Blockchain

BLOCKCHAIN
Adoption in Agri-Food Industry

May 2019
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Executive
Summary
Adoption of Blockchain (BC) in How BC will Transform

Key Enablers & Challenges
Agri-Food Industry Agri-Food Industry
• Agri-Food industry is changing around the globe • BC technology has proliferated and positively • The industry faces challenges such as system
and has witnessed significant changes with the impacted the Agri-Food industry and is expected interoperability, highly complex processes and
aid of regulations, laws, demand, technology, to grow in influence. BC solutions for the Agri- stakeholder scenario, data standardization and
etc. to enhance food safety and encourage food Food Industry range from managing food wastes harmonization, investment trust, and data
trade. However, despite these changes, food to cost reduction. frauds.
insecurity remains a major concern across the
• BC has infiltrated the Agri-Food and has led to • The key enablers driving the upward trajectory
globe.
the overhaul of different challenges in growth of this space include strong
• Beyond the basic BC concepts developments handicapping the industry. These challenges government initiatives for food safety and
including smart contracts, dApps, and platform include food fraud, foodborne illness, food transparency, innovation and differentiation,
and protocols have aided the adoption of the waste, food recalls and crop insurance. rising vale chain uncertainty of revenues &
technology in the Agri-Food Industry businesses, digitization, and its penetration,
• Agri-Food companies have already initiated the
• Advancement of blockchain over these years, use of BC to trace food back to its source more changing consumer preferences.
encouraged enterprises to look for solutions in rapidly than ever possible before. These
this sector. UK’s FSA, Australia’s NTI and US’ companies have even started to rely on these
FSMA have begun or have raised the pitch for platforms to investigate the origin of
using BC technology in the Agri-Food industry. contamination, certify organic provenance of
products, increase shelf life and lessen spoilage
loss.
Executive
Summary
Venturing of BC in Front Runners

Key Segment/Region/Player
the Agri-Food Industry Strategy
• Enterprise firms have paved the way for BC • The early challenges including the lack of • The most prominent focus areas include track
solutions in supply chain management to track technology maturity, insufficient skill sets, and trace (also the most active market players
and trace food throughout the supply chain and regulatory constraints, uncertain return on IBM’s focus) across the supply chain and
find a measure to detect non-compliant foods in investments, etc., have restricted participation logistics and, BC-compatible marketplaces.
the value chain. in ongoing BC developments. However, eying There is expected to be significant development
• The solutions have demonstrated permissioned the untapped opportunities, many players have centered on decentralized applications (dApps)
access to the supply chain’s participants existing started taking an active role in strategic that offer ease of access, universal identities to
systems and how to leverage IoT/AI/ML alliances, pilot project runs, and live projects. producers and increase participation of
capabilities to develop BC enriched solutions for • Majority of BC-enabled Agri-Food Industry pilot consumers and each entity in between.
sharing authenticated and untampered data projects are targeting untapped markets and • Europe and US lead the way with use cases
among these participants. focusing on value mapping and creation for permeating across industry and also because
• BC thus enables producers (farmers, fishermen, stakeholders. major downstream players with potential to
etc.) to create their digital identity on the BC • Most notable global startups have entered or effect the BC landscape are based here.
network, which could be further used for easing plan to enter the BC-enabled Agri-Food Industry • Etherisc, Indigo Ag and Komgo are notable,
processes such as payments or record keeping through pilot projects to offer disruptive innovative and promising start-ups attempting
and other transactions. It enables producers to solutions to all stakeholders while also building a to bridge insurance and farming industries,
obtain a fair price for their produce while strong ecosystem simultaneously. creating value-added marketplaces, enabling
cutting costs for the end-consumer. commodity trading & finance respectively
Key Insights
Adoption of BC in Key Constraints and BC Venturing into

Agri-Food Industry BC Enablers Agri-Food Industry
• Smart Contracts: The technology has opened • Constraints BC addresses: The adoption of BC • BC Venturing into Agri-Food Industry: BC and
several opportunities for banking, finance, across the industry value chain stakeholders can Agri-Food stakeholders are targeting
insurance, trading related Agri-Food segments. positively impact organizing of data to provide elementary areas inducing tracking &
The tech has prioritized inclusivity and tech. novel insights for addressing the industry’s traceability, supply chain management,
enablement in the Agri-Food value chain challenges including international trade, marketplace, farming data integration to enter
• dApps: Accelerate the adoption of the BC tech. transport, regulatory, insurance and ROI the Agri-Food industry
models
at each level of value chain including growers, • Future BC Use Cases: As BC tech. matures and
supply chain players, end-consumers, retailers • Enablers of BC: Scalability, interoperability and the possibility of multi-chain interactions
and even food manufacturers establishing product authenticity by interlinking increases, there is expected to be more
• Protocols & Platform: Create innovative business processes and products are crucial factors for economic incentives and business sense in
models that are token based or otherwise and widespread adoption of BC among agricultural adopting BC specifically in the context of the
re paving the way for higher adoption of BC or primary stakeholders and in the supply chain Agri-Food industry. At present, generating
solutions especially among the unorganized segment. Other enablers of BC adoption at interest among stakeholders that have the least
segments of the Agri-Food value chain. present include sustainability goals, traceability, to gain from adoption including farmers or
stakeholder value, however, direct economic primary stakeholders is the biggest challenge.
Established BC Targets: Track and Trace across incentives and transactional ease would be the Identity creation, inclusive development, direct
supply chain, marketplace and commodity trading ideal gamechangers. trade, scientific and technology advancement
Key Insights
How Business Adopting BC Through Front

Startups: Riding the BC Growth
Runners?
• IT Players : Create consortium or join established • Investment Scenario: ICO funding strategy is
network for track & trace, supply chain apps, dependent on the startups’ BC business model.
sustainability etc. Elaborate developmental efforts involving
• Startups: Collaborate or partner with startups protocol, development platform, ecosystem
(for custom solutions) incase widespread in- creation use this route. However, projects
house adoption or use case is established attracting private equity from institutions with
expertise, enterprise or segmental/industry
• Enterprises: Retailers, food processing players leaders are bound to taste success.
wanting to focus on supply chains or process
tracking may look for providers that integrate • Startups Strategy: Start-ups accelerate adoption
these in legacy or existing products and services by using a bottom-up approach addressing
specific solutions such as farm insurance,
Most BC Agri-Food pilot projects target untapped interoperability and ecosystem management.
markets and focus on value creation at present.
Global startups enter the BC Agri-Food Industry • Innovators/Mainstays: Big firms target prominent
through pilot's projects to offer disruptive solutions players in the organized part of the value chain
such as utility tokenization, payment integration, focusing on track and trace solutions and/or
ecosystem creation, focus on UI & UX, solution and organized sectors such as banking, retailers, etc.
development creation and platforms not wanting to miss the BC wave.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Chapter 2: Chapter 3:

Agri-Food Industry – An Overview Introduction BC Impact
• Food & Agriculture - Global Growth • Blockchain (BC) and how it works: Agri-Food Industry • Stimulating the Agri-Food Industry - Building the
• Agri-Food Industry - Agri-Food Segment Analysis - Adoption 'Blocks' with BC
• Agri-Food Industry - Value Chain Analysis • Blockchain (BC) and how it works: Agri-Food Industry • How BC will Transform the Agri-Food Industry?
- Impact

BC-Agri-Food Industry: Key enablers and challenges Adoption of BC in Agri-Food industry Agri-Food industry - Front runners’ strategy
• Challenges: BC-enabled Agri-Food Industry • BC-enabled Agri-Food: Value Chain Analysis • How the Industry Is Adopting BC through Front
• Enablers: BC-enabled Agri-Food Industry • BC-enabled Agri-Food: Value Chain Key Stakeholders Runners?
– Supply side (Government Traction and Regulatory • BC Use Case: Use Case & Open Cloud Models, Global • Phase-wise BC Adoption in the Agri-Food Industry
Push for Food Safety and Transparency) Use Cases • Front Runner’s Success Story
– Supply side (Innovation and Differentiation - Track • BC-enabled Agri-Food - Adoption across Value Chain
& Traceability) • How is BC being Accepted in the Industry?
– Supply side (Rising Uncertainty) – Overview of Business Models and Ecosystems that
– Demand Side (Changing Consumer Preferences) are Emerging
– Demand Side (Digitization and IT Penetration) – Agriculture/Primary Producer
– Manufacturing/Processing
– Traders/Distributor/Retailers
• BC Impact: Agri-Food Industry Segment-wise
(Technology Adoption Roadmap & Projections)
BLOCKCHAIN – ADOPTION IN AGRI-FOOD INDUSTRY 6

Table of Contents

Startups Story – Regional Adoption & Investment Start-ups’ ecosystem Key Innovators
• BC start-ups expected to •
Scenario WorldCover • IBM
• Startups to Write Regional Stories in BC Adoption disrupt Agri-Food • Sofocle Technologies • AWS
• How BC Startups are Venturing into the Industry? industry
• ChainTrade • SAP
– Startups Investment Routes: ICO • Agridigital
• BlockSyte • Microsoft
– Startups Investment Routes: Non-ICO • FoodLogiQ
• Komgo • Accenture
• Indigo Agriculture
• Ambrosus • Intel
• Provenance
• Etherisc • Alibaba
• Viant
• OriginTrail
• TE-Food Chapter 10:
• Ripe.io Conclusion and Future Roadmap
• Conclusion: An Overview of Current Scenario
• Bext360
• BC-enabled Agri-Food - The future lies here: BC
Stake Holder Value Creation
• BC-enabled Agri-Food - The future lies here: BC
Stake Holder Value Creation - Stakeholder
empowerment & industry consolidation
• IP Approach

Agri-Food Industry
An Overview
Key
Messages
The food and agriculture industry is changing around the globe. Over the
years, the industry has witnessed significant changes with emerging
regulations, new laws, shift in demand, growth in technology, etc., driving
enhanced food safety and encouraging food trade. However, despite these
changes, food insecurity remains a major concern across the globe.
The outlook presented here is a brief overview of the Agri-Food market,

including the trends, and challenges that lay the basis for innovation in this
space.
Food & Agriculture The demand for food products and other agricultural produce, and the Agri-Food market is likely to expand on the back of
a rapidly growing and highly urbanized population worldwide. In the near future, the rising population, with growing
Global Growth household expenditure across all regions is expected to boost the overall market growth.
World World Global

Population GDP Growth Household Expenditure
CAGR: 1.09% CAGR: 6.15% CAGR: 2.14%
2024 7.96 BN 2024 $ 114.6 TN 2017 $ 46.1 TN
2018 7.46 BN 2018 $ 80.1 TN 2011 $ 40.6 TN

Agri-Food Industry Globally, food and agribusinesses is ~ USD 5 trillion industry. In 2016, global food production value was
at USD 2.32 trillion. Globally, export of USD 926 billion and import of USD 962 billion food (excluding
Agri-Food Segment Analysis fish) was reported in 2016.
Global Food Production

Value (USD, TN)
Europe
USD 334 BN
2.32
2.32
Asia
1.8 Americas USD 1,185 BN
USD 560 BN
Africa
USD 207 BN
Oceania
USD 38 BN
2005 2016

Agri-Food Industry
Value Chain Analysis
Food Processing/
Process Agriculture Transportation Distributors Customers
Manufacturing
Activity • Farming • Manufacturing • Supply chain • Logistics

• Growing food products • Processing management • B2B sales
• Raw materials • Packaging • Third party logistics • B2C sales
• Branding • Cross borders logistics
Stakeholders • Farmers • Manufacturers • Logistics providers • Wholesalers

• Poultry, fishers • Processors • Cargo shipment • Traders
• Commodity supplier • Domestic & companies • HORECA
• Seed and plant international • Retailers Major Challenges
providers processors
• Food authenticity
manufacturers and
• Government/state
traders • Unavailability of food
bodies
products
Challenges • Lack of farming • Quality assurance for • Complex trade • Low margins
knowledge raw materials procedures • Food quality -
• Product authentication organic/inorganic
• Access to advanced • Procurement issues • Lack of traceability (organic/inorganic)
technologies
• Complex auditing • Issues in modes of • Customer loyalty
• Lack of finance processes payments
• Value for money • Stiff competition
• Complicated cold chain
• Natural calamities process
• Communication
(networking) • Regulatory compliances

Blockchain
Introduction
BC and How it Works? Beyond the basic BC concepts, the following developments have aided the adoption of the
Agri-Food Industry - Adoption technology in the Agri-Food Industry
Protocols &
Smart Contracts dApps
Platforms
• Beyond the capabilities of the Bitcoin • Ability to embed value added data from IoT • The ability to create innovative business
network, the rise of complete BC networks devices, mobile or other sources has been models that are token based or otherwise has
has impacted the adoption of BC in various accelerated by the dApps feature of cutting- led to a higher adoption of the BC technology
industries including Agri-Food. edge BC tech in the Agri-Food Industry. especially among the unorganized segments
of the Agri-Food value chain. This specifically
• Smart contracts have opened numerous • dApps provide the structure for the
highlights BC technology’s ability to address
possibilities and applications related to implementation of BC-based solutions and are
untapped markets such as crop insurance,
banking, finance, insurance, trading and a boon for various stakeholders from the Agri-
farmer financing, etc.
others that have prioritized inclusive Food industry including farmers, poultry and
technology development of the Agri-Food meat manufacturers, and those involved with • However, the impact of these on the
value chain. fishing and pisciculture (primary actors) organized Agri-Food industry segments is also
among others. commendable and led to process
• This is expected to have a positive impact on
farmers, supply chain participants, traders, • dApps have helped accelerated the adoption improvements across the supply chain, ERP
aspects, commodity trading, finance, etc. to
merchants, and financial institutions, among of BC technology at each level of the value
name a few.
others. chain including growers, supply chain players,
end-consumers, retailers, and even food
processors.

BC and How it Works? The following developments have supported impact areas within Agri-Food Industry
Agri-Food Industry - Impact
Protocols &
Smart Contracts dApps
Platforms
• Encourage marketplace participation of • Incentivization of users as well as contributors • Ability to address niche industry issues such
stakeholders to the development, utilization, management, as track, trace, and sustainability
and improvement of BC
• Ability to provide index-based insurance of • Integration into legacy system as well as
financing products to address untapped • Introduction of oracles, dependable feeds or building of new solutions ground up for supply
markets trust validators for various data and support chain, ERP applications in the industry
services, increases flexibility, and opens up
• Incorporation of business rules and method, • Turns the focus on innovation and eases and
use cases
that could make reimbursement, payments or defines the development technology stack
BC implementation of various business • Creation of UI & UX for each stakeholders, • Leads to development of multiple solutions
processes a reality while leveraging permissioned BC networks that addresses the individual point of views or
and maintaining data confidentiality
• Increase fair-trade practices in the industry the collective point of view of various
and help to improve value propositions across stakeholders
the value chain

Industry
Opinions
“We can deliver the technology, which is basically being used for creating wealth for big corporations at this point but, like the
Internet, bringing it to the level where the individual can use it and also make a big difference in the lives of individuals that may not be
relatively disadvantaged.”
Genevieve Leveille, Founder, AgriLedger.com
“BC technology is still in its early days but has immense potential to transform cross border commerce by reducing friction and
increasing integrity in how things move around the world”
Rob Carter, CIO, FedEX
“We are breaking down the financial, communication and marketing barriers of brokers, sales agents, and other intermediaries that
generate profits by separating agricultural producers, wholesale buyers and consumers. We are eliminating the 3-5% (often more)
sales related fees and replacing this with a 0.5% transaction fee.”
Keith Agoada, CEO, Producers Token
“We know all the steps that our products go through to ensure that they are produced with respect for people, animals and the
environment and we want to show these steps to our customers, in an open and transparent way.”
Marit Van Egmond, Commercial Director, Albert Heijn
Blockchain
Impact
Key
Messages
After proving its mettle in the cryptocurrency world, Blockchain, a distributed
open ledger technology, has started disrupting other industries such as
healthcare, automotive, BFSI, transportation, etc. Over the years, Blockchain
has also proliferated and positively impacted the Agri-Food industry and is
expected to grow in influence. BC solutions for the Agri-Food Industry range
from managing food wastes to cost reduction. This section explains how
blockchain is impacting and addressing different issues of the Agri-Food
Industry and its various segments.
In fact, Walmart, Carrefour, Koninklijke Ahold Delhaize, Nestlé and some

others have already begun to use blockchain to trace food back to its source
more rapidly than ever possible before. Companies have even started to rely
on these platforms to investigate the origin of contamination, certify the
organic provenance of products, increase shelf life and lessen spoilage loss.
Although, other software applications had dominated tracking of their food
supply chains, blockchain's advantage of digitally storing and sending secure
data from multiple parties while eliminating tamper has favored its use.
Blockchain Impact “Stimulating the Agri-Food Industry - Building the 'Blocks' with BC”
Traditional method to BC-enabled method to

trace sourced food trace sourced food
6Days 18Hrs 26Mins 2.2

Seconds
• BC platforms aim to help companies and government officials track food frauds and also locate food originating farms in case of foodborne
illnesses. BC allows real time tracking of origin of a cause, and enables correction or prevention directly compared to just tracking of individual
databases of each stakeholder to generate insights and recommendations around efficiency, increase revenue or productivity, etc.
• BC will help companies and government officials to find a root of cause in real time, saving time and, resources, while also reducing food waste.
In the case of a food recalls, operations can be smoother and more focused. The track and & trace feature and autonomy that BC provides can
arm companies with a competitive edge.

