Islahun Ni’mah

D35213040

FSLA “A Class”

Mini Research of SLA

I. Background of Study

Every region has their own respective language as a communication tool. In our daily
life, there is much language diversity made by local community both orally and written.
They are produce first language and second language. However language must be
acquired through interaction with surrounding environment. “Language is a purely human
and non-instinctive method of communicating ideas, emotions and desires by means of
voluntarily produces symbols.” (Edward Sapir, Language: An Introduction to the Study of
Speech. Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1921).
First language is the language which is acquired during the early childhood normally
before the age of about three years. Meanwhile, second language is a language learned by
a person after his or her native language, especially as a resident of an area where it is in
general use. In Javanese, there are many overseas students such as Madurese, Sundanese,
and etc. It has become a necessity for them to learn a second language to support the
language communication in that area both implicitly or explicitly learning.
According to Business dictionary.com Learning is measurable and relatively
permanent change in behavior through experience, instruction, or study. Learning itself
cannot be measured but its result can be. In the words of Harvard Business School
Psychologist Chris Argyris, Learning is “detection and correction of error” where en error
means “any mismatch between our intentions and what actually happens.
II. Review of the Related Theory
Explicit learning is characterized by learner’s conscious and deliberate attempt to
master some materials or a solve problem. This involves conscious intention to find
regularities and to identify rules and concepts (Hustijn, 2005). Learning is a “magical
process” as it requires us to point our consciousness at some materials we want to learn.
 Implicit learning is the learners learn the rules at an unconscious level rather than
conscious level. Implicit learning emphasizes only on the learning/encoding process rather
than retrieval process (Frensch, 1998).
Differentiation between Implicit and Explicit Learning
Implicit Learning Condition Explicit Learning Condition
Unguided Usually guided
Informal Formal (language classes)
Learner not aware Learner is aware
Learning through language input Systemic learning

III. Methodology
a. Subject of Study
The researches are interviewed three overseas students, including two of them are
Madurese, and one of them is Sundanese.
Name Wildanillah Qurrotu Aini Mumung Munawaroh
Address Sumenep Bangkalan Madura Bogor
Birth December 17th, 1995 October 9th, 1995 August 11th, 1995
Gender Female Female Female
L1 Madurese Madurese Sundanese
L2 Javanese Javanese Javanese
Status/Se Student/6 Student/6 Student/6
mester
Currently Surabaya Surabaya Surabaya
Lives
Since September 2013. Since 4 Years old Elementary School.
when
(Since she was I
learn L2?
college)
Difficulties She did not know It is hard to It is hard to pronounce
much more about pronounce because because the
Javanese vocab. the Pronunciations Pronunciations
pronounced pronounced differently.
 differently.
Solutions Often listening to Try to communicate Try to communicate
another people with another people through directly
conversation to be as often as possible conversation with them.
able to add some then should be brave
vocabulary then, to speak up even the
asked about some pronunciation is still
unknown vocabulary wrong.
b. Method of Data Collection
According to Erickson (1992) as quoted by Janice (1994) said that
As with other forms of qualitative research, some analytic work begins
while the researcher is in the field. For example, analytic decisions
underline determining which events, persons, or behaviors are to be
recorded or moving to greater visual or audio selectivity as data collection
proceeds.

Based on the reason above, the methods are utilized in the process of gathering
the research data are Observation and interviewing.

IV. FINDINGS
1st Interviewee/ Wildanillah
 Wildanillah’s first language acquisition is Madurese. Then, since she goes to
Surabaya to continue the next study she tries to use Javanese language. But, I
know that she often to use Indonesian than Javanese for communicate with other
people.
 She was included in the category of students implicit learning. I can see on her
way to solve the problem that she just needs to listen someone talks and know the
meaning of some vocabulary without know about how to pronounce it well. It is
like what has been French said.
 Some properties of implicit learning
We can say that, actually Wilda is learning Javanese naturally, she does not aware
that the learning takes place. Even, she does not have the awareness effort to study
 target material. It also follows from the lack of any conscious learning which
indicates that implicit learning is automatic.
2nd Interviewee/Qurrotu Aini
 Aini’s first language acquisition is Madurese. Because she born in Madura. Then,
she goes to junior high school in Gresik till now (in a college uni.). So, she can
learn it better because she has a longer time in Java.
 She starts to know Javanese since 4 years old. She gets it from her mother. Her
mother teaches her Javanese naturally. It is concluding informal education. So, she
gets Javanese implicitly learning from her mother through daily conversation.
 She gets natural learning without focus on the rules.
 It’s a procedural knowledge which is producing language through daily
conversation with her mother and her friends in school or in surrounding
environment.
3rd Interviewee/Mumung munawaroh
 Mumung’s first language acquisition is Sundanese.
 She starts to know Javanese since she has been in Elementary School. She gets
Javanese implicitly learning from study of meaning the yellow holy book (kajian
kitab kuning). So, when the teacher translates it into Javanese then he also
explained to Sundanese. So, she knows little bit about it. Remember that, mumung
just hear about the Javanese but actually she did not know about the meaning. I
think that she get unconsciousness learning stage.
 It’s a procedural knowledge which is deal with motor and cognitive skills and
inaccessible.
 She gets the input processing without any intention.
V. Analysis
All of them are get the Second language implicitly through informal education and
naturally. However, we can see on the theory of DeKeyser’s that both explicit and
implicit are working together all the time. If both are employed simultaneously,
automaticity can be achieved by the learner. Three of them are acquisition of knowledge
through natural, simple, and unconsciously, also get the input process without intention.