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GUIDELINES IN WRITING THE RESEARCH REPORTS/THESIS

Parts of the Final Paper


NO PAGE NUMBERS:
 Cover Page
 Title Page
 Abstract
ROMAN-NUMBERED PAGES ( i, ii, iii…)
 Approval Form (page i )
 Acknowledgements
 Dedication
 Table of Contents
 List of Tables ( applicable if there are 3 or more Tables)
 List of Figures ( applicable if there are 3 or more Figures)
 List of Plates ( applicable if there are 3 or more Plates)

ARABIC-NUMBERED PAGES
 CHAPTER 1 (The PROBLEM: RATIONALE AND BACKGROUND) (page 1)
 CHAPTER 2 (REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE)
 CHAPTER 3 (METHODOLOGY)
 CHAPTER 4 ( RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS)
 CHAPTER 5 ( SUMMARY,CONCLUSIONS,AND RECOMMENDATIONS)
 REFERENCE LISTS
 APPENDICES
 CURRICULUM VITAE

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
The Research Paper should be formatted with the following specifications:
 Size of Paper: 8.5” x 11”
 Margins: 1.5 “ ─ left; 1” – bottom; 1” – right and top
 Font: Courier New, 12 pts
 Spacing: Double, with zero-pt line spacing before and after each paragraph; Do
not use up more than one line of space between paragraphs and sections.
Maintain the double-spacing of lines at all times.
Single spacing may be used only in the Table of Contents, footnotes and
endnotes, title of charts, graphs, and tables.
 Page numbers: Place at the lower right-hand corner of the page, 1” from the
bottom of the paper, and 1” from the right side of the paper.
 Other Specifications:
o Each chapter (e.g. CHAPTER 1, CHAPTER 2, etc) should start on
a fresh page. It should be in bold-faced, all-capital letters,
centered with Arabic numeral and should be placed 10 single
spaces from the top EDGE of first page of the chapter. Font
size may be increased to 14 pts.
o The chapter title (e.g. THE PROBLEM: RATIONALE AND
BACKGROUND) should be in bold-faced, all-capital letters,
centered and should be placed 3 single spaces from the
chapter heading. Font size may be increased to 14 pts.
o Section headings within each chapter should be in bold-face,
mixed letters and should be underlined. For example of Section
heading in Chapter 1 includes: Statement of the Problem;
Theoretical/Conceptual Framework; Assumptions; Hypothesis;
Significance of the Study; Scope and Limitations; and
Definition of Key Terms. First letter of each important word
should be in uppercase. Section headings should not be
bulleted. If a section heading occupies more than half the
page’s width, break the line – the upper line should be longer
than the lower line. The heading should be in single-line spacing
if it occupies more than one line.
o All paragraphs should be aligned with the left margin ( 1.5” from
left edge of paper). Full justification is recommended.
o Lists (enumerations of more than four items) are usually
bulleted. It is recommended that the list be in single line
spacing. Should each bullet occupy more than one line, skip
spaces between each bullet entry.
COVER PAGE

TITLE SHOULD BE IN CAPITAL LETTERS WITH FONT SIZE


16 AND IN 1.5 LINE SPACING FOLLOWING AN INVERTED
PYRAMID STYLE IF MORE THAN ONE LINE

NAME OF AUTHOR
( FIRST NAME MIDDLE NAME LAST NAME)

TAGBILARAN CITY SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL


Tagbilaran City, Bohol

March 2016
The title is placed 1 ½ inches from the top, centered across a page that has a margin of
1.5” on the left and 1.0 inch on the right.

The name of the researcher should be at the center of the page.

The school name should be 7 single spaces below the researcher’s name, centered,
using Courier New font, 16 pts; and with 1.5 -line spacing between school name and
school address.

The date of submission is written 4 lines of single spaces below the school address in
mixed cases and font size 16.

The cover page specification above shall be used for all copies submitted to
the Research Department:
 Two (2) hardbound copies in (selected color of your batch) with
acetate cover

NOTE: Write the Researcher’s Name and the Title of the Research Study
on the left side (spine) of the book.

