Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • Sample of Written Assisgnment

    Uploaded by

    hessian123
    29 views1,002 pages
    ICE written

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document
    ICE written

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    29 views1,002 pages

    Sample of Written Assisgnment

    Uploaded by

    hessian123
    ICE written

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 1002
    Financial F1_The financial implications of decisions made by civil engineers Fi-1to2 Compare the adv and dis-adv of Fi-1to5 Financial Implication of decisions as Designers and Contractors F1-6to7 Financial Implication of decisions as Designers and Contractors [| Fl-8to 12 Financial Implication of decisions as Designers and Contactors F2_ Whole life asset management " F3_Budget management : F3-1t04 Procedure to be followed in submitting and adjudicating a CLAIM. F3-5 106 Procedure to be followed in submitting and adjudicating a CLAIM. F3-7109 Procedure to be followed in submitting and adjudicating a CLAIM F3-10 to 12 Budget Overruns & Late Completion, Dise. reasons & solutions. F3-13 014 Budget Overruns & Late Completion, Disc. reasons & solutions. F3-15 t0 21 Budget Overruns & Late Completion, Dise, reasons & solutions. F3-22 0 23 Budget Overruns & Late Completion, Disc, reasons & measures to avoid 3-24 10 25 Dise how to manage cost estimation & subquent budgetary control, F4_ Cost control FS_Private finance F6_ The finaneing of infrastructure development F6-1 104 ‘Advantages & Disadvantages of Financing infra. dev. fr Public & Private source F6-5 106 ‘Advantages & Disadvantages of Financing infia. dev. fr Public & Private source F7_ Operational and maintenance cost analysis F8_Estimating/tendering F9_Payment & Compensation Management M1_Re-thinking Construction, M2_ Quality, Health Safety & Welfare and environmental management systems M3_Effective delegation M3-1 to 19 Delegation of responsibility to the lowest possible level is often quoted as essential for efficient management. Discuss how effect delegation can be achieved in an engincering organization, M3 20 to 24 In the ICE Conditions. Of Contract (both 5 and 6" Edition) there is scope under Clause 2 for the Engineer to delegate many of his powers to the Engineer’s Representative, What are the benefits of doing this, and in what circumstances should an Engineer vary the level of delegation during the construction period. M4_Team leadership Mé-1 to 8 Many Civil Eny become leaders of their organization. Discuss the qualities which neers would call themselves managers but few make a manager into a leader. ition during the design and construction of civil engineering works, MS-I to 30 Discuss the importance of effective communication during the design and construction of civil engineering works, and the methods by which they may be achieved, M6_ Training/development of staff M7_Partnering/ Alliances MS_Business improvement M9_ Marketing M10_Site/Project management Societal S1_ Equality and Diversity in the UK in relation to the construction industry Sustainable development 82-1 to3 Infrastructure sustains ci destroying the natural environment, Discuss the conflict between ized life, yet the public perceives as the aspirations of the public for a civilized life and the mi f the natural environment, S2-4 108 How can public attitudes be changed to support the move towards sustainable development $3_Influencing local, national and international political decisions. 83-1 103 Discuss circumstance under which the infrastructure of the locality in which a project is to be built might be permitted to influence (Engineering Decision) $3-4 10 5 Discuss circumstance under which the infrastructure of the locality in which a project is to be built might be permitted to influence (Engineering Decision) $3-6 to 8 Discuss circumstance under which the infrastructure of the locality in which a project is to be built might be permitted to influence (Engineering Decision) | S4_The influence of recent international events on civil engineering S5_The role of the Institution S6_ Overseas Aid 57_Institution’s Rules for Professional Conduct S7-1 to2 Discuss whether Institution’s Rule for Professional Conduct are sfill relevant to today’s trading conditions S8_Health & Safety management S8-1 to 3 Disc the responsibility for safety on construction sites of the Employer, his professional representatives, the contractor's staff and the workforce. S8-4 to 8 Disc the responsibility for safety on construction sites of the | Employer, his professional representatives, the contractor’s staff and the workforce, $8-9 to 11 Give an outline of the principal regulations that govern good health and safety practice on construction sites. How should site be managed to ensure that these regulations are complied with? What conditions influence a well-managed site in health and safety terms? §8-12 to 15 Disc the role of a civil engineer in construction site s fety. S8-16 to 19 How should designers of Civil Engineering Works take account of Safety during construction and the ultimate use of the wroks, S8-20 to 21 Industrial relations affect activities on a construction site. How they influence flexibility in working practices, incentive schemes, quality of works and safety? S8-22 to.24 Describe the duties under current Health & Safety at Work Act that may, in various circumstances, apply to the Client, Professional adviser, the main contractor, sub-contractors, employees and the self-employed. $8-25 to 28 Safety record of the construction industry as poor as it frequently suggested? What steps do you consider should be taken by the industry to improve the present situation? $9_Aesthetical and environmental issues in civil engineering S10_ Health, safety and welfare during the design, construction, maintenance, operation and subsequent removal of the works S10-1 to7 $10-8 to 11 How should designers of Civil Engineering Works take account of health, safety and welfare during construction, maintenance operation and subsequent removal of the works? Give an outline of the principal regulations that govem good health and safety practice on construction sites. How should site be managed to ensure that these regulations are complied with? | What conditions influence a well-managed site in health and safety terms? (Same $8-9-11) $10-12 to 15 Discuss the merits of an integrated quality, health and safety, and environmental management system to meet the needs of the customer. §10-16 to 18 Discuss the merits of an integrated quality, health and safety, and environmental management system to meet the needs of the customer. $10-19 to 23 Identify & Discuss the factors which should be assessed to ensure | a well-managed site in terms of health, safety and welfare? (Similar to $10-8-11) S11_ Environmental impact of construction projects S11-1 04 How should be environmental impacts of public works projects be assessed and how can this be taken into account in the evaluation of the merits of such projects, S11-5to 9 How should be environmental impacts of public works projects be assessed and how can this be taken into account in the evaluation of the merits of such projects. S11-10 to 13 & S11-14 to 16 & so on pages How should be environmental impacts of public works projects be assessed and how can this be taken into account in the evaluation of the merits of such projects. To what extent should be evaluation include public consultation procedures? S11-17 to 21 Engineers have 2 responsibility to ensure that designs are aesthetically pleasing and environmentally acceptable as well as functional. Discuss $11-22to 41 Discuss the importance of environmental to a civil engineering, S11-41 to 63 How should the environmental impact of public works projects be assessed and how can this be taken into account in the evaluation of the merits of such project S11-41 1063 How should the environmental impact of public works projects be assessed and how can this be taken into account in the evaluation of the merits of such project $11-641068 Civil engineers create the infrastructure which sustains civilize life, yet the public often perceives constmiction projects as destroying the natural environment, Discuss the conflict between the aspirations of the public for a civilized life and the maintenance of the natural, S11-69t073 Discuss. the environmental consideration in design and construction of a waterworks project. S12_Status of the civil engineer in society S12-1 to 14 Role of civil engineers in the community $]2-15 to 20 Responsible experience is necessary for engineers to become Chartered outline the basic expertise required by a newly chartered civil engineer $12-21 to22 Good functional design satisfies the eye of the beholder. Discuss $12-23 to 28 Discuss the important of site experience to a design engineer | $12-29 1036 Infrastructure has become a by-word in debates on employment and capital investment. Explain the importance of the infrastructure and the role of civil engineers in its creation and maintenance, $12-37 to 48 Discuss the merits and dis alternative proposals design of works. What procedures would you recommend for the adv of allowing contractors to submit wolving modifications 10 the Engineer's submission and assessment such alternatives. $1249 to 60 The way in which engineers handle their data is fo central importance to their efficiency and effectiveness. ‘Commercial C1_ Methods of funding and procuring of construction projects Cl-1 t0 26 How would you as a promoting client select and direct professional adviser and contractors. C1-27 to 28 Write brief note on the role of responsibility of clients, consultants and contractors in the civil engineering contracts within the public or private sector. C2_Forms of contract for civil engineering works C2-1t04 How is management contracting used in the civil engineering industry? What are the adv and drawbacks of these arrangements? C2-5 to 6 Risks is inherent in most civil engineering works. Discuss the ways in which such risks can affect the Employer and the Contractor, and how they can influence the form of contract and the contract price. C2-7 to 8 ‘Compare management contracting with other more traditional systems, Discuss what benefits and dis-ady