How BC will Transform the Agri-
Food Industry?
Food Fraud Foodborne Illness Food Waste Food recalls Crop Insurance
Traditional insurers do
1 in 10 1/3 USD 10 Mn not offer this due to
24-36% People fall sick globally Average cost
Of ~ 2.15 million tonnes due to contaminated food; Of food produced globally is high cost of
wasted due to poor harvest, administration and
seafood imported in Japan high cost and time to track
is fraud-prone food to origin worsens
logistical issues, market Including lost sales unprofitable nature of
system, or animal death and brand damage
situation business
BC-enabled Food Industry
Food Fraud Foodborne Illness Food Waste Food recalls Crop Insurance
Improved transparency
50+ Increased track and and accountability will Easier and smoother
95%
BC companies' partner to lead to greater accuracy Faster payments
traceability across supply chains and
stop illegal, unreported and and fewer missed compared to traditional
unregulated fishing food chain geo-tagged food help
opportunities insurance.
Walmart with IBM traced
USD1.6-2.4 B its mango’s origin in 2.2 Will lead to cost savings of to detect
contaminated food
BC offers automated
weather-indexed crop
Added to Japan’s GDP from seconds instead of ~7 days USD 25 Bn+
In UK alone insurance
seafood trade as a result

Key Enablers &
Challenges
BC-Agri-Food Industry
Key
Messages
The adoption of blockchain across the Agri-Food industry value chain
stakeholders is a positive development that can help organize data and
provide novel insights for addressing the industry’s challenges. However, for
the successful adoption of the blockchain technology, there must be
significant payback for stakeholders. This section describes the Agri-Food
industry’s specific challenges and enablers.
Scalability, interoperability, and establishing product authenticity by

interlinking processes and products are crucial factors for widespread
adoption of BC in agricultural or primary stakeholders supply chain segment.
Although, it can be agreed upon that BCs are not the be-all and end-all for
the agriculture sector, BC’s potential increases dramatically if some adoption
challenges can be overcome.
Enablers of blockchain adoption could include sustainability goals,

traceability, and stakeholder value at present, However, direct economic
incentives and transactional ease could be the ideal gamechangers. While
digital payments and transactions ushered in a wave of transformational and
disruptive business models in the cab aggregation, food delivery industry,
etc., the Agri-Food Industry too is waiting to explode and live up to it’s full
potential and could ride the identity creation, KYC compliance, security
prioritization, digitization and the IoT waves.
Challenges
Does the BC Development Roadmap have the Necessary Solutions to Fuel it?
BC-enabled Agri-Food Industry
System Interoperability • Enables authenticity (system authentication) Highly Complex Process • Need BC solutions creating ecosystems,
The Agri-Food Industry faces • Business beyond regulatory, economic The process of implementation which address all stakeholders
challenges in sharing, collecting, boundaries powered by decentralized of BC in Agri-Food industry is simultaneously
and analysing information networks will eventually be interoperable highly complex due to the large • Incentivize stakeholder participation in
• Integration through APIs & Interoperability number of unorganized validation process
Protocols under development address this stakeholders • Attract industry biggies (end users),
organized stakeholders (banks, logistics,
etc.) as well
Data Standardization and • Distributed record of transactions or data Investment Trust • Address the conundrum of investment in BC
Harmonization through templates, devices or other sources Lack of investor confidence due solutions of startups through ICOs, private
The Agri-food industry is highly • Sharing of validated data across multiple to high risk in implementation, placements inspite of lacking intellectual
fragmented due to the large networks and nodes as per design infrastructure opacity, and property (IP) backing
number of stakeholders and • Defining the roles of distributed sources of questionable long-term future • Backing of token distribution or startups by
there is a need for organizing IoT, sensor or other data banks, other guarantors or promoters
data
How to establish trust in • Integration of BC with other cutting-edge

technologies such as AI, IoT, ML, Big Data,
Challenges
trust-less system?
Data fraud and establishing etc. offers data validation
trust among stakeholders are • Involve existing stakeholders to validate data Solutions
the major issue for the industry to establish trust in permissioned or private
solutions developed for this industry

Enablers BC-enabled Agri-Food Industry
Strong
Government
Digitization and
Initiatives for
IT Penetration
Food Safety and
BC Venturing into Transparency
Rising Vale
BC-enabled
Chain
Agri-Food Uncertainty of
Revenue &
Agri-Food
Businesses
Industry Innovation and
Differentiation
Changing
Consumer
Industry
(Track &
Preferences
Traceability)

Enablers
The regional governments may not be keen on the adoption or promotion of cryptocurrencies such as
Bitcoin, but BC is another story. Most notably, regulatory authorities and global agencies (e.g., “one step
forward, one step back” EU regulation) across the board have started encouraging BC by partnering with
technology suppliers, participating in pilot projects, or funding BC-based food projects. Most governments
or agencies would likely adopt BC for ensuring compliance, tracing food, maintaining food safety, etc.
• In 2018, the UK Food Standards Agency (FSA) successfully completed a BC-based a pilot project in a
cattle slaughterhouse to ensure compliance in the food sector. In the same year, Australian
government agency NTI partnership with BeefLedger on a pilot project to monitor the production of
Australian beef and its export to Shanghai, China. Other Acts or Regulations across various regions
such Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) in the US have raised the pitch for leveraging BC
technology in the Agri-Food industry.
Supply Side
• The Standards Agency GS1 aims to foster aspects such as governance, interoperability and future
Government Traction and
solutions by recommending open EPICs standards in enterprise BC implementation. The open CBV
standards defined by ISO is also recommended to structure data and avoid divergence of internal
Regulatory Push for Food Safety
systems and data format. and Transparency
The growing interest on BC technology for Agri-Food applications among government agencies/authorities
is not a passing trend. The adoption is expected to increase in the coming years and is likely to fuel the
growing need of BC technology in the Agri-Food industry.

Enablers
• Over the years, F&B players within the Agri-Food industry have been facing heat with rising
competition and oversupply of various F&B products made available through multiple channels.
Therefore, there is a heightened need for product innovation and differentiation for F&B players to
survive in the highly competitive market.
• On one hand as most players in the F&B segment are already looking at cutting-edge technologies
such as BC, IoT, AI, ML, Big Data, etc. to stand out from the competition. On the other hand, BC is
proving its potential by creating unparalleled visibility and accountability in the food supply chain by
connecting the broader set of Agri-Food stakeholders from the grower, processor, distributor, and
retailer segments.
• Unlike other competing emerging technologies, BC identifies problem areas and errors driving
toplines and profitability apart from providing insights and recommendations while aiding in the
Supply Side
development of innovative solutions. Innovation and Differentiation
• Traditionally, F&B companies have been burning millions of dollars in order to tackle challenges such
as food recall, wastage, etc. However, currently, the companies are considering the BC technology as
(Track & Traceability)
the most innovative and cost-effective solution in order to track products.
• Going forward, the F&B companies are expected to focus on seamless consumer experiences with the
help of emerging technologies to differentiate themselves from others. Most notably, BC technology
adoption is likely to witness a significant growth in F&B industry due to the growing penetration of
the overall BC-technology, digitalization, e-commerce and e-tail segments. These developments are
expected to create immense opportunities for BC technology in the F&B industry.

Enablers
• The F&B industry is one of the most dynamic industry segments witnessing constant evolution while
being a part of various industry ecosystems including the FMCG, Agri-Food, E-Commerce,
Commodities, etc. to name a few. This industry segment faces some pain points and problem areas as
a result of rising uncertainties typical of the market that relate to high labor cost, supply chain issue,
stiff competition, financial risk and evolving demographic trends in the marketplace. The industry
players are aware about the impact sourcing of products can have on the environment and on brand
reputation.
• The growing risk in the marketplace makes the scenario challenging for all industry stakeholders. Over
the years, industry players have been continuously looking for a innovative solutions to control rising
cost and uncertainty and BC can eliminate intermediaries, reduce transaction costs, speed up
transactions and trade as well as connect farmers or primary actors with market participants directly
and more efficiently. Opening of forecasting tasks and streamlining of supply chain planning based on
direct buy-sell data and market place dynamics enabled by trustworthy and confidentiality respecting
Supply Side
BC solutions could be a game changer. Rising Uncertainty
• As the Industry 4.0 wave penetrates globally, the Agri-Food industry too would be disrupted. Industry
4.0 will promote lean and smart manufacturing processes that will go beyond the walls of the factory.
Stakeholders from one-step back and one-step ahead will not only be more tightly bound but data
silos will be completely broken down by secure BC implementations of the future. Current technology
developments (IoT, AI, ML or Big Data) would be replaced by the integration of database specific
features deeper within BC solutions to drive future data-enhanced organizations.

Enablers
• The F&B industry segment specifically has always been driven by changing consumer tastes from time
immemorial. Additionally, today’s tech-savvy and socially-connected consumers have been influenced
and affected the constant changes in the industry. For instance, the global demand for organic food is
expected to cross USD 250 billion by 2022, due to rapidly growing awareness regarding the health
benefits of organic food consumption.
• Today’s generation including millennials and generation Z are more inclined towards healthy foods
and have a strong inclination to understand the product journey. Additionally, with today’s ease of
access to information, customer loyalty is directly proportion to availability of product information.
Customer lock-in could eventually be an essential part of the future B2C relationships that BC-backed
social apps could achieve while respecting privacy, infusing gamification and naturally contributing to
customer acquisition as well as establishing rewards and incentive mechanisms or platforms.
• In the light of these trends, industry stakeholders too are gradually aligning themselves to address
Demand Side
changing consumer preferences. The growing challenges such as stiff competition, lower profit
margins, high cost of production, etc. are forcing the industry players to shift their focus to integrating
Changing Consumer Preferences
cheaper but cost-effective emerging technologies led by BC to serve the ever-changing consumer
demand flexibly and with agility.

Enablers
• Digital transformation affects not only the primary stakeholder segment but also the F&B segment of
the Agri-Food industry operations. BC technology has the potential of making a significant impact in
the operating models of these segments of the industry. At the ground level, most BC-enabled service
providers are targeting smartphone/tablet users in the end-consumer population through dApps
services while at the field level more primary stakeholders are participating and benefitting from
similar innovations (additionally including IoT devices, sensors, RFID tags, etc.) that embolden them
to join the BC ecosystem. The growing penetration of smartphones is creating opportunities for
service providers in remote areas.
• One macro statistic that affects almost all industries is the total number of Internet users across the
world that stands at about > 4 billion at present. In fact, the internet user's penetration rate that
stands at 57% currently and its outstanding growth rate projects this as the trend reshaping the IT
landscape and adoption of IT-enabled products and services as the single biggest driver for BC
mainstreaming as well.
Demand Side
• Going forward, the overall digitization wave in the Agri-Food industry is likely to benefit BC technology
Digitization and IT Penetration
adoption. Some specific immediate use cases include the rising consumer demand for track and
traceability for F&B products that is expected to fuel the adoption of BC in this industry. It will be
easier for the service providers in this space to commercialize their services as they already would
have access to readily available, techno-savvy, and socially-connected consumers.
• BC's proximity to data privacy goals emerging globally (e.g., GDPR) is high. Therefore, future
businesses that rely on private data for success will have to group up behind BC-powered innovative
platforms that could be the only solution in this scenario.

Industry
Opinions
“Customers trust us to help them put quality food on their tables for themselves and their families. We have to go further than offering
great food at an everyday low price. Our customers need to know they can trust us to help ensure that food is safe. These new
requirements will help us do just that”
Charles Redfield, EVP, Walmart
“With the goal of making fresh food more affordable and accessible, lowering cost includes “ot only removing the need for the supply
chain middle-men but also the agricultural lender”
Alvaro Ramirez, CEO, eHarvestHub
“I think blockchain technology is probably the rails in which an integrated app at Starbucks will be sitting on top of."
Howard Schultz, Executive Chairman, Starbucks
“Become the leader of the food transition for everyone is the aim that Alexandre Bompard (CEO) has set for the Carrefour group.
Making use of blockchain technology is an exemplary step in meeting this aim. This is a first in Europe and will provide consumers with
guaranteed complete transparency as far as the traceability of our products is concerned."
Laurent Vallée, Head-Quality & Food safety, Carrefour
BC Adoption
Agri-Food Industry
Key
Messages
BC technology has the potential to bring much-needed transparency and
traceability to the Agri-Food industry. The technology application has a
complex procedure and involves different BC stakeholders along with the
Agri-Food industry stakeholders. Now at an initial stage, BC-enabled Agri-
Food service providers are targeting elementary areas to enter the industry
that have potential to grow multi-fold including supply chain, identity
management, tokenization, marketplace creation and trade related
platforms. This section includes details about BC-based technology solutions
with possible business models, adoption stages of BC in the industry, and
real-world use cases.
While the BC world has seen a host of business models and strategies that
traverse concepts of finance and funding (ICOs, Private Equity, Spin Off,
Subsidiaries, etc.), revenue models (Development of Protocols, Platforms,
Applications, Marketplaces, Tokenization of Utilities and Assets, Enterprise or
Legacy Platform Integration, BaaS services, Cloud Services, Identity Services,
Payment Platforms, Interoperability Enablement); there is a clear sign of
disruption in the Agri-Food domain unlike any other domain that BC traces.
While other industries like finance or healthcare look at the spectrum of
transactions and data monetization strategies, the needs of the Agri-Food
industry are stitching standalone use cases that will explore the side of BC
that is as yet unexplored and the underlying BC technology itself that is vast
in it’s capability and futuristic in the true sense.
BC-enabled Agri-Food
Agri-Food
BC Fabric Protocol Blockchain-as-a- Software-as-a-
Stakeholders
Providers (BC-FP) Providers (PP) Service (BaaS) Service (SaaS)
(AFS)
Business Activity Business Activity Business Activity Business Activity Business Activity
• Code • Software Templates • Software Development • Architecture • Business Rules and
and Building Blocks Methods Definition
• Development • APIs • Software & UI/UX
Framework • Smart Contract Development • Upgrade Legacy
• Network Infrastructure
Deployment
• Primitives • Templates • Backend Development
• Integration &
• Data (Manual, Sensor
• Storage • Rulebooks Interoperability • Integration &
or IoT-based, etc.)
• Computing • Standards Features Implementation
• Data Analysis and
• Networking • Best Practices • Cloud • Process Improvement
Insight
& Innovation
S. No. Target Business Model Value Chain Involvement

