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FOUNDATION GRADUATION PROJECT YEAR 2016
2
FOUNDATION GRADUATION PROJECT │ TABLE OF CONTENTS
3
UNIT
SKELETON STRUCTURE
1 FOUNDATION
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Floor Height
Basement 2.7 m
Commercial 3m
Residential 3m
𝑇 = 0.09 𝐻 /√𝐵
“ ”
"
“ "
> <
>
>
" "
"
" "
𝑞 = 70 𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚2 (Cairo)
𝐶𝑓 = 0.8 + 0.5 = 1.3
2. CHECK BUCKLING
Case Of Column Joint (C),K=1.0
𝑯𝟎 𝒌 2.8 ∗ 1.0
𝝀𝒙 = = = 9.3 < 10 (𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡 𝐶𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛)
𝒕 0.3
𝑯𝟎 𝒌 2.8 ∗ 1.0
𝝀𝒀 = = = 6.4 < 10 (𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡 𝐶𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛)
𝑩 1.0
𝑀𝑥𝑎𝑑𝑑 = 𝑀𝑦𝑎𝑑𝑑 = 0
2. SECTION DESIGN
𝑀 9.35
𝑒= = = 0.029 < 0.05 𝑡 = 0.05 𝑚
𝑁 311.9
Neglect Moment and Design section As Column
𝑷𝒖 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟓 𝑭𝒄𝒖 ∗ 𝑨𝒄 + 𝟎. 𝟔𝟕 𝑭𝒚 ∗ 𝑨𝒔
Max P (Ultimate) Max M22 (EQ) Max M33 (EQ) Section Design
Col.
Label
Pu M22 M33 Pu M22 M33 Pu M22 M33 B T
Bars No.
ton m.ton m.ton ton m.ton m.ton ton m.ton m.ton cm cm
qp(kg/cm2)
SAMPLETYPE
DEPTH(m)
F.S. (%)
RQD(%)
LAYEREND
LEGEND
S.P.T
CR(%)
SOILDESCRIBTION P.L. L.L.
1
FILL(sand , brick pieces ,clay)
2 2
3
1.4 35 70
4
CLAY stiff, Silty ,brown
5
1.6
6
7
1.6
8
9
1.7
10
11
40 65
1.8
12
13
1.5
14
15
1.6
16
17
17
45
18
SAND graded, traces of silt ,
19 traces of gravel , yellow
>50
20
Silty Stiff Clay Starts From (-2.00) m Blew Ground Level and ends at (-17.00) m.
Silty Graded Sand with traces of gravel starts from (-17.00) level
Ground Water Level at (-5.00) m
𝐶𝑢 = 𝑧𝑒𝑟𝑜
45+55
𝑁𝑎𝑣𝑔 = = 𝟓𝟎°(DENSE SAND)
2
36 ≤ 𝜙 ≤ 40,𝝓 = 𝟑𝟖°
𝐸𝑢 15 ∗ 103
=
𝐶𝑢 𝑃𝐼
40+35 70+65
𝑃𝐿 = = 𝟑𝟕. 𝟓%, 𝐿𝐿 = = 𝟔𝟕. 𝟓%
2 2
𝑃𝐼 = 𝐿𝐿 − 𝑃𝐿 = 67.5 − 37.5 = 𝟑𝟎%
𝐸𝑢 15000
= = 𝟓𝟎𝟎
𝐶𝑢 30
𝐸𝑢 = 𝟒𝟎𝟖. 𝟑 𝒌𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟐
1+𝜐 1 + 0.3
𝐸𝑑 = (1 − 2𝜐)𝐸𝑢 = ∗ (1 − 2 ∗ 0.3) ∗ 408.3 = 𝟑𝟎𝟑. 𝟑𝟔𝟔 𝒌𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟐
