Input & Output Functions in 'C' | Programmerdouts

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Input & Output Functions in 'C'

Input means to provide the program with some data to be used in the program
Output means to display data on screen or write the data to a printer or a file.
C programming language provides many built-in functions to read any given input and
to display data on screen when there is a need to output the result.
In this tutorial, we will learn about such functions, which can be used in our program
to take input from user and to output the result on screen.
All these built-in functions are present in C header file "#include<stdio.h>"
To use the built in functions we have to specify header files at head in which a
particular function is defined(written) while discussing about it.

printf() & scanf()

EXAMPLE 1:

#include<Stdio.h> // header file

printf("Printf function is used to print any data"); // prints the message hello
world

Output:
Printf function is used to print any data

EXAMPLE 2

Printing Variables on Screen

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#include<stdio.h> //header file
void main()
{
int var1=10;
float var2=20.26;
char var3 = 'A';

printf("integer variable var1 = %d\n",var1); // %d format specifier used to

print integer variable
printf("Float variable var2 = %f\n",var2); // %f format specifier used to print
Float variable
printf("Character variable var3 = %c\n",var3); // %c format specifier used to
print character variable
}

Output:

integer variable var1 = 10

Float variable var2 = 20.26
Character variable var3 = A

Scanf() Function

"This function is used to accept formatted data from the keyboard

,where format of string depends on the specifiers"

Syntax:

scanf("%d",&var); // %d is specifier of integer variable which stores intger varaible

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//examples

scanf("%d",&var1); // Accepts the decimal input from keyboard and stores to

variable "var1"

scanf("%f",&var2); // Accepts the floating number as input from keyboard and

stores to variable "var2"

scanf("%c",&var3); // Accepts the character as input from keyboard and stores to

variable "var3"

Note: Scanf() Functions Stores the Variable at certain Address.

Concept of Address we will see in "Pointer" Module, for now just remember this.

Example:

#include<stdio.h> //header file

void main()
{
int var1;
float var2; //declerations of variables
char var3;

printf("\nEnter the value of integer variable:");

scanf("%d",&var1); //Input for integer variable.

printf("\nEnter the value of float variable:");

scanf("%f",&var2); //input for float variable.

printf("\nEnter the value of Character Variable:");

scanf("%c",&var3); //input for character variable.

printf("Value of integer variable is %d\nValue of float variable is %f\nValue of

character variable is %c",var1,var2,var3);
}

Output:
Enter the value of integer variable:10
Enter the value of float variable:14.2
Enter the value of Character Variable: J
Value of integer variable is 10
Value of float variable is 14.2
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Value of character variable is J

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