Professional Documents
Culture Documents
This summer semester learners in the EIST 6120 Course have learned about
the K- 12 classroom, higher education and training and industry. The trends
mentioned in this paper are those I feel are having a significant impact on the ways
in which we educate our learners. The trends include: Flipped Classroom, Learning
Analytics, Mobile Learning, 3D Printing, and Wearable Technologies. This paper will:
explore the trend, discuss predictions for the future of the trend, thoughts on how to
stay up to date on the trend, resources for the trend, and provide applications for
the trend.
Flipped Classroom
The Flipped Classroom is a popular trend that is becoming more and more
popular within the K-12 and higher education settings. Lo and Hew (2017) utilize
classroom through video lectures and (2) interactive group learning activities inside
the classroom.” (Bishop and Verleger, 2013 as cited in Low and Hew, 2017) From
this one can: the Flipped Classroom requires the use of technology for which
teachers develop videos for students to watch outside of the class time. In essence,
the instruction that would normally occur during a class period is assigned for
students to complete for homework. Students are then able to have discussions
about newly learned content. The learning is extended because students complete
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meaningful tasks during the class period. This might include: class discussions,
must apply what they learn to the newly formed activity. Students utilize
Constructivist pedagogy as they are take existing knowledge and are creating their
a professional level, I have met colleagues who have used the flipped classroom in
their classrooms. This has been predominantly seen in the High School setting. My
colleagues who have used the strategy love how engaged learners are. (Lo and Hew,
2017) On a larger scale, studies confirm when learners enter a flipped classroom
students have higher gains when compared to those in a traditional setting. Lo and
Hew (2017) cite the main problem educators encounter in a Flipped Classroom is
the significant increase in time spent outside the classroom to develop videos and
also student buy-in. If educators and students are able to work past these issues,
then I believe students will become more highly engaged, effective problem solvers.
These skills are crucial as we go forward embracing the problems we face in the 21st
Century.
There are several things; I can do in order to stay current on this trend. First,
I need to stay up on the latest research and studies with regards to a Flipped
Classroom in a K-3 setting. Currently, I work in a first grade setting. I often find the
traditional Flipped Classroom might not work, as learners are not developmentally
ready to take on the demands for which a Flipped Classroom requires of the learner.
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In addition to this, I have noticed there are very limited studies on this. Low and
and discovered only 2 fit were in this age range. (Low and Hew, 2017) However, I
can still take elements of the Flipped Classroom and bring it into my work place.
Through class discussions and conversations with colleagues, I might best do this by
setting up centers which allow for student exploration is one way this can be done.
to stay up to date on this trend, I research websites to make videos for my students.
This would allow myself to create content my students could easily view. In
addition, it would allow for my learners to develop videos, which explain their own
learning.
stood out to me. The first is Low and Hew (2017). When conducting my research, I
lens was too narrow and therefore would only give me a particular view on the
subject. This resource was a great resource as it was a survey on the existing
research on the Flipped Classroom within the K-12 setting. The findings cited the
limited research on Flipped Classroom but also highlight the benefits and challenges
from using it. This resource stands out to me for it provides an overreaching
perspective on the trend. (Low and Hew, 2017) A Web URL that I found by Brame
(2013) I believed was very helpful in my understanding on the topic. The website
provides brief information regarding pedagogy, and ways in which one can apply it
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into the existing classroom setting. Jenn William’s Ted Talk on a Flipped Classroom
really stood out to me in terms of an online video. The reason is because she is a
high school teacher who originally taught in a traditional classroom setting. She has
so much passion for teaching and wanted to make a change to per practice so her
students could see social studies come to life. (Tedx Talks, 2013) This video is an
important resource as it allows the viewer to see the Flipped Classroom come to life
from an individual who tried it. Williams speaks on the advantages and also the
problems she faced when initially starting a Flipped Classroom. She concludes the
be: a third grade teacher is teaching students to use the Area Model in order to solve
multiplication problems. The teacher creates a video using Camtasia and then uses
EdPuzzle to assign questions about how to apply the Area Model to solve
questions into a video. This provides the teacher with notifications on how well
students are accessing the content. Students also benefit, as they are able to track
and monitor their understanding of the concept.) After students watch the video for
the next day’s lesson, the students come to class. Upon entering the class, the
teacher begins a discussion on using the Area Model to solve multiplication. The
instructor reminds the class area is how much space there is within an enclosed
space and that learners can use the area model to find areas of squares and
rectangles. (Multiplying length times width) The teacher reveals for the day’s
project students will be given Grid Paper and a set of rules to create their own
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towns. The town must have: five homes, three schools, a grocery store, a post office,
a gas station, a library and a general store. Students are given the total area for each
required building. However, students are informed they must design the buildings
the learners to take information learned from the previous nights lesson and apply
lesson, rather the students in this third grade setting and working together to find
effective ways in which to design their buildings. Furthermore, the instructor is able
to use the data the EdPuzzle video and find trends in the class and work one on one
Learning Analytics
of data about learners and their contexts, for purposes of understanding and
cited in Scapin, 2018) One can see Learning Analytics allows individuals to gather
data about a group of learners who in an online course. Individuals are able to
gather this data through online courses. Instructors monitor student progress
resources to help the student grow and become successful. Learning Analytics is
based off current trends, not only the likelihood of whether or not a student will
pass a course, but also whether or not the individual will return to the school in the
decisions to prevent a loss of potential students and revenue. Further, the use of
within an organization.
