Velammal College of Engineering and Technology, Madurai – 625 009

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

ACADEMIC YEAR 2019-2020 (ODD SEMESTER)

CYCLE -I

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

1. Load test on DC Shunt motor.

2. Load test on DC Series motor.

3. Speed control of DC shunt motor (Armature, Field control)

4. O.C.C & Load characteristics of DC Shunt generator.

5. O.C.C & Load characteristics of DC Series generator.

6. V curves and inverted V curves of synchronous Motor

 Ex.No:
LOAD TEST ON D.C.SHUNT MOTOR
Date:

AIM:
To obtain the performance characteristics of a D.C. shunt motor by
conducting a load test and to draw the following curves.

a) Speed Vs Torque b) Output Vs Efficiency c) Output Vs Torque

d) Output Vs Speed e) Output Vs Line Current

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

S.No Name of the Apparatus Type Range Quantity

1 Voltmeter MC 0-300V 1
2 Ammeter MC 0-20A 1
3 Rheostat Wire wound 350Ω/1.1A 1
4 Tachometer Digital 0-1500RPM 1
5 Connecting wires Copper 2.5 Sq.mm As required

THEORY:

Load test on motors are performed to know about the efficiency, torque and speed
characteristics, which enable us to select an appropriate motor for an application.
The torque equation of a DC Motor is given by Ta = 0.159 (*P*Z / A) * Ia N-m,
where =Flux per pole (Wb), P= No. of poles, Z= No. of armature conductors,
A = no. of parallel paths. As P, Z, A being constant, the above equation reduces to
Ta=K  Ia. In a DC Shunt motor as  is constant, the torque is directly
proportional to armature current.

The speed of a DC motor is given by, N = K (V - IaRa) /. Since  is constant, the
speed is directly proportional to (V-Ia Ra). As the load on the motor increases, the
drop IaRa becomes negligible as `Ra' is very small and the speed is nearly
constant.
Hence a DC shunt motor is considered as a constant speed motor. If a DC shunt
motor is started on load, it draws a heavy armature current which in turn will
damage the machine itself. Hence DC shunt motors are always started on no-load
condition.

FORMULA USED:

1. Torque (T) = 9.81 * R * (S1S2) Nm.

2. Power input to motor (Pi) = VLIL watts

3. Power output (Po) = 2NT watts

60

4. %Efficiency (η) = Power output (Po) X 100

Power input (Pi)
Where,
R is radius of the brake drum in meter
N is Speed in rpm
V is Supply voltage in volts
IL is Line current in Amps
S1, S2 is spring balance readings

PRECAUTION:
1. DPST switch should be kept open.
2. Motor field rheostat should be kept at minimum resistance position.
3. Check whether the belt was not in tight condition.

PROCEDURE:
1. Connections were made as per the circuit diagram.
2. Close DPST switch.
3. Start the motor using 3 point starter.
4. Note down the no load current and voltage indicated in the respective
ammeter and voltmeter.
5. Adjust the loading arrangement and note down the corresponding input
current drawn by the motor and the input voltage indicated in the
respective meters.
6. Measure the speed using tachometer.
MODEL GRAPH:
Load Characteristics of DC Shunt Motor

Mechanical Characteristics Electrical Characteristics

Model Calculation:
 7. Using, the speed of the motor was checked for its rated speed. If it was
below the rated speed, increase the field resistance, using field rheostat,
and rated speed was obtained.
8. Repeat the same procedure till the load current reaches the rated value.

Viva – voce

1. What is the need for a starter?

2. Why a DC shunt motor is called a constant Speed motor?
3. State few applications of DC shunt motor.
4. How to reverse the direction of rotation of DC shunt motor?
5. Why the field rheostat of DC motor is kept at minimum resistance position
while starting?
6. What are the mechanical and electrical characteristics of a DC shunt motor?
7. What is back emf in a dc motor?
8. How the input current increases as load increases?
9. What will be the effect of armature reaction in performance of dc shunt motor?
10. What is the role of commutator in a DC motor?
Model Calculation:
OBSERVATION RUBRICS:

Content Max. Marks Marks Given

Viva-Voce 5
Circuit diagram / 5
Algorithm / Flowchart
Output / Result 5
Time of Submission 5
Total 20

Inference:

Result: