim. Malumat di bawah menunjukkan tiga keadaan fizik bagi air

Ice Water Steam


Ais Air Stim

(i) What is the meaning of matter?


Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan jirim?
(ii) Explain the change happen on the particles arrangement, forces of attraction
between the particles and the kinetic energy when the ice change to water.
Terangkan perubahan yang berlaku kepada susunan zarah, daya tarikan antara
zarah dan tenaga kinetik zarah apabila ais bertukar menjadi air.
[ 4 marks]

(b)
You are doing revision in your bedroom.
Suddenly you smell cooking aroma cooked by your mother in the kitchen.
Anda sedang mengulang kaji pelajaran di dalam bilik anda.
Tiba-tiba anda terhidu bau masakan yang sedang dimasak oleh ibu anda di dapur

(iii) Based on the situation above, explain how the situation happen based on the
Kinetic theory of matter.
Berpandukan situasi di atas, terangkan bagaimana kejadian tersebut berlaku
berdasarkan kepada Teori Kinetik Jirim. [ 2 marks]
3
set 5

7 (a) The following information is about matter.


Maklumat berikut adalah tentang jirim.

 Matter exists in three physical states


 Jirim wujud dalam tiga keadaan fizik.
 Matter can undergo change in physical state when the temperature change.
 Jirim boleh mengalami perubahan keadaan fizik apabila berlakunya
perubahan suhu.

(iv) What is meant by matter?


State three physical states of matter
Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan jirim?
Nyatakan ketiga-tiga keadaan fizik jirim. [ 2 marks]

(v) Explain the observation and state of matter change process happens when:
Terangkan pemerhatian serta proses perubahan keadaan jirim yang berlaku
apabila :

 Solid iodine is heated.


 pepejal iodin dipanaskan
 Bromine vapour is cooled.
 wap bromin disejukkan [ 8 marks]

(b) Acetamide is an organic compound. At room temperature and pressure, acetamide exist in solid state.
Its melting point less than 100oC.
Asetamida merupakan suatu sebatian organik. Pada suhu dan tekanan bilik, asetamida
berada dalam keadaan pepejal. Takat leburnya kurang daripada 100oC.

Describe an experiment how you could determine the melting point of acetamide in laboratory. Your
description should include diagram of set-up of apparatus, sketch of graph and method to determine
melting point.
Huraikan satu eksperimen bagaimana anda dapat menentukan takat lebur asetamida dalam makmal.
Huraian anda hendaklah mengandungi gambar rajah susunan radas, lakaran graf dan cara takat
lebur ditentukan. [10 marks]

set 6
7 (a) Diagram 7.1 shows the electron arrangement, number of protons and number of neutrons in an atom of
element W.
Rajah 7.1 menunjukkan susunan elektron, bilangan proton dan bilangan neutron dalam atom unsur W.

Nucleus /
Nukleus :
p = 11
n = 12
4
Diagram / Rajah 7.1

(i) Write the electron arrangement for the atom of element W.


Tuliskan susunan elektron bagi atom unsur W. [1 mark]

(ii) Another element Y is located in the same group with element W. Its atom has 20 neutrons and four
shells filled with electrons.
Suatu unsur lain, Y berada dalam kumpulan yang sama dengan unsur W. Atomnya mempunyai 20
neutron dan empat petala berisi elektron. A
Write the symbol of the atom in the form of Z X
Tuliskan simbol atom dalam bentuk [2 marks]

(iii) The following information is related to element Z.


Maklumat berikut berkaitan dengan unsur Z.

 Grey solid with shiny surface.


Pepejal kelabu dengan permukaan berkilau.
 React with water to produce
hydrogen gas.
Bertindak balas dengan air menghasilkan gas hidrogen.
 Atom of element Z has two
shells filled with electrons.
Atom unsur Z mempunyai dua petala berisi elektron.
 Able to conduct electricity and
Based on the information, draw the structure of electron arrangement for atom of element Z.
Berdasarkan maklumat itu, lukiskan gambar rajah susunan elektron bagi atom unsur Z. [2 marks]
(b) Rajah 7.2 menunjukkan graf pemanasan bahan J. Bahan J ialah serbuk yang mudah terbakar.
Temperature / 0C
Suhu / 0C