1−𝜐 1 − 0.3
𝑬𝒖
= 𝟏𝟓𝟎 = 𝟎. 𝟖 ∗ 𝟏𝟓𝟎 = 𝟏𝟐𝟎𝒌𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟐
𝑪𝒖
1.5.2.2 SAND DEFORMATION PARAMETERS:
𝐸 = 10𝑁𝑎𝑣𝑔 = 10 ∗ 50 = 𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟐
𝛔𝐱 𝟎.𝟓
𝐄 = 𝐅( )
𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝜎𝑥 = 𝜎𝑜 ∗ 𝐾𝑜
𝐾𝑜 = 1 − sin(𝜑) = 1 − sin(38) = 0.384
𝜎𝑜 = 1.7 ∗ 2 + 1.85 ∗ 3 + 0.85 ∗ 12 + 0.9 ∗ 1.5 = 20.5 𝑡/𝑚2
20.5 ∗ 0.384 0.5
𝐸 = 15000 ∗ ( ) = 420.85 𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚2
100
500 + 420.85
𝐸𝑎𝑣𝑔 = = 460.425𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚2
2
Assume Dimension of footing for Max Column 3.5x4 m Rested on clay soil
at (-3.70) m
𝜆𝑐 = 𝜆𝑞 = 1 + 0.3𝐵/𝐿
𝜆𝑐 = 𝜆𝑞 = 1 + (0.3 ∗ 3/3) = 1.3
𝜎𝜊 = ∑ 𝛾𝐻
𝑷
𝜟𝝈 =
(𝑨 + 𝒁)(𝑩 + 𝒁)
𝜟𝝈
Z(m) ∆𝜹 (𝒕/𝒎𝟐 ) 𝝈𝝄 ∆𝜹 (𝒕/𝒎𝟐 ) 𝝈𝝄
𝟏
𝑺= 𝜟𝝈 𝑯 (For Finite Layer)
𝑬
Δ𝑒 0.653 − 0.65
𝐶𝑟 = = = 0.036
Δ𝑙𝑜𝑔𝜎 log(6) − log(5)
𝑪𝒓 𝜟𝝈 + 𝝈𝒐
𝑺= ∗ 𝑯 ∗ 𝒍𝒐𝒈 ( )
𝟏 + 𝒆𝟎 𝝈𝟎
𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝜎0 + ∆𝜎 > 𝜎𝑐 𝜎0 < 𝜎𝑐
𝒄𝒓 𝝈𝑪 𝑪𝑪 𝜟𝝈 + 𝝈𝒐
𝒔= ∗ 𝑯 ∗ 𝒍𝒐𝒈 ( ) + ∗ 𝑯 ∗ 𝒍𝒐𝒈 ( )
𝟏 + 𝒆𝟎 𝝈𝟎 𝟏 + 𝒆𝟎 𝝈𝒄
𝟏
𝑺= 𝜟𝝈 𝑯 (For Finite Layer)
𝑬
Σ 𝑆𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑛𝑡 = 0.012 𝑚
CONSOLIDATION SETTTLEMENT IN CLAY
𝑷𝒖 𝑨𝑭𝒂𝒄𝒕 𝑨𝒇
𝑐𝑚 𝑐𝑚 𝑡𝑜𝑛 𝑚2 𝑚 𝑚 𝑚2
𝑞𝑢 = (8.0 ∗ 5.7 ∗ 1.174) + (1.7 ∗ 2 + 1.85 ∗ 2.2) ∗ 1.174 = 𝟔𝟐. 𝟑𝟎𝟒 𝒕/𝒎𝟐
𝑞𝑛𝑢 = 𝑞𝑢 − 𝛾𝐷 = 62.304 − (1.7 ∗ 2) − (1.85 ∗ 0.7) = 𝟓𝟕. 𝟔𝟎𝟗𝒕/𝒎𝟐
𝑞𝑛𝑢 57.609
𝑞𝑎𝑙𝑙 = = = 𝟐𝟑. 𝟎𝟒 𝒕/𝒎𝟐
𝐹. 𝑆 2.5
∑ 𝑃𝑊 9221.17
𝑞𝑏𝑢𝑖𝑙𝑑 = = = 𝟏𝟐. 𝟔𝟕𝒕/𝒎𝟐
𝐵∗𝐿 20.5∗35.5
𝑃 9221.17
𝜎= = = 12.67𝑡/𝑚2
𝐴 20.5 ∗ 35.5
𝝈𝒔𝒆𝒕𝒕𝒍 ∗ 𝑨 ∗ 𝑩
∆=
(𝑨 + 𝒁)(𝑩 + 𝒁)
1
𝑆𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 2.04 ∗ 3 ∗ = 1.2 ∗ 10−3 𝑚 = 0.12𝑐𝑚
4954.25
H Z ∆𝝈 Settlement
3.2 1.6 7.07 7.45 ∗ 10−3
3.2 4.8 5.6 5.9 ∗ 10−3
3.2 8 4.68 4.93 ∗ 106 − 3
3.2 11.2 3.9 4.11 ∗ 10−3
Use 8T18/m for lower and Upper Main Mesh and additional Steel for
zones needed with min Dev. Length =1.00 meter
DEEP FOUNDATION
2
INTRODUCTION
This Report is about Design for a Bridge Foundation subjected to
vertical and lateral loads using deep Foundation.
