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1. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ………………………………………2
2. INTRODUCTION ………………………………………………..3
7. EFFICIENCY …………………………………………………….10
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I wish to express my deep gratitude and sincere thanks to the Principal,Mrs.
J.K Sidhu, DAV Public School, BRS Nagar, Ludhianafor her encouragement and
for all the facilities that she provided for this project work. I sincerely
appreciate this magnanimity by taking me into his fold for which I shall remain
indebted to her. I extend my hearty thanks to Mr. Ashish Kapoor, Physics
Teacher,who guided me to the successful completion of this project. I take this
opportunity to express my deep sense of gratitude for his invaluable guidance,
constant encouragement, immense motivation, which has sustained my efforts
at all the stages of thisproject work.
I can’t forgot to offer my sincere thanks to Mr.Jarnail Singh, Lab Assistant and
also to my classmates who helped me to carry out this project work successful
and for their valuable advice and support , which I received from them time to
time.
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INTRODUCTION
The electrical generator was first invented by the Hungarian inventor
and engineer Anyos Jedlik sometime between 1827 and 1830. Jedlik
invented the generator
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Figure 1: Electrical Generator
Components of an AC generator:
a. Field
b. Armature
c. Prime mover
d. Rotor
e. Stator
f. Slip rings
Field
The field in an AC generator consists of coils of conductors within the
generator that receive a voltage from a source (called excitation) and
produce a magnetic flux.
The magnetic flux in the field cuts the armature to produce a voltage.
This voltage is ultimately the output voltage of the AC generator.
Armature
The armature is the part of an AC generator in which voltage is
produced.
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This component consists of many coils of wire that are large
enough to carry the full-load current of the generator.
Prime Mover
The prime mover is the component that is used to drive the AC
generator.
The prime mover may be any type of rotating machine, such as a diesel
engine, a steam turbine, or a motor.
Rotor
The rotor of an AC generator is the rotating component of the
generator, as shown in Figure 2.
The rotor will be the armature if the voltage output is generated there;
the rotor will be the field if the field excitation is applied there.
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Stator
The stator of an AC generator is the part that is stationary (refer to
Figure 1).
Like the rotor, this component may be the armature or the field,
depending on the type of generator.
Slip Rings
Slip rings are electrical connections that are used to transfer power to
and from the rotor of an AC generator (refer to Figure 1).
Slip rings are used in AC generators because the desired output of the
generator is a sine wave.
Slip Rings
In a DC generator, a commutator was used to provide an output whose
current always flowed in the positive direction, as shown in Figure 2.
Therefore, an AC generator may use slip rings, which will allow the
output current and voltage to oscillate through positive and negative
values.
This oscillation of voltage and current takes the shape of a sine wave.
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Figure 3 - Comparison of AC and DC Generator Outputs
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Theory of Operation
The strong magnetic field is produced by a current flow through the
field coil of the rotor.
The field coil in the rotor receives excitation through the use of slip
rings and brushes.
A generator has many turns of wire wound into the slots of the rotor.
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Working of Electrical Generator
Most metals have electrons that can move around freely. These
electrons allow electricity to move through the metal, transmitting
electrical energy from one place to another. These metals are called
electrical conductors. A generator is a device that is used to move
electrons through a conductor to give electric power. It does this by
using a magnet that forces electrons to move along a wire at a steady
rate while putting pressure on them. With the help of a generator, the
electrons can transmit electric energy from one point to another. The
difference in the number of electrons and the pressure that the
generator applies is what creates the different electric currents. The
generator spins at a certain number of rotations per minute. The
number of electrons that move is measured in amps. The pressure is
measured in volts.
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Efficiency
Efficiency of an AC generator is the ratio of the useful power output to the total
power input.
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