The trend allows for administrators in the K- 12, Higher Education and Business and
Industry settings to make informed decisions about existing trends within the
organization. It allows for individuals to act in the moment and take information and
make sound business decisions based on current trends. There are concerns that
One major concern is privacy. Picciano (2014) describes the idea of individual data
the K-12 setting or in higher education locations must be informed about who has
the ability to access the data learners provide through taking online courses or
individuals with regards to being able to analyze the data. Analyzing data takes a
long period of time and there are not many individuals who are properly trained in
benefit analysis to determine whether or not the money spend on hiring or training
personnel to analyze the data. Learning Analytics will be a vital trend in the future,
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but feel these concerns must be addressed in order for the trend to continue to be
successful.
on the latest trends. Privacy is an area concern with this trend. To handle this, I will
contexts within the Instructional Design field. Using Learning Analytics is the
systems. Through using Learning Management Systems and meeting with key
stakeholders within the organization, I can more effectively interpret data gathered
from the Learning Management Systems. From collaboration and analyzing training
module work, I will be able to develop strong content that will enhance learner
this trend. Piccano’s (2014) was a beneficial resource as it allowed me to see the
analyzing the data with several opportunities to gain insights into learners. The
system allows for analyzers to make instant decisions. Piccano (2014) mentioned
some disadvantages to this trend. The significance is he is critical of the trend even
though it is important one trend in the field. Rafael Scapin’s (2018) post was blog
post was beneficial as it shows how artificial intelligence can help the analyzer
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discover important trends existing within the class. Furthermore, the article
instructors identify students who may be at risk for dropping out or failing a course.
Finally, Dr. Shae Schatz’s video was beneficial as it provides a concrete example of a
program, which uses learner analytics. She provides the viewer with a lot of reasons
for why Learner Analytics matters and how organizations may capitalize through
which allows teacher to identify where students are in relation to each other and
also how they are doing when compared to their peers throughout the school
district. As a first grade teacher, my students take a test. I will then score the test
and input their answers into the program. Because the tests have been previously
entered and questions have been aligned to standards, I am able to not only identify
which students are struggling, but I am also able to determine which standards
students are struggling with. As an educator, I am able to take this data and develop
school setting, my students have been able to grow. I am able to see trends in my
class and am better able to meet there needs. Because of this, my students have been
Mobile Learning
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learning which can occur through the use of a hand- held mobile device. A user can
gather information through connecting a device to the Internet a user can look up
the information needed to complete a task. It is “Just in time learning.” That is a user
gets information and applies it in the moment it can be used. Mobile learning is
unique because it rejects the idea that learning must occur inside a classroom
setting. Mobile Learning often occurs in an informal setting. Individuals can learn
anywhere. Mobile learning developers provide user interfaces that fit on a small
screen and therefore allow the user to have access to new information. It allows for
Burghate,., 2012)
Mobile Learning has the capability to impact the way education looks in
educational and corporate sectors. In the education field, teachers can provide
students exploration activities on their mobile devices. This allows students choice
in what they want to learn about. Further, through using apps like Kahoot, teachers
can evaluate student understanding on topics. The teacher can answer questions
that he or she might not be able to readily see in the moment. Mobile Learning has
might attend training and can use an application such as EverNote to take notes on
step-by-step guides to accomplish a task. After attending the training, the employee
goes to apply the skill in an on the job setting. The individual can use his or her
phone to access the notes take in order to apply the skill in the moment. Mobile
learning allows for a learner to get exactly the kind of differentiated instruction they
applications for mobile devices are developed to help learners keep track of new
information. Each application has the potential to help learners use and apply new
learning to their lives. As a teacher, I can try out new apps and pilot them in my
classroom. The goal would be to recommend new apps to my colleagues and for
mindful of the format of my training. This would help with user accessibility to the
training on a mobile device. Because the screen is smaller and there is less room for
located on the screen. Though my job would not be to know exactly how to format a
web page, having a basic knowledge of this to help the design team would be crucial