1 Flexible as per use case – Customized Product/Specific Product or Tools BC-FP + PP + BaaS +SaaS + AFS
2 Industry level products BC-FP + BaaS + AFS OR BaaS + AFS
Possible Business Models 3 Customized for Enterprise BC-FP + SaaS + AFS
for BC-enabled Agri-Food 4 Consortium or Industry Ecosystem BC-FP + PP + BaaS + AFS
5 Set of apps for an Industry PP + BaaS + AFS
6 Consumer apps for a specific Industry PP + SaaS + AFS
7 Customized for Industry BaaS + SaaS + AFS

Agri-Food
BC Fabric Protocols Blockchain-as-a- Software-as-a-
Stakeholders
Providers (BC-FP) Providers (PP) Service (BaaS) Service (SaaS)
(AFS)
Ethereum Providers may provide their services as per various applications AgriDigital Goodr • Producers
WorldCover Dyne
Hyperledger IBM • Processors/
Foodlogiq Inspecto Solutions Manufacturers
Stellar SAP
Indigo Agriculture Ecogistix
• Logistics
Graphene Microsoft Azure Provenance The Fork
• Suppliers
R3 Corda Accenture Viant WhatsHalal
Blocksyte FoodChain • Distributors
Multichain AWS
Bext360 Procurant • Retailers
Waves Network HPE
Ripe.io Seafood Souq • Restaurants
Quorum Intel CHEX Strain Secure
• Consumers
BlockApps Alibaba Chain Trade Vinsent
• Government and
Chain Core TE-Food Sofocle Omniaz
Compliance Agencies
FoodCoin Agri360
Ant Blockchain Ambrosus
AgriLedger Farm2Kitchen • Insurers
Etherisc
Demeter Connecting Food
Origintrail AgriChain Gustos.life
Tokes Platform Transparent Path Bytable Foods
BitCliq New Craft Beer
Heraspace Grainchain

Microsoft Azure - A cloud computing service offered by Microsoft to build, test and deploy
Use Case Model for BC in Agri-Food various applications and services. It mainly provides SaaS, PaaS and IaaS. This is a use case
template that would best represent the needs that could emerge in a domain such as Agri-Food.
Microsoft Azure Workbench

Industry Solutions Middleware
Azure BC Workbench: This is tool offered by Microsoft that allows developers to deploy
a BC ledger along with a set of relevant Azure services used to build BC based POC’s – Financial Services, Manufacturing, • Distributed Ledger Gateway
applications Retail & CPG, Healthcare, Public Sector Services
Strategy: Microsoft is adopting three-part strategy to grow its BaaS, which includes Professional Services • Identity & Key Services
following;
Horizontal SaaS & Adopters • Crypto Services
1. Build and learn from key partner driven POC’s built on top of various blockchains
2. Grow the BC marketplace ecosystem • ML & BI Services
3. Develop Key Azure BC middleware services to ensure infrastructre is enterprise ready
Key Participants: Basic Platform Providers, Middleware Service Providers, Industrial 1st Party 3rd Party
Solution Providers
Platform Providers: The platform providers will include BC fabric providers as well
providers of tools and services which offer resources to build own BC applications and Base Platform
services.
Distributed Ledger Stacks
Middleware: They will mostly include Gateway, API, Key Service providers for different
applications running in the background to providing interoperability between different Crypto
Ethereum Quorum
types of data bases. Delegate and Azure – Blockchain
Cryptlet Hyperledger MultiChain Resource Provider
Industrial Solution Providers: The providers of industry specific solution which cater to Architecture
the specific challenge of the industry
Graphene Digital Asset

Microsoft Delivers an open, broad and flexible cloud across stack. This has been targeted at
Microsoft Azure - OpenCloud creating a developmental environ for enterprise-specific applications of BC. A similar need exists
Model & BC in Agri-Food to organize and group among the participants of the Agri-Food BC ecosystem targeted to address
real world problems and develop sticky solutions.
Azure BaaS App Frameworks & Applications Databases
Infrastructure Management Clients

Global Use Cases Agri-Food Adoption Around the Globe in Various Value Chain Segments
Track & Traceability Track & Traceability

Pork Mango, Pork
BC-FP+SaaS+AFS BC-FP+PP+BaaS+AFS
Farm- AgriDigital partnered with pig Distributor- Walmart partnered
farmers in Papua New Guinea to track & with IBM and developed a
trace pig health throughout the pigs life decentralized food supply chain
span aimed at tracking Mango and Pork
Insurance Track & Traceability

BC-FP+PP+BaaS+AFS Food
Agriculture- Etherisc has partnered with Track & Traceability, Payments BC-FP+PP+BaaS+AFS
Commodity Trading,
Oxfam & Aon in Sri Lanka to facilitate Coffee Distributor- Carrefour along with IBM
Soyabean
crop insurance to thousands of paddy BC-FP+SaaS+AFS developed a solution to bring more
BC-FP+SaaS+AFS
small-farm holders Manufacturing- Kahawa partnered with transparency to its food supply chains
Trading- Komgo partnered with
Bext 360 to track the origin of coffee & Consensys, Banks and Traders to
create a system to facilitate payments develop a BC enabled solution for
traders
Track & Traceability Track & Traceability,
Sea Food Wine
BC-FP+SaaS+AFS Track & Traceability, Track & Traceability Track & Traceability BC-FP+SaaS+AFS
Fishery- Provenance partnered with Swiss Cheese Spirits Coffee Manufacturing- OriginTrail conducted a
International Pole & Line Foundation, BC-FP+PP+BaaS+AFS BC-FP+SaaS+AFS BC-FP+SaaS+AFS pilot with Plantaze to track and trace
Humanity United to track Tuna Fish Manufacturing- Ambrosus developed a Manufacturing- TE Food partnered Manufacturing- Cofidec partnered with wine from manufacture till it reaches
BC to track & trace & maintain quality of with Last Best Brewing & Distilling to TE Food to track its coffee through out consumers
Swiss Cheese in distribution deliver a new and engaging the supply chain to ensure better
consumer experience transparency
Payments Track & Traceability,
BC-FP+SaaS+AFS Tomatoes
Fishery- Provenance BC-FP+SaaS+AFS
Track & Traceability Track & Traceability Track & Traceability,
partnered with FairFood to ensure to Agriculture- Ripe.io developed its own
Sea Food Berries Vanilla
develop a transparent way to process solution on the graphene blockchain
BC-FP+SaaS+AFS BC-FP+PP+BaaS+AFS BC-FP+PP+BaaS+AFS
payments of farmers fabric to track and trace tomatoes
Fishing- Viant partnered with WWF to Agriculture- Naturipe Farms is working Agriculture- Ambrosus partnered with
develop a traceability solution to trace with SAP to effectively track & trace its Premium Foods to develop a solution to
fish from the Fiji Islands to the end berries to increase efficiency and track & trace of vanilla
market increase value

Adoption across Value The BC technology involves and connects all major stakeholders across the value chain. It helps to increase value
preposition of the products and services.
Chain
Food Processing/ Traders/Distributors/
Process Agriculture Transportation Customers
Manufacturing Retailers
The BC technology adoption changes stakeholder’s role drastically to shift from reactive to proactive. Currently, they need to upload every activity, process on the
database, and include BC technology experts to provide seamless transactions across the value chain
• Upload data on raw • Get information from • Receive info. about • Run ML forecasting • Scan QR code via app
materials, fertilizers, farmers and process products (passbook) • Provide app for end • Gets products insights
process on database accordingly • Choose 3PL as per all customers such as quality, origin,
• Use RFID chips proving • Add QR codes to data points such as • Provide information on suited recipes etc.
Activity free range packaging customer delivery date, customer preferences • Earns points in cross
• Track weather and • Ensure quality, process etc. and other insights company loyalty
other important and product • Review storage • Double spend programs
elements parameters at each instruction and flexibly avoidance, validate • Reduction of
manufacturing stage optimize network trade & payment intermediaries where
applicable and cost
Stakeholders – • Farmers • Manufacturers • Logistics Providers • Traders savings
Impacted due • Seed and Plant • Processors • Cargo Shipment • HORECA • Connect to farmers and
to BC Providers • Domestic & Companies • Retailers primary stakeholders at
technology • Government bodies International • Supply Chain and ERP • Financers the grassroot level
• Insurance Providers Processors, Solution Providers • Insurers
Manufacturers and
• Financers and Banks
Traders
Adoption Stage High Low Medium Medium

How is BC being Accepted in the
Overview of Business Models and Ecosystems that are Emerging
Industry?
BC Fabric Established Target

Providers (BC-FP) Ethereum, Hyperledger, Stellar, Graphene, Track & Traceability
Corda, Multichain, Waves Network, etc. • Farmers: Agricultural Food Products
• Fishing
• Retailers and HORECA
• Food Processing/Manufacturers
Integration with other technologies
• IoT Sensors, Satellite (GPS)
New BC-enabled
PP + BaaS IBM, SAP, Microsoft Azure, Accenture, AWS,
HPE, Intel, Alibaba, Ambrosus, Etherisc, etc. Loyalty Programs
Business Model • HORECA
Track & Traceability
Supply Chain Management
AgriDigital, WorldCover, Foodlogiq, Indigo Long-term Target
SaaS Agriculture, Provenance, Viant, Blocksyte, Marketplace
TE-Food, Bext360, Ripe.io, CHEX, ChainTrade, Farming Data
In the long-run, focus is on creating BC-enabled food
Sofocle, etc.
ecosystem to focus on;
• Interoperability for commodity exchange
• Scalability to increase margins
Agri-Food The integration of BC technology with the • Establishing insurance & payment gateways
industry is at a nascent stage, and BC is • Integration with other emerging technologies such as AI,
Stakeholders expected to gradually become an integral
Wholesalers, Retailers, HORECA, and Others 5G, and ML
(AFS) part of the value chain while initially co-
existing with legacy systems before
disruptively becoming a mainstay
In the long term, the industry is likely to witness significant developments towards creating ecosystems that will offer seamless customer services and
further integration of all industry stakeholders
Agriculture/Primary Producer
Industry?
BC Fabric Key Takeaways

Providers (BC-FP) Ethereum, Hyperledger, Graphene • Ethereum and Hyperledger are the most popular BC
Use Cases fabrics
• Stores, secures and transfers • The segment is majorly dominated by startups, that
data focus on the highly unorganized agriculture market
• Most adopted business models for Food Processing
• Offers track and traceability and Manufacturing are as highlighted below:
PP + BaaS across value chain in the form
SAP, Ambrosus, Etherisc, Tokes Platform
of authenticity, validity, fraud-
prevention, etc.
• Creates transparency by BC-FP + PP + BaaS + AFS

offering product information
AgriDigital, Provenance, Viant, Ripe.io, to consumers
SaaS AgriLedger, Demeter, AgriChain, Heraspace,
Inspecto Solutions, Ecogixtix, Foodchain, • Allows integration of other
Agri360, Farm2kitchen, Connecting Food, emerging technologies such BC-FP + SaaS + AFS
Grainchain, FoodCoin as IoT, AI, ML, etc.
• Increases operational
Agri-Food efficiencies and identifying
problem areas
Stakeholders
(FBS) Farmers, Fishermen, Organized F&B Industry

Viant - Use Case Agriculture/Primary Producer
BC Enabled Track & Traceability for Primary Producer Viant Pilot Project
In the year 2017, the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) partnered with Viant and Step 1
Primary food producer
TraSeable Solutions to develop a transparent and traceable BC-based supply chain for Fishermen attached the fish with RFID
fresh and frozen tuna. tags as soon as the fish was caught.
Fishermen used their cellular data for
Key Participants: The pilot involved stakeholders throughout the supply chain of fish, this & the app automatically updated
which included the primary producer, regulator, processor, distributor, retailer and the the data to BC cloud
consumers. Processor
The Solution: The BC-enabled solution provided a digital footprint for the traditional Step 2
Regulator approved the landing of fish
supply chain and constructively addressed the problem of traceability in the global
on port & accordingly updated the
seafood supply chain. ledger with predefined parameters
Distributor
Benefit to Primary Producer: This BC-enabled solution helped the primary producer by
mapping the commodity beyond international borders, also it considerably eliminated
the possibility of fraud as well as wastage and ultimately provided better incentives. Step 3
Fish was then shipped to a processor,
Benefit to Various Stakeholders: Stakeholders throughout the supply chain benefited
whereby the RFID tag stayed with the
from the data interoperability, which helped in managing inventory substantially. With fish till packaging & replaced with a QR
the automation of data, human intervention was minuscule & hence the possibility of code after packaging
errors became tertiary, also the solution targeted the facilitation of faster payments by
Retailer
bringing transparency in logistics deliverables. Step 4 & 5
Benefit to Consumers: The biggest benefit was to the end consumer because the The packaged fish was then dispatched
solution authenticated the value the consumer is buying by providing a holistic to destined markets through the
solution, which established trust and integrated it by multi-fold back into the supply distributor & retailer networks. The
chain. consumer at the end could track the
Consumer entire journey of fish through QR code

Manufacturing/Processing
Industry?
BC Fabric Key Takeaways

Providers (BC-FP) Ethereum, Hyperledger, Stellar • Ethereum and Hyperledger are the most popular BC
Use Cases
fabrics
• Offers track and traceability
across value chain for quality, • Global IT players (PP+BaaS) are majorly focusing on
purity, contamination, etc. offering seamless customer services to food
processors and manufacturers
• Creates transparency in • Most adopted business models for Food Processing
PP + BaaS Origintrail, Ambrosus, AWS, IBM, SAP, supply chain, suppliers, and Manufacturing are as highlighted below:
Alibaba, Microsoft Azure sources
• Allows data sharing among all

stakeholders BC-FP + PP + BaaS + AFS
• Solves the problem of
SaaS TE-Food, Bext360, Transparent Path, BitCliq, counterfeit food inputs or
Gustos.life, New Craft Beer ingredients as well as
processed products BC-FP + SaaS + AFS
• Supports regulatory bodies by
authorizing compliance
Agri-Food standards for food trading
Stakeholders • Allows fair trade payment
(AFS) Manufacturers, Processors

OriginTrail - Use Case Manufacturing/Processing
BC Enabled Track & Traceability in Manufacturing OriginTrail Pilot Project
Slovenia-based Origintrail, which provides Software as a Service (SaaS) for decentralized

Manufacturer Step 1
networks, partnered with TagItSmart Technologies and Plantaze to develop a BC based Manufacturer attached every bottle of
solution to eliminate counterfeiting of wine. wine with a QR code. QR code data is
recoded in an immutable ledger
Key Participants: The pilot involved stakeholders throughout the supply chain, which
included wine producers, logistics providers, distributors, and retailers.
Logistics Provider
The Solution: The BC technology-enabled solution eliminate the need for trust Step 2
between supply chain participants, and help develop a parallel framework, which is Logistics provider scans QR code,
more transparent and more vivacious. makes entry of various parameters till
goods reach the distributor
Benefit to Wine Processor: This BC enabled solution help the manufacturer in bringing Distributor
more transparency and traceability across its supply chains, accelerating the process
and enhancing efficiency. Step 3 & 4
Distributor logs onto the predefined
Benefit to Various Stakeholders: Stakeholders throughout the supply chain gain from parameters & dispatches goods for
data interoperability, which help in managing inventory substantially. The solution retailer whereby retailer logs
facilitates faster payments by bringing transparency in logistics deliverables. information.
Retailer
Benefit to Consumers: The biggest benefit is to the end consumer, as the solution
Step 5
authenticate the value the consumer is buying for by providing a holistic solution which Consumer checks the authenticity by
introduces trust and integrates it by manifold back into the supply chain. scanning the QR code that provides
traversal info, which is hashed with
solidity function.
Consumer

