A.

Introduction

B. Analysis of Example

The data are taken form on of poster community on one of University in Indonesia.

Additionally, because of the limitations of space, some visual and verbal text were selected

based on themes, analysed, and discussed. Also, a considerable analysis of this poster

community is applied language imperialism linguistically and visually by using

Multimodal Discourse Analysis (MDA) and Transitivity (SFL). Systemic-Functional

Linguistics developed by Halliday delivers an effective theoretical tool for MDA. In this

poster, the bold and underlined words and phrases of the text present as the process of

analysis. Therefore, this section reported the findings of analysis in the form visual and

verbal text that reflecting language imperialism in poster community.

1. Verbal
process &
information
value

2. Verbal
process
 Figure 1. poster community as a corpus of the data analysis

Multimodality is the term supported in this paper because it is used by Kress and van

Leeuwen (2006), the authors of the model of visual grammar chosen in this paper. The

framework approach will be followed for the analysis of the images in this paper. These authors

propose three main types of composition in multimodal texts that will be taken into account in

this paper: (a) the ‘information value’, or compositional organization (e.g. centre/margin,

top/bottom or left/ right); (b) ‘salience’, or different elements designed to catch the readers’

attention (e.g. size, color or sharpness, backgrounding or foregrounding); and c) ‘framing’, or

presence or absence of frames that connect or disconnect elements pointing out whether they

go together or not in the making of meanings.

The information value of the poster place on align left on the top of this poster. This is

one to be read from the align left on the top since a sign of logo in the align right of the poster,

which contributes to highlighting that the tittle is the information value represented and

therefore the most salient element of the composition. The point of light in the poster is the

tittle. Additionally, (see no 1 in figure 1) the tittle of this cover used English as the tittle, it

means that there is another language that combinate in this poster. Because of this poster comes

from one of Indonesian poster community at university and the dominant language used

Indonesian. Represented that English has dominated in Indonesia called as language

Imperialism. Best on Philipson (2018) stated that language imperialism is language which

dominate internationally and focused on the way and how the language challenges to account

for such dominance in theoretically informed way.

The ‘salience’ viewed from the darkness of the background of this poster, it is possible

to distinguish the blurred silhouettes of the tittle. It is significant that the poster appears
backgrounded and after the tittle although the written message, where the word ‘open

recruitment’ is in capital letters signed as the main idea of this poster community. The dark

colours of the visual contrast with the pink and white letters of the line and written text; pink

is one of the colour of universal love of oneself and others. Also, pink represents friendship,

affection, harmony, inner place and approachability. Best on the interpretation that the colour

pink in these poster means that a sign approachability of the tittle itself. Next, the dark

background suggests that as a background to animate the tittle and the colour of white

represented as information value of this poster community.

The last process belongs to ‘framing’ or presence or absence of settings to connect or

disconnect elements pointing out whether they go together or not in the making of meanings

(Lilora, 2015). In this poster community the differences viewed from the used of the language

where the capital letters used on English as a tittle or invitation, while Indonesian used as

explanation of this poster community. It represents that there is another language used that

English has a power in this community in University of Indonesia. Nowadays, English attracts

the label of a global ‘lingua franca’, which portrays a positive connotation for communication

Purposes (Rose & Connama, 2018).

The multimodal text needs to be understood as a whole in which the combination of

the different modes serves the purpose of creating meaning in an effective way. On the other

hand, the utterances English from this poster community were analysed based on an SFL

analytical framework, namely transitivity. To illustrate, several utterances were analysed using

transitivity of process types and participant function:

Open Recruitment
 Verbal process

Table 1.1

Come join with us

Verbal process

Table. 1.2

Therefore, this text was analysed by using SFL analytical framework, namely transitivity.

To illustrate, several utterances were analysed using transitivity of process types and participant

function. The following utterances come from the poster community to illustrate how language

imperialism is influenced to the various aspect of Indonesian especially in poster community. (see

no. 1 & 3 in figure 1) expressed an utterance “open recruitment” and “come join with us” refers to

verbal process were the speaker acts as the sayer and the process refers to verbal process (say).

Verbal process is process of saying, or more accurately, of symbolically signalling (Gerot&

Wignell, 1994). It represents that utterances are already interconnected with language imperialism

where the utterance as symbolically signalling of linguistic imperialism interlocks with the media,

communication and military activities (Philipson, 2018)

As a result, the act of linguistic imperialism was applied in media communication

especially in poster community in the circle of education. It is one of linguistic identity of a right

to use language enforcing one language to comply with the dominant language (Rose & Connama,

2018) which is in these case interlocks with language imperialism has been influence with the

media that is poster on one of University in Indonesia. Besides, best on Phillipson argued that

linguistic imperialism was mainly driven by political and economic interests, and clear examples

can be found with the spread of English (although linguistic imperialism can be found with other

languages in imperialist positions) (Rose & Connama, 2018).

C. Pedagogical Implication

1. As a language teacher

Over the years, different people have proposed that English language teaching (ELT)

carries with it imperealistic influences. At other times, the teaching of English was seen as a tool

to propagate the economic, cultural or religious values of dominant worls powers. In other side a

language teacher cannot be consider as an imperialist because a teacher who teach the language as

a second language for examples of British, American, and Australian and explain the similarities

and the differences, especially when a student had to learn one specific type (for exam purposes).

Since langauge and culture are inextricably tied, a language teacher serve as cultural information

to students who barely know the language to fit in the real context. And it is can be considered as

a service not imperialism. For teacher, teaching using by media poster have advantages :

1. It’s an effective way to catch and hold the attention of pupils or students as well as maintain

their interest in the subject.

2. Poster can motivate students to learn a specific topic

3. Teachers can help student to focus on a certain idea, fac, event or process

4. They are convenient both for pupils and teachers as they help students to absorb the

material faster

5. Image are more “evocative” than words and can lay the foundation of a variety of

associations.

Thus, poster have a important role for teacher as a teaching media in class. It can make easy to

study and fast to understand for learners.

 2. As a language student

English is somehow is a superior language which lead many people to learn it for various

reasons. Since language and culture cannot be separeted it is a language student who learn English

as second or foreign language order to fit it to their first language. As I mention above the teacher

just serve the service of what language teaching should be. As long as the teacher does his/her best

not to ram non-native cultural values down the students’ throats. Poster as a language student

example occur in class. Using poster in class assist the student to simulate mental cognitive. usually

the picture contain cultural, science and social. Posters give representation accident in order to

student understand one of concept. The example of poster in class,

3. As Wider context

The point needs to be made that English is not other languages. English-language

television, films and pop ,usic are common aroung the world; French, Spanish and Chinese

television programs are not common in the English speaking world. Academics around the world

must publish in English; if they publish in a local language, their work is marginalized and not
available to the international acade,ic community. These are just a couple of examples of the

unique role English plays in the world, and they illustrate that for many people, learning English

is not a choice, it is a necessity. In wider context using of poster for promotion product in order to

known by environment. Recently, using print poster little reduced, because it will be make global

warming. So, the solution using of poster in digital such promotion in social media facebook,

twiter, Instagram, etc.

Example of print poster :

Example of digital posters :