Learning. Akit Patel’s post on the e-Learing Industry website was particularly
helpful for several reasons. The website provides the author two methods of reading
the content. A viewer can read or listen to the content. This fits with the theme of
Mobile Learning meeting the needs of every learner. This website URL discusses the
main points of Mobile Learning in a brief, yet easy to understand way. (Patel, 2019)
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Pisely, Ramteke, Burghate (2012) article was very informative. What struck me
about this article was that it laid the foundation on for which Mobile Learning is
based off. The research gathered talked about the significant role Mobile Learning
has had in both training and education settings. It argues trainers cannot be over
reliant on mobile learning. One must not substitute using a device for training an
Cisco (2012), Mobile Learning is being well established into schools. The video
focuses a middle school that was funded through the Cisco Company to allow all
students to bring their mobile devices to school. Teachers in the school were
required to change their teaching styles from the traditional lecture styles to one
that focused on integrating mobile devices into the curriculum. One teacher said it
changed the way students learned. Students were able to create content and were
thinking more deeply and richly about the content. (Cisco, 2012) This video shows a
direct application of Mobile Learning into a classroom setting and shows the
relevancy of this trend. This makes applying the trend more manageable.
A teacher could use mobile learning to differentiate math instruction. For example, a
first grade teacher might be teaching a lesson on solving addition problems with a
missing addend within twenty. The teacher might have students go into centers to
practice differentiated skills. One game the students might use is called Prodigy.
Students would either access the game via Chromebook or on a mobile device such
as an iPad. Prodigy is a game where students to collect prizes and have battles. Their
success in these games exists in their ability to solve the problems. Students are able
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to access tutorials if they are having difficulty solving the problems. Prodigy is a
Students want to master a skill in order to be successful in the game. Further, the
game differentiates activities based on student performance. While the game might
start on missing addends, the concept mentioned at the beginning of the lesson,
students might get larger numbers if they are repeatedly getting correct answers.
Students might encounter tutorials or numbers with smaller numbers if they are
Students might complete other math games such as Cool Math to review
additional math skills. After students finish the centers, the instructor wants to
assess student understanding of missing addends. She pulls up an app called Kahoot
and projects it on the board. Students take out their iPads or Chromebooks and
enter the code on the board. The teacher begins the game and asks ten questions to
the class. After answering each question, the teacher assesses student answers and
keeps track of which students got questions right and wrong. The teacher pauses
after each question and goes over why certain options are wrong. After the game is
complete, she takes the results from the game and will hold onto the data collected
and will use this information to create small groups for the following day.
independent work and is also seen at the end of the lesson. The teacher is able to
use the information gathered to inform future instructional decisions for future
3- D Printing
is additive, where multiple layers from CAD (computer- aided design) are laid down
one after another to create different shapes.” (3-D Printing: Business Dictionary,
2019) Three- Dimensional printing was invented by Chuck Hill and has been around
for more than thirty years. (Vasquez, 2015) Three- dimensional printing is used in a
variety of settings and contexts. For example, this kind of printer can be used in the
utilized in the medical field including making crowns for patients. (Berman, 2012)
There are few limitations as to what can be created. There are many benefits to
having a 3-D printer. One example of this is reduced shipping costs. By having a 3- D
printer, all one has to do is make the part. This reduces the need to ship materials
have shown that 3- D printing has increased student abilities to think more spatially.
Students are required to think about the products they are creating and their
applications. Further, once educators become more properly trained, I believe that
students will be able to apply Constructivist Theory and will be able to actively
apply their new found knowledge of skills learned in the classroom setting to real
things I can do to stay up to date with this trend. Based off class discussions, there
have been concerns about whether or not 3- D printing will remain an active trend.
are not actively trained to use it, then there is little reason to have the product in the
first place. (Vasquez, 2018) To ensure proper use, I would first train myself in how
to properly use a 3- D printer should the company I work for have one. After, my job
would be to train on-site personnel on how to properly use it. Next, I would seek out
knowledgeable about the latest research and trends with 3- D printing. This might
look like watching videos on 3- D printing or reading peer- reviewed articles on how
other organizations have used the printers and share out findings with stakeholders.