Traders/Distributor/Retailers
Industry?
Key Takeaways
Use Cases • Hyperledger is most trusted format for distributors
• Stores, secures and transfers • IBM is most active in this segment and offer its
BC Fabric services through the “IBM Food Trust” consortium
data
Providers (BC-FP) Hyperledger
• While several other companies such as Blocksyte
• Offers track and traceability
can integrate and connect suppliers to end-
across value chain and helps
customers (retailers) through the ‘IBM Food Trust’,
manage suppliers, product
its own BC solutions or other proprietary BC
recalls, etc.
solutions. However, their work-around solutions
• Provides detailed information could be costly for individual suppliers that have
PP + BaaS certain legacy systems in place and look for
IBM about product authentication
and prevents fraud, integrations or even in the case they opt for a BC-
adulteration, etc. ready ground up supply chain solutions
• Integrated BC solutions that include banks and
• Allows data sharing among all financial institutions promoted by banks-backed
stakeholders consortiums or providing payment solutions gaining
Agri-Food popularity in commodity trading transactions
Stakeholders • Integration and
Traders, Wholesalers, Retailers, HORECA, etc. interoperability of payment, • Most adopted business model for Traders and Food
(AFS)
finance stakeholders in BCs distributors, retailers, wholesalers, HORECA, etc. is:
BC-FP + PP + BaaS + AFS

Komgo - Use Case Traders/Distributor/Retailers
BC Enabled Trading for Buyers and Sellers Komgo Pilot Project
Switzerland based Komgo partnered with Consensys Solutions as the technological Komgo platform to bring Step 1
expertise provider along with Louis Dreyfus Company(LDC), Shangdong Bohi Industry, Buyers & Seller together Buyer and seller enter into a smart
ING, Societe Generale and ABN Amro to develop a BC based solution for the contract on Komgo & the seller
agricultural commodities sector requests Letter of Credit from the bank
Step 2
Key Participants: The pilot involved stakeholders through out the supply chain of
Bank Bank review’s smart contract, LoC and
agricultural commodities including the following: commodity seller, financial institution
issues & confirms on BC
(bank), logistics provider, agents, inspector and buyer
Step 3
The Solution: The BC technology-enabled solution offered by Komgo accelerated the Agents & Inspectors issue the
financing processes & optimized industry operations of commodity trade while document which include Bill of lading,
digitizing the transactions, the solution also solved the crucial problem of trust Agents & Inspectors Certificate of Quality and Quantity
between buyers & sellers by leveraging the trusted source of documents on a Step 4
distributed immutable ledger The seller presents these documents
Benefit to Buyer: This BC enabled solution helped reduce the cost base by 20-50% and to bank electronically
Documents
eliminated the possibility of fraud during long freight journey and ultimately provided Step 5
better purchasing power while facilitating ease of doing business globally ‘Autochecking’ matches documents
with LC conditions & highlights any
Benefit to Various Stakeholders: Stakeholders through out the supply chain benefited
Autochecking documents discrepancies
with 30-40% increased cash flow, data interoperability accelerated the process related
to financial institutions, which unlocked increased oppurtunities for sellers as well as Step 6
buyers with assurance of quality in turn providing a pool of incremental gains for If all the conditions are met the bank
logistic providers and handlers allows everything & assets are
transferred & simultaneously the
Transfer of authority from payment is made
buyer to seller

BC Impact
Technology Adoption Roadmap & Projections
Agri-Food Industry Segment-wise
Food Processing/ Transportation/ Distributors/
Factors Agriculture Customers
Manufacturing Logistics Retailers
Customers are looking for

Revenue solutions that seamlessly
offer the benefits of BC
solutions. Therefore it can
Cost be predicted that
integration of BC-solutions
to existing IoT, App
Capital Ecosystem, AR/VR, NFC,
Payment and Identity-
linked capabilities of
Social mobile devices may
ensure the true success of
Track & Trace, Insurance, Track & Trace and Quality No specific use case Track & Trace provides the BC solutions that are
Financial Empowerment driven by logistics push. Efficiency, fraud & hitting the market. Also,
Use Case are the prime focus areas.
UI and UX along with
are the prime focus areas. Equal adoption of stakeholders. Top down & problem identification are
Level Dominated by Ethereum- Ethereum & Hyperledger bottom up stakeholders the prime focus areas. analytical or secure big-
Analysis based BC adoption. Farm solutions. Coffee, Vanilla, drive adoption in the Agri- Hyperledger is the front data capabilities would
outputs and sea food are Spirits products are Food industry. Adoption of runner. MNC’s focus areas also drive adoption among
priority applications. priority areas. Technology BC in this segment is of improving SCM along various end-customers at
Technology support of supporting through IOT, growing due to legacy ERP with QR code, standards, whom the BC solutions
tags, QR Code, Standards, QR code, standards & and SCM integration. RFID, AR/VR, IoT technologies are targeted including
IoT, etc. certifications, legacy ERP IoT, 5G, connected cloud support adoption. stakeholders from the
systems, etc. technologies also driving trading, logistics
adoption. segments, among others.
High Medium Low N/A

Industry
Opinions
“It’s important to distributors, restaurants, markets, and, of course, customers to be able to trace each fish through a value chain.
People won’t buy any more if they feel misled. It’s a big issue. People will eat more fish and be healthier if they know its story”
Lars Torp, Partner, EY Skye
“There are of course certain nuances to trading different products, but a significant proportion of our platform offering is applicable
across a wide spectrum of commodities. Once we have launched our energy and agricultural modules, the combined market we shall
be addressing is a staggering USD 8 trillion per annum. This represents perhaps the largest untapped digital opportunity available
today.”
Matthew Botell, Co-Founder, TradeCloud
“As this type of traceability results in high transparency, the best case scenarios are: if it is a governmental introduction (like in
Vietnam) or a private company asked it (HALAL project). We also help to identify the points in the processes where traceability has
been blocked and work to overcome these issues.” on being asked how supply chain participants are convinced to co-operate
Katalin Vereczkey, Crop Expert, TE-FOOD
Front Runner’s
Strategy
Agri-Food Industry
Key
Messages
The early challenges including maturity of technology, insufficient skill sets,
regulatory constraints, uncertain return on investments, etc., have restricted
participation in ongoing BC developments. However, sensing the untapped
opportunities, many new entrants have started taking an active role in
forging strategic alliances, pilot project runs, and live projects. This section
describes about Front Runner’s role in the Agri-Food industry and their
strategy to venture into the ecosystem.
How the Industry Is Adopting BC
Combining the Organized and Unorganized Bits of the Agri-Food Industry
through Front Runners?
Target of BC Solutions for the Unorganized Industry Target of BC Solutions for the Organized Industry
• Promoting farmer equity (Tech., Logistic, Financial support) • Consortium development
• Supply chain integration (without making ground up • Improving existing tools, software, apps and processes
products to enable quick adoption) BC Integration • In-house process improvement or problem area
• Addressing the unaddressed market needs of sectors like Agri-Food Industry identification
banking, insurance, etc. • Ensuring competitiveness in industry & securing existing
• Development of token economies, protocols and platforms business models or revenue
for targeted industry value chains • Industry specific solutions that have huge opportunity like
• Ecosystem creation for promoting use of developed banking, trading, insurance, commodity marketplaces,
solutions infusing multiple stakeholder participation Front Runners contract farming, etc.
• Track and trace, sustainability & other needs of end Running the show • Solutions or technology stack that will drive BC adoption
consumers/retailers etc. that are niche use cases
• Innovate by integrating emerging tech.-IoT, AI/ML, Big Data,
etc.
How are Businesses Adopting BC Through Front Runners?
IT Players Startups Enterprises

Create consortium or join established network for Collaborate or partner with startups (for custom Retailers, food processing players wanting to focus on
track & trace, supply chain apps, sustainability etc. sales) incase widespread in-house adoption or use supply chain or process tracking may look for providers
case is established that integrate these in products and services.

Phase-wise BC Adoption in the
Who or What has been a success in the context of BC in the Agri-Food Industry?
Agri-Food Industry
Startups Startups + Enterprises

Current Targets of Pilot Projects IT Infrastructure Achieved Targets of Launched Projects
• Protocol or platform development • Tokenization • Tracking of problem areas
• Ground up API, app or software development • Cryptocurrency • Integration with legacy systems
• Standards and certification integration • DLT • Marketplace ecosystem
• Ecosystem building • dApps • Addressing the needs of the organized sector
• Apps for unorganized sector or Digitization • Smart Contracts • Consortium-based approach
• Consensus mechanism • Storage Apps • Insurance, Finance and Bank Initiatives
• Stakeholder value creation • Database management • Trading and Commodity Applications
• Stakeholder incentivization • Identity & KYC • Supply chain Integration and Logistics
• Interoperability – API, Interchain • IoT & Other Bundling
Key Insights:
• Development of BC-based IT infrastructure has increased BC robustness and validated the implications of BC, however, commercial relevance and success is yet to be fully achieved
• Majority of BC-enabled Agri-Food Industry pilot projects are targeting untapped markets and focusing on value creation. Most notably, global startups plan to enter the BC-enabled
Agri-Food Industry through pilot projects to offer disruptive solutions to all stakeholders and to build a strong ecosystem. Furthermore, most of the pilot projects are focused around
track and traceability, financial and marketplace solutions and aim to create an ecosystem and increase the participation of specific stakeholders including primary stakeholders
(farmers, poultry or fishing operators), commodity trade participants and food processors, etc. The startups themselves or involved in protocol, platform, apps and solution
development by leveraging the tokenization, open-source, flexibility of BC fabrics & coding languages and existing BC solutions.
• On the other hand, enterprises and major IT players approach BC solutions for the Agri-Food industry through a consortium-based approach targeted at specific problem areas.
Typically consortiums include stakeholders having a considerable scale of operation, resources or established players in the retail, supply chain, banking, finance or insurance
industries. IT players’ business models are built around aiding enterprises in developing in-house platforms, offering interoperability and streamline process flow by leveraging legacy
systems.

Front Runner’s Success Story
IBM Food Trust Details Participants

• Dole Food – Connects audit data to BC
Solution-as-a-Service (BaaS) Live Growers with Centricity as a grower partner.
Transporters
since Trace time
• Golden state foods
Permissioned
October ~2.2 sec
2018 • Emerson – incorporating
Distributors cold chain technology across transport
Transporters
Built on Hyperledger Fabric • Tyson Foods
>500,000 • Dennick Fruit Source
traces till Processors • Nestle
Transporters
Compatible with Produce Traceability
date • Unilever
Initiative GS1 (128-PTI)
• Smithfield
• Carrefour - tracks and traces chicken,
Retailers
Transporters
Benefits eggs and tomatoes from farm to store.
Food Trust Platform Details • Increase supply chain efficiencies with real- This technology allows Carrefour’s
time shared and immutable digital ledger alignment with its CSR – Act for Food.
• Tracing module: Tracks food products Technology • Albertsons Companies - tracks and
Transporters
Suppliers
• Certification module: Verifies • Decrease food fraud due to data sharing traces romaine lettuce
provenance of products that are • Walmart
• Reduce waste by identifying causes
certified (as non-GMO or organic) Certification • Kroger
Transporters
• Build brand trust by warranting the quality Providers • Topco Associates
• Data entry and access module:
of food • Wakefern
Upload, manage and access data
• Ensure food freshness, sustainability and • 3M – Connects food safety diagnostic
Consumers
safety due to data-visibility equipment to BC
• BeefChain

Industry
Opinions
“Blockchain technology has the potential to be transformational for us as we further build differentiation on our fresh brand. Food
safety is a very significant step. In addition, the provenance of the products enabled by Blockchain — the ability to track every move
from the farm to the customer’s basket — can be very empowering for our customers.”
Anuj Dhanda, CIO, Albertsons Companies
Startups Story
Regional Adoption &
Investment Scenario
Startups to Write Regional Stories in
BC Adoption Europe
• Active BC Start-ups : 10+
North America • Ongoing: Solutions in track and trace

High across supply chain, followed by
• Active BC Start-ups : 10+ Adoption Rate trading and solutions for
• Ongoing: Solutions in track and High interoperability
trace across supply chain, Adoption Rate • Start-up Funding: Distributed over
followed by trading and ICO and Non-ICO routes
commodity marketplace
• Start-ups and usage by food industry
• Start-up Funding: Mostly via the enterprises accelerating BC adoption
Non-ICO route
• Key Hotspot Areas: UK
• Maximum BC related initiatives
through investments, and start- • BC-enabled Food Industry Focus:
ups accelerating BC adoption Track and Trace
• Key Hotspot Areas: USA APAC

• BC-enabled Agri-Food Industry • Active BC Start-ups : <10
Focus: Track, Trace and Trading • Ongoing: Solutions in track and trace
across supply chain
• Start-up Funding: Distributed over
ICO and Non-ICO routes
• Maximum BC related initiatives
through investments, and start-ups
accelerating BC adoption
• BC start-ups across the world are focusing on providing solutions to developing or farming dominant
Medium
Adoption Rate • Key Hotspot Areas: Australia,
countries such as Africa. As a result, Africa shows good adoption rates in regions of Kenya and Ethiopia. Singapore
Similarly, Vietnam also uses a lot of BC solutions for track and trace at the grower level.
• Many start-ups are also focusing on social responsibilities and insurance activities for farmers. • BC-enabled Food Industry Focus:
Track and Trace

How BC Startups are Venturing into
the Industry?
Startups Investment Routes: ICO
• ICOs have not quite been the poster boys of the BC industry as expected, however, they did garner a lot
of market interest and traction in the last two years. Looking at the stats of ICOs launched in the years
2017 and 2018 it has become rather evident that they aren’t making the grass green on either side, i.e.
neither benefitting the investors nor the start ups and other participants. In fact, the party left most high
and dry have been investors.
• The trend of ICO funding has impacted the Agri-Food sector and related services as well. For instance,
ChainTrade has been inactive for well over a year and has failed to find partners from the intended
industries and even facing difficulty to convince professional investors to support their initial vision. In
fact, the support for the ChainTrade Physical platform too rested on interest shown by private equity that
impressed on the startup’s business models to stay focused on trade finance. The token also seems to be
inactive in trade and has nil market cap as on date.
• As per an EY report “86% are now below their listing price; 30% have lost substantially all value. An
investor purchasing a portfolio of The Class of 2017 ICOs on 1 January 2018 would most likely have lost
66% of their investment. Of the ICO start-ups we looked at from The Class of 2017, only 29% (25) have
working products or prototypes, up by just 13% from the end of last year.” This clearly points out the
weak support for ICO as a investment vehicle for BC startups. With ICOs themselves being nascent,
leveraging them to fund Agri-Food BC startups does not seem to be a profitable or efficient route given
that excessive and unplanned funding and spending trends for achieving developmental goals of BC
solutions by startups
• On the other hand, there are some success stories through ICOs investment that the food and
agriculture industry can study. For instance, Etherisc has opted for an ICO due to its strong value
proposition for the insurance industry and the need to back its ecosystem using transaction tokens, risk
pool tokens, among others.

How BC Startups are Venturing into
the Industry?
Startups Investment Routes: Non-ICO
• Over the last year or so, the ICO hype has slowed down dramatically, while equity funding in BC
companies has taken the front seat. Additionally, there is an increasing need for tangible components
including consulting, business guidelines, scalability, connection to the industry influencers, proof of
concept, etc. other than funding to ensure success of BC startups. Also, BC startups are looking for long
term investment relationships that can be fulfilled through equity funding.
• Success Stories:
• Ripe.io: The CEO of the company, Raja Ramachandran has commented in an interview that ICO
isn’t going to work for the company as there is an inherent issue with the token economics that
are currently in place for agriculture or food applications or just any application in general. The
company’s strategy is steeped in integration and publishing of data leveraging IoT and BC and
therefore has not been aggressive towards tokenization
• Sofocle: This company has not opted for the ICO model as it has already focused its efforts on
enterprise BC-based solution development.
• Some success stories of equity funding in BC startups that the food and agriculture industry can study,
and replicate are enterprise platforms like komgo (built on Kaleido by Consensys), Adhara and Trustology
in addition to solutions from DAH, Hyperledger, Corda, and Ripple that have appealed to adopters
looking for business outcomes. Similarly, the track and trace focused business model of IBM’s ‘Food
Trust’ network that has been developed in-house and backed by IBM’s own funding and resources too
shed light on the importance of a viable business model to be established even before embarking on
developmental goals such as developing a platform, ecosystem or marketplace, etc.

