=

Find the difference

Diary vs. Dairy
Diary- a book in which you write down
your personal experiences and
thoughts each day.

Dairy- a farm that produces milk

Except vs. Accept
 Except- not including

Accept – to accept or take

deceased vs.
diseased
Deceased- no longer living

Diseased – sickly, unhealthy

Implicit vs. Explicit
 Ms. Jeny U. Sonio
Teacher (Reading and Writing Skills
for Grade 11 Students

Identifying Explicit &

Implicit Claim in a Text
Types of Claims: Claim of Fact, Judgment, Action or Policy
So what is implicit versus explicit meaning?
 Explicit Questions:

• Who are the characters in the story?

• Who is considered a lazy creature?

 Implicit Questions:

• What did the ant feel about grasshopper?

• How would you compare the ant from the

grasshopper?

• Why did the ant share his stored food to the

grasshopper?
Let’s do some mind exercise…
Question 1.

Amber wants to buy a new smart phone but

she doesn't have the money. Which question
from the list below would be considered
explicit?
Why does she need a new phone?
Why can't Amber buy the smart phone?
How is Amber going to raise the money?
Where does she plan to buy the phone?
Answer:

Why can't Amber buy the smart phone?

 Question 2.
Wendy was walking home from school when she found
a sick bird lying on the ground under a tree. She
stopped and gave the bird a look. She looked up and
noticed a nest in the branch above her. She looked
forward and continued walking home. What implicit
information can you obtain from this story?
 Wendy loves animals.
 Wendy is running late for an appointment.
 Wendy is a selfish person.
 Wendy needs to get home before dark.
Answer:

Wendy is a selfish person.

Question 3.

A lot of implicit information can be

gathered by looking at a photograph?
True
False
Answer:

FALSE
Question 4.

Mr. Cantu walked into the classroom and

slammed the door behind him. He threw his
clipboard to the ground and knocked a pile
of papers to the ground. What color is Mr.
Cantu's shirt? Is this an example of an
implicit question?
Yes

No
Answer:

NO
Question 4.

Mr. Cantu walked into the classroom and

slammed the door behind him. He threw his
clipboard to the ground and knocked a pile
of papers to the ground. What color is Mr.
Cantu's shirt? Is this an example of an
implicit question?
Yes

No
Question 5.

An autobiography written about a

former president would be a good way
to get explicit information from?
True
False
Answer:

TRUE
Question 6.

If Ms. Smith wanted to get into a good nursing

school then she needs to study hard and talk
to people who are already nurses so that she
can know what to expect from nursing school.
What information below is explicit?
 Why she chose to go into nursing.
 Who she will talk to about nursing school.
 Where the nursing school is.
 What kind of school does Ms. Smith want to attend.
Answer:

What kind of school does Ms. Smith

want to attend.
Things to ponder…

It is in this context that the reader be

made conscious that in order to
engender fruitful reading engagement,
one has to take note that one’s opinion
about the text covers certain claims---
claim of fact, claim of value and claim
of policy.
Overview

Claim according to del Gandio J.

(2008) is an arguable statement---an
idea that a rhetor (that is, a speaker
or writer) asks an audience to accept.
A claim is an opinion, idea or
assertion.
Therefore a claim is…

It is a statement. A claim is a discourse.

It involves a speaker’s awareness of an
audience. The very idea of a claim
involves a wish about an audience.
It deals with a search for agreement.
The wish is that the audience will agree
with the statement.
Therefore a claim is…

It involves anticipation. To anticipate

the audience’s agreement means we look
hopefully to it, but we are anxious that
they may not give it.
A claim thus forwards a statement that
we worry the audience will not agree to,
but wish them to agree to.
TYPES OF CLAIMS
1. CLAIM OF JUDGMENT OR VALUE
- Look for keywords that are a
matter of judgment rather than fact:
good, well, kind, useful, desirable, etc.
- Speakers provide the reasoning
for their judgment, but ultimately is to
assent to the reasons rather than
comparison to the fact that determines
the agreement to the claim.
CLAIM OF JUDGMENT OR VALUE
- A claim is based on things we like
or dislike. Thus it deals with goals, with
things we find attractive.
- Your feel for the argument by
judgment or value has to be different
than that of fact. Disagreements over
values are not “wrong” in the sense that
they are inaccurate.
CLAIM OF JUDGMENT OR VALUE
-Argument usually turns on
whether the underlying value of the
claim is accepted as public good.
Example CLAIM OF JUDGMENT/ VAUE:

Staying with the

family with a limited
income is more
valuable than being
away earning a lot.
Example CLAIM OF JUDGMENT/ VAUE:

Musicalcomedy is
the best form of
entertainment.
Example CLAIM OF JUDGMENT/ VAUE:

Requiring
community service
in high school will
produce more
community-aware
graduates .
 Examples

 Public school are better than private schools

 Science
Fiction novels are more intereesting to read than
romance novels
 Dogs make the best pets
 Mercy Killing is immoral
 Computers are a valuable addition to modern society
 Viewing television is a wasteful activity
ACTIVITY TIME:
(10 minutes)
Analyze each statement below. Identify which
statement shows claim of value.

1. Living in the countryside is

better than living in the city.
2. Other planets have already been
visited by people.
3. Football is more exciting than
basketball.
Analyze each statement below. Identify which
statement shows claim of value.

4. ASEAN Integration should be

made part of the curriculum.
5. Following healthy with enough
rest and exercise will make you
healthy.
Analyze each statement below. Identify which
statement shows claim of value.

6. Birds are the most lovable pets.

7. Law is more encompassing
profession than Medicine.
8. Students should wear their
identification card anytime,
anywhere in the school campus.
 LET’S DO THIS…
Read news articles/ editorials or excerpts from
magazines/ newspaper. Identify the type of claims/s
present and support with reason/s explanation/s.
TASK 1
 Article:
_______________________________________

 Type
of Claim:
_______________________________________

 Reason/ Explanation:
_________________________________
 To Assess the Group’s Response:

5 4 3 2 1
The ideas are The ideas are Ideas are Ideas are Ideas are not
clear, clear and clear, clear but not clear, not
comprehensiv comprehensiv comprehensiv comprehensiv comprehensive,
e and well- e, well- e but not e not-well not well-
organized and organized but well- organized and organized and
free from contain organized and contain contain
grammatical grammatical contain grammatical grammatical
errors. errors. grammatical errors. errors.
errors.
WRAP-UP

Based on your understanding,

write what each claim is, and what
each is not by filling out the table
below.
 TYPE IT IS… IT’S NOT…
OF CLAIM
CLAIM OF FACT

CLAIM OF VALUE

CLAIM OF POLICY
Let’s Think it Over….

Remember: Identify
whether the stated claim
is a FACT, VALUE or
POLICY.
1.Swimmers are more attractive than
volleyball players.
2.Soda contains nothing to improve one’s
wellness.
3.We need to elect council officers to
address certain concerns of the people in
the barangay.
4.Sleeping eight hours a day makes a
person productive.
5.Research activity needs to be part of
the curriculum.
6. One’s religious inclination determines
his/her positive interdependence.
7. Plants are more valuable than animals.
8. The Department of Environmental and Natural
Resources should take equal precautions toward
climate change.
9.“ A family that prays together, stays
together.”
10.A clean environment creates a happy and
peaceful society.