The article shared by Berman (2012) is a great resource for individuals who
want to become familiar with the 3- D printing. The article informs the reader how
the 3- D printing developed. The article showcases the variety of ways in which 3- D
printing can be used. The article is unbiased in that it discusses advantages but also
disadvantages to using it. Topics in the article include: uses, mass customization and
impacts 3- D printing is having on society today. (Berman, 2012) The Web URL, was
an article written by Laura Furguson. In her Web URL she cites how 3- D printing is
fundamentally changing the way in which develop materials and the impact it is
having in a variety of contexts which is not limited to: the industrial and medical
fields. She highlights consumers can find 3- D printed objects in nearly every area of
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our society and the impact that can have on our society. (Furguson, 2018) Dr. Tim
Minshall’s Ted Talk provides the viewer with an exciting look at 3- D printing as a
process. His video focuses on the engineering aspects of 3- D printing. He does this
by introducing the viewers to common terms used in the field and explains 3- D
printing is conducted by using an “additive” process. For which the machine will
repeatedly add more and more material over specific positions on a stage and
eventually you have the creation of your 3- D printed product. (Tedx Talks, 2016)
His video ends by calling for educators to use 3- D printers in education to inspire a
generation of engineers. What was most interesting was his final point is as a society
we need to see what the impacts of 3- D printing will be. He cites that because it is
still a new product, we have yet to see the full impacts it can have for future
acknowledges this trend has long existed, does not fully know its impact on society.
problem with regards pollution of local area rivers and waterways. I would show
students videos of where the problem exists and the impact pollution is having on
the environment. The video might feature impacts on: animals, plants and overall
human health. Next, I would divide students into teams. Students would work
together to draw out a model to a potential solution. Students would take their
drawing and the instructor would provide initial feedback on their model. Next, the
students would use a 3- D Printing program to begin planning out a prototype and
how it might look in the real world. Students would then print out their device and
would analyze and reflect on whether or not additions needed to be made to it. Once
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students made necessary revisions, groups would present their ideas to the whole
class and would receive feedback. The 3- D printer is used as a tool to enhance
student learning. It is not used to substitute student learning as this project takes
Wearable Technologies
are devices worn by a user and gather data. The user can analyze the data and can
make decisions from it. Wearable Technologies can be a variety of devices. This
includes items such as: cell phones, Fit Bits, electronic headbands, shirts, or
augmented reality devices like: Google Glass. Wearable Technologies are useful
tools, which help users make informed decisions about their day-to-day life.
the industry they work in. For example, medical professionals can use wearable
technologies in order to track a patient’s health. The physician may want to monitor
a patient’s heart- rate over an extended period of time. By providing the patient a
device, the physician can track the patient’s heart and make medical decisions based
off the data. Educators can use wearable devices to provide learners immediate
feedback to their students. (Borthwick et al., 2015) Educators can use wearable
devices to immerse their learners in visual and auditory rich environments allowing
While there are many benefits to using Wearable Technologies, there are
some concerns with regards to it. For example, security is a major concern. Similar
to using Learner Analytics, there is a question with regards to who or what entities
have access to the dat. (Borthwick et al., 2015) Other concerns include whether or
not the instructor is able to control his or her class. This is due to students not
remaining focused on the activity at hand. (Borthwick et al., 2015) Further, the
concern with regards to the education gap is frequently brought up with regards to
this topic. Borthwick et al. (2015) mentions because wearable technology pieces are
typically expensive, those who come from lower socio- economic background would
ways in which students learn both in the K- 12 setting and also in the corporate
setting. This is most seen through the use of Augmented Reality Devices. It will have
were better able to replicate a task when the augmented reality device showed a
skill being learned through a first person point of view. This compared to a third
person point of view. This is because when a learner is able to see a task completed
from a first person point of view one is more likely to remember the steps. (Clark,
believe classrooms will have devices such as Google Cardboard, which will allow
learners to have more immersive experiences within their learning. This causes
sessions for clients in the corporate setting. As an Instructional Designer, I will need
to know what a client’s learning targets are for the trainees. Based off this, I will
need to determine whether or not Augmented Reality will benefit the learners. By
reading the latest literature and research, I will be able to make those decisions.