𝑷𝒖 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟓 𝑭𝒄𝒖 𝑨𝒄 + 𝟎. 𝟔𝟕 𝑭𝒚 𝑨𝒔
𝑭𝒂𝒍𝒍 −𝑵 𝑴𝑿 𝑴𝒀
= ± 𝒀± 𝑿
𝑨 𝑨 𝑰𝑿 𝑰𝒀
𝑯𝟎 𝒌 7 ∗ 2.2
𝝀𝒙 = = = 7.7 < 10 (𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡 𝐶𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛)
𝒕 2
𝑯𝟎 𝒌 7 ∗ 1.6
𝝀𝒀 = = = 3.73 < 10 (𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡 𝐶𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛)
𝑩 3
𝑀𝑦 2240 𝑀𝑥 1680 𝑀𝑦 𝑀𝑥
= = 11.487 = = 5.69 >
𝑏′ 195 𝑡′ 295 𝑏′ 𝑡′
𝑴𝒚 ′
𝑴′𝒙 = 𝑴𝒚 + ∗𝒕 ∗𝜷
𝒃′
𝑴𝒖𝒔 = 𝑷𝒖 ∗ 𝒆𝒔
𝑡
𝑒𝑠 = 𝑒 + ( − 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟) = 1.35 + ((0.5 ∗ 2) − 0.05) = 2.3 𝑚
2
195
𝐶= 5
= 2.92 (𝒔𝒂𝒇𝒆 𝑪𝒐𝒎𝒑𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏) 𝑱 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟑𝟒
√5336∗10
400∗300
𝑄𝑋 320∗105
𝑞𝑥 = = = 5.47𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚2
𝑏𝑑 300∗195
𝑄𝑦 240∗105
𝑞𝑥 = = = 4.068𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚2
𝑏𝑑 200∗295
2320∗103
𝛿 = 1 + .007 ∗ ( ) = 1.27 < 1.5
300∗195
2320∗103
𝛿 = 1 + .007 ∗ ( ) = 1.27 < 1.5
300∗195
400
𝑞𝑐𝑢 = 1.27 ∗ .75 ∗ √ = 15.55
1.5
𝑞𝑢 = 8𝑡/𝑚2
𝑞𝑢 8
𝐶𝑢 = = = 𝟒𝒕/𝒎𝟐
2 2
∅ = 𝒛𝒆𝒓𝒐
𝜸 = 𝟐𝒕/𝒎𝟑
𝐶𝑢 = 𝑧𝑒𝑟𝑜
𝑁𝑎𝑣𝑔 = 𝟒𝟎° (Dense Sand)
36 ≤ 𝜙 ≤ 40, 𝝓 = 𝟑𝟖°
𝐸𝑢 15 ∗ 103
=
𝐶𝑢 𝑃𝐼
𝑃𝐿 = 𝟑𝟎%, 𝐿𝐿 = 𝟕𝟎%
𝑃𝐼 = 𝐿𝐿 − 𝑃𝐿 = 70 − 30 = 𝟒𝟎%
𝐸𝑢 15000
=
𝐶𝑢 40
𝐸𝑢 = 𝟏𝟓𝟎 𝒌𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟐
1+𝜐 1 + 0.3
𝐸𝑑 = (1 − 2𝜐) 𝐸𝑢 = ∗ (1 − 2 ∗ 0.3) ∗ 150 = 𝟏𝟏𝟐. 𝟓 𝒌𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟐
1−𝜐 1 − 0.3
𝑬𝒖
= 𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝐸𝑢 = 0.4 ∗ 200 = 𝟖𝟎𝒌𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟐 = 800𝑡/𝑚2
𝑪𝒖
𝐸 = 5000𝑡/𝑚2
𝑃𝑤 = 1600 𝑡𝑜𝑛
𝑄𝑥 = 200 𝑡𝑜𝑛
𝑄𝑦 = 150 𝑡𝑜𝑛
𝑀𝑦 = 8.5 ∗ 200 = 1760 𝑚. 𝑡
𝑀𝑥 = 8.5 ∗ 150 = 1275 𝑚. 𝑡
𝑷𝒘 𝑴𝒙 𝒚 𝑴𝒚 𝒙
𝑸𝒑𝒊𝒍𝒆 = − ± ±
𝒏 𝚺𝐲𝟐 𝚺𝐱𝟐
Σx 2 = 19.44 Σy 2 = 51.84
𝑸𝒖 = 𝒒𝒃 ∗ 𝑨𝒃 + 𝒒𝒔 ∗ 𝑨𝒔
𝑄𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 𝐺𝑒 ∗ 𝑛 ∗ 𝑄𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑝𝑖𝑙𝑒 = 0.67 ∗ 6 ∗ 700 = 2814 𝑡𝑜𝑛 > 1600 𝑡𝑜𝑛 (𝑆𝐴𝐹𝐸)
𝐺𝑒 = 0.67 (𝐶𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 𝐶𝑜𝑑𝑒)
𝑺𝒈𝒓𝒐𝒖𝒑 = 𝑺𝒐 √𝑩/𝑫