Researcher’s Name
(LAST NAME with initials
of the first and middle)

Title of Research
Study

Year
TITLE PAGE

TITLE OF RESEARCH STUDY SHOULD BE IN FONT SIZE 14


AND IN 1.5 LINE SPACING FOLLOWING AN INVERTED
PYRAMID IF MORE THAN ONE LINE

(10 Single Spaces)

A Thesis Presented to
the Faculty of Natural Science and Research
Tagbilaran City Science High School
Tagbilaran City, Bohol

(10 Single Spaces)

In Partial Fulfilment of
the Requirements for
Research II

(7 Single Spaces)

NAME OF RESEARCHER
(First Name, Middle Name, Last Name)

(2 Single Spaces)
MARCH 2017

o The title of the research study should be approximately 1.25 inches from the
top, centered across a page that has a margin of 1.5” on the left and 1 inch on
the right; using Courier New font, 14 pts; and in 1.5 line spacing if the title needs
more than one line of space.
o The name of the author should be above the submission date (March 2017) with
two lines of space separating the two sets of information; Use 14-pt Courier New
font; Name should be written with the first name followed by the middle name,
then the last name in upper cases;
o The date of submission should be 1.25 inch above the bottom edge of the cover.

ABSTRACT
The Abstract contents guide:
 What is the project about? State directly what you did, are doing, or will be
doing.
 Why was the project done? Include a short explanation on the purpose of
the project. This will serve as the statement of the real-life problem (RLP),
as it states how you are addressing the RLP with your project already.
 How was the project done? Summarize the methodology, making sure to
show your research design (replication, local control, independent and
dependent variables, data gathering procedure).
 What are the results? Explain briefly the important observations made and
what they mean.
 What can be concluded? Make sure to address the objectives of the project.
 What is the significance of the project? State the impact of the project’s
accomplishment on humanity, the society or in terms of scientific
contribution.

The abstract should be no more than 250 words, and should fit in one page only. The
font could be made smaller (up to 10 pts only), or the spacing (up to 1.5 spacing only)
may be adjusted to accommodate the text.
ABSTRACT

The abstract should be in paragraph form, spacing of

2x preferred though 1.5 is acceptable if the abstract is a

bit long and will not fit in one page. A font size of 12 is

also recommended, but it could be smaller (up to 10 only).

The abstract should fit in one page, with an estimated 250

words.

The font type should be Courier New and no additional

spaces should be placed between paragraphs. The starting

sentence of the abstract should right away state what the

research is about.

NOTE: The abstract should NOT be a numbered page. It is the first page that should be seen
after the title page.
APPROVAL FORM
APPROVAL SHEET

In partial fulfilment of the requirements for Research


II, this research work entitled “TITLE OF THE RESEARCH
STUDY IN BOLD-FACED CHARACTERS”, prepared and submitted by
(Name of Researcher) has been examined and is recommended
for acceptance and approval of ORAL EXAMINATION.

NAME OF ADVISER
Adviser

FACULTY REVIEW COMMITTEE

NAME OF PANELIST
Chairman
NAME OF PANELIST NAME OF PANELIST
Member Member
-----------------------------------------------------------
Approved by the Committee on Oral Examination with a
grade of _____ on (Date of Oral Examination)

PANEL OF EXAMINERS

NAME OF PANELIST
Chairman

NAME OF PANELIST NAME OF PANELIST NAME OFPANELIST


Member Member Member

NAME OF PANELIST NAME OF PANELIST


Member Member
-----------------------------------------------------------
Accepted and approved in partial fulfilment of the
requirements for Research II.

_______________________ MAURINE C. CASTAÑO


DATE Asst. School Principal II
Name of the Panelist should be GIVEN NAME first, followed by the MIDDLE INITIAL then the
LAST NAME, bold-faced and all in upper cases.
TABLE OF CONTENTS

CONTENTS
Page
APPROVAL SHEET . . . . . . . . . . . . . i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii

DEDICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv

LIST OF TABLES (if any). . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

LIST OF FIGURES (if any). . . . . . . . . . . . .

LIST OF PLATES (if any)

CHAPTER

1 THE PROBLEM: RATIONALE AND BACKGROUND . . . 1


Background of the Study . . . . . . . . . .
Statement of the Problem. . . . . . . . . .
Theoretical/Conceptual Framework . . . . .
Assumptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hypothesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Significance of the Study . . . . . . . . .
Scope and Limitations . . . . . . . . .
Definition of Key Terms . . . . . . . . . .