management contracting may have for the client, C2-9 to 21 Discuss the adv and dis-adv of a design, build, finance and operate contract. €2-22 to 31 Describe the need for a Form of Contract for civil engineering works, Comment an=on a type of contract you have used and its value to the signatories, (C3_Joint venture contracts C3-1 to2 “Many large construction projects nowadays are undertaken by JV. Describe the adv and dis-adv C4_Risk analysis C5_Target cost contracts C6_Partnering/ Alliances C7_Supply ain management Technical / Academic T_ Research and Development T1-l (all) Most industry requires research and development (R&D) to improve end product and maximum profitability. What ‘improvements would you recommended for R&D in the construction industry 12_ Knowledge transfer 13_ The professional development of civil engineers T3-1 (all) Continuing Professional Development (CPD) is the systematic maintenance, improvement and broadening of knowledge and skill, and the development of personal qualities. Discuss the benefits to be derived, with examples of CPD. 14_ Performance specifications \_ National and international regulations on the control of pollution. 16__ The role of an engineer as a specialist or a generalist T6-1 to 12 Identify the area in which disagreement between a resident Engineer's staff and the contractor's staff may develop? How can ‘good relations be achieved between these parties? IIlustrate where possible from your own experience, 6-13 to 41 duties and responsibility of a resident engineer T6-42 10 45 Discuss the role of engineer in a major civil engineering contract T7_ Quality Management T7-1106 compare QA and QC T7-7 to 22 compare QA and QC. What are the benefits of quality assurance to the client, the designer and the contractor? ‘TS_ Infrastructure maintenance Type of project PL waterworks PL-lto4 Deseribe the planning and design of a fresh water supply system P2road and drainage P21 108 Design construction and maintenance of rigid pavement 2-9 t0 13, Discuss the planning and design consideration for a road and | drainage project P2-14 to 16 Describe the problems during construction in road widening project in urban area with particular reference to your own experience | P3 Bridge P3-1 to 3 Describe and critically evaluate the suitability of the current | design and construction techniques used for post-tensioned bridge in HK P3-4 10 8 The planning, design and construction of bridges in HK P3-9 to 12 Design and construction of pre-stressed concrete bridge P3-13 to 18 Design consideration of a highway bridge project P4 Disable design construction [ P4110 4 Civil engineers are required by law to provide for disabled people in design and construction, Discuss the background and implications P5 Geotechnical P5-1 103 Discuss the design considerations for steel H-pile foundation P5410 6 Discuss the design and construction of retaining walls P5-7108 Construction of retaining walls 5 P5.9t0 10 Classification of Retaining walls P5-11 to 15 Discuss the matters considered in camying out the design of a | piled foundation with particular emphasis on the choice of pile type P6 temporary works P6-1 103 What are the responsibilities of the engineer in connection with temporary works designed and constructed by the contractor? How should the engineer discharge these responsibilities? P6-4 10.21 What are the responsibilities of the engineer in connection with temporary works designed and constructed by the contractor? How should the engineer discharge these responsibilities? P1 Sewerage PTLt03 Deseribe the design of a storm water drainage and sewage system P7-4 t07 “Discuss the design of a sewer in urban area P7-8t0 11 Design of storm water drains in urban area /P7-1210 15° Discuss the considerations for planning a drainage channel as @ mitigation measure against flooding Q2/95 An understanding of the financial implication of decisions made by civil engineers as designers and contractors is crucial. Discuss. INTRODUCTION Civil engineers need to make a lot of decisions throughout his daily works irrespective he is in the position as a designer or in the position as a contractor, In decision making process, civil engineers have to make his professional judgement and apply his technical knowledge. Different ways to tackle a problem would have different financial implications and would have different effects to the promoter or the contractor. ‘The objective of most promoters is to have a work done which fulfill al their requirements. with good workmanship but using minimum cost. If financial implications are not appreciated by engineers, financial control will lose and incur additional inonetary burden for the promoter AS DESIGNERS: The Government is required to carry out capital work projects from time to time to satisfy the development need of the society. A resource allocation system is being run to ensure that projects to be carried out is indeed having the real need and the limited resources are allocated in the best way. If civil engineers do not exercise their professional knowledge in designing cost effective works and control the expenditure during implementation