𝑺𝒐 = 𝑺𝒆 + 𝑺𝒃 + 𝑺𝒔
(A) Elastic Settlement (Se)
𝑳
𝑺𝒆 = (𝑸𝒃 + 𝜶 𝑸𝒔 ) ∗
𝑬𝑨
21.5
𝑆𝑒 = (30.74 + 0.67 ∗ 486.9) ∗ 6
= 2.4 ∗ 10−3 𝑚
2.8 ∗ 10 ∗ 1.13
𝑆𝑜 = 0.0185 𝑚
𝑆𝐺𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑝 = 0.0185√4.8/1.2 = 0.037 𝑚 = 3.7 𝑐𝑚 < 4 𝑐𝑚 (𝑆𝑎𝑓𝑒)
𝟏
𝑺 = ∗ ∆𝝈 ∗ 𝑯
𝑬
𝑷
∆𝝈 =
(𝑨 + 𝒁) ∗ (𝑩 + 𝒁)
1600
∆𝜎 = = 8.48 𝑡/𝑚2
(8.4 + 7.25) ∗ (4.8 + 7.25)
1
𝑆= ∗ 8.48 ∗ 14.5 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟐𝟕 𝒎 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟒𝟔𝒎 = 𝟐. 𝟒𝟔
5000
< 4 𝑐𝑚 (𝑆𝑎𝑓𝑒)
FIGURE (2.3) SETTLEMENT CALCULATION USING EG CODE
𝟐
𝑷𝒂𝒗𝒈 𝒎
𝒗𝒄= 𝝀𝑫 𝑬𝑹𝑰 (𝝈𝑷 ∗ ) ∗ (𝝐𝟓𝟎 )𝒏
𝑬𝑹𝑰
For X-Direction
0.683
0.6
𝑣𝑐 = 1 ∗ 1.22 ∗ 2.8 ∗ 106 ∗ 1 ∗ (16.8 ∗ ) ∗ 0.01−0.22 = 2125.57
2.8 ∗ 106 ∗ 1
𝑣/𝑣𝑐 = 33.33/2123.57 = 0.016
From Chart 𝑌/𝐵 = 0.0075, 𝑌 = .009 𝑚 < 0.02 (𝑆𝑎𝑓𝑒)
For Y-Direction
0.683
2 6
0.516
𝑣𝑐 = 1 ∗ 1.2 ∗ 2.8 ∗ 10 ∗ 1 ∗ (16.8 ∗ 6
) ∗ 0.01−0.22 = 1927.65
2.8 ∗ 10 ∗ 1
𝑣/𝑣𝑐 = 25.0/2027.73 = 0.012
From Chart 𝑌/𝐵 = 0.005, 𝑌. 006 < 0.02 (𝑆𝑎𝑓𝑒)
𝟑
𝑷𝒂𝒗𝒈 𝒎
𝑴𝒄= 𝝀𝑫 𝑬𝑹𝑰 (𝝈𝑷 ∗ ) ∗ (𝝐𝟓𝟎 )𝒏
𝑬𝑹𝑰
For X-Direction
0.46
3 6
0.6
𝑀𝑐 = 1 ∗ 1.2 ∗ 2.8 ∗ 10 ∗ 1 ∗ (16.8 ∗ ) ∗ 0.01−0.15 = 30241.33𝑚. 𝑡
2.8 ∗ 106 ∗ 1
𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 /𝑀𝑐 = 0.004
𝑀max(𝑎𝑣𝑔) = 120.97 m.t for spacing 3D 𝑀𝑀𝐴𝑋 = 1.2 ∗ 120.97 = 145.16𝑚𝑡
For Y-Direction
0.46
3 6
. 516
𝑀𝑐 = 1 ∗ 1.2 ∗ 2.8 ∗ 10 ∗ 1 ∗ (16.8 ∗ 6
) ∗ 0.01−0.15 = 28314.7𝑚𝑡
2.8 ∗ 10 ∗ 1
𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 /𝑀𝑐 = 0.003
𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 84.9 m.t 𝑀𝑀𝐴𝑋 = 1.2 ∗ 84.9 = 101.93𝑚𝑡
𝑲𝒉 ∗ 𝑫 = 𝟑𝟓: 𝟕𝟎 𝑪𝒖
𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝐾ℎ ∗ 𝐷 = 70 𝐶𝑢 = 70 ∗ 4 = 280 𝑡𝑜𝑛/𝑚2
𝐾ℎ = 280 ∗ 1.2/1.2 ∗ 0.5 = 140 𝑡/𝑚/𝑠𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔
Spacing between springs =0.5 m
𝒁
𝑲𝒉 = 𝒏 ∗
𝑫
Label Level (m) K (t/m/spring) Label Level (m) K (t/m/spring) Label Level (m)K (t/m/spring)
1 -9.00 1800 13 -15.00 6000 25 -21.00 8400
2 -9.50 3800 14 -15.50 6200 26 -21.50 8600
3 -10.00 4000 15 -16.00 6400 27 -22.00 8800
4 -10.50 4200 16 -16.50 6600 28 -22.50 9000
5 -11.00 4400 17 -17.00 6800 29 -23.00 9200
6 -11.50 4600 18 -17.50 7000 30 -23.50 9400