2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE . . . . . . .


Topic 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Topic 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Topic 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3 METHODOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS


Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discussions . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5 SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS


Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

REFERENCE LIST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

APPENDICES
A <Title of Appendix A> . . . . . . . .
B <Title of Appendix B> . . . . . . . .

CURRICULUM VITAE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
LIST OF TABLES

LIST OF TABLES

Table No. Title Page

1.1 <Title of Table 1.1> . . . . . . . .

2.1 <Title of Table 2.1> . . . . . . . .

2.2 <Title of Table 2.2> . . . . . . . .

LIST OF FIGURES

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No. Title Page

1.1 < Label of Figure 1.1 > . . . . . .

2.1 < Label of Figure 2.1 > . . . . . .

4.1 < Label of Figure 4.1 > . . . . . .

LIST OF PLATES

LIST OF PLATES

Plate No. Title Page

2.1 < Label of Figure 1.1 > . . . . . .

2.6 < Label of Figure 2.1 > . . . . . .


NOTE:
Lists of Tables, Figures, and Plates should be written in separate pages.

Writing References - Oxford System


Books with one Author
Include (if available): author’s family name and first name; title; edition (if not 1st); place of
publication and publisher, year of publication.
Example
Bryman, Alan. Social research methods. 3rd ed. Oxford: Oxford university press, 2008.
Books with two or more Authors
Fabozzi, Frank J., Modigliani, Franco and Jones, Frank J. Foundations of financial markets and
institutions. 4th ed. Boston: Prentice Hall, 2010.
Books which are Edited (Anthologies)
For edited books include editor(s) in brackets after the name of the editor(s)
Example:
Allen, Jeffner and Young, Iris Marion (eds.). The thinking muse: feminism and modern French
philosophy. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1989.

E-books

The same information should be provided as for printed books, see examples above. For books
that have been read or downloaded from a library website or bookshop you should add
information about e-book at the end of the reference.

Bowen, Natasha K. & Guo, Shenyang. Structural equation modeling. New York: Oxford
University Press, 2012. E-book.

Some books whose copyright have expired are sometimes freely available on the internet. In
those cases you should add the complete URL (http ://....) and access date, the date you
downloaded/read the book. If the URL is very long it could be sufficient to use the URL of the
web site where you found the book e.g. http://books.google.se/

Smith, Daniel. Memory of a tree festival. Hamburg: Sommer Publishing,


1902. http://www.treesandplantsmemoriesinsummer (Accessed 2012-05-21).

Strindberg, August. Three plays: countess Julie; the Outlaw; the Stronger. Boston:
International pocket library, 1912. http://books.google.se/ (Accessed 2012-05-21).

Book Chapters
Include (if available): family name(s) and first name(s) of author(s) of book chapter; title of
book chapter; In, title of book; first and family name(s) of editor(s) and ed(s) in brackets;
edition (if not 1:st); page numbers of chapter; place of publication and publisher; year of
publication

Example:
Ellet, Elizabeth F.L. By rail and stage to Galena. In Prairie state: impressions of Illinois, 1673-
1967, by travelers and other observers, Paul M. Angle (ed.), 271-79. Chicago: University of
Chicago Press, 1968.

Journal Articles
Include (if available): family name(s) and first name(s) of author(s); title of article; journal
name; volume and issue; year of publication ; page numbers of article

Lundmark, Linda. Economic Restructuring into Tourism in the Swedish Mountain


Range. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism 5, no. 1 (2005): 23–45.

If full first names are not provided in the article provide only initials.

Graham, E and Boyle, P. Editorial introduction:(re)theorising population geography: mapping


the unfamiliar. International Journal of Population Geography 7, no. 6 (2001): 389-394

Electronic Journal Articles


Same information included as for journal articles (see example above) and a DOI-number.
DOI (Digital Object Identifier) is used to uniquely identify an object such as an electronic
article. DOI-numbers are permanent, which makes it possible to easily locate articles even if
the URL of the article has changed. Articles are assigned DOI-numbers by major academic
publishers. If there is no DOI-number you should give the URL-link of the article and in some
cases access date (mainly articles that are freely available on the internet). Today the
publisher often states how to write the reference.