Startups
Ecosystem
BC Startups to Disrupt Agri-Food
Industry
Track & Trace Commodity Trading

BC-enabled Food
Start-ups
Ecosystem
Marketplace
Crop Insurance

Founded: 2015
AgriDigital provides a cloud-based traceability and commodity management platform that transforms the way
Headquarter: Sydney, Australia grains are sold, bought, and stored. It has successfully connected buyers and sellers to sell assets via BC.
Total Employees: 11 – 50
Technology Details Investment Details Clients/Partners
BC Solutions BC Backbone BC Type Funding Type National Grow Register

Venture Capital CBH Group
Track and Trace Ethereum Private Platform
Funding Raised
• AgriDigital’s platform generates a digital title, which is held in the grower's digital wallet. When the buyer receives
USD 5.5 Mn
the commodity, payment is made to the grower via BC-triggered atomic payments.
• AgriDigital platform is given various kinds of inputs by the grower, like the quantity and quality of the commodity, Lead Investors
to generate a digital title token on BC.
Square Peg Capital
• Until the payment, the grower has clear ownership of the digital title token that represents physical grain delivery
and therefore, the security of their asset.
• The payment on the BC is made using a second token Agricoin, which is pegged at 1:1 with the Australian dollar. Token Name
The smart contracts execute the payment in parallel with the traditional banking methods. After the payment is AgriCoin
made, the Agricoins are destroyed.
• It uses digital asset protocol and smart contract-driven workflows and drives payment to respective entities in the
real currency instead of BC tokens.
Major Insights
• AgriDigital has raised USD 5.5 Mn in capital via the non-ICO route. The company is betting on launching something it calls a “true token” – AgriCoin, that would function within the BC to represent
and complete real time payments.
• The company is also exploring ways to make payment in fiat currency within the platform by partnering with agriculture-focused Rabobank to pilot a bank-backed token.
• It will launch a new platform by 2020 in major countries around the globe. The company will target not only big farmers but also small grain growing farmers as well, to bring them onboard to the
platform.
• The funding raised will help them to expand into North America.
• AgriDigital has transactions whose value equals to more than USD 1 Bn and more than 3000 active users on its platform, who have transacted more than 6 Mn tons of goods.

Founded: 2006 FoodLogiQ is a frontrunner in SaaS for food traceability. The company offers end to end solutions for different
aspects of a food supply chain. It offers a cloud-based solution on supplier transparency and traceability, which
Headquarter: Durham, USA leverages great value in food company supply chains. In 2017, the company was recognized by Forbes Magazine
Total Employees: 11 – 50 as one of the top 25 most innovative AgTech startups.
BC Solutions BC Backbone BC Type Funding Type Food Industry BC consortium

Venture Capital + PE National Restaurant Association
Track and Trace Hyperledger Public Platform
Testo
Funding Raised American Frozen Food Institute
• FoodLogiQ plans to integrate data from IoT sensors to its already existing traceability solution, Food Connect.
USD 31.8 Mn GS1 US
Using BC, the company wants to ensure more traceability and transparency.
World Quality Services
• The FoodLogiQ platform utilizes various type of data from IoT sensors such as temperature of food and
surrounding environment conditions. Lead Investors
• The company has, to its advantage, an already developed ecosystem of food traceability solutions specifically Testo
developed to manage and monitor, track and trace, as well as recall and response food commodities. Tyson Ventures
• It plans to use QR code technology in partnership with GS1 US to make its BC solution unique and cost-effective.
According to FoodLogiQ CTO, most companies are
• FoodLogiQ plans to incorporate major technological innovations like AI and ML in its BC platform.
jumping into BC pilots without understanding business
problems and plans to help companies in this regard to
extract commercial value in this nascent technology
regarding its impact on the food industry.
Major Insights
• FoodLogiQ Labs - the innovation arm of FoodLogiQ is operating a project aimed at launching a BC Consortium with their customers including AgBiome Innovations, Subway/Independent Purchasing
Cooperative, Smithfield Foods, Testo, and Tyson Foods among others.
• As the company has been a well-established player in this space for some time, the ICO route is something that would be least preferred by the company when an existing pool of interested
investors and stakeholders have already shown interest and have also extended capital, developed partnerships and even have worked out a roadmap for creating consortiums.
• FoodLogiQ claims to use the raised funds to accelerate the expansion across the food industry, product enhancements, R&D and to expand sales and marketing.
• The existing broad customer base of the company in the food service, food manufacturers, food retailers, growers, co-packers and produce marketers is expected to bolster the company's initiatives
in this sector.
• FoodLogiQ piloted a project on food BC in Q3-2018 and has 7,000 registered businesses on its platform in more than 100 countries with 8 Mn successful tracking events related to food safety.

Founded: 2014 Indigo Agriculture manufactures cotton, corn, wheat, soybean, and rice seeds coated in a casing of beneficial
microbes to help withstand stressors such as heat and drought and use fewer chemicals while boosting
Headquarter: Boston, USA productivity. The company is working on the traceability, production, and goods movement to help with the
Total Employees: 101 – 250 inventory management using BC.
BC Solutions BC Backbone BC Type Funding Type Anheuser – Busch

Venture Capital Better Cotton Initiative
Track and Trace Hyperledger Public Platform
Funding Raised
• The company’s plans for BC integration have not been fully disclosed. It is expected that the BC-based platform
USD 650 Mn
could form the basis of its international expansion plans, that would expand the capabilities of its marketplace and
make it more robust and reliable for buyers, sellers, and all stakeholders.
• The startup plans to leverage BC for dematerializing the barter debt market. The case in point here is the Brazil’s Lead Investors
Agricultural market, where Indigo has partnered with BART.Digital, that has successfully employed BC technology Investment Corporation of Dubai
to its barter services. Activant Capital
• Indigo is currently trying out five different technologies with more than 15 startups and gathering 129 different
data streams — such as soil temperature and moisture at different depths, humidity, and wind speed.
Major Insights
• Indigo has raised USD 250 Mn in Seed E funding to develop a digital marketplace for farmers. With a successful launch of its digital marketplace, the company plans to go public and offer an IPO.
• It plans to expand in Brazil and other countries and offer solutions for farming, marketing platforms, contracts and logistics all with BC technology.
• Indigo has also explored and facilitated several innovative products and solutions that include seed treatment, financing, agronomic services, quality testing, certified cropping, contract production
and transport, among others.
• For its research purpose Indigo has enrolled more than 120 growers with whom it tests more than 100 technologies on 50,000 acres.

Founded: 2014 Provenance offers brands with its digital solution to bring more transparency in their supply chain. Through its
Headquarter: London, England software solution, brands can easily gather information about their supply chains and present them with
verified data in support.
BC Solutions BC Backbone BC Type Funding Type Humanity United

Venture Capital + PE Soil Association
Track and Trace Customizable Customizable
International Pole and Line
Funding Raised Foundation
• Provenance offers customizable solutions built on BC to brands and to enhance traceability in their supply chains. Grass Root Farmers Co-operative
USD 1.1 Mn
• The startup has primarily focused on Ethereum to develop its SaaS platforms, although it has claimed to have
expertise in utilizing the Bitcoin platform as well.
Lead Investors The 2017 funding was secured from an impact
• Provenance has worked with a considerable number of brands ranging from food, fashion and textile for track and
Working Capital Fund investing initiative of Humanity United, a part of the
trace solutions using BC.
Peter Gabriel Omidyar Group. The other investors include Merian
• It is collaborating with fintech start-ups to supply the technology to test whether BC technology can help unlock Ventures founder Alexsis de Raadt-St. James, BC
financial incentives that improve transparency and sustainability in supply chains. investors Digital Currency Group (DCG), startup
accelerator Plug and Play Tech Center and some UK
angel investors including the Angel Academe, and
John Taysom.
Major Insights
• Provenance raised USD 800,00 through private investment just before it launched a service for ensuring transparency in the food and beverages industry in July 2017 to enable market launch in UK
and outside UK, apart from an initial grant funding.
• It plans to use the recent funding to accelerate the product launch timelines. In addition to its existing services, Provenance aims to provide financial solutions based on BC, and become a wholesome
provider of all supply chain needs.
• It plans to target a defined set of customers including consumers, and food businesses to provide traceability and sustainability data, while aligning and seeking partnerships with standards
organizations, NGOs, and auditors. The company plans on making its value proposition unique, and at the same time free from a fund-raising initiative requiring an ICO.
• Provenance helps big brands like Unilever and Co-op to make their businesses more transparent and sustainable.

Founded: 2017 Viant is a Consensys-incubated company that has built an asset and domain agnostic BC-based supply chain
Headquarter: New York, USA platform. It provides BC-based platform for tracking assets using real time data, modelling business processes
and building future supply chains.
BC Solutions BC Backbone BC Type Funding Type GlaxoSmithKline

NA Microsoft
Track and Trace Ethereum Public Platform
Traseable Solutions
Funding Raised World Wide Fund of Nature
• Viant’s platform uses three main components:
NA Imaginea
• Modeler – It models a business process, asset attributes, and set permissions
Sea Quest Fiji Ltd
• Smart Builder – It auto-generates the smart contract and user interface at the end application Lead Investors
• Tracker – It is used to track assets along the supply chain and move them at the desired location NA
• Viant uses RFID technologies to track commodities by its geo-location.
• It uses Proof of Authority (PoA) instead of other consensus mechanisms such as PoW to achieve greater
performance and energy efficiency.
• Viant uses InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) to store large data sets which are distributed technology for storing
files like documents and images.
• The company is also exploring fintech in supply chain and has plans to incorporate technologies like Near Field
Communication(NFC) to gather more data and payments.
Major Insights
• The company has worked on a pilot project in collaboration with TraSeable Solutions, a Fijian ICT provider adept at BC implementations at the ground level. It has conducted a pilot project for WWF
for track and trace across tuna fish supply chain.
• Application programming interface (API) approach provides customization and integration to legacy ERP systems, which makes it a ready to deploy platform.
• The company plans to price the Viant (variable as per use case) and TraSeable (fixed cost) software platforms on a per month basis and has provided basic cost estimates for stakeholders that plan to
leverage their platform.
• The company has evidently not opted for the ICO route as they have defined specific applications such as in the food supply chain and also identified stakeholders that would invest in the launching
of such products.
• Viant is not specific to any industry and hence its Tracker component can be applied to provide asset tracking solutions in many industries such as healthcare, oil and gas, real estate, etc.

Founded: 2016 TE-Food provides traceability solutions for food (currently livestock and fresh-food) throughout its supply chain.
Headquarter: Budapest, Hungary It not only connects supply-chain companies and consumers, but also government authorities that provide and
authorize compliance standards for food trading.
BC Solutions BC Backbone BC Type Funding Type Auchan Retail

ICO Cofidec
Track and Trace Hyperledger Public/Private
Tier 1 Network
Funding Raised Hamill Farms, Canada Malting Co.,
• Transactions on TE-Food can only be done if an individual or firm owns their tokenized software licenses called Red Shed Malting and Last Best
USD 19.1 Mn
TFD (ERC20 token on Ethereum BC). These tokenized licenses are further distributed into sub-licenses, based on Brewing & Distilling
the country of implementation, making the holder eligible to trigger tracking transactions on the BC.
Lead Investors Islah Venture and PIHH
• As tokens can be exchanged, license holders change and the user-base of companies can increase.
• Consumers get TFD as a reward for using TE’s consumer mobile app in retail, reading the QR code, and viewing NA
food history. Thus, the system incentivizes conscious consumer behavior.
• It also has a concept phase TFS token (stable coin), which is a privatized wallet token for maintaining a private BC. Token Name
• In the downstream of the supply chain, the platform leverages QR codes and RFID tags to trace the source of the TFD
food using their API. On the client layer, the system has a mobile app, consumer app, sensor hardware and
authority control tools.
• TE-Food plans to add machine learning to allow consumers to get insights about the food quality from its photo.
Major Insights
• TE-Food’s business plans for an extensive use of the TFD tokens is yet to take off. At present a partnership with Auchan (world’s 13th largest retailer) has taken off and has moved from a project
directed at traceability of pork sourced from Vietnam to the planned adoption of TE-Food’s platform in five countries including France, Italy, Spain, Portugal, and Senegal.
• Although this seems to be a good sign, there is not much appreciation in the value of the TE-Food token other than small bursts in the price of the token and the slight increase in the market
capitalization. However, the movement and activity of its token would serve as an indicator of its success in the near term.
• Revenue will be generated by supplying ID materials and from transaction fees, to the supply chain participants.
• Currently, the company handles 400,000+ transactions per day and revenue for 2018 was USD 350,000.
• The TFD-token also features in the ‘Blockchain Activity Matrix’ by Block'tivity that tracks activity of various BCs.

Founded: 2017 Ripe.io is creating a BC for tracking food from ‘farm to fork’, further using IoT at its core. The “BC of Food”
Headquarter: San Francisco, USA connects farmers, distributors, processors, traders, restaurants, grocers, and consumers. The data obtained
maps the food journey to consumer.
BC Solutions BC Backbone BC Type Funding Type Western Growers

Seed United Fresh Produce Association
Track and Trace Graphene Public Platform
PMA
Funding Raised IC foods, which is an IoT
• The BC stores data regarding the foods’ transportation from farmers, distributors, processors, traders, and grocers consortium for ontology of food
USD 2.4 Mn
to consumers. quality
• The company has focused on establishing chain of custody and the combining of BC with inexpensive IoT sensing
equipment to bring data points including growing conditions and the transit conditions that food experiences Lead Investors
before reaching the consumer. Maersk Growth
• These sensors further give additional ontology data on the quality of the food, such as growing time and ripeness. Relish Works Inc.
This data is then communicated to all the participants.
• It has participated in a pilot project with the National Pork Board for food traceability and has also partnered with
FlavorWiki that provides a platform for flavor, texture and aroma data acquisition and analysis and links it to
consumer preferences.
• The platform is not single food specific and can be used for any commodity such as fish, meat, fruits and
vegetables.
Major Insights
• Ripe.io plans to use its recent funding to increase its global presence and to serve the entire food industry.
• Currently, it works privately with organizations, however, they plan to evolve into an API, which will be beneficial globally.
• The company proposes to build a ‘data bridge’ to eliminate data and harmonization problems of agriculture and food supply chain actors. The company had an initial partnership with Analog Devices
(also working with ‘Consumer Physics’ focused on spectrometry) in a project titled ‘Internet of Tomatoes’, before focusing on the BC-based product that is currently being developed.
• Raja Ramachandran, CEO and co-founder of the company claims that the technology could help farmers to increase their sales and pricing, while big companies on the buyer side look at risk
management and providing more information to their consumers.
• The company’s strategy is steeped in integration and publishing of data leveraging IoT and BC and therefore has not been aggressive towards tokenization. According to the CEO, ICO isn’t going to
work for the company as there is an inherent issue with the token economics that are currently in place for agriculture or food applications or just any application in general.

