Problem Set for Midterm

1. If the MTBF of a communication circuit is 20, 000 hours and its MTTR
is 3 hours, what is the availability?

2. A long distance telephone company employs five microwave radio

hops over a single route to link two important cities. If each hop has an
MTBF of 10, 000 hours and an MTTR of 3 hours, what is the outage
ratio of the entire system and the reliability of the system?

3. Determine the fade margin for a 60-km microwave hop. The RF carrier
is 8 GHz, the terrain is very smooth and dry and the reliability objective
is 99.95%.

4. Given a 25-mile path with average terrain but with some roughness in
an inland temperature climate, and a link operating at a frequency of
6.7 GHz with a desired propagation reliability of 99.95%, what fade
margin should be assigned to the link?

5. A point-to-point communications system operating at 7.5 GHz uses a

transmitter with an output power of 0 dBW and a receiver with a Noise
Figure of 5 dB at a bandwidth of 5 MHz. if the target reliability for the
system is 99.995%, determine the necessary antenna diameter needed
for a 61.67 km link considering a transmission line and connector loss
of 3 dB per site.

6. A microwave communications system is being designed to operate at

7 GHz with a transmitter output power of 1 W and a receiver Practical
Noise Threshold of – 127 dBm. The link uses four feet parabolic dishes
with 2 dB transmission line and connector loss per site. An
insurmountable obstruction was sighted between the sites and the
only possible repeater site is located 15 km from site A and 10 km from
site B.
 If the minimum required reliability for the system is 99.95%, kindly help
the designer to decide on whether to use a back-to-back passive
repeater with 4 feet parabolic dishes and transmission line and
connector loss of 1 dB or an 8’x12’ flat billboard reflector with an
included angle of 1000. Support your answer with solutions and rational
statements.

7. A point-to-point microwave system is to be established between two

sites that is 30 miles apart. The system is operating at 5.9452 GHz and
is capable of carrying 960 voice channels and to meet a propagation
reliability of 99.9%. Consider a 52.2 kHz bandwidth per voice channel. A
waveguide length of 350 ft at both sites is needed. The microwave radio
being considered has a transmitter output power of 562 mW with a
receiver noise figure of 12 dB. Consider a connector loss of 1.5 dB per
site and waveguide attenuation of 1.4 dB per 100 ft. Find the size of the
antenna that will meet the required reliability.

8. Consider a 30-mile path with average terrain, with some roughness, in

an inland temperature climate, operating at a frequency of 6.7 GHz with
fade margin of 40 dB. Compute for the unavailability and reliability of
for:

a. Non-diversity path
b. Path with 2% frequency diversity
c. Path with 40-foot vertical space diversity

9. Compute for the reliability for (a) non-diversity path (b) path with 5%
frequency diversity (c) path with 28-foor vertical space diversity of a
microwave communication system with a 35-km path having a very
smooth terrain in a hot and humid climate operating at 7 GHz with fade
margin of 35 dB.
10.In a one-hop, full-duplex microwave radio system, frequency diversity
arrangement, determine:

a. How many transmitters are used?

b. How many receivers are used?
c. How many antennas are used?
d. How many frequencies are required?

11. In a one-hop, full-duplex microwave radio system, space diversity

arrangement, determine:

a. How many transmitters are used?

b. How many receivers are used?
c. How many antennas are used?
d. How many frequencies are required?