This research will help me understand the nuances of the trend if Augmented
Borthwick et. al., (2015) was an important article. This is because the article
devices many people. This article showcases not only the use of wearable
technology in the training or education setting but also how it is used in the health
care industry. The article cites, helping individuals walk. It also cites how wearable
technologies can track a person’s health in more significant ways. This includes,
monitoring a person’s heart rate over a period of time. The article also highlights
some concerns regarding personal security. The article calls for education
institutions to increase and make more visible their privacy policies so the
(Borthwick et. al., 2015) A helpful video resource was Lauren Constantini’s Ted Talk
(2014) highlights the types of data that can be gathered from using wearable
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technologies. From the video one sees the users can more easily understand data
gathered from technology. Constantini argues the ability for everyone to understand
the data gathered by these devices is a new trend and should be something every
person has the opportunity to have. (Tedx Talk, 2014) Finally, Richard Chang’s
website highlights the future of wearable technologies. Often one might wonder
whether existing trends will stick around or will they go away. In Chang’s article, he
discusses how based off how much money is being spent in the wearable technology
industry, it is likely one that will stay for a long time. (Chang, 2017)
Prior to having the experience, students would learn about the American Civil War.
Students would learn about the North and the South and causes for states seceding
from the Union. Students would also learn about the crucial battle this was for the
North. Furthermore, students would learn about the major generals who fought on
the North and the South. After achieving this background knowledge, students
would take a virtual field trip to Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. Students would be able
to visit the small town near where the battle occurred. Students would see Little
Round Top and Devil’s Den. This experience would be a great educational
conditions troops on both sides endured during the battle. The difficult terrain that
troops had to navigate would strike students. The goal for students would be to fully
appreciate where the battle occurred and allow for learners to be fully immersed
Conclusion
There were five significant trends covered in this course. The trends were:
learners. It is imperative educators stay up to date on the latest research. It will help
ensure learners are getting the best, research based instruction. This will therefore
enhance learner outcomes and help the organization meet their goals.
References:
ADL Initiative (2018, April 5). Demystifying xAPI and Learning Analytics. [Video
File] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S9aPMy08U1I
Bishop, J. L., & Verleger, M. A. (2013). The flipped classroom: a survey of the
research. In 120th ASEE National Conference and Exposition, Atlanta,
GA (Paper ID 6219). Washington, DC: American Society for
Engineering Education.
Brame, C., (2013). Flipping the Classroom. Vanderbilt University for Teaching.
Retrived [2019, June 16] from https://cft.vanderbilt.edu/guides-sub-
pages/flipping-the-classroom/
Borthwick, A., Anderson, C., Finsness, E., & Foulger, T. (2015). Special Article
Personal Wearable Technologies in Education: Value or
Villain? Journal of Digital Learning in Teacher Education, 31(3), 85–92.
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Cisco. (2012, June 21). Katy ISD Transforms Education with Moble Learning. [Video
file]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JCB_Q3gZOf4
Clark, J., Crandall, P., & Shabatura, J. (2018). Wearable technology effects on training
outcomes of restaurant food handlers. Journal of Food
Protection, 81(8), 1220-1226.
doi:http://dx.doi.org.librarylink.uncc.edu/10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-
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Ferguson, L. (2018, October 19) The 3D Printing Revolution [Web post] Retrieved
from https://now.tufts.edu/articles/3d-printing-revolution
Lo, C., & Hew, K. (2017). A critical review of flipped classroom challenges in K- 12
education: possible solutions and recommendations for future
research. Research & Practice in Technology Enhanced Learning, 12(1),
1-22. https://doi-org.librarylink.uncc.edu/10.1186/s41039-016-
0044-2
Pisey, S. H., Ramteke, P. L., & Burghate, B. R. (2012). Mobile learning transforming
education & training. International Journal of Advanced Research in
Computer Science, 3(3) Retrieved from
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com.librarylink.uncc.edu/docview/1443724633?accountid=14605
Siemens (2011). Learning and Academic Analytics, Siemens, G., 5 August, 2011
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Scapin, R. (2018, September 13) Learning Analytics: How to Use Students’ Big Data
to Improve Teaching [Web log post] Retrieved from
https://www.vteducation.org/en/articles/learning-
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analytics/learning-analytics-how-use-students-big-data-improve-
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Tedx Talks (2013, October 14). Flipping the classroom—my journey to the other
side: Jenn Williams at TEDxRockyViewSchoolsED [Video file].
Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y3b9tCmUmA4
Tedx Talks (2014, September 29). Wearable Tech Expands Human Potential |Lauren
Constantini| TEDxMileHigh [Video File]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FESv2CgyJag
Tedx Talks. (2016, June 27) How 3D printing is enabling the ‘4th Industrial
Revolution’| Dr. Tim Minshall| TEDxOxBridge [Video file].
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lsJLZ1UYxGc