Founded: 2016 Bext360 develops technologies and provides Software as a Service for supply chain management in the food and
Headquarter: Denver, USA agriculture sector, for developing countries. BextMachines and platforms allow fair trade payments and allowing
transparency and traceability across the supply chain for small-holder farms.
BC Solutions BC Backbone BC Type Funding Type Kahawa 1893

Seed Moyee Coffee and FairChain
Track, Trace, Trade Stellar Public Platform Foundation
Funding Raised Coda Coffee
• BextMachines distribute coffee crop/cherries using data analyzed by AI and machine vision. The data includes Great Lakes Coffee
USD 3.35 Mn
quality, size of the beans and ripeness amongst others. The traceable data is then shared on the Bext360's SaaS
Bext-to-Brew platform to enable buyers to view and analyze the data.
• Based on this data, buyers trade directly for the coffee beans. If the farmer accepts the trading amount, money is Lead Investors
directly transferred leveraging the BC enabled-machine to the farmers’ mobile app. SKS Venture Partners
• The solution further records data related to farmer identification, quality, purchasers and payouts on the BC.
• Trade is further carried out across the supply chain allowing exporters, importers, wholesalers, and retailers to
embed the technology into their supply chains.
• The trade transaction tokens map the journey of the produce throughout its supply chain cycle. Consumers can
also track the produce cycle using QR codes embedded on the final product to trace the coffee origin.
• Bext360 coffee machines “BextMachines” use artificial intelligence, machine visions and BC technology to
safeguard fair trade practices across the supply chain.
Major Insights
• The software that supports immediate or instant digital payment to farmers is the BC-based technology platform developed by Stellar and through its associated cryptocurrency Lumen (XLM). The
application being linked to Stellar’s BC can also be used for transactions such as loan repayments, local taxes and other financial commitments connected to farmer’s other accounts apart from the
intended use for facilitating immediate payments to farmers.
• Bext360 is planning to use the funding into expand into new verticals, including cotton, palm oil, cocoa, nuts, seafood and timber.
• The company has not explored the ICO option so far although it had released a pitch document in September 2018 intended to showcase the value proposition behind the venture in the case it ever
opted for an ICO.
• The “BextMachine” can process ~50 kilograms of coffee a minute. Bext360 has spent 18 months on training the machine algorithms to analyze and identify cherry details.
• Bext360 tokens are used for transactions, payments, smart contracts, etc.

Founded: 2015 WorldCover is a New York and Africa-based climate insurance provider to smallholder farmers. It offers farmers
Headquarter: New York, USA protection against climatic conditions like droughts and floods with BC-triggered satellite-enabled rainfall
monitoring systems.
BC Solutions BC Backbone BC Type Funding Type Environmental Analysis and

Remote Sensing
Venture Capital
Crop Insurance Ethereum Public Platform National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Funding Raised Administration
• WorldCover provides crop insurance through dApp using BC technology. Reinsurers ensure policyholders by a
USD 6 Mn Weather Analytics
systematic push of funds to a smart contract, that triggers when certain climatic conditions are met. The reinsurers
are provided with regular dividends. Nephila Capital
• The company collects weather data from Environmental Analysis and Remote Sensing, or National Oceanic and Lead Investors Lloyd’s Syndicate
Atmospheric Administration that automatically triggers a payout, when conditions of the contract are met. MS&AD Ventures
• From farmers it collects data to develop a smart contract, such as data about location, crop type, amount insured
for, public key, insurance documents etc.
• The company pays farmers with mobile money, facilitating ease of access to farmers and helping in easy approvals The company had been earlier funded to the tune of
of insurance claims. USD 25,000 as grant capital in 2016 by the impact
investing fund, ‘Catalyst Fund’. It received mentoring
from Omidyar Network and was also a company
launched out of the Winter 2016 class of Y-combinator.
Major Insights
• Currently, WorldCover focuses on African countries and has invested over USD 1 Mn for research in Ghana. It aims to develop products for several cereal crops through the amount invested.
• WorldCover has raised USD 6 Mn Series A funding in 2019. With this funding, it aims to expand its crop insurance offerings to other emerging markets such as India, Mexico, Brazil, and Indonesia. In
the next 18 months, the company plans to launch its services in the Indian market.
• The company seeks investors and plans to directly link them to their insurance products and plans to execute their business by partnering with microfinance institutions, NGOs, governments, banks,
agri-businesses, and F&B companies, among others.
• WorldCover’s estimated revenue is USD 2 Mn.
• The company has provided access to simple and affordable crop insurance via smartphones for more than 20,000 farms in Ghana, Kenya and Uganda.

Founded: 2016 Sofocle, subsidiary of Prolitus, offers customized BC solutions for companies to enhance security, authenticity
and transparency of their transactions across various industries healthcare, education, food supply chain, and
Headquarter: Noida, India electronics. It broadly offers services in three categories: BC consulting, BC development and Hyperledger
Total Employees: 51 – 100 development.
BC Solutions BC Backbone BC Type Funding Type Technology Partners: Microsoft,

Trusted IoT Alliance, Enterprise
Incubator/Accelerator
Track and Trace Hyperledger, Ethereum, Multichain Public/Private Ethereum Alliance, MultiChain
Funding Raised
• Sofocle’s BC solutions include Association Partners: Nasscom,
NA
• SofoCap – based on Hyperledger and smart contracts that enables seamless supply chain financing. IAMAI, SME Chamber of India,
• SofoPay – based on Hyperledger, which uses smart contracts designed to streamline Procure-to-Pay process. FICCI, ASSOCHAM India, CII
Lead Investors
• SofoChain – to record the quantity and transfer of assets in the various stages of supply chain. Bosch DNA
• Certiza – a product for issuing, verifying and storing digital records with ease and transparency.
• Zeeve – a BC enabled Infrastructure as a service (BlaaS), is a platform that allows developers to create their
own BC ecosystem. It is also a marketplace that allows developers to list their dApps and monetize them.
• Twist – a BaaS platform with Infrastructure management on demand.
• The company has also embraced a technology stack that is primarily dependent on open-source tools.
Major Insights
• Sofocle focuses on custom Supply Chain Industry solutions with a focus on the Food and Agriculture applications through its ‘SofoChain’ platform focused on the ‘Food Supply Chain’.
• It is also part of the Bosch accelerator/incubator program targeted at promoting disruptive innovations with an eye on aligning the innovations and the start ups with Bosch’s Business Units.
• The company has not opted for the ICO model as it has already focused its efforts on enterprise BC solution development. As the company is targeting several industry sectors other than agriculture
and food, the timeline of specific product development or launch related to this industry segment is as yet unclear.
• Currently, Sofocle is focused in India and APAC region, in the future, the company is looking forward to expand in the MENA and African markets.
• The company is working on the product scalability and adding new features and enhancing the team.
• Awards won by the company include: Best accelerated BOSCH DNA 2.0 Start-up award for 'Certum (SofoChain)'‘, Technoviti Awards 2019 for ‘Insurra’, Most Innovative BC Solution for 'Certum
(SofoChain)'‘ and Fintech Valley BC Startup Challenge 2017 ‘SofoCap‘.

Founded: 2017 ChainTrade, a part of the Blue Tiger group, is one of the first BC-based trading platforms to buy or sell futures
and options on commodities such as food, metals raw materials and energy. The company offers mainly two
Headquarter: Singapore services, viz., ChainTrade Physical, a software suite for participants in the physical trading space, and ChainTrade
Total Employees: >90 (group employees) Exchange: a platform for trade trading in tokenized commodities.
BC Solutions BC Backbone BC Type Funding Type Tokes Platform Metrc

Seed + ICO eCann Tokken
Trading Ethereum Public Platform
Media Colorado
Funding Raised grownetics Green Lab
• ChainTrade offers a decentralized trading platform, which uses permissioned BC-based smart contract. Kind Financials Cannabis
USD 9 Mn + USD 30 Mn
• It uses forward contracts based on delivery or cash settlement to authenticate its obligations between parties. PhylosAgricor Benchmarks
• Members can list forward contracts on the platform, which can be accessed by buyers and sellers around the Lead Investors Laboratories Trichome
globe. The platform provides price fairness in unregulated and illiquid markets using BC. Cannabis Institute
Blue Tiger
• Contrary to other BC solutions, the platform does not eliminate brokers. Rather, it leverages the expertise of these Reorts
brokers to bring value on the execution side of physical trades, thus making them active participants.
Token Name ChainTrade aims to capture 5% market share of
• ChainTrade Physical is a software that comprises a price identifier on one end, and an execution tool on a
commodity derivatives, i.e., USD 100 Bn by 2020.
permissioned ledger on the other end. This reduces costs and increases productivity. CTT The company plans to attract traders and investors by
• A CTT token - ERC20 token, is a utility token used for the payment of transaction fees, and to trade the smart offering competitive fees, i.e., traders are expected to
contracts available on the platform. pay less than half of the current fees due to its lean and
efficient platform.
Major Insights
• ChainTrade’s platform will provide equal access to all traders worldwide, i.e., no special advantages such as co-located servers or better fees for the biggest players.
• All trades are proposed to be recorded on the public Ethereum BC, while non-trade related data will be recorded on a separate delegated proof of stake chain.
• The platform is currently focused on food and agriculture commodities linked futures and options contracts only and plans to include other non-food commodities as adoption increases.
• The ICO closed with mixed results and the project had last split into two - one focused on exchange for crypto currencies called Nebula (further trying to explore the ICO route by swapping with CTT)
and the other called ChainTrade Physical (trying to go the equity route), started with a focus on trading other assets (non-food/agricultural). Total supply of CTT tokens is 42,034,200.
• The company has been inactive for well over a year and has failed to find partners from the intended industries. They are facing difficulties in convincing professional investors to support their initial
vision. The token also seems to be inactive in trade and has nil market capitalization.

Founded: 2018 Blocksyte provides a BC solution platform and dApps adaptable to multiple industries. It provides end to end
Headquarter: New York, USA solutions unifying BC and RFID technologies. It provides a full end to end application and API for certificates, BC
secured data, documents and smart contracts.
BC Solutions BC Backbone BC Type Funding Type International Foodservice

Manufacturers Association
Bootstrapped
Track and Trace Hyperledger Private Platform CF Cold Storage
Funding Raised BC in Transport Alliance
• Blocksyte takes care of hardware integration into multiple enterprise BC networks via its manageable system.
NA
• The company uses IoT sensors for monitoring, tracking, controlling temperature, humidity, and quality of product
– all in real time. They are also capable of providing GPS location, shock, tampering, and altitude data.
Lead Investors
• Blocksyte dApp is hosted on the IBM global cloud, which helps small and medium-sized businesses to optimize
their business operations. NA
• The company provides both the open source Apache license Hyperledger platform-based as well as IBM BC-based
solutions.
Major Insights
• Blocksyte business model involves hardware integration in the form of hubs and tags associated with truck fleets and shipment-associated tags to a custom BC platform that the company would
provide as per requirement.
• Apart from traceability, containment of food bore illnesses, fraud and theft prevention it is claimed that compliance to customer demands and regulatory parameters can be achieved by leveraging
the platform developed by the company.
• The company is a bootstrapped bottom-up start up that has not sought funding either through the ICO or Venture Capital placements as it develops custom solutions for specific supply chain
applications.
• The company aims to take its product to enterprises which are small and medium and sell its offering to provide a competitive edge to them, Blocksyte’s estimated revenue is USD 4.4 Mn.
• In May 2019, Blocksyte launched an enterprise version of its SaaS-based BC application for supply chain industry.

Founded: 2018 Komgo, a Geneva-based startup, was launched by a consortium of 15 companies. The company provides BC
platform to facilitate transactions between extractors, traders and financiers to transform commodity trade
Headquarter: Geneva, Switzerland finance by increasing efficiency and security. The company acts as an independent entity. The platform offers
Total Employees: 2-10 two solutions: 1) harmonize verification of customer identity and 2) digitize letters of credit
BC Solutions BC Backbone BC Type Funding Type ABN Amro, BNP Paribas, Citibank,
Crédit Agricole CIB, Gunvor, ING,
Corporate
Trade and Commodity Finance Ethereum Private Platform Koch, Macquarie, Mercuria, MUFG
Bank, Natixis, Rabobank, Shell,
Funding Raised
• Komgo has developed an Ethereum-based BC powered open platform for commodity trade finance. The platform SGS, Societe Generale
USD 15 Mn
offers federated context with ‘privacy by a design’ feature. This ensures participants of the transaction, that
entities who are not involved with the transaction, cannot access this permissioned data.
• The company uses data transfer system known as Kite, which allows data sharing between transacting parties Lead Investors
without Komgo seeing the details of the transaction. This data cannot be misplaced or manipulated. Funding from companies of the
• The company has developed a protocol, which ensures interoperability with other industry platforms. consortium
• The company makes data secured and transparent by time-stamping the data ensuring its immutability.
Major Insights
• Komgo’s focus is to improve letter of credit and the auto-match function and to add letters of indemnity. The auto-match function identifies any discrepancy between the documentation and the
letter of credit and will automatically trigger human intervention to review the discrepancy.
• At present, the company is focused on the energy sector. Once matured, it plans to focus on commodity sectors.
• The company is planning to target crowded agribusiness sector, where its predecessor Easy Trading Connect has already executed the first BC transaction for soya beans with Louis Dreyfus Company.
However, the sector has a lot of problems to solve, creating opportunity for new competitors.
• Further, Komgo has geographical advantages as it is based out of Geneva, which is home to 35% of the world oil trade, 50% of the trade in sugar and coffee, and 35% of the world’s cereals, oilseed
and rice trade. Also, Switzerland has corporate tax advantages and the region claims to have 40-60% of the world’s trade finance activity.
• The company is working on the second round of funding this year. According to Souleïma Baddi, CEO of the company, nine (out of 15) of the existing stakeholders will reinvest in the latest funding.

Founded: 2017 Ambrosus provides a decentralized protocol for tracking, storing, and transmitting supply chain data using IoT
sensors. The company provides the infrastructure to develop open sourced industry-specific ecosystems on top
Headquarter: Belize City, Belize of the Ambrosus' network. The technology is not food sector focused and can be used across most industries
Total Employees: 51 – 200 that allow for BC adoption.
BC Solutions BC Backbone BC Type Funding Type PREMIUM Goods: Madagascar

bourbon vanilla
ICO
Track and Trace Ethereum Public Platform Consortium: PrintoCent
Funding Raised Community for Industrialization –
• Ambrosus focuses on leveraging IoT sensors for its BC network AMB-NET. Any interested individual or firm has BD and manufacturing of printed
USD 30 Mn
access to AMB-NET, IoT devices, tools such as SDKs, etc. intelligence
• IoT sensors are placed at every supply chain cycle point, wherein data integrity is required. These sensors collect Blendhub
data including temperature, pH, surrounding conditions based on the mode of industry applications. AMB-NET Token Name
H!VE Honey
leverages on sensors for an added layer of integrity. Amber (AMB)
Flatev
• Smart contracts store commercial agreement information between manufacturers and the corresponding supply
chains on AMB-NET. In case of dispute between them, sensor analyzed data is added onto the BC using these
automated smart contracts that self execute.
• The team further provides tools and modules for the development of new dApps for specific supply chain use
cases, which are interoperable with Ethereum protocols.
• Furthermore, the company provides its token to perform transactions on its BC. Ambers are required for
incentivizing nodes to perform operations or validating data.
Major Insights
• Ambrosus has worked with a number of pilot projects with a host of partners including some projects in the supply chain and logistics domain related to foods.
• The company has executed pilot projects with PREMIUM Goods and proposed case studies for Swiss Cheese’s premium label and olive oil traceability and quality assurance.
• The company currently also maintains a developer platform, a bridge to the Ethereum network for value transfers and a BC - Ambrosus Network operating with the Amber, an ERC-20 token.
• The platform also claims that it offers the capability to launch or support Security Token Offering for industrial data management solutions at present.
• Ambrosus launched AMB-NET along with IoT kits, SDK 2.0, Ambrosus Explorer (AmberEx) and Ambrosus Token Bridge in Apr-May’19.
• The company is one of the first BC projects and became an official partner of the United Nations 10YFP, which is responsible for the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals.
• Officially, it is endorsed by EIT Food and Swiss Quality and Safety Association and has received financial backing from the government of the Canton of Vaud, Switzerland.