of the works, it will result that resource spent cannot be fully utilized. The society thus would not receive the optimum benefit and other social welfare will be deprived. Civil engineers should make a cots effective design. In some cases, though the budget is met, the work may have a high maintenance cost. Hence designers have to understand the mutual relationship or conflicts between construction cost and maintenance cost. A good design should have a balance between both of them, Understanding of the cost factor in different construction methods or in using different ind of material is essential for civil engineers. ‘The standard set may sometimes based on personal judgement. Hence experience backup is essential. Sometime, it is hard to judge whether a design is really cost effective or not, Use a highway project as an example. The aim of the project is to link up Town A and Town B which are separated by mountains. Option 1 is to construct a 5 km road which alignment are lying on nature hill slopes. ‘The estimated cost is 50 million. Option 2 is similar to Option 1 but the route is reduced to 4 km by cutting and filling on the hill slope but the construction cost is increased to 100 million. Moreover the ‘maintenance cost is higher in Option 2. If the promoter is considering the maximum economical benefit to the country, obviously Option 2 is flavoured. However if the promoter is just looking for an ‘emergence route of which using rate is not high, Option 1is flavoured. ‘This illustrates that civil engineers should fully understand the promoter's requirements before finalizing the decision. But the fact is that sometimes the objective of projects are not well defined and civil engineers have to made his own judgement in selecting a suitable option. Hence civil engineers must understand well what implications exist. vf AS CONTRACTORS ‘The contractor's main objective in executing a contract is making profit for his shareholders. Within this parameter the good contractor will try to provide the works to a high standard of workmanship and on due time. This enhances his reputation and is obviously a matter of sound policy As contractors are looking for profit and goodwill, every step taken and every decision made by civil engineers in a contractor firm are related to the profit of the contractor. Since optimization of profit is the main objective, civil engineers are sensitive to the financial implication of all the events involved in construction activities. Both good technical experience and good managerial skill are essential for civil engineers to achieve a high profit target. A site agent directs the labourers and foremen on site, makes arrangement of the daily works and plans for the construction programme. He has to wisely arrange and make use of the resource available in the contractor firm such that the work can be done with the minimum expenditure. Ifa site agent do not notice the financial implication of the decision he made, whatever the works can be finished in time the profit would be reduced. Sub-contracting is a tool to spread the risk to others by reducing the profit margin. However the main contractor has to examine the ability of the sub-contractors to ensure that the sub-contractors have adequate experience and resource to finish the works on time because the final contractual obligation is rest with the main contractor. If the works are delayed, the goodwill of the main contractor will be damaged. Modem large scale construction projects are usually take the form of design and build contract, Contractors have to carry out a design which is suitable for their experience and resource, otherwise the tender would not be competitive. Hence civil engineers of contractors should also possess the talent and qualities as designers and understand the cost elements in design. This is essential because a completive design is needed for a successful tender and for the profit of the contractor. ‘Therefore, it is clear that every decision made by contractors are profit related and an understanding of those implications is crucial. TRAINING ‘Training should be provided for the building up of such knowledge for civil engineers. ‘The training should be started in the undergraduate stage so that university students can have the basic knowledge foundation. After they joined the profession as a graduate engineer, on-the-job training can brush up their mind in the sense of financial matter, construction methods to be used, cost estimation and preparing construction programme. Upon the chartered status is achieved, continuing updated of the knowledge is also required. ‘CONCLUSION Different decision would have different financial implication in the construction industry. ‘Understanding of such implications is crucial for both designers and contractors. Irrespective what role civil engineers play, they should be sensitive to financial matters and shall have the ability to make an appropriate decision. Training in financial matters can be provided to engineers for the build of such knowledge and continuous education is required to update the mind. (1032 words) Ur Institution of Civil Engineers An understanding of the financial implications of decisions made by civil engineers as designers and contractors is crucial. Discuss. 