7 -12.00 4800 19 -18.00 7200 31 -24.00 9600
8 -12.50 5000 20 -18.50 7400 32 -24.50 9800
9 -13.00 5200 21 -19.00 7600
10 -13.50 5400 22 -19.50 7800
11 -14.00 5600 23 -20.00 8000
12 -14.50 5800 24 -20.50 8200
𝑲𝒗 = 𝒒/𝚫
506.64
𝐾𝑣 = = 27551.1𝑡/𝑚
0.0184
𝑀𝑢 1902.15 ∗ 105
𝑑𝑥 = 𝐶1 √ = 4√ = 232.46 𝑐𝑚
𝑓𝑐𝑢 ∗ 𝐵 400 ∗ (200 + 20)
𝑀𝑢 1297.59 ∗ 105
𝑑𝑦 = 𝐶1 √ = 4√ = 159.19 𝑐𝑚, 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑑 = 200 𝑐𝑚
𝑓𝑐𝑢 ∗ 𝐵 400 ∗ (300 + 20)
𝑃𝑢
𝑞𝑝𝑢 = = (1600 ∗ 1.5 ∗ 103 )/(2 ∗ (200 + 300) ∗ 200)) = 12 𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚
2(𝑎 + 𝑏) ∗ 𝑑
𝐹𝐶𝑈 400
𝑞𝑝 𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤. = √ =√ = 16.32 𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚2
1.5 1.5
2.8.3 CHECK SHEAR
X-Direction
(512.62 + 197.8) ∗ 1.5 ∗ 103 𝑓𝑐𝑢
𝑞𝑠ℎ 𝑢 = = 9.47 𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚2 > 0.5√
250 ∗ (200 + 250) 𝛾𝑐
= 8.16 𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚2 (𝑼𝑵𝑺𝑨𝑭𝑬)
(512.62 + 197.8) ∗ 103 ∗ 1.5
8.16 =
𝑑 ∗ (𝑑 + 250)
𝑑 = 274.96 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒 290
(512.62 + 197.8) ∗ 1.5 ∗ 103
𝑞𝑠ℎ 𝑢 = = 7.49𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚2
290 ∗ (200 + 290)
Y-Direction
𝑁𝑂𝑇 𝑅𝐸𝑄𝑈𝐼𝑅𝐸𝐷 𝐶𝐻𝐸𝐶𝐾 𝑆𝐻𝐸𝐴𝑅
2.8.4 PILE CAP REINFORCEMENT
X-Direction
1902.15 ∗105
290 = 𝐶 √ 𝐶 = 7.2 𝐽 = 0.826
400∗300
1902.15 ∗ 105
𝐴𝑠 = = 220.57𝑐𝑚2
3600 ∗ 0.826 ∗ 290
𝐴𝑠 𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.0015 ∗ 960 ∗ 290 = 417.6 𝑐𝑚2
𝑨𝒔 = 𝟓𝟐𝑻𝟑𝟐 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝟗. 𝟔𝟎 𝒎
Y-Direction
1297.59 ∗105
290 = 𝐶 √ 𝐶 = 8.8 𝐽 = 0.826
400∗300
1297.59 ∗ 105
𝐴𝑠 = = 150.47 𝑐𝑚2
3600 ∗ 0.826 ∗ 290
𝐴𝑠 𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.0015 ∗ 600 ∗ 290 = 261 𝑐𝑚2
𝑨𝒔 = 𝟑𝟐𝑻𝟑𝟐 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝟔. 𝟎𝟎 𝒎
𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑡: 𝜌 = 2
As= 24 T 22
Factors Of Saftey
Stage --- G.L. --- Strut Factor Moment Toe Wall Strut
No. Act. Pass. Elev. of equilib. elev. Penetr force
Safety at elev. -ation t/m run
1 0.00 0.00 Cant. Conditions unsuitable for FoS calc.