Founded: 2006 Etherisc is developing a protocol for decentralized insurance applications including crop insurance. It has aimed
Headquarter: Bayern, Germany to provide transparency in the industry while increasing the operational efficiencies as well as democratizing
access to reinsurance investments.
BC Solutions BC Backbone BC Type Funding Type Datafund

VC + ICO Inacta AG
Crop Insurance Ethereum Public Platform
Cofound.it
Funding Raised Lakeside Partners
• Etherisc works on a tokenized concept to grant insurance, whereby it collects premiums from customers buying
USD 100K + USD 1.6 Mn Oxfam
insurance.
Aon
• The premiums collected is distributed to various service providers of BC ecosystem, like for fueling smart contracts
and providing weather data to network, while the remaining amount is stored in risk pool. Lead Investors
• The risk pool is linked through reinsurance providers whereby claims are addressed. KR1
• If the amount in the risk pool is not sufficient to address all claims, then the tokens are sold to different entities to
generate money in the risk pool. Token Name The company has opted for an ICO due to its strong value
proposition for the insurance industry and the need to back
• The company has designed its protocols that can use data sources and algorithms for underwriting and payout DIP its ecosystem using transaction tokens, and risk pool tokens,
decisions. The protocol developed also discloses the use of ERC-20 type Ethereum tokens for various uses within
among others. In long term, the Foundation intends to focus
the protocol and the proposed ecosystem of stakeholders, services, products, product developers and users,
on the development and maintenance of the open source DIP
among others.
protocol.
Major Insights
• Etherisc operates through a two-fold approach with an independent, not for profit foundation, The DI Foundation and a commercial entity, Etherisc Holding AG.
• Crop insurance is a highly promising use case for BC that offers an extensive opportunity for a variety of stakeholders including governments, NGOs, financial institutions and even insurance
companies. Etherisc addresses these challenges related to only index-based products by introducing the possibility of utilizing a variety of other oracles or sources to assess crop damage and extreme
events/disasters through satellite imagery, weather forecasts, 3rd party information/data providers, multiple weather bureaus or government agencies (as demonstrated in a Sri Lankan pilot project
executed in partnership with Aon and Oxfam).
• The company has also partnered with insurance companies, technology providers, and integrators that have considerable exposure to the insurance industry highlighting the capability of this
protocol to platform to launch certain successful industry.
• Etherisc has plans to venture into various types of insurance like Hurricane Insurance, Crypto Wallet Insurance, Social Insurance which will all be decentralized BC insurances.

Founded: 2013 OriginTrail provides a protocol and a decentralized network for interoperability, data integrity, scalability, cost
efficiency, data immutability, and token incentivization throughout a food supply chain. The OriginTrail
Headquarter: Ljubljana, Slovenia Decentralized Network (ODN) provides data integrity and validation in inter-organizational environments as per
Total Employees: 1 – 10 global standards.
BC Solutions BC Backbone BC Type Funding Type H-Farm, Natureta, Oracle, Bsi,

Hoan Vu, BTC, Source Certain,
ICO
Track and Trace Ethereum Public Platform TMA Solutions, TAGIT Smart, etc.
Funding Raised
• The protocol uses the power of graph data structures, which improves the flexibility and connectivity of supply Trance Alliance Members – Aina
USD 22.5 Mn
chain data. The protocol can be used with different BCs, ensuring longevity. Design (Supply Chain, Farm
• The OriginTrail stack has four layers: Application layer – provides integration to increase efficiency and integrity, Technologies), Gijima (Software
ODN data layer – a decentralized, graph database connects data sets, ODN network layer – a network of nodes Lead Investors Service Provider), Lucero
enables key BC-like capabilities, BC layer – provides immutability. NA (Performance Coatings), Lucid
• Data access is achieved in the protocol through a data exchange API. Green (Cannabis), Pomurske
Mlekarne (Dairy), Surface Net
• The protocol uses a three-step consensus method – creates a chain of accountability by mutual approval of supply Token Name
(Material Supply), Entobel (Animal
chain stakeholders, verifies matching of dynamic batch information and confirmation of the data by auditing and TRAC Feed), etc.
by compliance organizations.
• Trace token TRAC – an ERC20 token, is a means of compensation that provides incentives to the node holders in
the p2p networks. There are two groups who are incentivized – data processing, storing and managing, and the
group delivering the data in graph form.
Major Insights
• The company has been recognized as a member of the Enterprise Ethereum Alliance and had an estimated revenue of USD 2 Mn for 2018.
• The company has proposed a token-based business model for data creators, data holders, and node operators who would be a part of the ecosystem and utilize tokens for leveraging the platform or
database that would be built by using this protocol, and also for the use of the ODN that could be based on IOTA, Ethereum, or NEO.
• The company has worked on some interesting projects including tracking of products such as wine and has also formed an alliance (Trace Alliance) with its members being enterprises in food and
other industries, various service providers and app developers, etc. and certain research institutions both active in agriculture/food as well as other segments.
• It has received support from the Chinese food tech accelerator program Bits x Bites in deploying a pilot program with Yimishiji, a Chinese online farmers market to help 1.4 Bn Chinese consumers to
track and trace their food.

Key
Innovators
Founded: 1911 Headquarters: New York, USA The IBM BC platform is built on a hyperledger fabric and offers a fully managed and supported, full
stack BC as a service (BaaS) offering with flexible deployment options that meet different business
Revenue: USD 79.6 Bn Total Employees: 3,66,000 requirements. It commands 32% of USD 700 Mn-plus market for BC products and services.
BC Solutions Fabric Compatibility Key Developments

• To establish authenticity of its offering to
• IBM offers a BC platform built on hyperledger fabric. It offers full stack managed BaaS delivered in
customers and controlling severe food-borne
three deployments models, namely:
illness, Walmart is using the IBM Food Trust
• IBM BC Platform 2.0 free beta: Based on a Kubernetes architecture, includes more control, Solution specifically developed for tracking its
flexibility, scalability, and enhanced developer tools. mangoes and pork.
• Tracing the progression of food through a supply
• IBM BC Platform for IBM Cloud Private: Deployed behind client’s firewalls, on their private clouds. chain of growers, processors, distributors and
• IBM BC Platform for Amazon Web Services (AWS): Deployed in an AWS environment by using the retailers, each node on the BC could represent an
IBM BC Platform for AWS Quick Start. entity that has handled the food on the way to
the store. This makes it much easier and faster to
see if one of the affected farms sold infected
supply to a location with greater precision.
Patent Insights • IBM is implementing its food BC solutions with
major industry players, which are also a member
of its Food Consortium - like Dole, Driscoll’s,
~300 Unique BC Patent Families
2016 Earliest Filing year of BC-
3 Patents publication in Golden State Foods, Kroger, McCormick and
Food relevant patent 2018-19 for BC-Food Company, McLane Company, Nestlé, Tyson
publication
Foods, Unilever, and Walmart.
• IBM has 4 patent families related to application of BC in food and agriculture segment. These patent references are covered for US (5) and
as PCT Application (1).
• US20180276600A1 discloses the use of BC in tracing adulteration and contamination in the food supply chain, especially for edible oils.
US20180174094A1 discloses the product identification and verification using a unique code based on BC that comprises product details, to Consortium
manage the food-product shelf life and aligns with the product and service offerings of IBM in the BC segment. • IBM Food Trust
• US20180096360A1 discloses the use of BC smart contracts including regulatory and legal terms for food-based enterprises, and patent
publication US20190056726A1 discloses establishment of secure communication protocol with a drone by employing a BC controlled
identity lookup service.

Founded: 2006 Headquarters: Seattle, USA Amazon Web Services (AWS) is an IT infrastructure provider. AWS provides web services such as
cloud computing services and builds BC network solutions for businesses.
Revenue: USD 25.7 Bn Total Employees: ~40,000

• Nestle uses the Amazon Managed BC to
• Amazon Managed BC is service offered by AWS that allows the creation and full management of BC collaborate with its partners to create
by AWS. Customers can easily understand data, which can be replicated in Amazon QLDB (Amazon transparency across its supply chain. The BC is
Quantum Ledger Database). based on the hyperledger fabric framework.
• AWS BC Templates allow the creation of BC network and focus on applications that will be managed (coming soon) • TrackX is an asset management firm that tracks
by the client. The BC can be deployed on Amazon Elastic Container Service (ECS) cluster, or on an and manages assets for other businesses. It uses
AWS’ EC2 instance running Docker. the Amazon managed BC service focusing on
smart contracts to ease out the tracking process.
• Farmobile runs its application on AWS’ BC, which
connects farmers with data buyers. Farm data
such as machine and agronomic data is collected
by Farmobile’s data collecting device ’PUC’. This
Patent Insights data is then sold by farmers and shared using
AWS’ BC technology.
30+ Unique BC Patent Families
1 Patents publication in
Food relevant patent 2018-19 for BC-Food
publication
• AWS has only 1 patent family (US - 1, PCT Application - 1) related to application of BC in food and agriculture segments.
• US20190026685A1 discloses an interface for verifiable tracking of an item (includes any food item) through a supply chain using a
distributed electronic ledger and aligns with the product and service offerings of AWS in the BC segment.
Consortium
• None

Founded: 1972 Headquarters: Walldorf, Germany SAP is an analytics and business intelligence company providing solutions with tools such as
cloud, machine learning, IoT and BC. Its services vary across energy and natural resources,
Revenue: USD 24.7 Bn Total Employees: 96,498 financial services, consumer industries, discrete industries, service industries and public services.

• Bumble Bee Foods uses SAP's Cloud Platform BC
• The SAP Cloud Platform BC service allows the creation of new BC apps and networks on the cloud- to track and trace Natural Blue® by Anova®
based UI. It is accessible using the REST API that resides on the SAP cloud platform. yellowfin tuna. The permissioned BC stores
• The SAP HANA integration allows integrating data from the SAP HANA database to the BC or vice information of the fish across its lifecycle i.e.,
versa. It further allows the user to configure the way this data is handled, i.e., it can be in a read-only from the location of its catch, cold chain,
format or may have permissioned access. This service is executed using an API, used by SAP HANA BC processing, testing, and final journey to the table.
Adapter, to exchange data from the BC. • Natais uses BC solution developed by SAP's co-
innovation Lab and partner STMS, which
• SAP Global Track and Trace is a cloud-based solution for end-to-end tracking across the supply chain. leverages the hyperledger fabric BC technology to
trace popcorn across its lifecycle.
• Naturipe berries are tracked and traced back to
their farm of origin, across the supply chain to the
Patent Insights consumer. The BC technology stores data
including the temperature, humidity and
environmental conditions of the greenhouse, or
2 Patents publication in farm in which they are grown.
publication • In all three cases, QR codes are established
throughout the chain which are accessible to the
consumer to provide transparency allowing them
• SAP has 2 patent publications (both in US) pertaining to BC in farm and agriculture segment. to instill further trust in their brand.
• US20190108482A1 discloses the use of BC in tracing and tracking of goods in supply chain and aligns with the product and service offerings
of SAP in BC segment.
• Another patent US20180137457A1 discloses IoT devices leveraging BC technology for inventory management. Consortium
• SAP Consumer Goods, Retail and Agribusiness
Industry Blockchain Consortium
• Blockchain in Transport Alliance (BiTA)
• SAP Blockchain Initiative

Microsoft is a company that sells software and licenses, and supports consumer electronics,
Founded: 1975 Headquarters: Washington, USA personal computers, and related services. Microsoft’s revenue is primarily derived from the
personal computers’ operating system - Microsoft Windows. Currently, it is one of the most
Revenue: USD 110.6 Bn Total Employees: 134,944 valuable companies in the world, and the world's largest software maker in terms of revenue.

• Bühler partnered with Whitworth Brothers, to
• Azure BC Workbench: Allows developers to deploy a BC ledger along with a set of relevant Azure power AI and IoT using Azure BC Workbench and
services used to build BC-based applications. provide traceability to track contamination along
• Azure BC Service: Allows deployment of applications and APIs based on BC the supply chain, specifically for grains. This
creates a shared data layer between producers,
• IPFS (beta): Enables creation of permissioned networks of IPFS nodes to form a decentralized storage processors, transporters and shippers.
network. • Microsoft provided the solution for iBera BC
• Ethereum/Hyperledger Fabric on Azure: Deployment of Ethereum/Hyperledger fabric BC using ecosystem, which allows the exchange of data
(coming soon) across the supply chain. iBera is a biosensor
solution templates offered by Azure.
company that deploys sensors to test the farm
produce such as pesticide contamination levels.
The related hash data is stored as proof on the BC
Patent Insights (private Ethereum Consortium Network), and the
actual data corresponding to the hash is stored
off-chain.
1 Patents publication in
publication
• Microsoft has 1 patent family related to application of BC in several segments of food and agriculture. The patent family covers US (5) and
PCT Applications (5).
• The patent publication US20190013934A1 discloses a system providing a record storage system and facilitates a proof of custody, proof of
chain of custody, and proof against tampering for a record based on BC that aligns with the product and service offerings of Microsoft in Consortium
the BC segment. • None

Founded: 1989 Headquarters: Dublin, Ireland Accenture, a Fortune Global 500 company, offers its solutions in management
consulting and professional services. The company's areas of expertise include operations,
Revenue: USD 41.6 Bn Total Employees: 469,000 consulting, strategy and digital technology. More than three-quarters of global Fortune 500
companies are clients of Accenture.

• Accenture’s Circular Supply Chain connects
• Accenture offers consulting services in BC with holistic solution designs that cover people, processes, participants in a complex supply chain. It connects
operating models and technology for BC integration and BC security. consumers to primary producers to further allow
• In BC integration, interoperability nodes allow data exchange between BC ecosystems. This is done them to tip for their produce.
via gateway nodes placed in each ecosystem. This allows permissioned data to be exchanged • An industrial consortium has been formed by
between ecosystems without hindering BC advantages. Anheuser-Busch InBev, APL, Kuehne + Nagel, and
the European Customs Organization, with
• Accenture provides hardware security modules for BC security to safeguard and manage digital keys. Accenture as the BC administrator, to develop a
solution in ocean shipping. The consortium plans
to digitize freight documents such as a bill of
lading to save on time required to process these
documents, streamline the data and inhibit data
Patent Insights duplication. The BC solution developed by
Accenture using the Ethereum platform, with a
permissioned layer on top, connects nodes such
3 Patents publication in as the exporter, forwarder, carrier, and importer.
publication
• Accenture has 3 patent publications related to application of BC in several segments of the food industry. The geographical coverage of
Accenture patents includes US (5), Australia (2) and Europe (1).
• The US10115068B2 patent discloses the use of BC in food supply chain management wherein it includes the BC-based product
identification and verification at the first and terminal destination of the food product in the supply chain. It aligns with the product and Consortium
service offerings of Accenture in the BC segment. • Consortium of AB InBev, Accenture, APL, Kuehne
• US10298585B1 discloses a system for asset transfers among BC of differing distributed ledger technologies using interop circuitry wherein + Nagel and the European customs organization.
the asset can be food or fruit shipments.
• US20190017982A1 broadly discloses the application of BC in agriculture and farm waste management.

Founded: 1968 Headquarters: California, USA Intel supplies processors for computer system manufacturers. It produces devices related to
computing, like motherboards, chipsets, integrated circuits, graphics chips, flash memories, and
Revenue: USD 70.7 Bn Total Employees: 107,100 embedded processors along with communication devices like network interface controllers. In
terms of revenue from semiconductor chips, it is second in the world.

• In 2017, Intel had the first public demonstration
• Intel Select Solution for BC: Hyperledger fabric provides a verified, tested solution, based on high- of its open source Sawtooth Lake BC codebase,
performance Intel Xeon Scalable processors and reliable Intel Solid State Drives (SSDs) that simplifies developing a seafood supply chain system on top
BC deployment on hyperledger fabric, and adds modularity and enterprise-grade privacy for of its BC infrastructure.
organizations seeking to build BC solutions.
• Intel explained that the immutability and
• Intel Software Guard Extensions (Intel SGX) provides more stringent security and ensures privacy that transparency of BC technology enable
helps and secure transactions using BC. participants within the seafood industry’s supply
chain to ensure that errors, improper food
• Intel Xenon Scalable processors are an ideal foundation for building BC solutions with hardware- conditions, and illegal fishing practices are
based security features. avoided.
Patent Insights

3 Patents published in 2018-
Food relevant patent 19 for BC-Food
publication
• Intel has 3 patent publications related to application of BC in food and agriculture segments. The geographical coverage of Intel patents
includes US (3) and PCT (1).
• US20180183573A1 discloses cryptography accelerator system based on BC for agricultural crop field and environment monitoring.
Another patent publication US20190102837A1 discloses a data buyer node network wherein the transaction in the network are through Consortium
BC and the seller is any data collection or infrastructure such as agriculture automation system. • SAP Blockchain Initiative
• WO2019005104A1 discloses tracking the provenance of goods wherein the goods can be perishable products such as the agricultural yield
from the farmer/breeder and aligns with the product and service offerings of Intel in the BC segment.