4.0 Introduction Civil engineers need to make alot of decisions throughout his daily works imespective he is in the position as a designer or in the position as a contractor. In decision making process, civil engineers have to ‘make his professional judgement and apply his technical knowledge. Different ways to tackle a problem would have different financial implications and would have different effects to the promoicr or the contractor. The objective of most promoters is to have a work done with good. workmanship but using the ‘minimum cos. If financial implications are not appreciated by engineers, financial contol wil lose and incur auditonal monetary burden forthe promoter. 20 As designers The Govemment is required to carry out capital work projects from time to time to satisfy the development need of the society. A resoure allocation system is bemg run o ensure that projects to be carticd out is indeed having the real need and the limited resources are allocated in the best way. If civil engineers do not exercise their professional knowledge in designing cost effective works and control the expenditure durin implementation of the works, it will result that resouree spent cannot be fully uilized, The society thus would not receive the optimum benefit and other social welfare will be deprived. Civil engineers should make a cost effective design. In some cases, though the budget is met, the work ‘may have a high maintenance cost. Hence designers have to understand the mutual relationship or conflicts ‘between construction cost and maintenance cost, A good design should have a balance between both of ther, ‘Understanding ofthe cost factor in doing different kind of works or in using different kind of material is a must for civil engineers. The standard set may sometimes based on personal judgement, Hence experience Dackup are essential ‘Sometime, itis hard to judge whether ad really cost effective or not. Use a highway project as, an example, The aim of the project is to link up Town A and Town B which are separated by mountains. Option 1 is to construct a 5 km road which alignment are lying on natural hill slopes. The estimated cost is $0 million. Option 2is similar to Option 1 but the route is reduced to 4 km by cutting and filling on the hill slopes ‘but the constriction cost is increased to 100 million, Moreover the maintenance cost is higher in option 2, If the promoter is considering the maximum economical benefit to the county, obviously option 2 is flavoured, However if the promoter is just looking for an emergence route of which using rate is not high, option | is flavoured. This illustrates that civil engineers should fully understand what the promoter is looking, for before finalizing the decision. But the fact is that sometimes the objective of projects are not well defined and civil engineers have to made his own judgement in selecting a suitable option. Hence civil engincers must understand well what implications exis. 3.0 Ascontractors ‘The contractor's object in executing a contract is profit for his shareholders, Within this parameter the ‘g0od contractor will endeavour to provide the works to a high standard of workmanship and in due time, This ‘enhances his reputation and is obviously a matter of sound policy. As contraciors are looking for profit and goodwill. Every step taken and every decision made by civil ‘engineers ina contractor firm are related to the profit ofthe contractor. Since optimization of profit is the main objective, civil engincers are sensitive to the financial implication of all the events involved in construction activities. Both good technical experience and good managerial skill are essential for civil engineers to achieve ahigh profit target. (0199;ce04. doe = Tof2- Institution of Civil Engineers AA site agent directs the labourers and foremen on site, makes arrangement of the daily works and plans for the works programme. He has to wisely arrange and make use of the resource available in the ‘contractor firm such that the work can be done with the minimam expenditure. Ifa site agent is not understand the financial implication of the decisions he made, whatever the works can be finished in time the profit would not be high. ‘Sub-contractng isa tool to spread the risk to others by reducing the profit margin. However the main contractor has to examine the ability of the sub-contractors to make sure the sub-contractors have adequate experience and resource to Finish the works in tine. This is important because the final contractual obligation is rest with the main contractor and ifthe contract is delayed, the goodwill ofthe contractor will be damaged. Modem large scale construction projects are usually take the form of design and build contract, Contractors have to carry out a design, which is suitable for their experience and resourve, otherwise the tender ‘would not be competitive. Hence civil engincers of contractors should also possess the talent and qualities as

    You might also like