2 0.00 0.00 Wall tending to fail from right to left
3 0.00 -4.70 Cant. 1.389 -11.39 -10.76 6.06
𝟐𝟗.𝟑∗𝟏.𝟓∗.𝟕∗𝟏𝟎𝟓
𝟒𝟎 = 𝒄√ 𝑪 = 𝟑. 𝟑 𝒋 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟔𝟗
𝟒𝟎𝟎∗𝟓𝟎
𝟑𝟎.𝟕𝟔𝟓∗𝟏𝟎𝟓
𝑨𝑺 = = 𝟐𝟕. 𝟖𝟕𝒄𝒎𝟐 𝑼𝒔𝒆 𝟏𝟏∅𝟏𝟖
𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎∗.𝟕𝟔𝟗∗𝟒𝟎
(A)Deformation Parameter
𝑬𝒖 𝟏𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎
=
𝑪𝒖 𝑷𝑰
∑𝑞
𝑞𝑢 = = (0.6 + 0.8 + 0.8)/3 = 0.733 𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚2
𝑛
𝜙 = 0.0
𝑃𝐼 = 𝐿. 𝐿 − 𝑃. 𝐿 = 70% − 30% = 40%
𝐶𝑢 = 𝑞𝑢 /2 = 0.733/2 = 0.365 𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚2
𝐸𝑢 = 0.365 ∗ (15000/40) = 136.87 𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚2 = 1368.7 𝑡/𝑚2
𝟏+𝝊
𝑬𝒅 = ∗ (𝟏 − 𝟐𝝊) ∗ 𝑬𝒖
𝟏−𝝊
′
For P. I. = 40%, 𝜙𝑜𝑐 = (45 − 14 log(𝑃. 𝐼. ))
′
𝜙𝑜𝑐 = (45 − 14 log(40)) = 22.57𝑜
′
From Chart: when P.I. =40%, 𝜙𝑜𝑐 = 22.6𝑜
(C)Drained Cohesion:
𝑪′𝒐𝒄 = 𝟎. 𝟏 𝑪𝒖
′
𝐶𝑜𝑐 = 0.1 ∗ 3.65 = 0.365 𝑡/𝑚2
′
From Chart: when 𝐶𝑢 =36.5 (kPa), 𝐶𝑜𝑐 = 3.7 𝑘𝑃𝑎 = 0.37 𝑡/𝑚2
𝑬 = 𝟏𝟎 𝑵𝒂𝒗𝒈
𝝈𝒙 𝟎.𝟓
𝑬=𝑭∗( )
𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝜎𝑥 = 𝜎𝑜 ∗ 𝐾𝑜
𝐾𝑜 = 1 − 𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝜙)
𝐾𝑜 = 1 − SIN(35) = 0.426
𝜎𝑜 = ∑(𝛾ℎ) = (1.95 ∗ 1) + (3 ∗ 0.95) + (3.75 ∗ 0.85) = 7.987 𝑡/𝑚2
𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑜 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: 𝐹 = 15000
7.987 ∗ 0.426 0.5
𝐸 = 15000 ∗ ( ) = 2766.86 𝑡/𝑚2
100
(A)Deformation Parameter
𝑬𝒖 𝟏𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎
=
𝑪𝒖 𝑷𝑰
∑𝑞
𝑞𝑢 = = (0.6 + 0.8 + 0.8)/3 = 0.733 𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚2
𝑛
𝜙 = 0.0
𝑃𝐼 = 𝐿. 𝐿 − 𝑃. 𝐿 = 68% − 31% = 55%
𝐶𝑢 = 𝑞𝑢 /2 = 1.4/2 = 0.7 𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚2
𝐸𝑢 = 0.7 ∗ (15000/55) = 190.9 𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚2 = 1909 𝑡/𝑚2
𝟏+𝝊
𝑬𝒅 = ∗ (𝟏 − 𝟐𝝊) ∗ 𝑬𝒖
𝟏−𝝊
′
For P. I. = 40%, 𝜙𝑜𝑐 = (26 − 31 log(𝑃. 𝐼. ))
′
𝜙𝑜𝑐 = (26 − 3 log(55)) = 20.7𝑜
(C)Drained Cohesion:
𝑪′𝒐𝒄 = 𝟎. 𝟏 𝑪𝒖
′
𝐶𝑜𝑐 = 0.1 ∗ 7.0 = 0.7 𝑡/𝑚2
𝑬 = 𝟏𝟎 𝑵𝒂𝒗𝒈
𝝈𝒙 𝟎.𝟓
𝑬=𝑭∗( )
𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝜎𝑥 = 𝜎𝑜 ∗ 𝐾𝑜
𝐾𝑜 = 1 − 𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝜙)
𝐾𝑜 = 1 − SIN(38) = 0.384
𝜎𝑜 = (1.95 ∗ 1) + (3 ∗ 0.95) + (7.5 ∗ 0.85) + (2.5 ∗ 0.95) + (0.85 ∗ 8) = 20.35 𝑡/𝑚2
𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑜 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: 𝐹 = 15000
20.35 ∗ 0.384 0.5
𝐸 = 15000 ∗ ( ) = 4193.13 𝑡/𝑚2
100
SIDE SUPPORT
SYSTEMS OPTIONS
Advantage Disadvantage
Large straining actions due
No Need for dewatering
to ground water pressure.
system that can affects
Cost Is Extremely large due to
badly on neighborhood
grout injection and heavy
structures (Settlement).
reinforcement.
No water Disposal needed in
Grout injection process is a
sewer system.
complex process.