200

120

60
Time/ minutes
Masa / minit
t1 t2 t3
Diagram / Rajah 7.2

(i) Berapakah takat lebur bahan J? Terangkan mengapa suhu tidak berubah semasa pemanasan dari masa
t1 hingga t2 minit.
[3 marks]

(ii) Huraikan perubahan-perubahan yang berlaku dari segi keadaan fizik, susunan dan gerakan zarah-
zarah serta daya antara zarah-zarah bahan J semasa ia dipanaskan daripada suhu 60 0C kepada 200 0C.
[4 marks]

(iii) Huraikan bagaimana eksperimen dijalankan untuk mendapat graf seperti Rajah 7.2 [8 marks]
5

set 9
1 Table 1 shows proton number and the number of neutrons for atom P, Q, R and S.
Jadual 1 menunjukkan nombor proton dan bilangan neutron bagi atom P, Q, R dan S.
Atom Proton number Number of neutrons
Atom Nombor proton Bilangan neutron
P 3 4
Q 16 17
R 16 16
S 19 20

TABLE / JADUAL 1.1


(a) (i) What is meant by the proton number?
Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan nombor proton?

…………………………………………………………………………….........................[ 1 mark]
(ii) State the nucleon number of atom P?
Nyatakan nombor nukleon bagi atom P?

…………………………………………………………………………….........................[ 1 mark]
A
(b) Represent atom Q in the form of X
Z
A
Tuliskan simbol bagi atom Q dalam bentuk X
…………………………………………………………………………………………………[ Z 1 mark]
(c) Which atoms have the same number of valence electrons?
Atom manakah mempunyai bilangan elektron valens yang sama?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………[ 1 mark]
(d) (i) Which atoms are isotopes?
Atom-atom manakah merupakan isotop?

……………………………………………………………………………........................[ 1 mark]
(ii) State a reason for your answer in (e) (i).
Nyatakan satu sebab bagi jawapan anda di (e) (i).

……………………………………………………………………………........................[ 1 mark]
(e) Figure 1.2 shows a graph of temperature against time of element S when it is heated until it boils.
o
Temperature/
Rajah C
1.2 menunjukkan graf suhu melawan masa bagi pemanasan unsur S sehingga ia mendidih.
o
Suhu/ C
F

D E
777

B C
63

A
Time /s
Masa/s
t1 t2 t3 t4
FIGURE/RAJAH 1.2
6

(i) What is the melting and boiling points of element S?


Apakah takat lebur dan didih unsur S?

Melting point/takat lebur : ……………………………………………………

Boiling point/takat didih : ……………………………………………………. [ 1 mark]

(ii) Complete the table below by state the physical state of substance Y at the section mentioned.
Lengkapkan Jadual di bawah dengan menyatakan keadaan fizik bahan Y pada bahagian yang
dinyatakan

Section Physical state


Bahagian Keadaan fizik
AB

DE
[ 1 mark]

(iii) Explain why the temperature remains constant from t1 to t2?


Terangkan mengapa suhu tidak berubah daripada t1 ke t2?

………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………….
[ 2 marks]
SET 11

1 The following is information about substance X.


Maklumat berikut ialah tentang bahan X

 Solid at room temperature


Pepejal pada suhu bilik
 Melting point is 80 0C
Takat lebur ialah 80 0C
 Highly flammable.
Mudah terbakar

In an experiment to determine the melting point of substance X , a boiling tube containing solid X is heated
using a water bath until its temperature is above its melting point.
Dalam satu eksperimen untuk menentukan takat lebur bagi bahan X , tabung didih
yang mengandungi pepejal X dipanaskan menggunakan kukus air sehingga suhunya
di atas takat lebur.

(a) Draw and label a diagram of apparatus that is used in the experiment.
Lukis dan labelkan gambar rajah susunan radas yang digunakan dalam eksperimen itu

[ 2 marks]
7

(b) What is meant by melting point?


Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan takat lebur?

………………………………………………………………………………………………... [ 1 mark]
(c ) What is the purpose of using water bath in the experiment?
Apakah tujuan menggunakan kukus air dalam eksperimen itu.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………[ 1 mark]
(d) Draw the arrangement of particles of substance X at 40 0C and 900C respectively.
Lukiskan susunan zarah bagi bahan X pada suhu 400C and 900C masing-masing.