Founded: 1999 Headquarters: Zhejiang, China Alibaba is multinational conglomerate which specializes in technology, retail, e-commerce, and
internet. The company provides its sales services through its various web portals, shopping
Revenue: USD 56.15 Bn Total Employees: 101,958 search engines, cloud computing, and electronic payment services.

• Alibaba solves the problem of counterfeiting food
• Alibaba Cloud BaaS provides an enterprise-level platform service based on leading BC technologies. products through its Food Trust Framework, a
• This service helps businesses build a secure and stable BC environment as well as manage the food-tracing system based on BC technology to
deployment, operation, maintenance, and development of BC easily. Alibaba Cloud BaaS enables enhance consumer confidence in the provenance
businesses to focus on business innovation. of the products they are buying.
• To do so, Tmall International - a B2C platform part
of Alibaba Group, incorporates a bunch of
standards and controls to manage the supply-
chain process, including BC technology and
product tagging with unique QR codes. The
technologies help authenticate, verify, record,
and provide an ongoing ledger that is made public
Patent Insights to report on the transfer of ownership and
provision of products and goods.
• To ensure this, Alibaba has undertaken two pilot
2 Patents published in 2018- projects with Australian healthcare supply firm
Food relevant patent 19 for BC-Food Blackmores and New Zealand dairy product
publication
maker Fonterra, via Alibaba’s T-Mall e-commerce
arm, with PwC acting as an advisor.
• Alibaba has 2 patent publications (China - 1, PCT Application - 1) related to application of BC in several segments in food and agriculture.
• CN108830606A discloses the intelligent contract code comprising product description (Dish description) deployed in BC. Another patent
publication WO2019072285A2 discloses a method for implementing the transfer of smart assets, such as foods, in a BC network. These
inventions mentioned above align with the product and service offerings of Alibaba in the BC segment. Consortium
• Food Trust Framework

Conclusion &
Future Roadmap
Conclusion
High New Business Role of

Investment Model Consortium
• BC technology although is in infancy, the • Startups that have projected the development • The players other than startups active in the
possible use cases developed around the Agri- of protocols and platforms at best are yet to Agri-Food domain include Fabric Providers, IT
Food industry has garnered significant attention. prove their business models and scale them. infrastructure and Architecture Developers,
A new generation of startups are out to leverage However, startups that have targeted Implementation Experts from the tradition IT-
BC in the Agri-Food industry and capture value development of specific applications for farmer industry as well as certain strong parties in the
of all the stakeholders, attention of developers support, track and trace, supply chain and value chain like retailers, food processing or
and trying to attract investments through a mix logistics are expected to hit success earlier. The packed foods industry, commodity traders,
of ICO and private investment approaches. token economics of ICO crowd-funded projects banks, financial institutions as well as insurance
have not taken off or shown sufficient promise players. However, this segment has depended
in the short term. on creation of consortiums to roll-out BC-based
innovations or platforms for only process
improvement or integration to legacy systems
that they are rather successful at rather than
startups that have emerged.

Conclusion
Penetration of The Role of

BC Technology End-user
• The penetration of BC in the Agri-Food industry • The end-user categories that will most likely
will heavily depend on BC interoperability, clarity adopt BC solutions in the Agri-Food industry is
on the utility and asset tokens in many of the expected to be the retailers for track and trace,
developed token-based solutions, regulatory retail customers (B2C) in light of sustainability
and policy support environment globally for BC- preferences, food product processing or
based solutions in terms of acceptance and manufacturers for food safety and recall, supply
validation. chain participants as a mandatory integration to
existing legacy systems to establish chain of
custody. Commodity trade finance, insurance
are some other segments that will see
continued interest, adoption and push from
industry leader of those segments.

BC Stake Holder Value Creation
The Future Lies Here
Blockchain Gateway to IoT

Next Generation BC
Agri-Food Industry
In a consumer driven industry such as Agri-Food, the demands of the consumer would drive the
innovation in BC as well its adoption. While consumer driven segments see this dynamic, businesses
themselves want process improvement, eliminate errors and deliver value added products to strength Impact of other emerging technologies such as IoT,
revenue and business models. At the lowest layer farmers would need to be empowered, retain value of AI, ML and big data would power BC developments
the goods they deliver and stand a chance to be included in the fast developing and modern business and make them more disruptive because of the
environment already existing widespread use of these in legacy
solutions. However, features such interoperability,
API support, open-sourced technology is expected
• Innovation leading to inclusive development of stakeholders: Farmer as trader/seller in BC- to aid in the rapid adoption of BC in conjunction
powered marketplaces, addressing unmet insurance and finance needs of farmers with these emerging technologies.
• Industry-specific developments: Emergence of consortium right from banks (komgo), insurance
companies (Etherisc Alliance), BC-Fabric (Hyperledger) and IT Infrastructure providers like IBM
would define the market AI
• Enterprise Adoption: While startups would target both the organized and unorganized end-user
segments, industry-specific solutions may address broader needs of these segments, however,
enterprise adoption is the true test case that would validate several BC applications in the Food-Agri
industry and pave the future landscape where winners would be defined by such success stories

BC Stake Holder Value Creation - Stakeholder empowerment & industry consolidation
The Future Lies Here
Provenance & Data Integrity
Start-ups'
Solutions +
Agri-Food Legacy Solution
Organizing the
Industry Interoperability
unorganized
Ecosystem Start-ups'
Food Supply Venturing Towards stakeholders
Value Chain Protocol or
Chain + IT
Infrastructure
Platform
Solutions +
Creating Value & Stakeholder
& Service
Industry- Developer or Infrastructure for Empowerment
Providers Stakeholder
Specific
Consortiums + Participation Digital Inclusion BC-enabled
Start-ups or IT
Infrastructure Agri-Food Industry
& Service
Providers
Consolidation of Marketplace and

Industry Specific development ecosystem
Business Values and
Models
IP Approach
• The extent of influence, that entities that would try to

create a BC patent portfolio with an eye on only monetary
• Patent hoarding by well-funded startups, and technology benefits linked to it, cannot be suppressed.
space usurpation may have other indirect effects on the • Also, the need to create patent pools and vigorously fight
nascent BC ecosystem and even make cash-rich start ups such unscrupulous entities is the need of the hour among
prone to offensives. start ups.
• Large part of the BC patent maze is also dotted by large • These strategies would not only encourage startups adopt
corporations seeking to defend their core business and meaningful patent filing approaches but also encourage
revenue streams by their unflinching stance towards patent them to take the right step towards identifying innovation
assertions to block out and take on challengers. and securing it.
Challenges Adoption
• Startups are expected to remain focused on developing Start-up Good • Start ups and innovators create and maintain IP
open source projects and has drawback of lacking a strong
Scenario Practices • Fiercely guard against patent trolls or other such actors that
IP portfolio or strategy.
can severely handicap the industry and its adoption
• The funding rush has been observed to be typically driven
by institutions not wanting to miss out on the BC disruption • Create dependable, cohesive and collaborative IP
wave, but not having in-depth knowledge of the frameworks to achieve enforcement and not choke the
technology. landscape the way other industry ecosystems such as
semiconductor, telecom, etc. have
• The emergence of smart contracts, dApps and even BC-
based market places has fueled the expectations and drives • Investor awareness combined with due-diligence and
the strategies of the industry at present while squarely handling of IP among the various projects
turning the focus on money-making.

Industry
Opinions
“Blockchain will enable much smaller units to be trade as units are available in trust systems at a much more granular
level. For example, today coffee is traded in lots of 5 Metric Tonnes (MT) that could be reduced to 1 MT or even lower.
This is important as is democratizes the production and supply chain, more so in the agricultural sector where individual
growers will have greater (direct) Access to markets with increased transparency and traceability.”
Manav Garg, CEO, Eka Software
Appendix
Abbreviations
• P2P network- Peer to Peer network

• Dapps- Decentralized applications that run on P2P network
• ERP- Enterprise Resource Planning
• UI- User Interface

• UX- User Exprience
• Stakeholder- One adding value or one who has something to loose or gain
• Interoperability- Ability of digital systems to exchange data

• AI- Artificial Intelligence
• IOT- Internet of Things
• ML- Machine Learning

• ISO- International Organization of Standardization
• FMCG- Fast Moving Consumer Goods
• RFID- Radio Frequency Identification

• GDPR- General Data Protection Regulation
• SaaS- Software as a Service
• PaaS- Platform as Service

• API- Application Programming Interface is set of set rules for building software
• HORECA- Hotels Restaurants and Cafes

Definitions
IT Infrastructre
• Digital Assets: Files like images, videos, and presentations that contain information can be classified as digital assets
• Smart Contracts: Smart contracts are self-executing contracts with the terms of the agreement between buyers and sellers, directly written into the lines of the code. A distributed BC network contains
all the code and agreement regarding the smart contract. A Smart Contract allows anonymous, disparate parties to carry out trusted transactions and agreements, all without the need for an external
enforcement mechanism, or a central authority or legal system. A BC network, more importantly, makes a transaction transparent, traceable and irreversible
• Node Management: A node is a device on a BC network, that is the foundation of BC technology, allowing it to survive and function efficiently. Nodes are responsible for carrying out several tasks on a
BC network, and are thus distributed across the network. Any electronic device which has an Internet connection and an IP address can be classified as a node. A node supports the network by
maintaining a copy of the BC and in some cases, to process transactions. Activities related to setting the strategy, organizing and coordinating for these nodes for their efficient functioning, is called node
management
• Consortium: An association of several companies coming together to achieve a common objective
• Pilot Project: Before a product or a service is commercialized, it is test run within a limited geography with limited people having access to it, to get the first-hand feedback so that the product can be
improved

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http://www.fao.org/3/ca2906en/CA2906EN.pdf
• Unknown, “World Food And Agriculture 2017 Statistical Pocketbook 2018”, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,
http://www.fao.org/3/CA1796EN/ca1796en.pdf
• Mischa Tripoli, Josef Schmidhuber, “Emerging Opportunities for the Application of Blockchain in the Agri-food Industry”, Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations,
August 2018, http://www.fao.org/3/CA1335EN/ca1335en.pdf
• Jonathan Miles, “The Role of Blockchain in the World of Investments”, Open Access Government, https://www.openaccessgovernment.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/BC5-
WEB.pdf
• Jamie Grill-Goodman, “Unbreakable Trust: 5 Retailers Exploring Blockchain” Retail Info Systems News, April 24, 2018, https://risnews.com/unbreakable-trust-5-retailers-exploring-
blockchain
• Elliot Hill, “TradeCloud, Digitalizing the Physical Commodities Industry With Blockchain”, Blokt, April, 18, 2019, https://blokt.com/interview/tradecloud-digitalizing-the-physical-
commodities-industry-with-blockchain-exclusive
• Josh Cook, “12 blockchain food & agriculture companies in their own words”, Medium, Mar 23, 2018, https://medium.com/lokaal/12-blockchain-food-agriculture-companies-in-
their-own-words-71f8398252eb
• “An Interview With Katalin Vereczkey Of TE-FOOD International”, Melack Design, http://www.melackdesign.com/blog-main/an-interview-with-katalin-vereczkey
• MS Editors “Top Blockchain-as-a-Service Providers for 2019”, Media Shower, February 11, 2019, https://mediashower.com/blog/blockchain-as-a-service-providers/

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Adoption in Agri-Food Industry

Adoption of Blockchain (BC) in How BC will Transform

Venturing of BC in Front Runners

Adoption of BC in Key Constraints and BC Venturing into

How Business Adopting BC Through Front

Chapter 1: Chapter 2: Chapter 3:

Chapter 4: Chapter 5: Chapter 6:

BLOCKCHAIN – ADOPTION IN AGRI-FOOD INDUSTRY 6

Chapter 7: Chapter 8: Chapter 9:

BLOCKCHAIN – ADOPTION IN AGRI-FOOD INDUSTRY 7

The outlook presented here is a brief overview of the Agri-Food market,

World World Global

CAGR: 1.09% CAGR: 6.15% CAGR: 2.14%

2024 7.96 BN 2024 $ 114.6 TN 2017 $ 46.1 TN

2018 7.46 BN 2018 $ 80.1 TN 2011 $ 40.6 TN

BLOCKCHAIN – ADOPTION IN AGRI-FOOD INDUSTRY 10

Global Food Production

BLOCKCHAIN – ADOPTION IN AGRI-FOOD INDUSTRY 11

Activity • Farming • Manufacturing • Supply chain • Logistics

Stakeholders • Farmers • Manufacturers • Logistics providers • Wholesalers

BLOCKCHAIN – ADOPTION IN AGRI-FOOD INDUSTRY 12

BLOCKCHAIN – ADOPTION IN AGRI-FOOD INDUSTRY 14

BLOCKCHAIN – ADOPTION IN AGRI-FOOD INDUSTRY 15

In fact, Walmart, Carrefour, Koninklijke Ahold Delhaize, Nestlé and some

Traditional method to BC-enabled method to

6Days 18Hrs 26Mins 2.2

BLOCKCHAIN – ADOPTION IN AGRI-FOOD INDUSTRY 19

BC-enabled Food Industry

BLOCKCHAIN – ADOPTION IN AGRI-FOOD INDUSTRY 20

Scalability, interoperability, and establishing product authenticity by

Enablers of blockchain adoption could include sustainability goals,

How to establish trust in • Integration of BC with other cutting-edge

BLOCKCHAIN – ADOPTION IN AGRI-FOOD INDUSTRY 23

BLOCKCHAIN – ADOPTION IN AGRI-FOOD INDUSTRY 24

BLOCKCHAIN – ADOPTION IN AGRI-FOOD INDUSTRY 25

BLOCKCHAIN – ADOPTION IN AGRI-FOOD INDUSTRY 26

BLOCKCHAIN – ADOPTION IN AGRI-FOOD INDUSTRY 27

BLOCKCHAIN – ADOPTION IN AGRI-FOOD INDUSTRY 28

BLOCKCHAIN – ADOPTION IN AGRI-FOOD INDUSTRY 29

S. No. Target Business Model Value Chain Involvement

BLOCKCHAIN – ADOPTION IN AGRI-FOOD INDUSTRY 33

BLOCKCHAIN – ADOPTION IN AGRI-FOOD INDUSTRY 34

Microsoft Azure Workbench

BLOCKCHAIN – ADOPTION IN AGRI-FOOD INDUSTRY 35

Azure BaaS App Frameworks & Applications Databases

Infrastructure Management Clients

BLOCKCHAIN – ADOPTION IN AGRI-FOOD INDUSTRY 36

Track & Traceability Track & Traceability

Insurance Track & Traceability

BLOCKCHAIN – ADOPTION IN AGRI-FOOD INDUSTRY 37

Adoption Stage High Low Medium Medium

BLOCKCHAIN – ADOPTION IN AGRI-FOOD INDUSTRY 38

BC Fabric Established Target

BC Fabric Key Takeaways

• Creates transparency by BC-FP + PP + BaaS + AFS

BLOCKCHAIN – ADOPTION IN AGRI-FOOD INDUSTRY 40

BLOCKCHAIN – ADOPTION IN AGRI-FOOD INDUSTRY 41

BC Fabric Key Takeaways

• Allows data sharing among all

BLOCKCHAIN – ADOPTION IN AGRI-FOOD INDUSTRY 42

BC Enabled Track & Traceability in Manufacturing OriginTrail Pilot Project

Slovenia-based Origintrail, which provides Software as a Service (SaaS) for decentralized