Advantage Disadvantage
Less Straining Actions acting Dewatering may affects
on system badly on neighborhood
Suitable for larger depth. structures such Settlement.
Less cost and needs less steel Needs suitable sewer
reinforcement and lateral network to dispose of water
supports from dewatering.
Advantage Disadvantage
Dewatering may affects
Less Straining Actions acting badly on neighborhood
on system structures such Settlement.
The least cost compared to Needs suitable sewer
diaphragm wall and needs network to dispose of water
less steel reinforcement and from dewatering.
lateral support. Relatively not recommended
for larger excavation.
Software Report
Stage --- Strut no. 1 --- --- Strut no. 2 --- --- Strut no. 3 ---
no. at elev.-2.00 at elev.-5.00 at elev.-10.00
t/m run t/strut t/m run t/strut t/m run t/strut
4 15.2 42.4 --- --- --- ---
5 15.7 43.8 --- --- --- ---
6 21.5 60.3 --- --- --- ---
7 18.8 52.5 15.2 42.4 --- ---
8 18.4 51.5 16.5 46.3 --- ---
9 25.8 72.3 30.5 85.3 --- ---
12 27.3 76.4 --- --- 1.8 1.8
14 --- --- --- --- slack slack
FIGURE (4.10) MAX BMD ACTING ON WALL SECTION (1-1) PER METER, UNITS (TON-METER)
Software Report
STABILITY ANALYSIS according to Strength Factor method
Factor of safety on soil strength
==========================================================================
Stage --- Strut no. 4 --- --- Strut no. 5 --- --- Strut no. 6 ---
no. at elev.-10.00 at elev.-5.50 at elev.-2.50
t/m run t/strut t/m run t/strut t/m run t/strut
14 21.8 21.8 --- --- --- ---
16 23.3 23.3 24.0 24.0 --- ---
18 20.1 20.1 28.3 28.3 23.7 23.7
FIGURE (4.12) MAX BMD ACTING ON WALL SECTION (2-2) PER METER, UNITS (TON-METER)
Software Report
==========================================================================
FIGURE (4.14) MAX BMD ACTING ON WALL SECTION (3-3) PER METER, UNITS (TON-METER)
TABLE (4.2) PRESUMPTIVE ULTIMATE VALUES OF LOAD TRANSFER FOR PRELIMINART DESIGN OF SMALL
DIAMETER STRAIGTH SHAFT GRAVITY-GROUTED GROUND ANCHORS IN SOIL
𝝓
𝒕𝒂𝒏 (𝟒𝟓 − )
𝑳𝑭𝒓𝒆𝒆 = (𝑯 − 𝑿) ∗ 𝟐 + (𝟎. 𝟏𝑯)
𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽
Check Buckling
𝑅 = √𝐼/𝐴 = √61023.325/267.915 = 15.09
𝑘 ∗ 𝑙 0.65 ∗ 29.69 ∗ 100
𝜆= = = 127.87 100 < 𝜆 < 180
𝑟 15.09
Check Stress
𝑓𝑐 = 7500/𝜆^2 = 7500/127.87 = 0.46 𝑡/𝑐𝑚2
𝑓𝑐 𝑎𝑐𝑡 = 104.36/267.915 = 0.38 𝑡/𝑐𝑚2 (𝑆𝐴𝐹𝐸 𝑆𝑇𝑅𝐸𝑆𝑆)
Secondary -7 -15 -139 13.7 -209 20.55 100 280 10 3.68 0.791 81.59 25 17 14.4 0.826 15 16 8 60 25 30 16
-15 -24 -56.3 4.6 -84.5 6.9 100 280 10 5.79 0.826 31.56 25 7 24.8 0.826 15 16 8 30 25 30 16
0 -7 -70.3 12 -105 18 100 280 10 5.19 0.826 39.4 25 9 15.4 0.826 15 16 8 30 25 30 16
Wall (3)
Secondary -7 -15 -160 3 -239 4.5 100 280 10 3.44 0.778 94.91 25 20 30.7 0.826 15 16 8 60 25 30 16