[ 2 marks]
40 0 C 90 0 C

(e) Sketch a graph of temperature against time during the heating. Mark on the graph to indicate the
melting point of substance X.
Lakarkan graf suhu melawan masa semasa pemanasan. Tandakan pada graf untuk menunjukkan
takat lebur bahan X.

[ 3 marks]
(f) Suggest the name of substance X.
Cadangkan nama bahan X.

…………………………………………………………………………………………..[ 1 mark]

set 12
1. Table 1 shows proton number and nucleon number for atom W, X and Y.
Jadual 1 menunjukkan nombor proton dan nombor nukleon bagi atom W, X dan Y.

Atom Proton number / Nucleon number /


Nombor Proton Nombor Nukleon
W 11 23
X 17 35
Y 17 37
8
TABLE / JADUAL 1

(a) (i) What is meant by proton number?


Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan nombor proton ?

...............................................................………………………………...............................................................[1 mark]
(ii) What is the number of neutron in atom W ?
Apakah bilangan neutron dalam atom W?
...............
..........................……………………………………….............................................................................................................[1 mark]
(b) Which atoms are isotopes? Explain why.
Atom – atom yang manakah adalah isotop? Jelaskan mengapa.

.................................................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................................................[2 marks]

(c) Write the electron arrangement of atom X .


Tuliskan susunan elektron bagi atom X.

................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(d) (i) Draw the electron arrangement of atom Y. In your diagram , show the
number of proton and the number of neutron in the nucleus.
Lukiskan susunan elektron atom Y. Dalam rajah anda, tunjukkan bilangan proton dan bilangan neutron dalam
nukleus.

[2 marks]

(ii) What is the number of valence electron of atom Y?


Apakah bilangan elektron valen bagi atom Y?
.......................
.........................................................................................
[1 mark]
(iii) Write the formula of ion Y.
Tuliskan formula ion Y.

....................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

A
(e) Write the symbol of atom X in the form of Z X.
A
Tuliskan simbol bagi atom X dalam bentuk Z X.
.................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
9

set 11 p3

1. An experiment was carried out to determine the freezing point of liqiud X. A boiling tube
contain molten X at 95 oC was allowed to cool in a conical flask to room temperature.The temperature of X
was recorded every 30 seconds intervals.
Figure 1 shows the reading of the thermometer for this experiment.
Satu eksperimen telah dijalankan untuk menentukan takat beku cecair X. Satu tabung didih yang
mengandungi leburan X pada suhu 95 oC diletakkan kelalang kon dan dibiarkan menyejuk dalam
keadan suhu bilik. Suhu direkod setiap 30 saat.

FIGURE 1
1(a)
(a) Record the temperature at each time interval in the spaces provided in Figure 1.
Catatkan bacaan suhu bagi setiap sela masa dalam ruangan yang disediakan dalam rajah 1
[ 3 marks ]
10

(b) On the graph paper below, draw the graph of temperature against time for the cooling of X.
Pada kertas graf di bawah, lukiskan graf suhu melawan masa bagi penyejukan X 1(b)
[ 3 marks ]

1(c)
© On the graph in (b), determine the freezing point of X. Show on the graph how you
determine this freezing point.
Pada graf di(b) tentukan takat beku X. Tunjukkan pada graf bagaimana anda tentukan
takat beku. [ 3 marks ]
(d ) How does the graph in (b) show the freezing point of X ?
Pada graf di(b) bagaimanakah ia menunjukkan takat beku X. 1(d)

...............................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................

[ 3 marks ]
(e) The temperature of X did not change from the 90th second until the 150th second during
the cooling process. Expalain why.
Suhu X tidak berubah dari saat ke 90 hingga saat ke 150 semasa process penyejukan.
Terangkan mengapa.

................................................................................................................................................
1(e)
................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................
[ 3 marks ]

(f) Why was the boiling tube placed in the conical flask during the cooling process?
Mengapakah tabung didih diletakkan dalam kelalang kon semasa proses penyejukan?
1(f)
............................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................[ 3 marks ]
Total

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