Lundmark, Linda. Economic Restructuring into Tourism in the Swedish Mountain


Range. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism 5, no.1 (2005): 23–45. doi:
10.1080/15022250510014273.

Larsen, James E. and Blair, John P. The importance of police performance as a determinant of
satisfaction with police. American Journal of Economics and Business Administration 1, no.1
(2009): 1-10. http://www.scipub.org/fulltext/ajeba/ajeba111-10.pdf (Accessed 2010-09-29).

Newspaper Articles
Include (if available): author of article; title of article; magazine and date of article

Jowit, Juliette . Corporate lobbying is blocking food reforms, senior UN official


warns. Guardian.10-09-22.

Newspaper Articles on the Internet


Same informaton as for a printed article (see above) and URL of article and date of access in
brackets. If the URL is very long it could be sufficient to use the URL of the newspaper e.g
http://www.time.com/time/

Jowit, Juliette . Corporate lobbying is blocking food reforms, senior UN official


warns. Guardian. 10-09-22. http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2010/sep/22/food-firms-
lobbying-samuel-jutzi (Accessed 2010-09-30).

Web Pages/Internet Sources


Include (if available): author, organization, authority or company; (year) ; title of document or
page; name of web site or owner of web site; last update of web page ; complete URL
(http://.....) and date of access.

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Health: OECD says
governments must fight fat. 2010.
http://www.oecd.org/document/35/0,3343,en_21571361_44315115_46064099_1_1_1_1,00.
html (Accessed 2010-10-10).

For blogs include title and posting date of individual blog entry:
Parker, Matt. 2010. The simple truth about statistics. Guardian.co.uk Science blog. 29
September. http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/blog/2010/sep/29/statistics-lies-abuse
(Accessed 2010-10-10).

Encyclopedias/Dictionaries
For articles/entries in online encyclopedias include (if available): author of article, title of
article, name of encyclopedia, year of publishing,; complete URL (http://.....) and date of
access. If there is no author, use the title of the entry or article first.

Example:
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Encyclopedia Britannica. 2010.
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/142824/Creutzfeldt-Jakob-disease (Accessed
2010-10-30).

Dissertations
Include information about university of graduation and title of degree.
Examples:
Eckerberg, Katarina. Environmental protection in Swedish forestry: a study of the
implementation process. PhD diss., Umeå University, 1987.
Landström, Mats. Two essays on Central Bank independence reforms. Lic. diss., Umeå
university, 2009.

Conference Proceedings
Lectures/presentations at conferences and seminars are published in anthologies called
proceedings. Title, year and city of conference are to be included if known. Individual
contributions to conference proceedings are treated as chapters in books. Sometimes those
contributions are published in journals and are treated as journal articles.
Hall, C. Michael. North-south perspectives on tourism, regional development and peripheral
areas. In Tourism in peripheries : perspectives from the north and south, Dieter K. Müller and
Bruno Jansson (eds.), 19-38. Perspectives on tourism in Nordic and other peripheral areas,
2004, Umeå. Wallingford: CABI, 2007

Television Programs
Lindsjö, Lars. UR Samtiden - Hur kan utåtagerande barn bemötas? [Television]. Stockholm:
Sveriges utbildningsradio. 2011. http://uraccess.se/

Personal Communication
Personal communication includes more informal sources: e.g. letters, e-mails, phone calls or
conversations. Permission should be sought before these sources are quoted, and a copy
retained for reference. If you have promised an interviewee anonymity you must keep that
promise. You will find more information about rules and guidelines for research at CODEX.
http://www.codex.uu.se/en/index.shtml

Please note that personal communication is sometimes not included in the reference list as the
sources normally are not traceable. In those cases information about personal communication
are provided only in the footnotes. Check with your teacher/supervisor if you are uncertain!
A reference to personal communication should include as much information as possible; name,
profession/position, details of personal communication; date

Examples:
Svensson, Anna; student at Umeå university. Interview 2010-05-11.
Informant 1: Grammar school, Umeå . 12 boys and 12 girls, individual interviews 2010-05-09.

Smith, Veronica; Professor at the department of physics, Umeå University. Northern lights,
lecture 2010-03-12.

Please note that e-mail addresses belonging to individuals should only be provided if the
owner has given permission.

Lee, Oscar. E-mail. 2008-05-13. < oscar.lee@umu.se >.

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