-15 -24 -73.5 4.7 -110 7.05 100 280 10 5.07 0.826 41.2 25 9 24.6 0.826 15 16 8 30 25 30 16
74
FOUNDATION GRADUATION PROJECT │ UNIT THREE CALCULATION SHEET
Software Report
STABILITY ANALYSIS according to Strength Factor method
Factor of safety on soil strength
Stage --- Strut no. 1 --- --- Strut no. 3 --- --- Strut no. 4 ---
no. at elev.-1.00 at elev.-10.00 at elev.-5.50
t/m run t/strut t/m run t/strut t/m run t/strut
4 27.8 47.3 --- --- --- ---
5 34.1 58.0 --- --- --- ---
9 --- --- slack slack slack slack
10 --- --- slack slack slack slack
FIGURE (4.20) MAX BMD ACTING ON SECANT PILE SECTION (1-1) PER METER, UNITS (TON-METER)
Software Report
STABILITY ANALYSIS according to Strength Factor method
Factor of safety on soil strength
FIGURE (4.22) MAX BMD ACTING ON SECANT PILE SECTION (2-2) PER METER, UNITS (TON-METER)
Software Report
Stage --- Strut no. 1 --- --- Strut no. 3 --- --- Strut no. 4 ---
no. at elev.-2.00 at elev.-8.50 at elev.-5.50
t/m run t/strut t/m run t/strut t/m run t/strut
5 30.2 120.8 --- --- --- ---
9 --- --- slack slack slack slack
10 --- --- slack slack slack slack
FIGURE (4.24) MAX BMD ACTING ON SECANT PILE SECTION (3-3) PER METER, UNITS (TON-METER)
𝜸𝒔𝒂𝒕 𝒉
𝑭. 𝑺𝒖𝒑𝒍𝒊𝒇𝒕 = ≥ 𝟏. 𝟐
𝜸𝒘 𝒉𝒔𝒂𝒇𝒆
𝑹𝒐 = 𝟑𝟎𝟎𝟎 ∗ (𝑯 − 𝒉𝒔𝒂𝒇𝒆 ) ∗ √𝑲
𝑸 𝑹𝒐
𝑯−𝒉= ∗ 𝐥𝐧 ( )
𝟐𝝅𝒌𝑩𝑮 𝒓
𝑾 𝒓𝒘 𝝅𝑾
𝑮= ∗ (𝟏 + 𝟕√ 𝐜𝐨𝐬 ( ))
𝑩 𝟐𝑾 𝟐𝑩
X Y r H-h
Well ID Ln(Ro/r)
m m m m
1 -27.66 -25.98 37.94781 2.709425 0.840379
2 -27.66 -5.98 28.29905 3.002808 0.931378
3 -27.66 14.02 31.01026 2.911318 0.903
4 -18.29 23.4 29.6999 2.954493 0.916392
5 -0.16 32.78 32.78039 2.855806 0.885782
6 19.84 32.78 38.3165 2.699756 0.83738
7 24.84 18.77 31.1342 2.907329 0.901763
8 -1.23 24.84 24.87043 3.131957 0.971435
9 -21.23 24.84 32.67627 2.858987 0.886769
10 -25.98 9.84 27.78104 3.021283 0.937108
11 -31.98 12.66 34.39471 2.807734 0.870872
Total Drawdown (m) 9.88226
𝝓
𝒕𝒂𝒏 (𝟒𝟓 − )
𝑳𝑭𝒓𝒆𝒆 = (𝑯 − 𝑿) ∗ 𝟐 + (𝟎. 𝟏𝑯)
𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽
Try Using 20’’ Steel Pipe with 2.0 cm Thickness Steel GR (52)
𝑫𝒊𝒏 = 16 ∗ 2.54 = 50.8 𝑐𝑚 𝑫𝒐𝒖𝒕 = 54.8 𝑐𝑚
𝐴 = 331.58 𝑐𝑚2 𝐼 = 115774.87 𝑐𝑚4
𝑟 = √𝐼/𝐴 = √115774.87/331.58 = 18.68
Check Buckling
𝑘 ∗ 𝑙 0.65 ∗ 28.80 ∗ 100
𝜆= = = 100.21 100 < 𝜆 < 180
𝑟 18.68
Check Stress
𝑓𝑐 = 7500/𝜆2 = 7500/100.21^2 = 0.746 𝑡/𝑐𝑚2
𝑓𝑐 𝑎𝑐𝑡 = 148.49/331.58 = 0.447 𝑡/𝑐𝑚2 (𝑆𝐴𝐹𝐸 𝑆𝑇𝑅𝐸𝑆𝑆)
Check Buckling
𝑘 ∗ 𝑙 0.65 ∗ 35.16 ∗ 100
𝜆= = = 122.34 100 < 𝜆 < 180
𝑟 18.68
Check Stress
𝑓𝑐 = 7500/𝜆2 = 7500/122.34^2 = 0.5 𝑡/𝑐𝑚2
𝑓𝑐 𝑎𝑐𝑡 = 170.83/331.58 = 0.49 𝑡/𝑐𝑚2 (𝑆𝐴𝐹𝐸 𝑆𝑇𝑅𝐸𝑆𝑆)
𝑘𝑔 𝑅′ 45
𝑓𝑦 = 3600 𝜉= = ( ) = 0.9 𝜇 = 𝜌 ∗ 𝑓𝑐𝑢 ∗ 10−5
𝑐𝑚2 𝑅 50
𝐴𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝜇 ∗ 𝜋 ∗ 𝑟 2